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Arif AB, Budiyanto A, Setiawan, Cahyono T, Sulistiyani TR, Marwati T, Widayanti SM, Setyadjit, Manalu LP, Adinegoro H, Yustiningsih N, Hadipernata M, Jamal IB, Susetyo IB, Herawati H, Iswari K, Risfaheri. Application of Red and Blue LED Light on Cultivation and Postharvest of Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:3815651. [PMID: 39257674 PMCID: PMC11387089 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3815651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently, light-emitting diode (LED) technology has produced a more energy-efficient and versatile technology as an artificial lighting system that can be applied in the agricultural sector. Artificial lighting technology has been proven to be effective in increasing the production of agricultural products, especially horticultural commodities. As one of the primary horticulture commodities, tomatoes are the most common crop produced in controlled environments with LED artificial lighting. The focus of this study is to describe the application of LED lights in tomato cultivation and postharvest. We provide an amalgamation of the recent research achievements on the impact of LED lighting on photosynthesis, vegetative growth, flowering, production, and postharvest of tomatoes. Red-blue (RB) lighting induces photosynthesis; increases the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in tomato leaves; regulates vegetative growth in tomatoes; and increases the production of tomatoes. In postharvest tomatoes, blue LED lighting treatment can slowly change the color of the tomato skin to red, maintain hardness, and increase shelf life. Future research may be carried out on the effect of LED artificial lighting on tomatoes' phytochemical, antioxidant and other crucial nutritional content. Different LED wavelengths can be explored to enhance various bioactive compounds and health-promoting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bin Arif
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Budiyanto
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Setiawan
- Research Center for Horticulture National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Cahyono
- Research Center for Sustainable Production Systems and Life Cycle Assessment National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Ratna Sulistiyani
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Marwati
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Mariana Widayanti
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Setyadjit
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lamhot Parulian Manalu
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Himawan Adinegoro
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nenie Yustiningsih
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mulyana Hadipernata
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irpan Badrul Jamal
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indra Budi Susetyo
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heny Herawati
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kasma Iswari
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Risfaheri
- Research Center for Agroindustry National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
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2
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d’Aquino L, Cozzolino R, Malorni L, Bodhuin T, Gambale E, Sighicelli M, Della Mura B, Matarazzo C, Piacente S, Montoro P. Light Flux Density and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Secondary Metabolism in Fully Expanded Basil Plants. Foods 2024; 13:2273. [PMID: 39063357 PMCID: PMC11275332 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod. To investigate the effects of different lighting on growth, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolism, basil plants were grown from seedlings to fully expanded plants in microcosm devices under different light conditions: (a) white light at 250 and 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 under 16/8 h light/dark and (b) white light at 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 under 16/8 and 24/0 h light/dark. A higher yield was recorded under 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 compared to 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 (fresh and dry biomasses 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 g and 34.1 ± 2.6 g vs. 13.2 ± 1.4 g, respectively), but not under longer photoperiods. No differences in plant height and chlorophyll content index were recorded, regardless of the PPFD level and photoperiod length. Almost the same volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected under the different lighting treatments, belonging to terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones. Linalool, eucalyptol, and eugenol were the main VOCs regardless of the lighting conditions. The multivariate data analysis showed a sharp separation of non-volatile metabolites in apical and middle leaves, but this was not related to different PPFD levels. Higher levels of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were detected in plants grown under 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 380 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. A low separation of non-volatile metabolites based on the photoperiod length and VOC overexpression under longer photoperiods were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi d’Aquino
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Livia Malorni
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Emilia Gambale
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy;
| | - Brigida Della Mura
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Cristina Matarazzo
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
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3
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Zhao L, Zhao X, Huang L, Liu X, Wang P. Transcriptome analysis of Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum americanum leaves in response to high-phosphorus stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:635. [PMID: 38971717 PMCID: PMC11227232 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus (P) levels can disrupt nutrient balance in plants, adversely affecting growth. The molecular responses of Pennisetum species to high phosphorus stress remain poorly understood. This study examined two Pennisetum species, Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum americanum, under varying P concentrations (200, 600 and 1000 µmol·L- 1 KH2PO4) to elucidate transcriptomic alterations under high-P conditions. Our findings revealed that P. americanum exhibited stronger adaption to high-P stress compared to P. americanum× P. purpureum. Both species showed an increase in plant height and leaf P content under elevated P levels, with P. americanum demonstrating greater height and higher P content than P. americanum× P. purpureum. Transcriptomic analysis identified significant up- and down-regulation of key genes (e.g. SAUR, GH3, AHP, PIF4, PYL, GST, GPX, GSR, CAT, SOD1, CHS, ANR, P5CS and PsbO) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, peroxisomes, flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways. Compared with P. americanum× P. purpureum, P. americanum has more key genes in the KEGG pathway, and some genes have higher expression levels. These results contribute valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing high-P stress in Pennisetum species and offer implications for broader plant stress research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Aggarwal B, Rajora N, Raturi G, Dhar H, Kadam SB, Mundada PS, Shivaraj SM, Varshney V, Deshmukh R, Barvkar VT, Salvi P, Sonah H. Biotechnology and urban agriculture: A partnership for the future sustainability. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111903. [PMID: 37865210 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The global population is growing rapidly, and with it, the demand for food. In the coming decades, more and more people will be living in urban areas, where land for traditional agriculture is scarce. Urban agriculture can help to meet this growing demand for food in a sustainable way. Urban agriculture is the practice of growing food in urban areas. It can be done on rooftops, balconies, vacant lots, and even in alleyways. Urban agriculture can produce a variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It can also help to improve air quality, reduce stormwater runoff, and create jobs. Biotechnology can be used to improve the efficiency and sustainability of urban agriculture. Biotechnological tools can be used to develop crops that are resistant to pests and diseases, that are more tolerant of drought and heat, and that have higher yields. Biotechnology can also be used to improve the nutritional value of crops. This review article discusses the need for and importance of urban agriculture, biotechnology, and genome editing in meeting the growing demand for food in urban areas. It also discusses the potential of biotechnology to improve the sustainability of urban agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Aggarwal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Nitika Rajora
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Hena Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, India
| | - Swapnil B Kadam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Pankaj S Mundada
- Department of Biotechnology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Science, Alliance University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- Govt. Shaheed Gend Singh College, Charama, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana (CUH), Mahendergarh, India
| | | | - Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India.
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana (CUH), Mahendergarh, India.
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5
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Saeedi SA, Vahdati K, Sarikhani S, Daylami SD, Davarzani M, Gruda NS, Aliniaeifard S. Growth, photosynthetic function, and stomatal characteristics of Persian walnut explants in vitro under different light spectra. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1292045. [PMID: 38046599 PMCID: PMC10690960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1292045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Light plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, which is an essential process for plantlets produced during in vitro tissue culture practices and ex vitro acclimatization. LED lights are an appropriate technology for in vitro lighting but their effect on propagation and photosynthesis under in vitro condition is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different light spectra on growth, photosynthetic functionality, and stomatal characteristics of micropropagated shoots of Persian walnut (cv. Chandler). Tissue-cultured walnut nodal shoots were grown under different light qualities including white, blue, red, far-red, green, combination of red and blue (70:30), combination of red and far-red (70:30), and fluorescent light as the control. Results showed that the best growth and vegetative characteristics of in vitro explants of Persian walnut were achieved under combination of red and blue light. The biggest size of stomata was detected under white and blue lights. Red light stimulated stomatal closure, while stomatal opening was induced under blue and white lights. Although the red and far-red light spectra resulted in the formation of elongated explants with more lateral shoots and anthocyanin content, they significantly reduced the photosynthetic functionality. Highest soluble carbohydrate content and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were detected in explants grown under blue and white light spectra. In conclusion, growing walnut explants under combination of red and blue lights leads to better growth, photosynthesis functionality, and the emergence of functional stomata in in vitro explants of Persian walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Arash Saeedi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saadat Sarikhani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Davarzani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazim S. Gruda
- Department of Horticultural Science, INRES–Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC), College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Frąszczak B, Kula-Maximenko M, Podsędek A, Sosnowska D, Unegbu KC, Spiżewski T. Morphological and Photosynthetic Parameters of Green and Red Kale Microgreens Cultivated under Different Light Spectra. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3800. [PMID: 38005697 PMCID: PMC10674929 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Microgreens are plants eaten at a very early stage of development, having a very high nutritional value. Among a large group of species, those from the Brassicaceae family, including kale, are very popularly grown as microgreens. Typically, microgreens are grown under controlled conditions under light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the effect of light on the quality of grown microgreens varies. The present study aimed to determine the effect of artificial white light with varying proportions of red (R) and blue (B) light on the morphological and photosynthetic parameters of kale microgreens with green and red leaves. The R:B ratios were for white light (W) 0.63, for red-enhanced white light (W + R) 0.75, and for white and blue light (W + B) 0.38 at 230 µmol m-2 s-1 PPFD. The addition of both blue and red light had a positive effect on the content of active compounds in the plants, including flavonoids and carotenoids. Red light had a stronger effect on the seedling area and the dry mass and relative chlorophyll content of red-leaved kale microgreens. Blue light, in turn, had a stronger effect on green kale, including dry mass. The W + B light combination negatively affected the chlorophyll content of both cultivars although the leaves were significantly thicker compared to cultivation under W + R light. In general, the cultivar with red leaves had less sensitivity to the photosynthetic apparatus to the spectrum used. The changes in PSII were much smaller in red kale compared to green kale. Too much red light caused a deterioration in the PSII vitality index in green kale. Red and green kale require an individual spectrum with different proportions of blue and red light at different growth stages to achieve plants with a large leaf area and high nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frąszczak
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland; (K.C.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Monika Kula-Maximenko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorota Sosnowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland; (A.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Kingsley Chinazor Unegbu
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland; (K.C.U.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland; (K.C.U.); (T.S.)
