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Fogaça-da-Mata M, Martínez-Barrios E, Jiménez-Montañés L, Cruzalegui J, Chipa-Ccasani F, Greco A, Cesar S, Díez-Escuté N, Cerralbo P, Zschaeck I, Clavero Adell M, Ayerza-Casas A, Palanca-Arias D, López M, Campuzano O, Brugada J, Sarquella-Brugada G. Brugada Syndrome and Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Interventricular Septum: Fortuitous Finding or New Genetic Connection? Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:638. [PMID: 38790267 PMCID: PMC11121103 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is a rare arrhythmogenic syndrome associated mainly with pathogenic variants in the SCN5A gene. Right ventricle outflow tract fibrosis has been reported in some cases of patients diagnosed with Brugada syndrome. Pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum is characterized by the lack of a functional pulmonary valve, due to the underdevelopment of the right ventricle outflow tract. We report, for the first time, a 4-year-old boy with pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum who harbored a pathogenic de novo variant in SCN5A, and the ajmaline test unmasked a type-1 Brugada pattern. We suggest that deleterious variants in the SCN5A gene could be implicated in pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum embryogenesis, leading to overlapping phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fogaça-da-Mata
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, 1449-005 Lisbon, Portugal
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Barrios
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Jiménez-Montañés
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.J.-M.); (M.C.A.); (A.A.-C.); (D.P.-A.); (M.L.)
| | - José Cruzalegui
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fredy Chipa-Ccasani
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Greco
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Cesar
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Díez-Escuté
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Cerralbo
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Zschaeck
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Clavero Adell
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.J.-M.); (M.C.A.); (A.A.-C.); (D.P.-A.); (M.L.)
| | - Ariadna Ayerza-Casas
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.J.-M.); (M.C.A.); (A.A.-C.); (D.P.-A.); (M.L.)
| | - Daniel Palanca-Arias
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.J.-M.); (M.C.A.); (A.A.-C.); (D.P.-A.); (M.L.)
| | - Marta López
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.J.-M.); (M.C.A.); (A.A.-C.); (D.P.-A.); (M.L.)
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona—IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Arrhythmia, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.-d.-M.); (E.M.-B.); (J.C.); (F.C.-C.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (N.D.-E.); (P.C.); (I.Z.)
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort Sobtada, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39–57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Surgery and Medico-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Chinthalapudi K, Biswas R, López-Serrano A, Huang HL, Ramirez-Navarro A, Grandinetti G, Heissler S, Deschênes I. Structural basis of human Na v1.5 gating mechanisms. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3985999. [PMID: 38659812 PMCID: PMC11042394 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3985999/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Nav1.5 channels are central to the generation and propagation of cardiac action potentials1. Aberrations in their function are associated with a wide spectrum of cardiac diseases including arrhythmias and heart failure2-5. Despite decades of progress in Nav1.5 biology6-8, the lack of structural insights into intracellular regions has hampered our understanding of its gating mechanisms. Here we present three cryo-EM structures of human Nav1.5 in previously unanticipated open states, revealing sequential conformational changes in gating charges of the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) and several intracellular regions. Despite the channel being in the open state, these structures show the IFM motif repositioned in the receptor site but not dislodged. In particular, our structural findings highlight a dynamic C-terminal domain (CTD) and III-IV linker interaction, which regulates the conformation of VSDs and pore opening. Electrophysiological studies confirm that disrupting this interaction results in the fast inactivation of Nav1.5. Together, our structure-function studies establish a foundation for understanding the gating mechanisms of Nav1.5 and the mechanisms underlying CTD-related channelopathies.
