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Wuitchik DM, Aichelman HE, Atherton KF, Brown CM, Chen X, DiRoberts L, Pelose GE, Tramonte CA, Davies SW. Photosymbiosis reduces the environmental stress response under a heat challenge in a facultatively symbiotic coral. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15484. [PMID: 38969663 PMCID: PMC11226616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis between corals and dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae is sensitive to environmental stress. The oxidative bleaching hypothesis posits that extreme temperatures lead to accumulation of photobiont-derived reactive oxygen species ROS, which exacerbates the coral environmental stress response (ESR). To understand how photosymbiosis modulates coral ESRs, these responses must be explored in hosts in and out of symbiosis. We leveraged the facultatively symbiotic coral Astrangia poculata, which offers an opportunity to uncouple the ESR across its two symbiotic phenotypes (brown, white). Colonies of both symbiotic phenotypes were exposed to three temperature treatments for 15 days: (i) control (static 18 °C), (ii) heat challenge (increasing from 18 to 30 °C), and (iii) cold challenge (decreasing from 18 to 4 °C) after which host gene expression was profiled. Cold challenged corals elicited widespread differential expression, however, there were no differences between symbiotic phenotypes. In contrast, brown colonies exhibited greater gene expression plasticity under heat challenge, including enrichment of cell cycle pathways involved in controlling photobiont growth. While this plasticity was greater, the genes driving this plasticity were not associated with an amplified environmental stress response (ESR) and instead showed patterns of a dampened ESR under heat challenge. This provides nuance to the oxidative bleaching hypothesis and suggests that, at least during the early onset of bleaching, photobionts reduce the host's ESR under elevated temperatures in A. poculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Wuitchik
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - H E Aichelman
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K F Atherton
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Brown
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Chen
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L DiRoberts
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G E Pelose
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C A Tramonte
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S W Davies
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Zobel M, Koorem K, Moora M, Semchenko M, Davison J. Symbiont plasticity as a driver of plant success. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2340-2352. [PMID: 38308116 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We discuss which plant species are likely to become winners, that is achieve the highest global abundance, in changing landscapes, and whether plant-associated microbes play a determining role. Reduction and fragmentation of natural habitats in historic landscapes have led to the emergence of patchy, hybrid landscapes, and novel landscapes where anthropogenic ecosystems prevail. In patchy landscapes, species with broad niches are favoured. Plasticity in the degree of association with symbiotic microbes may contribute to broader plant niches and optimization of symbiosis costs and benefits, by downregulating symbiosis when it is unnecessary and upregulating it when it is beneficial. Plasticity can also be expressed as the switch from one type of mutualism to another, for example from nutritive to defensive mutualism with increasing soil fertility and the associated increase in parasite load. Upon dispersal, wide mutualistic partner receptivity is another facet of symbiont plasticity that becomes beneficial, because plants are not limited by the availability of specialist partners when arriving at new locations. Thus, under conditions of global change, symbiont plasticity allows plants to optimize the activity of mutualistic relationships, potentially allowing them to become winners by maximizing geographic occupancy and local abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
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3
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Burggren WW, Mendez-Sanchez JF. "Bet hedging" against climate change in developing and adult animals: roles for stochastic gene expression, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and adaptation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1245875. [PMID: 37869716 PMCID: PMC10588650 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1245875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals from embryos to adults experiencing stress from climate change have numerous mechanisms available for enhancing their long-term survival. In this review we consider these options, and how viable they are in a world increasingly experiencing extreme weather associated with climate change. A deeply understood mechanism involves natural selection, leading to evolution of new adaptations that help cope with extreme and stochastic weather events associated with climate change. While potentially effective at staving off environmental challenges, such adaptations typically occur very slowly and incrementally over evolutionary time. Consequently, adaptation through natural selection is in most instances regarded as too slow to aid survival in rapidly changing environments, especially when considering the stochastic nature of extreme weather events associated with climate change. Alternative mechanisms operating in a much shorter time frame than adaptation involve the rapid creation of alternate phenotypes within a life cycle or a few generations. Stochastic gene expression creates multiple phenotypes from the same genotype even in the absence of environmental cues. In contrast, other mechanisms for phenotype change that are externally driven by environmental clues include well-understood developmental phenotypic plasticity (variation, flexibility), which can enable rapid, within-generation changes. Increasingly appreciated are epigenetic influences during development leading to rapid phenotypic changes that can also immediately be very widespread throughout a population, rather than confined to a few individuals as in the case of favorable gene mutations. Such epigenetically-induced phenotypic plasticity can arise rapidly in response to stressors within a generation or across a few generations and just as rapidly be "sunsetted" when the stressor dissipates, providing some capability to withstand environmental stressors emerging from climate change. Importantly, survival mechanisms resulting from adaptations and developmental phenotypic plasticity are not necessarily mutually exclusive, allowing for classic "bet hedging". Thus, the appearance of multiple phenotypes within a single population provides for a phenotype potentially optimal for some future environment. This enhances survival during stochastic extreme weather events associated with climate change. Finally, we end with recommendations for future physiological experiments, recommending in particular that experiments investigating phenotypic flexibility adopt more realistic protocols that reflect the stochastic nature of weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jose Fernando Mendez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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4