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Sale AI, Uthairatanakij A, Laohakunjit N, Jitareerat P, Kaisangsri N. Pre-harvest supplemental LED treatments led to improved postharvest quality of sweet basil leaves. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112788. [PMID: 37769604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) treatments on the nutrient quality and volatile compounds of sweet basil leaves during stimulated shelf-life. Basil plants were grown in a greenhouse under different supplemental LEDs (white, blue, red, or red + blue each at 100 μmol m-2 s-1), while plants grown under sunlight served as the control. The findings revealed that plant height and canopy of basil showed a significant increase under red LED irradiation, while the leaf area was improved by the blue LED exposure. Moreover, blue LEDs enhanced the levels of phenolic compounds, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) activity in harvested sweet basil leaves. Additionally, red + blue LEDs lighting stimulated the production of volatile compounds. During storage, the samples treated with blue LEDs maintained a higher quality compared to the control samples. In conclusion, the application of blue or red + blue LEDs prior to harvest can be beneficial for promoting and preserving the nutritional quality of sweet basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ibrahim Sale
- Department of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Uthairatanakij
- Department of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Natta Laohakunjit
- Department of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongphen Jitareerat
- Department of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Kaisangsri
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
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Hammock HA, Kopsell DA, Sams CE. Application timing and duration of LED and HPS supplements differentially influence yield, nutrient bioaccumulation, and light use efficiency of greenhouse basil across seasons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174823. [PMID: 38023892 PMCID: PMC10644351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Three primary factors that impact plant growth and development are light quantity, quality, and duration. Commercial growers can manipulate these parameters using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to optimize biomass yield and plant quality. There is significant potential to synergize supplemental lighting (SL) parameters with seasonal variation of ambient sunlight to optimize crop light use efficiency (LUE), which could increase biomass while reducing SL electricity costs. To determine the best lighting characteristics and durations for different crops, particularly for enhancing the yield and nutritional quality of high-value specialty crops produced in greenhouses during the winter, a thorough efficacy comparison of progressive incremental daily light integrals (DLIs) using LED and high-pressure sodium (HPS) sources is required. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of differential application timing and DLIs of supplemental blue (B)/red (R) narrowband wavelengths from LED lighting systems and HPS lamps on greenhouse hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. 'Genovese') production. We assessed edible biomass, nutrient bioaccumulation, and LUE. Nine light treatments included: one non-supplemented natural light (NL) control, two end-of-day (EOD) HPS treatments applied for 6 h and 12 h, five EOD 20B/80R LED treatments applied for 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, 18 h, and one continuous LED treatment (24 h). Each SL treatment provided 100 µmol·m-2·s-1. The DLI of the NL control averaged 9.9 mol·m-2·d-1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol·m-2·d-1). SL treatments and growing seasons significantly impacted biomass and nutrient bioaccumulation; some SL treatments had lower yields than the non-supplemented NL control. January growing season produced the lowest fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) values compared to November, which had the highest. Mineral analyses revealed that both growing seasons and lighting types impacted macro and micronutrient accumulation. Additionally, the efficiency of each treatment in converting electrical energy into biomass varied greatly. EOD supplements using LED and HPS lighting systems both have merits for efficiently optimizing yield and nutrient accumulation in basil; however, biomass and nutrient tissue concentrations highly depend on seasonal variation in ambient sunlight in conjunction with a supplement's spectral quality, DLI, and application schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl E. Sams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Nagy K, Darkó É, Szalai G, Janda T, Jókai Z, Ladányi M, Rady MR, Dernovics M. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS assisted targeted metabolomics to study the enrichment of vinca alkaloids and related metabolites in Catharanthus roseus plants grown under controlled LED environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115611. [PMID: 37542828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of pharmaceutically important vinca alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, in the leaves of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants through different pre- or postharvest treatments or cultivation conditions, e.g., exposing the plants to UV-irradiation, has been in focus for decades. Controlled LED environment in the visible light range offers the possibility of monitoring the changes in the concentration of metabolites in the vinca alkaloid-related pathway without involving UV-related abiotic stress. In the frame of our targeted metabolomics approach, 64 vinca alkaloids and metabolites were screened with the help of a UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS instrumental setup from the leaf extracts of C. roseus plants grown in chambers under control (medium light), low light, and high blue / high red/ high far-red conditions. Out of the 14 metabolites that could be assigned either unambiguously with authentic standards or tentatively with high resolution mass spectrometry-based methods, all three dimer vinca alkaloids, that is, 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, vinblastine and vincristine showed an at least nine-fold enrichment under high blue irradiation when compared with the control conditions: final concentrations of 961 mg kg-1 dry weight, 33.8 mg kg-1 dry weight, and 11.7 mg kg-1 dry weight could be achieved, respectively. As supported by multivariate statistical analysis, the key metabolites of the vinca alkaloid pathway were highly represented among the metabolites that were specifically stimulated by high blue light application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Nagy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary; Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Éva Darkó
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Jókai
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Márta Ladányi
- Department of Applied Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Basic Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ramadan Rady
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth st., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary.
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10
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Paolillo I, Costanzo G, Delicato A, Villano F, Arena C, Calabrò V. Light Quality Potentiates the Antioxidant Properties of Brassica rapa Microgreen Extracts against Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1895. [PMID: 37891974 PMCID: PMC10604222 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds beneficial for contrasting oxidative stress, leading to many degenerative pathologies. Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa is well known for its nutraceutical properties among edible vegetable species. In our work, we aimed to explore an eco-friendly way to enhance the beneficial dietary phytochemicals in this vast world of crop-growing plants at selected light quality conditions. White broad-spectrum (W) and red-blue (RB) light regimes were used for growing brassica microgreens. The organic extracts were tested on keratinocytes upon oxidative stress to explore their capability to act as natural antioxidant cell protectors. Our results show that both W and RB extracts caused a notable reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by H2O2. Interestingly, according to its higher contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, the RB was more efficient in reducing ROS amount and DNA damage than the W extract, particularly at the lowest concentration tested. However, at higher concentrations (up to 100 μg/mL), the antioxidant effect reached a plateau, and there was little added benefit. These findings confirm that RB light effectively increases the antioxidant compounds in Brassica rapa L. microgreens, thus contributing to their enhanced activity against oxidative-induced genotoxicity compared to microgreens grown under W light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Paolillo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Delicato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Filippo Villano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (I.P.); (G.C.); (A.D.); (F.V.); (V.C.)