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Lei M, Salvage SC, Jackson AP, Huang CLH. Cardiac arrhythmogenesis: roles of ion channels and their functional modification. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1342761. [PMID: 38505707 PMCID: PMC10949183 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1342761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias cause significant morbidity and mortality and pose a major public health problem. They arise from disruptions in the normally orderly propagation of cardiac electrophysiological activation and recovery through successive cardiomyocytes in the heart. They reflect abnormalities in automaticity, initiation, conduction, or recovery in cardiomyocyte excitation. The latter properties are dependent on surface membrane electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiac action potential. Their disruption results from spatial or temporal instabilities and heterogeneities in the generation and propagation of cellular excitation. These arise from abnormal function in their underlying surface membrane, ion channels, and transporters, as well as the interactions between them. The latter, in turn, form common regulatory targets for the hierarchical network of diverse signaling mechanisms reviewed here. In addition to direct molecular-level pharmacological or physiological actions on these surface membrane biomolecules, accessory, adhesion, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal anchoring proteins modify both their properties and localization. At the cellular level of excitation-contraction coupling processes, Ca2+ homeostatic and phosphorylation processes affect channel activity and membrane excitability directly or through intermediate signaling. Systems-level autonomic cellular signaling exerts both acute channel and longer-term actions on channel expression. Further upstream intermediaries from metabolic changes modulate the channels both themselves and through modifying Ca2+ homeostasis. Finally, longer-term organ-level inflammatory and structural changes, such as fibrotic and hypertrophic remodeling, similarly can influence all these physiological processes with potential pro-arrhythmic consequences. These normal physiological processes may target either individual or groups of ionic channel species and alter with particular pathological conditions. They are also potentially alterable by direct pharmacological action, or effects on longer-term targets modifying protein or cofactor structure, expression, or localization. Their participating specific biomolecules, often clarified in experimental genetically modified models, thus constitute potential therapeutic targets. The insights clarified by the physiological and pharmacological framework outlined here provide a basis for a recent modernized drug classification. Together, they offer a translational framework for current drug understanding. This would facilitate future mechanistically directed therapeutic advances, for which a number of examples are considered here. The latter are potentially useful for treating cardiac, in particular arrhythmic, disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha C. Salvage
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antony P. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Vašků A, Novotný T, Špinar J. Polymorphic Variants of SCN5A Gene (rs41312433 and rs1805124) Associated with Coronary Artery Affliction in Patients with Severe Arrhythmias. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:200. [PMID: 38397190 PMCID: PMC10887539 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several mutations in this gene for the α subunit of the cardiac sodium channel have been identified in a heterogeneous subset of cardiac rhythm syndromes, including Brugada syndrome, progressive cardiac conduction defect, sick sinus node syndrome, atrial fibrillation and dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of our study was to associate some SCN5A polymorphic variants directly with confirmed coronary stenoses in patients with non-LQTS ventricular fibrillation/flutter treated by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 32 unrelated individuals, aged 63 ± 12 years, was included in the study. All the patients were examined, diagnosed and treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator at the Department of Internal Cardiology Medicine, Faculty Hospital Brno. The control group included 87 persons of similar age without afflicted coronary circulation, which was confirmed coronagraphically. Genomic DNA was extracted from samples of peripheral blood according to the standard protocol. Two SCN5A polymorphisms-IVS9-3C/A (rs41312433) and A1673G (rs1805124, H558R)-were examined in association with coronary artery stenosis in the patients. RESULTS In the case-control study, no significant differences in genotype distribution/allelic frequencies were observed for IVS9-3c>a and A1673G gene polymorphisms between patients with severe arrhythmias and healthy persons. The distribution of SCN5A double genotypes was not significantly different among different types of arrhythmias according to their ejection fraction in arrhythmic patients (p = 0.396). The ventricular arrhythmias with an ejection fraction below 40% were found to be 10.67 times more frequent in patients with multiple coronary stenosis with clinically valid sensitivity, specificity and power tests. In the genotype-phenotype study, we observed a significant association of both SCN5A polymorphisms with the stenosis of coronary vessels in the patients with severe arrhythmia. The double genotype of polymorphisms IVS9-3C/A together with A1673G (CCAA) as well as their simple genotypes were associated with significant multiple stenosis of coronary arteries (MVS) with high sensitivity and specificity (p = 0.05; OR = 5 (95% CI 0.99-23.34); sensitivity 0.70; specificity 0.682; power test 0.359) Moreover, when a concrete stenotic coronary artery was associated with SCN5A genotypes, the CCAA double genotype was observed to be five times more frequent in patients with significant stenosis in the right coronary artery (RCA) compared to those without affliction of this coronary artery (p = 0.05; OR = 5 (95% CI 0.99-23.34); sensitivity 0.682; specificity 0.700; power test 0.359). The CCAA genotype was also more frequent in patients without RCA affliction with MVS (p = 0.008); in patients with ACD affliction but without MVS (p = 0.008); and in patients with both ACD affliction and MVS compared to those without ACD affliction and MVS (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a highly sensitive and specific association of two polymorphisms in SCN5A with significant coronary artery stenoses in patients with potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. At the same time, these polymorphisms were not associated with arrhythmias themselves. Thus, SCN5A gene polymorphic variants may form a part of germ cell gene predisposition to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vašků