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Williamson M, Gerhard D, Hulme PE, Millar A, Chapman H. High-performing plastic clones best explain the spread of yellow monkeyflower from lowland to higher elevation areas in New Zealand. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1455-1470. [PMID: 37731241 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The relative contribution of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can vary between core and edge populations, with implications for invasive success. We investigated the spread of the invasive yellow monkeyflower, Erythranthe gutatta in New Zealand, where it is spreading from lowland agricultural land into high-elevation conservation areas. We investigated the extent of phenotypic variation among clones from across the South Island, looked for adaptation and compared degrees of plasticity among lowland core versus montane range-edge populations. We grew 34 clones and measured their vegetative and floral traits in two common gardens, one in the core range at 9 m a.s.l. and one near the range-edge at 560 m a.s.l. Observed trait variation was explained by a combination of genotypic diversity (as identified through common gardens) and high phenotypic plasticity. We found a subtle signature of local adaptation to lowland habitats but all clones were plastic and able to survive and reproduce in both gardens. In the range-edge garden, above-ground biomass was on average almost double and stolon length almost half that of the same clone in the core garden. Clones from low-elevation sites showed higher plasticity on average than those from higher elevation sites. The highest performing clones in the core garden were also top performers in the range-edge garden. These results suggest some highly fit general-purpose genotypes, possibly pre-adapted to New Zealand montane conditions, best explains the spread of E. gutatta from lowland to higher elevation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Williamson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research ESR Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Gerhard
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Millar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hazel Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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5
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Usui T, Lerner D, Eckert I, Angert AL, Garroway CJ, Hargreaves A, Lancaster LT, Lessard JP, Riva F, Schmidt C, van der Burg K, Marshall KE. The evolution of plasticity at geographic range edges. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:831-842. [PMID: 37183152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity enables rapid responses to environmental change, and could facilitate range shifts in response to climate change. What drives the evolution of plasticity at range edges, and the capacity of range-edge individuals to be plastic, remain unclear. Here, we propose that accurately predicting when plasticity itself evolves or mediates adaptive evolution at expanding range edges requires integrating knowledge on the demography and evolution of edge populations. Our synthesis shows that: (i) the demography of edge populations can amplify or attenuate responses to selection for plasticity through diverse pathways, and (ii) demographic effects on plasticity are modified by the stability of range edges. Our spatially explicit synthesis for plasticity has the potential to improve predictions for range shifts with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Usui
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - David Lerner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Isaac Eckert
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy L Angert
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin J Garroway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anna Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Federico Riva
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Schmidt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin van der Burg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Katie E Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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6
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Barnes PW, Robson TM, Zepp RG, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Ossola R, Wang QW, Robinson SA, Foereid B, Klekociuk AR, Martinez-Abaigar J, Hou WC, Mackenzie R, Paul ND. Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1049-1091. [PMID: 36723799 PMCID: PMC9889965 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new and rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation and other environmental factors because of ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone and climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles in the context of the Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess effects on terrestrial organisms, agriculture and food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services and feedbacks to the climate system. Emphasis is placed on the role of extreme climate events in altering the exposure to UV radiation of organisms and ecosystems and the potential effects on biodiversity. We also address the responses of plants to increased temporal variability in solar UV radiation, the interactive effects of UV radiation and other climate change factors (e.g. drought, temperature) on crops, and the role of UV radiation in driving the breakdown of organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) and biocides (pesticides and herbicides). Our assessment indicates that UV radiation and climate interact in various ways to affect the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, and that by protecting the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol continues to play a vital role in maintaining healthy, diverse ecosystems on land that sustain life on Earth. Furthermore, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment are mitigating some of the negative environmental consequences of climate change by limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting the carbon sequestration potential of vegetation and the terrestrial carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, USA.
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK.