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11
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Yoon YE, Cho JY, Kim YN, Kantharaj V, Lee KA, Seo WD, Lee YB. Variation of Saponarin Content in Barley Sprouts ( Hordeum vulgare L.) by Natural Light Shielding: Implication of the Importance of Light Intensity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35837-35844. [PMID: 37810714 PMCID: PMC10552494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Saponarin is a functional metabolite produced by barley sprouts, and the mass production of saponarin by this crop is attractive for dietary supplement manufacturing. Light is the most important environmental factor determining plant growth, survival, and the production of secondary metabolites including flavonoids. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of light intensity for saponarin production in barley sprouts using a hydroponic growth system. Light intensity was manipulated by using shielding treatments to 100, 80, 70, and 50% natural sunlight (NS), and crop cultivation was performed on a monthly cycle. We found that the growth rate and biomass of barley sprouts did not differ in response to the shield treatments, whereas the saponarin content did. The highest saponarin content (i.e., from 1329 to 1673 mg 100 g-1) was observed in the 100% NS treatment, and it gradually decreased as light intensity also decreased. Statistical analysis revealed a significant polynomial relationship of saponarin content with cumulative PPFD (R2 = 76%), implying that the absolute total amount of light exposure over the growth period has a large effect on saponarin productivity in a hydroponic facility. Taken together, our results showed that shielding conditions, which are often unintentionally created by the design of cultivation facilities, can adversely affect saponarin production in barley sprouts. In addition, it was confirmed through our findings that light conditions with at least 70% NS in the cultivation facility enable the production of an amount corresponding to the saponarin content of the sprouts (>1000 mg 100 g-1) produced in the open field. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for the relationship of saponarin content with light quantity and quality in barley sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Yoon
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Cho
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Vimalraj Kantharaj
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Ah Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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12
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Darko E, Gondor KO, Kovács V, Janda T. Changes in the light environment: Short-term responses of photosynthesis and metabolism in spinach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13996. [PMID: 37882272 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Modification in the light environment can induce several changes even within a short time. In this article, light intensity and spectrum-dependent changes in photosynthetic and metabolic processes were investigated in spinach leaves. Short-term exposure of the youngest fully developed leaves provided an elevated CO2 assimilation capacity under red light compared with blue or white light, although the electron transport rate was lower. The stomatal opening was mainly stimulated by blue light. These spectrum-induced changes also depended on light intensity. When white light was used to activate the photosynthesis, the white light showed a similar light response to blue light regarding the electron transport processes and red light in terms of stomatal opening. In contrast, concerning CO2 assimilation characteristics, the white light resembled blue light at low and red light at high light intensities. These results indicate that the photosynthetic processes strongly interact with the light intensity and spectral composition. Furthermore, changes in spectral composition modified the primary metabolic processes as well. Red light induced the sugar accumulation, while more organic acids that belong to the respiration pathway were produced under blue and white lights. These changes occurred even within a short (30 min) time frame. These results also draw attention to the importance of the light environment used during the measurements of the photosynthetic activity of plants and/or sample collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kinga O Gondor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kovács
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
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13
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Hammock HA, Sams CE. Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown 'Italian Large Leaf' basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184664. [PMID: 37434608 PMCID: PMC10332322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL) sources with an emphasis on variations in spectral quality. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios and discrete wavelengths on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italian Large Leaf). A natural light (NL) control and different broadband lighting sources were also evaluated to establish the impact of adding discrete and broadband supplements to the ambient solar spectrum. Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol.m-2.d-1 (100 µmol.m-2.s-1, 24 h.d-1) photon flux. The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 11.75 mol.m-2.d-1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol.m-2.d-1). Basil plants were harvested 45 d after seeding. Using GC-MS, we explored, identified, and quantified several important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with known influence on sensory perception and/or plant physiological processes of sweet basil. We found that the spectral quality from SL sources, in addition to changes in the spectra and DLI of ambient sunlight across growing seasons, directly influence basil aroma volatile concentrations. Further, we found that specific ratios of narrowband B/R wavelengths, combinations of discrete narrowband wavelengths, and broadband wavelengths directly and differentially influence the overall aroma profile as well as specific compounds. Based on the results of this study, we recommend supplemental 450 and 660 nm (± 20 nm) wavelengths at a ratio of approximately 10B/90R at 100-200 µmol.m-2.s-1, 12-24 h.d-1 for sweet basil grown under standard greenhouse conditions, with direct consideration of the natural solar spectrum and DLI provided for any given location and growing season. This experiment demonstrates the ability to use discrete narrowband wavelengths to augment the natural solar spectrum to provide an optimal light environment across variable growing seasons. Future experiments should investigate SL spectral quality for the optimization of sensory compounds in other high-value specialty crops.
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14
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Xie Z, Wu Z, Wang O, Liu F. Unexpected growth promotion of Chlorella sacchrarophila triggered by herbicides DCMU. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131216. [PMID: 36934629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicological effects of herbicide contamination on the autotrophic growth of microalgae in aquatic environments have been major concerns. However, little is known about the influence of herbicides on the mixotrophic growth of microalgae. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effect of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea (DCMU) on the mixotrophic growth of Chlorella sacchrarophila FACHB 4. Results showed that C. sacchrarophila in mixotrophy was more resistant to DCMU than in photoautotrophy. Moreover, a low content of DCMU (20-80 μg·L-1) promoted the mixotrophic growth of C. sacchrarophila, and the promotion effect was obviously enhanced with the increase in light intensity. The chlorophyll content and glucose absorption rate of C. sacchrarophila were found to increase after incubation with DCMU for 24 h. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the mechanism of DCMU to promote the mixotrophic growth of C. sacchrarophila was probably through accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, which was accomplished by reducing photodamage and increasing the chlorophyll content of C. sacchrarophila. This study not only revealed an unexpected bloom of mixotrophic microalgae triggered by herbicides, but it also shed new light on an effective and low-cost strategy to improve the microalgae productivity for utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangzhang Xie
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Wu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Oumei Wang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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15
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Walter A, Schöbel H. Shed light on photosynthetic organisms: a physical perspective to correct light measurements. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:325-336. [PMID: 36821017 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The requirements for novel and innovative production systems expedite research on light emitting diode-based illumination in a life science context. In course of these rapid developments, the scientific community is in need of a consensus regarding to the characterization and presentation of the applied lighting conditions. This publication aims to establish a basic understanding of photon physics and propose guidelines for the conclusive usage of light related quantities. To illustrate the challenges in data handling, six different light sources were measured and characterized. Furthermore, a stepwise conversion within and in-between physical systems is presented, and an opportunity to extract information from weak data sets is demonstrated. The proposed calculations indicated flexibility in data handling, but revealed partial inaccuracy for colored light emitting diodes with spectral power distribution maxima far-off 550 nm compared to spectrometer-based measurements and conversions. Furthermore, it could be shown, that when comparing light properties, the determination of photometric quantities is incorrect to describe lighting systems for photosynthetic organism and the usage of luxmeter or similar photometric sensors should be avoided. The presented guidelines shall support scientists in applying a consistent and precise characterization of their illumination regimes, tailored to their requirements to avoid ambiguous communication and the generation of incorrect and thus incomparable data based on wrong quantities and units, such as lumen or lux, in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walter
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, MCI-The Entrepreneurial School, Maximilianstraße 2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Schöbel
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, MCI-The Entrepreneurial School, Maximilianstraße 2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lin L, Xiong X, Zhang D, Li S, Yu X, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of WRKY Transcription Factors and Their Expression Profile in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112131. [PMID: 37299110 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The WRKY gene family plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum has high ornamental and medicinal value. However, few WRKY genes have been reported in this plant, and their functions remain unknown. To explore the roles that the WRKY genes play in L. chinense var. rubrum, we identified and characterized 79 LcWRKYs through BLAST homology analysis and renamed them (as LcWRKY1-79) based on their distribution on the chromosomes of L. chinense var. rubrum. In this way, according to their structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into three groups containing 16 (Group I), 52 (Group II), and 11 (Group III) WRKYs, respectively. LcWRKYs in the same group have similar motifs and gene structures; for instance, Motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10 constitute the WRKY domain and zinc-finger structure. The LcWRKY promoter region contains light response elements (ACE, G-box), stress response elements (TC-rich repeats), hormone response elements (TATC-box, TCA-element), and MYB binding sites (MBS, MBSI). Synteny analysis of LcWRKYs allowed us to establish orthologous relationships among the WRKY gene families of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum L., Vitis vinifera L., Oryza sativa L., and Zea mays L.; furthermore, analysis of the transcriptomes of mature leaves and flowers from different cultivars demonstrated the cultivar-specific LcWRKY gene expression. The expression levels of certain LcWRKY genes also presented responsive changes from young to mature leaves, based on an analysis of the transcriptome in leaves at different developmental stages. White light treatment led to a significant decrease in the expression of LcWRKY6, 18, 24, 34, 36, 44, 48, 61, 62, and 77 and a significant increase in the expression of LcWRKY41, blue light treatment led to a significant decrease in the expression of LcWRKY18, 34, 50, and 77 and a significant increase in the expression of LcWRKY36 and 48. These results enable a better understanding of LcWRKYs, facilitating the further exploration of their genetic functions and the molecular breeding of L. chinense var. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sha Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou311300, China
