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Nguyen TD, Mellander L, Lork A, Thomen A, Philipsen M, Kurczy ME, Phan NT, Ewing AG. Visualization of Partial Exocytotic Content Release and Chemical Transport into Nanovesicles in Cells. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4831-4842. [PMID: 35189057 PMCID: PMC8945366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, "all-or-none" and "kiss-and-run" were thought to be the only major exocytotic release modes in cell-to-cell communication, while the significance of partial release has not yet been widely recognized and accepted owing to the lack of direct evidence for exocytotic partial release. Correlative imaging with transmission electron microscopy and NanoSIMS imaging and a dual stable isotope labeling approach was used to study the cargo status of vesicles before and after exocytosis; demonstrating a measurable loss of transmitter in individual vesicles following stimulation due to partial release. Model secretory cells were incubated with 13C-labeled l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, resulting in the loading of 13C-labeled dopamine into their vesicles. A second label, di-N-desethylamiodarone, having the stable isotope 127I, was introduced during stimulation. A significant drop in the level of 13C-labeled dopamine and a reduction in vesicle size, with an increasing level of 127I-, was observed in vesicles of stimulated cells. Colocalization of 13C and 127I- in several vesicles was observed after stimulation. Thus, chemical visualization shows transient opening of vesicles to the exterior of the cell without full release the dopamine cargo. We present a direct calculation for the fraction of neurotransmitter release from combined imaging data. The average vesicular release is 60% of the total catecholamine. An important observation is that extracellular molecules can be introduced to cells during the partial exocytotic release process. This nonendocytic transport process appears to be a general route of entry that might be exploited pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho Duc
Khanh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mellander
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Alicia Lork
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Aurélien Thomen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Mai Philipsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism
(CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg S-431 83, Sweden
| | - Nhu T.N. Phan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- E-mail:
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Eriksson M, Rafajlović M. The role of phenotypic plasticity in the establishment of range margins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210012. [PMID: 35067091 PMCID: PMC8784930 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been argued that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may facilitate range expansions over spatially and temporally variable environments. However, plasticity may induce fitness costs. This may hinder the evolution of plasticity. Earlier modelling studies examined the role of plasticity during range expansions of populations with fixed genetic variance. However, genetic variance evolves in natural populations. This may critically alter model outcomes. We ask: how does the capacity for plasticity in populations with evolving genetic variance alter range margins that populations without the capacity for plasticity are expected to attain? We answered this question using computer simulations and analytical approximations. We found a critical plasticity cost above which the capacity for plasticity has no impact on the expected range of the population. Below the critical cost, by contrast, plasticity facilitates range expansion, extending the range in comparison to that expected for populations without plasticity. We further found that populations may evolve plasticity to buffer temporal environmental fluctuations, but only when the plasticity cost is below the critical cost. Thus, the cost of plasticity is a key factor involved in range expansions of populations with the potential to express plastic response in the adaptive trait. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eriksson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Torsional stress on DNA, introduced by molecular motors, constitutes an important regulatory mechanism of transcriptional control. Torsional stress can modulate specific binding of transcription factors to DNA and introduce local conformational changes that facilitate the opening of promoters and nucleosome remodelling. Using all-atom microsecond scale molecular dynamics simulations together with a torsional restraint that controls the total twist of a DNA fragment, we address the impact of torsional stress on DNA complexation with a human BZIP transcription factor, MafB. We gradually over- and underwind DNA alone and in complex with MafB by 0.5° per dinucleotide step, starting from the relaxed state to a maximum of 5° per dinucleotide step, monitoring the evolution of the protein-DNA contacts at different degrees of torsional strain. Our computations show that MafB changes the DNA sequence-specific response to torsional stress. The dinucleotide steps that are susceptible to absorbing most of the torsional stress become more torsionally rigid, as they are involved in protein-DNA contacts. Also, the protein undergoes substantial conformational changes to follow the stress-induced DNA deformation, but mostly maintains the specific contacts with DNA. This results in a significant asymmetric increase of free energy of DNA twisting transitions, relative to free DNA, where overtwisting is more energetically unfavourable. Our data suggest that specifically bound BZIP factors could act as torsional stress insulators, modulating the propagation of torsional stress along the chromatin fibre, which might promote cooperative binding of collaborative DNA-binding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hörberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Reymer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Jagers SC, Matti S, Crépin AS, Langlet D, Havenhand JN, Troell M, Filipsson HL, Galaz VR, Anderson LG. Societal causes of, and responses to, ocean acidification. Ambio 2019; 48:816-830. [PMID: 30430407 PMCID: PMC6541573 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Major climate and ecological changes affect the world's oceans leading to a number of responses including increasing water temperatures, changing weather patterns, shrinking ice-sheets, temperature-driven shifts in marine species ranges, biodiversity loss and bleaching of coral reefs. In addition, ocean pH is falling, a process known as ocean acidification (OA). The root cause of OA lies in human policies and behaviours driving society's dependence on fossil fuels, resulting in elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. In this review, we detail the state of knowledge of the causes of, and potential responses to, OA with particular focus on Swedish coastal seas. We also discuss present knowledge gaps and implementation needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverker C. Jagers
- Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 711, Sprängkullsgatan 19, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simon Matti
- Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 711, Sprängkullsgatan 19, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Political Science Unit, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sophie Crépin
- The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2 B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Langlet
- Department of Law, University of Gothenburg, Box 650, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan N. Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2 B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Victor R. Galaz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2 B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif G. Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