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - R Ossola
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S A Robinson
- Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - R Mackenzie
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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7
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Johannesson K, Leder EH, André C, Dupont S, Eriksson SP, Harding K, Havenhand JN, Jahnke M, Jonsson PR, Kvarnemo C, Pavia H, Rafajlović M, Rödström EM, Thorndyke M, Blomberg A. Ten years of marine evolutionary biology-Challenges and achievements of a multidisciplinary research initiative. Evol Appl 2023; 16:530-541. [PMID: 36793681 PMCID: PMC9923476 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was established in 2008 through a 10-year research grant of 8.7 m€ to a team of senior researchers. Today, CeMEB members have contributed >500 scientific publications, 30 PhD theses and have organised 75 meetings and courses, including 18 three-day meetings and four conferences. What are the footprints of CeMEB, and how will the centre continue to play a national and international role as an important node of marine evolutionary research? In this perspective article, we first look back over the 10 years of CeMEB activities and briefly survey some of the many achievements of CeMEB. We furthermore compare the initial goals, as formulated in the grant application, with what has been achieved, and discuss challenges and milestones along the way. Finally, we bring forward some general lessons that can be learnt from a research funding of this type, and we also look ahead, discussing how CeMEB's achievements and lessons can be used as a springboard to the future of marine evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johannesson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Erica H. Leder
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Carl André
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research StationFiskebäckskilSweden
- International Atomic Energy AgencyPrincipality of MonacoMonaco
| | - Susanne P. Eriksson
- Department of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research StationFiskebäckskilSweden
| | - Karin Harding
- Department of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Jonathan N. Havenhand
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Marlene Jahnke
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Per R. Jonsson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Eva Marie Rödström
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Michael Thorndyke
- Department of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research StationFiskebäckskilSweden
- Department of Genomics Research in Ecology & Evolution in Nature (GREEN)Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)De Rijksuniversiteit GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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8
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Eriksson M, Kinnby A, De Wit P, Rafajlović M. Adaptive, maladaptive, neutral, or absent plasticity: Hidden caveats of reaction norms. Evol Appl 2023; 16:486-503. [PMID: 36793703 PMCID: PMC9923493 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity may improve the response of individuals when faced with new environmental conditions. Typically, empirical evidence for plasticity is based on phenotypic reaction norms obtained in reciprocal transplant experiments. In such experiments, individuals from their native environment are transplanted into a different environment, and a number of trait values, potentially implicated in individuals' response to the new environment, are measured. However, the interpretations of reaction norms may differ depending on the nature of the assessed traits, which may not be known beforehand. For example, for traits that contribute to local adaptation, adaptive plasticity implies nonzero slopes of reaction norms. By contrast, for traits that are correlated to fitness, high tolerance to different environments (possibly due to adaptive plasticity in traits that contribute to adaptation) may, instead, result in flat reaction norms. Here we investigate reaction norms for adaptive versus fitness-correlated traits and how they may affect the conclusions regarding the contribution of plasticity. To this end, we first simulate range expansion along an environmental gradient where plasticity evolves to different values locally and then perform reciprocal transplant experiments in silico. We show that reaction norms alone cannot inform us whether the assessed trait exhibits locally adaptive, maladaptive, neutral, or no plasticity, without any additional knowledge of the traits assessed and species' biology. We use the insights from the model to analyse and interpret empirical data from reciprocal transplant experiments involving the marine isopod Idotea balthica sampled from two geographical locations with different salinities, concluding that the low-salinity population likely has reduced adaptive plasticity relative to the high-salinity population. Overall, we conclude that, when interpreting results from reciprocal transplant experiments, it is necessary to consider whether traits assessed are locally adaptive with respect to the environmental variable accounted for in the experiments or correlated to fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eriksson
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Alexandra Kinnby
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstad‐TjärnöSweden
| | - Pierre De Wit
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgStrömstad‐TjärnöSweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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9
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Havrilla CA, Bradford JB, Yackulic CB, Munson SM. Divergent climate impacts on
C
3
versus
C
4
grasses imply widespread 21st century shifts in grassland functional composition. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Havrilla
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - John B. Bradford
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Charles B. Yackulic
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Seth M. Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff Arizona USA
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10
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Ibarra‐Isassi J, Handa IT, Lessard J. Community‐wide trait adaptation, but not plasticity, explain ant community structure in extreme environments. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ibarra‐Isassi
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montréal QC Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Stewart Biological Sciences Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montréal QC Canada
| | - Ira Tanya Handa
- Département des Sciences Biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Stewart Biological Sciences Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montréal QC Canada
| | - Jean‐Philippe Lessard
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montréal QC Canada
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Stewart Biological Sciences Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue Montréal QC Canada
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11