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding (Ministry of Education), Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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17
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Krupnik T, Zienkiewicz M, Wasilewska-Dębowska W, Drożak A, Kania K. How Light Modulates the Growth of Cyanidioschyzon merolae Cells by Changing the Function of Phycobilisomes. Cells 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 37296601 PMCID: PMC10252272 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine how light intensity and quality affect the photosynthetic apparatus of Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells by modulating the structure and function of phycobilisomes. Cells were grown in equal amounts of white, blue, red, and yellow light of low (LL) and high (HL) intensity. Biochemical characterization, fluorescence emission, and oxygen exchange were used to investigate selected cellular physiological parameters. It was found that the allophycocyanin content was sensitive only to light intensity, whereas the phycocynin content was also sensitive to light quality. Furthermore, the concentration of the PSI core protein was not affected by the intensity or quality of the growth light, but the concentration of the PSII core D1 protein was. Finally, the amount of ATP and ADP was lower in HL than LL. In our opinion, both light intensity and quality are main factors that play an important regulatory role in acclimatization/adaptation of C. merolae to environmental changes, and this is achieved by balancing the amounts of thylakoid membrane and phycobilisome proteins, the energy level, and the photosynthetic and respiratory activity. This understanding contributes to the development of a mix of cultivation techniques and genetic changes for a future large-scale synthesis of desirable biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krupnik
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02096 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Veremeichik GN, Grigorchuk VP, Makhazen DS, Subbotin EP, Kholin AS, Subbotina NI, Bulgakov DV, Kulchin YN, Bulgakov VP. High production of flavonols and anthocyanins in Eruca sativa (Mill) Thell plants at high artificial LED light intensities. Food Chem 2023; 408:135216. [PMID: 36566545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eruca sativa (arugula) is a food crop containing valuable bioactive flavonoids. Plants growing with monochrome light-emitting diodes (LED) and "binary" light sources, including red/blue (RB), were tested using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Most artificial lighting options with a high intensity of 1000 μmol m-2s-1 (except for warm white light) resulted in an almost 20-fold increase in flavonol productivity. Monochromatic sources had no advantage over white light in terms of increasing anthocyanin productivity. However, RB light increased the anthocyanin content and productivity of E. sativa plants by more than ten times compared to white light. Plant growth on monochromatic and binary sources at high intensities was comparable to that on white light. Measurement of the content of chlorophyll and its degradation product, phyllobilins, showed that plants are not under stressful conditions. Overall, our data show that a significant increase in flavonoid content can be achieved without a loss of arugula plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - V P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - D S Makhazen
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - E P Subbotin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - A S Kholin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - N I Subbotina
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - D V Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Kulchin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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19
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Sarfaraz D, Rahimmalek M, Sabzalian MR, Gharibi S, Matkowski A, Szumny A. Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Oregano and Marjoram as Affected by Different Light-Emitting Diodes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093714. [PMID: 37175125 PMCID: PMC10180255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano and marjoram are important aromatic spices in the food industry, as well as medicinal plants with remarkable antioxidant properties. Despite their popularity, little is known about treatments that would influence the antioxidant capacity of essential oils. In this study, different spectra of LED light, namely blue, red, white, blue-red, and natural ambient light as a control, were applied to assess the essential oil content, composition, flavonoid, phenolic, and antioxidant capacity of oregano and marjoram. GC-MS analysis revealed thymol, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene, linalool, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene as the main compounds. In oregano, the thymol content ranged from 11.91% to 48.26%, while in marjoram it varied from 17.47% to 35.06% in different samples. In oregano and marjoram, the highest phenolic contents were in blue (61.26 mg of tannic acid E/g of DW) and in white (65.18 mg of TAE/g of DW) light, respectively, while blue-red illumination caused the highest increase in total flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of oregano and marjoram extract was evaluated using two food model systems, including DPPH and β-carotene bleaching. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in control light in oregano and blue-red light in marjoram. The results provide information on how to improve the desired essential oil profile and antioxidant capacity of extracts for industrial producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Sarfaraz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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20
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d’Aquino L, Cozzolino R, Nardone G, Borelli G, Gambale E, Sighicelli M, Menegoni P, Modarelli GC, Rimauro J, Chianese E, Nenna G, Fasolino T, D’Urso G, Montoro P. Effects of White and Blue-Red Light on Growth and Metabolism of Basil Grown under Microcosm Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1450. [PMID: 37050076 PMCID: PMC10097113 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Indoor farming of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under artificial lighting to support year-round produce demand is an area of increasing interest. Literature data indicate that diverse light regimes differently affect downstream metabolic pathways which influence basil growth, development and metabolism. In this study, basil was grown from seedlings to fully developed plants in a microcosm, an innovative device aimed at growing plants indoor as in natural conditions. Specifically, the effects of white (W) and blue-red (BR) light under a photosynthetic photon flux density of 255 μmol m-2 s-1 on plant growth, photochemistry, soluble nutrient concentration and secondary metabolism were investigated. Plants grew taller (41.8 ± 5.0 vs. 28.4 ± 2.5 cm) and produced greater biomass (150.3 ± 24.2/14.7 ± 2.0 g vs. 116.2 ± 28.3/12.3 ± 2.5 g fresh/dry biomass) under W light compared to BR light. The two lighting conditions differently influenced the soluble nutrient concentration and the translocation rate. No photosynthetic stress was observed under the two lighting regimes, but leaves grown under W light displayed higher levels of maximum quantum yield of PSII and electron transport rate. Sharp differences in metabolic patterns under the two lighting regimes were detected with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds under the BR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi d’Aquino
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Borelli
- Becar S.r.l. (Beghelli Group), Viale della Pace 1, Monteveglio, 40050 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilia Gambale
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Menegoni
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlo Modarelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Juri Rimauro
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Elena Chianese
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Isola C4, Centro Direzionale di Napoli, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nenna
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fasolino
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gilda D’Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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21
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Lo Piccolo E, Lauria G, Guidi L, Remorini D, Massai R, Landi M. Shedding light on the effects of LED streetlamps on trees in urban areas: Friends or foes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161200. [PMID: 36581265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Streetlamp illumination disturbs the natural physiological processes and circadian rhythms of living organisms, including photosynthesizing "citizens". The light-emitting diode (LED) technology has replaced high-pressure sodium lamps. Therefore, the effects of LED streetlamps on urban trees need to be elucidated as these new lamps have a different light spectrum (with a peak in the blue and red regions of the spectrum, i.e., highly efficient wavebands for photosynthesis) compared to older technologies. To address the above-mentioned issue, two widely utilised tree species in the urban environment, including Platanus × acerifolia (P) and Tilia platyphyllos (T), were grown with or without the effect of LED streetlamps using two realistic illumination intensities (300 and 700 μmol m-2 s-1). Gas exchanges and biochemical features (starch, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll content) of illuminated vs non-illuminated trees were compared during the whole vegetative season. Our results showed that both tree species were strongly influenced by LED streetlamps at physiological and biochemical levels. Specifically, the mature leaves of P and T streetlamp-illuminated trees had a lower CO2 assimilation rate at dawn and had higher chlorophyll content, with lower starch content than controls. Our results showed that the differences between the effects of the two selected light intensities on the physiochemical attributes of P and T trees were not statistically significant, suggesting the absence of a dose-dependent effect. The most significant difference between T and P trees concerning the LED-triggered species-specific effect was that the delay in winter dormancy occurred only in P individuals. This study provided insights into the extent of LED streetlamp disturbance on trees. Our findings might raise awareness of the necessity to provide less impacting solutions to improve the wellness of trees in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Lauria
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - D Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - R Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80-56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Zarekarizi A, Hoffmann L, Burritt DJ. The potential of manipulating light in the commercial production of carotenoids from algae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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23
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Blue light-induced lipid oxidation and the antioxidant property of hypotaurine: evaluation via measuring ultraweak photon emission. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:345-356. [PMID: 36271182 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of blue light on human body have attracted attention. The human skin in contact with the outside environment is often exposed to blue light, and the effects of this exposure remain to be fully determined. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of blue light, at the intensity typically found in sunlight, on lipids in the skin from an oxidation perspective. Peroxide value (POV) and ultraweak photon emission (UPE) measurements were conducted to evaluate lipid oxidation. Our results confirmed that blue light irradiation induced lipid oxidation, similar to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Also, the effects of various reagents on the blue light-induced UPE were evaluated; however, the results differed from those of the DPPH radical-scavenging ability. We speculated that this is due to the difference in the evaluation principle; nevertheless, among reagents, hypotaurine not only showed a high antioxidant effect but was also more effective against blue light-induced oxidation than UVA. Based on the difference in the antioxidant effect of the lipid sample in this study, the oxidation reaction induced by blue light may be different from the UVA-induced reaction. Our study provides new insights into the effects of blue light on lipids in the human skin, thereby promoting research regarding photooxidation.