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Havenhand JN, Filipsson HL, Niiranen S, Troell M, Crépin AS, Jagers S, Langlet D, Matti S, Turner D, Winder M, de Wit P, Anderson LG. Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification: Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System. Ambio 2019; 48:831-854. [PMID: 30506502 PMCID: PMC6541583 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Susa Niiranen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Troell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sophie Crépin
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Lilla Frescativägen 4, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sverker Jagers
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 711, Sprängkullsgatan 19, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Langlet
- Department of Law, University of Gothenburg, Box 650, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Matti
- Department of Political Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - David Turner
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre de Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, 45296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif G. Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Boxhammer T, Taucher J, Bach LT, Achterberg EP, Algueró-Muñiz M, Bellworthy J, Czerny J, Esposito M, Haunost M, Hellemann D, Ludwig A, Yong JC, Zark M, Riebesell U, Anderson LG. Enhanced transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels caused by ocean acidification and its implications for export production: A mass balance approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197502. [PMID: 29799856 PMCID: PMC5969766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing acidification of the ocean through uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is known to affect marine biota and ecosystems with largely unknown consequences for marine food webs. Changes in food web structure have the potential to alter trophic transfer, partitioning, and biogeochemical cycling of elements in the ocean. Here we investigated the impact of realistic end-of-the-century CO2 concentrations on the development and partitioning of the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica pools in a coastal pelagic ecosystem (Gullmar Fjord, Sweden). We covered the entire winter-to-summer plankton succession (100 days) in two sets of five pelagic mesocosms, with one set being CO2 enriched (~760 μatm pCO2) and the other one left at ambient CO2 concentrations. Elemental mass balances were calculated and we highlight important challenges and uncertainties we have faced in the closed mesocosm system. Our key observations under high CO2 were: (1) A significantly amplified transfer of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from primary producers to higher trophic levels, during times of regenerated primary production. (2) A prolonged retention of all three elements in the pelagic food web that significantly reduced nitrogen and phosphorus sedimentation by about 11 and 9%, respectively. (3) A positive trend in carbon fixation (relative to nitrogen) that appeared in the particulate matter pool as well as the downward particle flux. This excess carbon counteracted a potential reduction in carbon sedimentation that could have been expected from patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes. Our findings highlight the potential for ocean acidification to alter partitioning and cycling of carbon and nutrients in the surface ocean but also show that impacts are temporarily variable and likely depending upon the structure of the plankton food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Boxhammer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Taucher
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart T. Bach
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - María Algueró-Muñiz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biological Institute Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Jessica Bellworthy
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Czerny
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mario Esposito
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Haunost
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Hellemann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Ludwig
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jaw C. Yong
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Zark
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif G. Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bach LT, Taucher J, Boxhammer T, Ludwig A, Achterberg EP, Algueró-Muñiz M, Anderson LG, Bellworthy J, Büdenbender J, Czerny J, Ericson Y, Esposito M, Fischer M, Haunost M, Hellemann D, Horn HG, Hornick T, Meyer J, Sswat M, Zark M, Riebesell U. Influence of Ocean Acidification on a Natural Winter-to-Summer Plankton Succession: First Insights from a Long-Term Mesocosm Study Draw Attention to Periods of Low Nutrient Concentrations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159068. [PMID: 27525979 PMCID: PMC4985126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, the oceans absorb about 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) leading to a re-equilibration of the marine carbonate system and decreasing seawater pH. Today, there is increasing awareness that these changes–summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)–could differentially affect the competitive ability of marine organisms, thereby provoking a restructuring of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical element cycles. In winter 2013, we deployed ten pelagic mesocosms in the Gullmar Fjord at the Swedish west coast in order to study the effect of OA on plankton ecology and biogeochemistry under close to natural conditions. Five of the ten mesocosms were left unperturbed and served as controls (~380 μatm pCO2), whereas the others were enriched with CO2-saturated water to simulate realistic end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions (~760 μatm pCO2). We ran the experiment for 113 days which allowed us to study the influence of high CO2 on an entire winter-to-summer plankton succession and to investigate the potential of some plankton organisms for evolutionary adaptation to OA in their natural environment. This paper is the first in a PLOS collection and provides a detailed overview on the experimental design, important events, and the key complexities of such a “long-term mesocosm” approach. Furthermore, we analyzed whether simulated end-of-the-century carbonate chemistry conditions could lead to a significant restructuring of the plankton community in the course of the succession. At the level of detail analyzed in this overview paper we found that CO2-induced differences in plankton community composition were non-detectable during most of the succession except for a period where a phytoplankton bloom was fueled by remineralized nutrients. These results indicate: (1) Long-term studies with pelagic ecosystems are necessary to uncover OA-sensitive stages of succession. (2) Plankton communities fueled by regenerated nutrients may be more responsive to changing carbonate chemistry than those having access to high inorganic nutrient concentrations and may deserve particular attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T. Bach
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Taucher
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Boxhammer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Ludwig
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - María Algueró-Muñiz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Leif G. Anderson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Bellworthy
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Büdenbender
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Czerny
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ylva Ericson
- The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Mario Esposito
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mathias Haunost
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Hellemann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henriette G. Horn
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Thomas Hornick
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Experimental Limnology, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Jana Meyer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Sswat
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Zark
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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