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Rafajlović M, Alexander JM, Butlin RK, Johannesson K. Introduction to the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210002. [PMID: 35184596 PMCID: PMC8859519 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding where, when and how species' ranges will be modified is both a fundamental problem and essential to predicting how spatio-temporal environmental changes in abiotic and biotic factors impact biodiversity. Notably, different species may respond disparately to similar environmental changes: some species may overcome an environmental change only with difficulty or not at all, while other species may readily overcome the same change. Ranges may contract, expand or move. The drivers and consequences of this variability in species' responses remain puzzling. Importantly, changes in a species' range creates feedbacks to the environmental conditions, populations and communities in its previous and current range, rendering population genetic, population dynamic and community processes inextricably linked. Understanding these links is critical in guiding biodiversity management and conservation efforts. This theme issue presents current thinking about the factors and mechanisms that limit and/or modify species' ranges. It also outlines different approaches to detect changes in species' distributions, and illustrates cases of range modifications in several taxa. Overall, this theme issue highlights the urgency of understanding species' ranges but shows that we are only just beginning to disentangle the processes involved. One way forward is to unite ecology with evolutionary biology and empirical with modelling approaches. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger K. Butlin
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
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12
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O'Brien EK, Walter GM, Bridle J. Environmental variation and biotic interactions limit adaptation at ecological margins: lessons from rainforest Drosophila and European butterflies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210017. [PMID: 35184592 PMCID: PMC8859522 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of local adaptation to spatially varying selection predict that maximum rates of evolution are determined by the interaction between increased adaptive potential owing to increased genetic variation, and the cost genetic variation brings by reducing population fitness. We discuss existing and new results from our laboratory assays and field transplants of rainforest Drosophila and UK butterflies along environmental gradients, which try to test these predictions in natural populations. Our data suggest that: (i) local adaptation along ecological gradients is not consistently observed in time and space, especially where biotic and abiotic interactions affect both gradient steepness and genetic variation in fitness; (ii) genetic variation in fitness observed in the laboratory is only sometimes visible to selection in the field, suggesting that demographic costs can remain high without increasing adaptive potential; and (iii) antagonistic interactions between species reduce local productivity, especially at ecological margins. Such antagonistic interactions steepen gradients and may increase the cost of adaptation by increasing its dimensionality. However, where biotic interactions do evolve, rapid range expansion can follow. Future research should test how the environmental sensitivity of genotypes determines their ecological exposure, and its effects on genetic variation in fitness, to predict the probability of evolutionary rescue at ecological margins. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K. O'Brien
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Greg M. Walter
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jon Bridle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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Bridle J, Hoffmann A. Understanding the biology of species' ranges: when and how does evolution change the rules of ecological engagement? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210027. [PMID: 35184590 PMCID: PMC8859517 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding processes that limit species' ranges has been a core issue in ecology and evolutionary biology for many decades, and has become increasingly important given the need to predict the responses of biological communities to rapid environmental change. However, we still have a poor understanding of evolution at range limits and its capacity to change the ecological 'rules of engagement' that define these communities, as well as the time frame over which this occurs. Here we link papers in the current volume to some key concepts involved in the interactions between evolutionary and ecological processes at species' margins. In particular, we separate hypotheses about species' margins that focus on hard evolutionary limits, which determine how genotypes interact with their environment, from those concerned with soft evolutionary limits, which determine where and when local adaptation can persist in space and time. We show how theoretical models and empirical studies highlight conditions under which gene flow can expand local limits as well as contain them. In doing so, we emphasize the complex interplay between selection, demography and population structure throughout a species' geographical and ecological range that determines its persistence in biological communities. However, despite some impressively detailed studies on range limits, particularly in invertebrates and plants, few generalizations have emerged that can predict evolutionary responses at ecological margins. We outline some directions for future work such as considering the impact of structural genetic variants and metapopulation structure on limits, and the interaction between range limits and the evolution of mating systems and non-random dispersal. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Bridle
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Holt RD, Barfield M, Peniston JH. Temporal variation may have diverse impacts on range limits. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210016. [PMID: 35184591 PMCID: PMC8861856 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental fluctuations are pervasive in nature, but the influence of non-directional temporal variation on range limits has received scant attention. We synthesize insights from the literature and use simple models to make conceptual points about the potentially wide range of ecological and evolutionary effects of temporal variation on range limits. Because organisms respond nonlinearly to environmental conditions, temporal variation can directionally alter long-term growth rates, either to shrink or to expand ranges. We illustrate this diversity of outcomes with a model of competition along a mortality gradient. Temporal variation can permit transitions between alternative states, potentially facilitating range expansion. We show this for variation in dispersal, using simple source-sink population models (with strong Allee effects, or with gene flow hampering local adaptation). Temporal variation enhances extinction risk owing to demographic stochasticity, rare events, and loss of genetic variation, all tending to shrink ranges. However, specific adaptations to exploit variation (including dispersal) may permit larger ranges than in similar but constant environments. Grappling with temporal variation is essential both to understand eco-evolutionary dynamics at range limits and to guide conservation and management strategies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Holt
- Department of Biology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Barfield
- Department of Biology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - James H. Peniston
- Department of Biology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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15
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Rafajlović M, Alexander JM, Butlin RK, Johannesson K. Preface. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210491. [PMID: 35067096 PMCID: PMC8784923 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jake M. Alexander
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger K. Butlin
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
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