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24
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Qaderi MM, Martel AB, Strugnell CA. Environmental Factors Regulate Plant Secondary Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030447. [PMID: 36771531 PMCID: PMC9920071 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic environmental stresses can alter plant metabolism, leading to inhibition or promotion of secondary metabolites. Although the crucial roles of these compounds in plant acclimation and defense are well known, their response to climate change is poorly understood. As the effects of climate change have been increasing, their regulatory aspects on plant secondary metabolism becomes increasingly important. Effects of individual climate change components, including high temperature, elevated carbon dioxide, drought stress, enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation, and their interactions on secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids, continue to be studied as evidence mounting. It is important to understand those aspects of secondary metabolites that shape the success of certain plants in the future. This review aims to present and synthesize recent advances in the effects of climate change on secondary metabolism, delving from the molecular aspects to the organismal effects of an increased or decreased concentration of these compounds. A thorough analysis of the current knowledge about the effects of climate change components on plant secondary metabolites should provide us with the required information regarding plant performance under climate change conditions. Further studies should provide more insight into the understanding of multiple environmental factors effects on plant secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirwais M. Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Ashley B. Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Courtney A. Strugnell
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
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25
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You X, Chen C, Yang L, Xia X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Physiological and morphological responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to different exposure methods of graphene oxide quantum dots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158722. [PMID: 36108851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) can convert the ultraviolet (200- 380 nm) into available wavelength (400- 700 nm) for microalgae cultivation. However, it has not been applied in large-scale microalgae culture due to its high cost and difficulties in recovery. This study proposed a new strategy for the sustainable use of GOQDs, namely, GOQDs solution was added to the outer sandwich of the reactor. Herein, the effects of direct and indirect exposure of different GOQDs concentrations (0, 100, and 1000 mg/L) on the microalgae culture were compared. When microalgae were directly exposed to the GOQDs, 100 mg/L of GOQDs increased the biomass production of microalgae by 24.0 %, while 1000 mg/L of GOQDs decreased biomass production by 31 %. High concentration of GOQDs (direct exposure) could cause extra oxidative stress in the microalgae cells and result in a significant reduction of pigment content. When microalgae were indirectly exposed to the GOQDs, the increased concentration of GOQDs enhanced the growth of microalgae. Compared to the blank group, 1000 mg/L of GOQDs increased the microalgae biomass production and bioenergy by 14.1 % and 40.17 %, respectively. The indirect exposure of GOQDs can effectively avoid photo-oxidation and organelle damage to the microalgae cells. Overall, the indirect exposure of GOQDs is a sustainable way for effectively promoting microalgae growth and reducing the application cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xuefen Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
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26
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Le AT, Choi IL, Han GD, Kang HM, Jung DH, Park WP, Yildiz M, Do TK, Chung YS. Colored LED Lights: Use One Color Alone or with Others for Growth in Hedyotis corymbosa In Vitro? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:93. [PMID: 36616224 PMCID: PMC9823912 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, light-emitting diode (LED) technology has been applied to improve crop production and induce targeted biochemical or physiological responses in plants. This study investigated the effect of different ratios of blue 450 nm and red 660 nm LEDs on the overall plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and total triterpenoid production in the leaves of Hedyotis corymbosa in vitro plants. The results showed that a high proportion of blue LED lights had a positive effect on enhancing photosynthesis and the overall biomass. In addition, blue LED lights were shown to be more effective in controlling the production of the total triterpenoid content compared with the red LED lights. Moreover, it was also found that plants grown under a high proportion of red LEDs exhibited reduced photosynthetic properties and even induced damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, which indicated that the blue or red LED lights played contrary roles in Hedyotis corymbosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Le
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Sciences, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - In-Lee Choi
- Agricultural and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung-Deok Han
- Department of Practical Arts Education, Cheongju National University of Education, Cheongju 28690, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Jung
- Division of Smart Horticulture, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Pyo Park
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehtap Yildiz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Thuong Kiet Do
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Sciences, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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27
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Garza-Alonso CA, Olivares-Sáenz E, González-Morales S, Cabrera-De la Fuente M, Juárez-Maldonado A, González-Fuentes JA, Tortella G, Valdés-Caballero MV, Benavides-Mendoza A. Strawberry Biostimulation: From Mechanisms of Action to Plant Growth and Fruit Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3463. [PMID: 36559576 PMCID: PMC9784621 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to present a compilation of the application of various biostimulants in strawberry plants. Strawberry cultivation is of great importance worldwide, and, there is currently no review on this topic in the literature. Plant biostimulation consists of using or applying physical, chemical, or biological stimuli that trigger a response-called induction or elicitation-with a positive effect on crop growth, development, and quality. Biostimulation provides tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and more absorption and accumulation of nutrients, favoring the metabolism of the plants. The strawberry is a highly appreciated fruit for its high organoleptic and nutraceutical qualities since it is rich in phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to being a product with high commercial value. This review aims to present an overview of the information on using different biostimulation techniques in strawberries. The information obtained from publications from 2000-2022 is organized according to the biostimulant's physical, chemical, or biological nature. The biochemical or physiological impact on plant productivity, yield, fruit quality, and postharvest life is described for each class of biostimulant. Information gaps are also pointed out, highlighting the topics in which more significant research effort is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio Olivares-Sáenz
- Protected Agriculture Center, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Susana González-Morales
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Research Applied to the Environment, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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28
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Ahmadi T, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR. Light emitting diodes improved the metabolism of rosmarinic acid and amino acids at the transcriptional level in two genotypes of Melissa officinalis L. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:1055-1069. [PMID: 36043232 DOI: 10.1071/fp21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we used different LEDs to evaluate their effect on metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of two genotypes (Ilam and Isfahan) of lemon balm grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Lemon balm plants were grown in four incubators equipped with artificial lighting and subjected to four LED lamps [White, Blue, Red, and mixed RB (Red+Blue) (70%:30%)] and in greenhouse conditions for 7weeks. The results showed significant increases in leaf number, pigment and soluble sugar contents, secondary metabolites, and calcium, magnesium, potassium and amino acid contents achieved in growth under mixed RB LEDs. As observed for the content of total phenolics, rosmarinic acid, and amino acids, the expression of genes involved in their production, including TAT , RAS , and DAHPS were also enhanced due to the mixed RB LED lighting. The best condition for both the plant growth and expression of genes was under the mixture of Red+Blue LED lamps. These observations indicate that the increase in secondary metabolites under mixed Red+Blue lights may be due to the increase in primary metabolites synthesis and the increased expression of genes that play an essential role in the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; and Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Rafeie M, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR, Gharibi S. Pretreatment with LEDs regulates antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic profile in two genotypes of basil under salinity stress. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1567-1583. [PMID: 35318557 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated a pretreatment with four LED light sources (red, blue, red + blue, and white) in two genotypes (green and purple) of basil on the growth parameters, stress oxidative markers, non-enzymatic antioxidants, osmoprotectant compounds, ion content, and polyphenolic profile under both control and salinity stress conditions. The results indicated that 150 mM of NaCl decreased biomass, RWC, and K+/Na+ ratio but increased the content of proline and antioxidant capacity in the leaves of both genotypes of basil grown under GH (greenhouse) conditions. The results suggested that RB LED-exposed plants in the green genotype and R LED-exposed plants in the purple genotype improved accumulation of shoot biomass, K+/Na+ ratio, proline and soluble sugars, glutathione and ascorbate, polyphenolic profile, and thioredoxin reductase activity in the leaves of basil under both control and salinity stress conditions. NaCl stress (150 mM) increased oxidative markers, which are responsible for disturbance of routine functions of various plant cellular modules. LED light pretreatments diminished these markers under both control and salinity stress conditions. It could be concluded that intensification of non-enzymatic antioxidant systems during light-mediated priming can diminish the deleterious effects of ROS induced by NaCl stress (150 mM) through preventing the lipid peroxidation, scavenging cytotoxic H2O2, and enhancement of antioxidant potentials. Therefore, usage of LED lighting systems as a pretreatment or to supplement natural photoperiods under both control and salinity stress conditions may be advantageous for increasing biomass and phytochemical accumulation in basil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Rafeie
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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30
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Effect of Phytochrome Deficiency on Photosynthesis, Light-Related Genes Expression and Flavonoid Accumulation in Solanum lycopersicum under Red and Blue Light. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213437. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of red (RL, 660 nm) and blue (BL, 450 nm) light on phy mutant tomato plants was studied. The rates of photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration, the efficiency of the primary photochemical processes of photosynthesis, the contents of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, the low-molecular-weight antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)) of leaf extracts, and the expression of light-dependent genes were evaluated. Under RL, BL, and white fluorescent light (WFL), the Pn values decreased in the order: WT > phyb2 > phyaphyb2 > phyaphyb1phyb2, except for the Pn in phyb2 on BL. Phyb2 also had a larger number of stomata under BL and, as a result, it reached maximum transpiration. The noticeable accumulation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds was observed only in the phyb2 and phyaphyb2 mutants upon irradiation with BL, which agrees with the increased TEAC in the leaf extracts. We suggest that the increased antioxidant activity under PHYB2 deficiency and the maintenance of high photosynthesis under BL are based on an increase in the expression of the early signaling transcription factors genes BBX, HY5. The largest decrease in the content of flavonoids and TEAC was manifested with a deficiency in PHYB1, which is probably the key to maintaining the antioxidant status in BL plants.
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Marchant MJ, Molina P, Montecinos M, Guzmán L, Balada C, Castro M. Effects of LED Light Spectra on the Development, Phytochemical Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma longa from Easter Island. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2701. [PMID: 36297725 PMCID: PMC9608076 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa (C. longa), an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes by the indigenous people of Easter Island, has been overexploited in its natural habitat, leading to its conservation status being designated as a vulnerable species. We have recently reported on the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve the productivity of C. longa in vitro cultures under a temporary immersion system (TIS), but the effects of light quality on plant growth, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity remained unexplored. Here, we set out to study these three aspects as observed at the end of TIS culture (day 0) and after 30 days of greenhouse acclimation (day 30). Thus, we evaluated plant morphological characteristics, phytochemical profile (polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, and curcumin), and radical scavenging activity by DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP assays. The results showed that, during in vitro cultivation under TIS, the red:blue (RB) LED light spectrum promoted C. longa shoot proliferation, with the resulting seedlings exhibiting greater fresh weight and no signs of etiolation. In the acclimation phase, the RB spectrum increased phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and reducing sugars, and boosted curcumin synthesis. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of the plants under the RB light spectrum did not intensify. We surmise that this may be due to the premature intraplant allocation of metabolites to alternative pathways (e.g., curcumin synthesis) under RB light.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Marchant
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Biocatalysis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Paula Molina
- Propagation Laboratory, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Miriam Montecinos
- Propagation Laboratory, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Leda Guzmán
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Biocatalysis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Balada
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Biocatalysis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Mónica Castro
- Propagation Laboratory, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
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Reichel P, Munz S, Hartung J, Kotiranta S, Graeff-Hönninger S. Impacts of Different Light Spectra on CBD, CBDA and Terpene Concentrations in Relation to the Flower Positions of Different Cannabis Sativa L. Strains. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2695. [PMID: 36297719 PMCID: PMC9612076 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants, but plant breeding and cultivation are restricted by country-specific regulations. The plant has gained interest due to its medically important secondary metabolites, cannabinoids and terpenes. Besides biotic and abiotic stress factors, secondary metabolism can be manipulated by changing light quality and intensity. In this study, three morphologically different cannabis strains were grown in a greenhouse experiment under three different light spectra with three real light repetitions. The chosen light sources were as follows: a CHD Agro 400 ceramic metal-halide lamp with a sun-like broad spectrum and an R:FR ratio of 2.8, and two LED lamps, a Solray (SOL) and an AP67, with R:FR ratios of 13.49 and 4, respectively. The results of the study indicated that the considered light spectra significantly influenced CBDA and terpene concentrations in the plants. In addition to the different light spectra, the distributions of secondary metabolites were influenced by flower positions. The distributions varied between strains and indicated interactions between morphology and the chosen light spectra. Thus, the results demonstrate that secondary metabolism can be artificially manipulated by the choice of light spectrum, illuminant and intensity. Furthermore, the data imply that, besides the cannabis strain selected, flower position can have an impact on the medicinal potencies and concentrations of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Reichel
- Agronomy, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Munz
- Agronomy, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Hartung
- Biostatistics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stiina Kotiranta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Israel A, Langrand J, Fontaine J, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. Significance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mitigating Abiotic Environmental Stress in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2591. [PMID: 36076777 PMCID: PMC9455813 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been used worldwide for thousands of years and play a critical role in traditional medicines, cosmetics, and food industries. In recent years, the cultivation of MAPs has become of great interest worldwide due to the increased demand for natural products, in particular essential oils (EOs). Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on the growth, productivity, and quality of MAPs. Hence, there is a need for eco-friendly agricultural strategies to enhance plant growth and productivity. Among the adaptive strategies used by MAPs to cope with the adverse effects of abiotic stresses including water stress, salinity, pollution, etc., their association with beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve MAPs' tolerance to these stresses. The current review (1) summarizes the effect of major abiotic stresses on MAPs' growth and yield, and the composition of EOs distilled from MAP species; (2) reports the mechanisms through which AMF root colonization can trigger the response of MAPs to abiotic stresses at morphological, physiological, and molecular levels; (3) discusses the contribution and synergistic effects of AMF and other amendments (e.g., plant growth-promoting bacteria, organic or inorganic amendments) on MAPs' growth and yield, and the composition of distilled EOs in stressed environments. In conclusion, several perspectives are suggested to promote future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV-UR 4492), Université Littoral Côte d’Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, CS 80699, F-62228 Calais, France
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Yu X, Zou Y, Zhang Z, Wei T, Ye Z, Yuk HG, Zheng Q. Recent advances in antimicrobial applications of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation in foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Light Intensity- and Spectrum-Dependent Redox Regulation of Plant Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071311. [PMID: 35883801 PMCID: PMC9312225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both light intensity and spectrum (280–800 nm) affect photosynthesis and, consequently, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthetic electron transport. ROS, together with antioxidants, determine the redox environment in tissues and cells, which in turn has a major role in the adjustment of metabolism to changes in environmental conditions. This process is very important since there are great spatial (latitude, altitude) and temporal (daily, seasonal) changes in light conditions which are accompanied by fluctuations in temperature, water supply, and biotic stresses. The blue and red spectral regimens are decisive in the regulation of metabolism because of the absorption maximums of chlorophylls and the sensitivity of photoreceptors. Based on recent publications, photoreceptor-controlled transcription factors such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and changes in the cellular redox environment may have a major role in the coordinated fine-tuning of metabolic processes during changes in light conditions. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the light-associated redox control of basic metabolic pathways (carbon, nitrogen, amino acid, sulphur, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism), secondary metabolism (terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and related molecular mechanisms. Light condition-related reprogramming of metabolism is the basis for proper growth and development of plants; therefore, its better understanding can contribute to more efficient crop production in the future.
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Rhodes BM, Siddiqui H, Khan S, Devlin PF. Dual Role for FHY3 in Light Input to the Clock. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862387. [PMID: 35755710 PMCID: PMC9218818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The red-light regulated transcription factors FHY3 and FAR1 form a key point of light input to the plant circadian clock in positively regulating expression of genes within the central clock. However, the fhy3 mutant shows an additional red light-specific disruption of rhythmicity which is inconsistent with this role. Here we demonstrate that only fhy3 and not far1 mutants show this red specific disruption of rhythmicity. We examined the differences in rhythmic transcriptome in red versus white light and reveal differences in patterns of rhythmicity among the central clock proteins suggestive of a change in emphasis within the central mechanism of the clock, changes which underlie the red specificity of the fhy3 mutant. In particular, changes in enrichment of promoter elements were consistent with a key role for the HY5 transcription factor, a known integrator of the ratio of red to blue light in regulation of the clock. Examination of differences in the rhythmic transcriptome in the fhy3 mutant in red light identified specific disruption of the CCA1-regulated ELF3 and LUX central clock genes, while the CCA1 target TBS element, TGGGCC, was enriched among genes that became arrhythmic. Coupled with the known interaction of FHY3 but not FAR1 with CCA1 we propose that the red-specific circadian phenotype of fhy3 may involve disruption of the previously demonstrated moderation of CCA1 activity by FHY3 rather than a disruption of its own transcriptional regulatory activity. Together, this evidence suggests a conditional redundancy between FHY3 and HY5 in the integration of red and blue light input to the clock in order to enable a plasticity in response to light and optimise plant adaptation. Furthermore, our evidence also suggests changes in CCA1 activity between red and white light transcriptomes. This, together with the documented interaction of HY5 with CCA1, leads us to propose a model whereby this integration of red and blue signals may at least partly occur via direct FHY3 and HY5 interaction with CCA1 leading to moderation of CCA1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul F. Devlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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Modulations in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Based on Intensity and Spectral Variations of Light. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105599. [PMID: 35628428 PMCID: PMC9146714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency is significantly affected by both qualitative and quantitative changes during light exposure. The properties of light have a profound effect on electron transport and energy absorption in photochemical reactions. In addition, fluctuations in light intensity and variations in the spectrum can lead to a decrease in photosystem II efficiency. These features necessitate the use of a simple and suitable tool called chlorophyll a fluorescence to study photosynthetic reactions as a function of the aforementioned variables. This research implies that chlorophyll a fluorescence data can be used to determine precise light conditions that help photoautotrophic organisms optimally function.
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Low Concentration of Anti-Auxin and Anti-Fungal Agent Accelerates the PLB Regeneration of Dendrobium okinawense under Green LED. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081082. [PMID: 35448811 PMCID: PMC9028245 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium okinawense is an endangered epiphytic orchid, and there has been no scientific report so far on its propagation. Protocorm is a mass of cells, and protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) are lookalike protocorms produced by vegetative explants in vitro. Regeneration of PLBs is a widely used technique for orchid micropropagation. We used different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the PLB regeneration of D. okinawense. The number of PLBs and fresh weight were increased by 81.1% and 80.8%, respectively, under green LED over the white fluorescent (WF) light. We added different concentrations of PCIB (p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, an anti-auxin) and HMI (3-Hydroxy-5-methyl isoxazole, an anti-fungal agent) in culture media. The number of PLBs was increased in media having 0.01 mg/L of PCIB (35.9%) compared to control (no PCIB), whereas 19.3% increased in media having 0.01 mL/L of HMI compared to control (no HMI). Green LED in combination with 0.01 mg/L of PCIB significantly increased the number of PLBs (69.0%) compared to the WF–without PCIB combination. In LEDs-PCIB and LED-HMI combinations, HMI did not show better PLBs regeneration compared with PCIB. The results suggested that a combination of low concentrations of PCIB and green LED have the potential to accelerate PLB regeneration of D. okinawense.
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Bialevich V, Zachleder V, Bišová K. The Effect of Variable Light Source and Light Intensity on the Growth of Three Algal Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081293. [PMID: 35455972 PMCID: PMC9028354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is the essential energy source for autotrophically growing organisms, including microalgae. Both light intensity and light quality affect cell growth and biomass composition. Here we used three green algae—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus quadricauda, and Parachlorella kessleri—to study the effects of different light intensities and light spectra on their growth. Cultures were grown at three different light intensities (100, 250, and 500 µmol m−2 s−1) and three different light sources: fluorescent lamps, RGB LEDs, and white LEDs. Cultures of Desmodesmus quadricauda and Parachlorella kessleri were saturated at 250 µmol m−2 s−1, and further increasing the light intensity did not improve their growth. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures did not reach saturation under the conditions used. All species usually divide into more than two daughter cells by a mechanism called multiple fission. Increasing light intensity resulted in an increase in maximum cell size and division into more daughter cells. In Parachlorella kessleri cells, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased with light intensity. Different light sources had no effect on algal growth or photosynthetic pigments. The results show a species-specific response of algae to light intensity and support the use of any white light source for their cultivation without negative effects on growth.
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Cavallaro V, Pellegrino A, Muleo R, Forgione I. Light and Plant Growth Regulators on In Vitro Proliferation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070844. [PMID: 35406824 PMCID: PMC9002540 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue cultures depend entirely upon artificial light sources for illumination. The illumination should provide light in the appropriate regions of the electromagnetic spectrum for photomorphogenic responses and photosynthetic metabolism. Controlling light quality, irradiances and photoperiod enables the production of plants with desired characteristics. Moreover, significant money savings may be achieved using both more appropriate and less consuming energy lamps. In this review, the attention will be focused on the effects of light characteristics and plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation, the main process in in vitro propagation. The effects of the light spectrum on the balance of endogenous growth regulators will also be presented. For each light spectrum, the effects on proliferation but also on plantlet quality, i.e., shoot length, fresh and dry weight and photosynthesis, have been also analyzed. Even if a huge amount of literature is available on the effects of light on in vitro proliferation, the results are often conflicting. In fact, a lot of exogenous and endogenous factors, but also the lack of a common protocol, make it difficult to choose the most effective light spectrum for each of the large number of species. However, some general issues derived from the analysis of the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cavallaro
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy, 95126 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Pellegrino
- Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Tree Physiology and Fruit Crop Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Ivano Forgione
- Tree Physiology and Fruit Crop Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
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41
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Darko E, Hamow KA, Marček T, Dernovics M, Ahres M, Galiba G. Modulated Light Dependence of Growth, Flowering, and the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Chilli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801656. [PMID: 35392509 PMCID: PMC8981241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chili is widely used as a food additive and a flavouring and colouring agent and also has great importance in health preservation and therapy due to the abundant presence of many bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids. Most of these secondary metabolites are strong antioxidants. In the present study, the effect of light intensity and spectral composition was studied on the growth, flowering, and yield of chilli together with the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the fruit. Two light intensities (300 and 500 μmol m-2 s-1) were applied in different spectral compositions. A broad white LED spectrum with and without FR application and with blue LED supplement was compared to blue and red LED lightings in different (80/20 and 95/5%) blue/red ratios. High light intensity increased the harvest index (fruit yield vs. biomass production) and reduced the flowering time of the plants. The amount of secondary metabolites in the fruit varied both by light intensity and spectral compositions; phenolic content and the radical scavenging activity were stimulated, whereas capsaicin accumulation was suppressed by blue light. The red colour of the fruit (provided by carotenoids) was inversely correlated with the absolute amount of blue, green, and far-red light. Based on the results, a schematic model was created, representing light-dependent metabolic changes in chilli. The results indicated that the accumulation of secondary metabolites could be modified by the adjustment of light intensity and spectral composition; however, different types of metabolites required different light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darko
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kamirán A. Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tihana Marček
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Georgicon Faculty, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
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Theparod T, Harnsoongnoen S. Narrow-Band Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Effects on Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) Sprouts with Remote Monitoring and Recording by Internet of Things Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1503. [PMID: 35214417 PMCID: PMC8877001 DOI: 10.3390/s22041503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that light quality critically affects plant development and growth; however, the response depends upon the plant species. This research aims to examine the effects of different light wavelengths on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) sprouts that were stimulated during the night. Natural light and narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used for an analysis of sunflower sprouts grown under full light and specific light wavelengths. Sunflower seeds were germinated under different light spectra including red, blue, white, and natural light. Luminosity, temperature, and humidity sensors were installed in the plant nursery and remotely monitored and recorded by an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The experiment examined seed germination for seven days. The results showed that the red light had the most influence on sunflower seed germination, while the natural light had the most influence on the increase in the root and hypocotyl lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Theparod
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Supakorn Harnsoongnoen
- The Biomimicry for Sustainable Agriculture, Health, Environment and Energy Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
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Paradiso R, Proietti S. Light-Quality Manipulation to Control Plant Growth and Photomorphogenesis in Greenhouse Horticulture: The State of the Art and the Opportunities of Modern LED Systems. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022; 41:742-780. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLight quantity (intensity and photoperiod) and quality (spectral composition) affect plant growth and physiology and interact with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the plant behaviour. More than providing the energy for photosynthesis, light also dictates specific signals which regulate plant development, shaping and metabolism, in the complex phenomenon of photomorphogenesis, driven by light colours. These are perceived even at very low intensity by five classes of specific photoreceptors, which have been characterized in their biochemical features and physiological roles. Knowledge about plant photomorphogenesis increased dramatically during the last years, also thanks the diffusion of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which offer several advantages compared to the conventional light sources, such as the possibility to tailor the light spectrum and to regulate the light intensity, depending on the specific requirements of the different crops and development stages. This knowledge could be profitably applied in greenhouse horticulture to improve production schedules and crop yield and quality. This article presents a brief overview on the effects of light spectrum of artificial lighting on plant growth and photomorphogenesis in vegetable and ornamental crops, and on the state of the art of the research on LEDs in greenhouse horticulture. Particularly, we analysed these effects by approaching, when possible, each single-light waveband, as most of the review works available in the literature considers the influence of combined spectra.
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Appolloni E, Pennisi G, Zauli I, Carotti L, Paucek I, Quaini S, Orsini F, Gianquinto G. Beyond vegetables: effects of indoor LED light on specialized metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal and aromatic plants, edible flowers, and microgreens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:472-487. [PMID: 34462916 PMCID: PMC9292972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites from plants are important for human health due to their antioxidant properties. Light is one of the main factors modulating the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, determining the cascade response activated by photoreceptors and the consequent modulation of expressed genes and biosynthetic pathways. Recent developments in light emitting diode (LED) technology have enabled improvements in artificial light applications for horticulture. In particular, the possibility to select specific spectral light compositions, intensities and photoperiods has been associated with altered metabolite content in a variety of crops. This review aims to analyze the effects of indoor LED lighting recipes and management on the specialized metabolite content in different groups of crop plants (namely medicinal and aromatic plants, microgreens and edible flowers), focusing on the literature from the last 5 years. The literature collection produced a total of 40 papers, which were analyzed according to the effects of artificial LED lighting on the content of anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenols, tocopherols, glycosides, and terpenes, and ranked on a scale of 1 to 3. Most studies applied a combination of red and blue light (22%) or monochromatic blue (23%), with a 16 h day-1 photoperiod (78%) and an intensity greater than 200 μmol m-2 s-1 (77%). These treatment features were often the most efficient in enhancing specialized metabolite content, although large variations in performance were observed, according to the species considered and the compound analyzed. The review aims to provide valuable indications for the definition of the most promising spectral components toward the achievement of nutrient-rich indoor-grown products. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Appolloni
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giuseppina Pennisi
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ilaria Zauli
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Laura Carotti
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ivan Paucek
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giorgio Gianquinto
- DISTAL – Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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45
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Phenotypic Plasticity of Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedlings in Response to Varied Light Quality Treatments. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of light quality on phenotypic plasticity in Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. seedlings during growth and development, and the underlying mechanisms, were investigated. The seedlings showed distinct morphological adjustments when exposed to an equal photosynthetic photon flux density (400 μmol·m−2·s−1) of different light qualities: monochromatic blue (BL), monochromatic red (RL), monochromatic far-red (FrL), mixed RL and FrL at 1:1 (RFr1:1L), mixed RL and FrL at 1:2 (RFr1:2L), and multi-wavelength white (WL, control). Compared with WL, FrL and BL significantly promoted height increment. However, BL was unfavorable for root growth. The seedling biomass was lower and the root-to-shoot ratio was smaller under BL. RL promoted leaf area enlargement, root growth, axillary bud number, and increased the root-to-shoot ratio, but inhibited stem elongation. Low R/Fr ratios or increased FrL proportion increased seedling stem elongation. The seedling growth under RFr1:1L treatment was poorer than that under other treatments; however, the number of axillary buds was the highest. The plasticity of leaf morphology traits was lower in different treatments, and that of axillary bud traits was crucial in the adaptation of C. lanceolata to light quality. Precise management of light quality and wavelength in controlled environments may maximize the economic efficiency of forest production and enhance its quality.
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Rihan HZ, Aljafer N, Jbara M, McCallum L, Lengger S, Fuller MP. The Impact of LED Lighting Spectra in a Plant Factory on the Growth, Physiological Traits and Essential Oil Content of Lemon Balm ( Melissa officinalis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030342. [PMID: 35161322 PMCID: PMC8838210 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
With the recent development of LED lighting systems for plant cultivation, the use of vertical farming under controlled conditions is attracting increased attention. This study investigated the impact of a number of LED light spectra (red, blue, green and white) on the growth, development and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), a herb and pharmaceutical plant species used across the world. White light and red-rich light spectra gave the best outputs in terms of impact on the growth and yield. For blue-rich spectra, the development and yield was lower despite having a significant impact on the photosynthesis activity, including Fv/Fm and NDVI values. For the blue-rich spectra, a peak wavelength of 450 mn was better than that of 435 nm. The results have practical value in terms of increased yield and the reduction of electricity consumption under controlled environmental conditions for the commercial production of lemon balm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hail Z. Rihan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (N.A.); (M.P.F.)
- Phytome Life Sciences, Launceston PL15 7AB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(75)-137-24-273
| | - Naofel Aljafer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (N.A.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Marwa Jbara
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (M.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Lynn McCallum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (M.J.); (L.M.)
| | - Sabine Lengger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;
| | - Michael P. Fuller
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; (N.A.); (M.P.F.)
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Can Light Spectrum Composition Increase Growth and Nutritional Quality of Linum usitatissimum L. Sprouts and Microgreens? HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed could be suitable for obtaining high-quality sprouts and microgreens thanks to high amounts of nutrients and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer compound content in its seeds. Recent studies highlighted that seedling growth, nutritional compound, and secondary metabolite content can be strongly managed by regulation of the light spectrum used during germination. The present study intended to shed light on flaxseed as emerging and novel species for sprouts and microgreens and to evaluate the effect of light, with different spectrum compositions (100% blue, 100% red, 100% green, and red:green:blue—1:1:1) on the performance of flax microgreens and sprouts grown indoors under controlled conditions. Microgreens showed, compared to sprouts, a higher chlorophyll (+62.6%), carotenoid (+24.4%), and phenol content (+37.8%), antioxidant capacity (+25.1%) and a lower dry matter content (−30.7%). Besides, microgreens treated with 100% blue light were characterized by the highest content of flavonoids (2.48 mg CAE g−1 FW), total phenols (3.76 mg GAE g−1 FW), chlorogenic acid (1.10 mg g−1 FW), and antioxidant capacity (8.06 µmol TEAC g−1 FW). The paper demonstrates the feasibility of obtaining flax sprouts and microgreens indoors with a considerable antioxidant capacity and health-promoting compounds by modulating the light spectrum.
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Hamedalla AM, Ali MM, Ali WM, Ahmed MAA, Kaseb MO, Kalaji HM, Gajc-Wolska J, Yousef AF. Increasing the performance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings by LED illumination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:852. [PMID: 35039577 PMCID: PMC8764046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important limiting factors for photosynthesis and the production of plants, especially in the regions where natural environmental conditions do not provide sufficient sunlight, and there is a great dependence on artificial lighting to grow plants and produce food. The influence of light intensity, quality, and photoperiod on photosynthetic pigments content and some biochemical and growth traits of cucumber seedlings grown under controlled conditions was investigated. An orthogonal design based on a combination of different light irradiances, ratio of LEDs and photoperiods was used. Treaments consisted of three light irradiance regimes (80, 100, and 150 µmol m−2 s−1) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of different ratios of red and blue (R:B) (30:70, 50:50, and 70:30) and three different photoperiods (10/14, 12/12, and 14/10 h). The white light was used as a control/reference. Plant height, hypocotyl length, stem diameter, leaf area, and soluble sugar content were highest when exposed to LM9 (150 µmol m−2 s−1; R70:B30; 12/12 h) light mode, while the lowest values for the above parameters were obtained under LM1 (80 µmol m−2 s−1; R30:B70; 10/14 h). Higher pigments contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid) were obtained when light regime LM9 (150 µmol m−2 s−1; R70:B30; 12/12 h) was applied. In general, cucumber seedlings grown under the LM9 regime showed a significant increase in growth as well as photosynthetic capacity. It seems that the content of photosynthetic pigments is the key factor responsible for the performance of cucumber seedlings grown under different lighting modes, compared to other traits studied. We recommend monitoring the content of chlorophyll a, b, and their ratio value when studying the light requirement of cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Hamedalla
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Waleed M Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Branch Assiut), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Omar Kaseb
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, 12119, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Now-oursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP), Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Janina Gajc-Wolska
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 166 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed Fathy Yousef
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Branch Assiut), Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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Le AT, Yu JK, Han GD, Do TK, Chung YS. Potential Use of Colored LED Lights to Increase the Production of Bioactive Metabolites Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:225. [PMID: 35050113 PMCID: PMC8779199 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam is a wild herb that is used in traditional Indian, Chinese, and African medicine. Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is paving the way to enhance crop production and inducing targeted photomorphogenic, biochemical, or physiological responses in plants. This study examines the efficiency of H. corymbosa (L.) Lam production under blue 450 nm and red 660 nm LED lights for overall plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and the contents of metabolite compounds. Our research showed that blue LED lights provided a positive effect on enhancing plant growth and overall biomass. In addition, blue LED lights are more effective in controlling the production of sucrose, starch, total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoid compared to red LED lights. However, blue and red LED lights played essential but different roles in photosynthetic characteristics. Our results showed the potential of colored LED light applications in improving farming methods and increasing metabolite production in herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Le
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (A.T.L.); (G.-D.H.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Sciences, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ju-Kyung Yu
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Research Triangle Park, 9 Davis Dr, Durham, NC 27703, USA;
| | - Gyung-Deok Han
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (A.T.L.); (G.-D.H.)
| | - Thuong Kiet Do
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology—Biotechnology, University of Sciences, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Yong-Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (A.T.L.); (G.-D.H.)
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The influence of different light spectra on physiological responses, antioxidant capacity and chemical compositions in two holy basil cultivars. Sci Rep 2022; 12:588. [PMID: 35022462 PMCID: PMC8755830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an artificial light source used in indoor cultivation to influence plant growth, photosynthesis performance and secondary metabolite synthesis. Holy basil plants (Ocimum tenuiflorum) were cultivated under fully controlled environmental conditions with different red (R) and blue (B) light intensity ratios (3R:1B, 1R:1B and 1R:3B), along with combined green (G) LED (2R:1G:2B). The photosynthetic activities of both cultivars were maximal under 3R:1B. However, the highest fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight values of green holy basil were recorded under 3R:1B and 2R:1G:2B, significantly higher than those under alternative light conditions. For red holy basil, the highest FW and DW were recorded under 1R:3B. Moreover, 2R:1G:2B treatment promoted pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) accumulation in green holy basil, while red holy basil was found to be rich in both pigments under 3R:1B. Antioxidant capacity was also influenced by light spectrum, resulting in greater total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH accumulation in both cultivars under 1R:3B. The highest content of flavonoid in green holy basil was detected under 1R:1B; meanwhile, 1R:3B treatment significantly promoted flavonoid content in red holy basil. In addition, anthocyanin content increased in red holy basil under 1R:3B conditions. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis of chemical composition showed higher proportional accumulation in Methyleugenol and Caryophyllene of two cultivars grown under all light spectrum ratios at two developmental stages. Overall, specific light spectrum ratios induced different chemical composition responses in each cultivar and at each developmental stage. These results suggest that 3R:1B was favorable for biomass accumulation and photosynthetic responses in green holy basil, while 1R:3B provided antioxidant accumulation. For red holy basil cultivation, 1R:3B provided optimal growing conditions, promoting improvements in plant biomass, and physiological and antioxidant capacities.
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