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Novotný
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jindřich Špinar
- First Department of Internal Medicine—Cardioangiology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
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de Cássia Collaço R, Lammens M, Blevins C, Rodgers K, Gurau A, Yamauchi S, Kim C, Forrester J, Liu E, Ha J, Mei Y, Boehm C, Wohler E, Sobreira N, Rowe PC, Valle D, Brock MV, Bosmans F. Anxiety and dysautonomia symptoms in patients with a Na V1.7 mutation and the potential benefits of low-dose short-acting guanfacine. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:191-201. [PMID: 38064009 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-01004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Guanfacine is an α2A-adrenergic receptor agonist, FDA-approved to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and high blood pressure, typically as an extended-release formulation up to 7 mg/day. In our dysautonomia clinic, we observed that off-label use of short-acting guanfacine at 1 mg/day facilitated symptom relief in two families with multiple members presenting with severe generalized anxiety. We also noted anecdotal improvements in associated dysautonomia symptoms such as hyperhidrosis, cognitive impairment, and palpitations. We postulated that a genetic deficit existed in these patients that might augment guanfacine susceptibility. METHODS We used whole-exome sequencing to identify mutations in patients with shared generalized anxiety and dysautonomia symptoms. Guanfacine-induced changes in the function of voltage-gated Na+ channels were investigated using voltage-clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing uncovered the p.I739V mutation in SCN9A in the proband of two nonrelated families. Moreover, guanfacine inhibited ionic currents evoked by wild-type and mutant NaV1.7 encoded by SCN9A, as well as other NaV channel subtypes to a varying degree. CONCLUSION Our study provides further evidence for a possible pathophysiological role of NaV1.7 in anxiety and dysautonomia. Combined with off-target effects on NaV channel function, daily administration of 1 mg short-acting guanfacine may be sufficient to normalize NaV channel mutation-induced changes in sympathetic activity, perhaps aided by partial inhibition of NaV1.7 or other channel subtypes. In a broader context, expanding genetic and functional data about ion channel aberrations may enable the prospect of stratifying patients in which mutation-induced increased sympathetic tone normalization by guanfacine can support treatment strategies for anxiety and dysautonomia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Collaço
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Lammens
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carley Blevins
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Rodgers
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrei Gurau
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suguru Yamauchi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeannine Forrester
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinny Ha
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuping Mei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corrine Boehm
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frank Bosmans
- Molecular Physiology and Neurophysics Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Ye T, Song Z, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Yu Y, Yu F, Chu Y, Shi J, Wang L, Zhang C, Liu X, Yang B, Yang J, Wang X. TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast prevents atrial fibrillation in rat models of pulmonary hypertension. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102840. [PMID: 38160478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in pulmonary hypertension (PH), whereas the mechanisms and treatments remain to be explored. TRPV2 regulates the structure and function of the cardiovascular system; however, little attention has been given to its role in AF. This study was to determine whether TRPV2 was involved in PH-induced AF and the effects of TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast on AF in rat models of PH. Monocrotaline (MCT) and SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PH models were performed to detect atrial electrophysiological parameters. Daily tranilast (a TRPV2 inhibitor) or saline was given starting 1 day before PH establishment. PH increased the susceptibility to AF, with TRPV2 up-regulated in the right atria. Compared to PH rats, tranilast reduced AF inducibility and the prolongations of ERP and APD; mitigated cardiopulmonary remodeling and the increases in P-wave duration and P-R interval; partially reversed the down-regulation of ion channels such as Cav1.2, Nav1.5, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, Kv1.5, Kir2.1, Kir3.1, Kir3.4 as well as connexin (Cx) 40 and Cx43; improved right atrial (RA) fibrosis, enlargement, and myocardial hypertrophy; decreased the accumulation of inflammatory cells; down-regulated inflammatory indicators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2; and inhibited the activation of the PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results reveal that TRPV2 participates in PH-induced AF, and TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast prevents PH-induced RA remodeling. TRPV2 might be a promising target for PH-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhuonan Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fangcong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanan Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaran Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Longbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jinxiu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Harraz OF, Delpire E. Recent insights into channelopathies. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:23-31. [PMID: 37561136 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Buerki SE, Haas C, Neubauer J. Exome analysis focusing on epilepsy-related genes in children and adults with sudden unexplained death. Seizure 2023; 113:66-75. [PMID: 37995443 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic studies in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden unexplained death (SUD) cohorts have indicated that cardiovascular diseases might have contributed to sudden unexpected death in 20-35 % of autopsy-negative cases. Sudden unexpected death can also occur in people with epilepsy, termed as sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The pathophysiological mechanisms of SUDEP are not well understood, but are likely multifactorial, including seizure-induced hypoventilation and arrhythmias as well as genetic risk factors. The sudden death of some of the SIDS/SUD victims might also be explained by genetic epilepsy, therefore this study aimed to expand the post-mortem genetic analysis of SIDS/SUD cases to epilepsy-related genes. METHODS Existing whole-exome sequencing data from our 155 SIDS and 45 SUD cases were analyzed, with a focus on 365 epilepsy-related genes. Nine of the SUD victims had a known medical history of epilepsy, seizures or other underlying neurological conditions and were therefore classified as SUDEP cases. RESULTS In our SIDS and SUD cohorts, we found epilepsy-related pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the genes OPA1, RAI1, SCN3A, SCN5A and TSC2. CONCLUSION Post-mortem analysis of epilepsy-related genes identified potentially disease-causing variants that might have contributed to the sudden death events in our SIDS/SUD cases. However, the interpretation of identified variants remains challenging and often changes over time as more data is gathered. Overall, this study contributes insight in potentially pathophysiological epilepsy-related mechanisms in SIDS, SUD and SUDEP victims and underlines the importance of sensible counselling on the risk and preventive measures in genetic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Buerki
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Haas
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wang S, Zhang Z, He J, Liu J, Guo X, Chu H, Xu H, Wang Y. Comprehensive review on gene mutations contributing to dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1296389. [PMID: 38107262 PMCID: PMC10722203 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1296389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common primary myocardial diseases. However, to this day, it remains an enigmatic cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by ventricular dilatation, which leads to myocardial contractile dysfunction. It is the most common cause of chronic congestive heart failure and the most frequent indication for heart transplantation in young individuals. Genetics and various other factors play significant roles in the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy, and variants in more than 50 genes have been associated with the disease. However, the etiology of a large number of cases remains elusive. Numerous studies have been conducted on the genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. These genetic studies suggest that mutations in genes for fibronectin, cytoskeletal proteins, and myosin in cardiomyocytes play a key role in the development of DCM. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the genetic basis, mechanisms, and research advances in genes that have been strongly associated with DCM based on evidence-based medicine. We also emphasize the important role of gene sequencing in therapy for potential early diagnosis and improved clinical management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Jiahuan He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoxuan Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanchi Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang J, Huang P, Yu Q, Lu J, Liu P, Yang Y, Feng Z, Cai J, Yang G, Yuan H, Tang H, Lu Y. Epilepsy and long-term risk of arrhythmias. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3374-3382. [PMID: 37602368 PMCID: PMC10499547 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous evidence has mainly supported transient changes in cardiac function during interictal or peri-ictal phases in people with epilepsy, but the long-term risk of cardiac arrhythmias is poorly described. This study aimed to assess the long-term association of epilepsy with cardiac arrhythmias, considering the potential role of genetic predisposition and antiseizure medications (ASMs) in any associations observed. METHODS This population-based study evaluated UK Biobank data for individuals recruited between 2006 and 2010. Cox proportional hazards models and competing risk models were used to examine the association of epilepsy history with the long-term incidence risk of cardiac arrhythmias and arrhythmias subtypes. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated to investigate the effect of genetic susceptibility. The role of ASMs was also evaluated by integrating observational and drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) evidence. RESULTS The study included 329 432 individuals, including 2699 people with epilepsy. Compared with those without epilepsy, people with epilepsy experienced an increased risk of all cardiac arrhythmias [hazard ratio (HR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.53], atrial fibrillation (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.46), and other cardiac arrhythmias (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.34-1.81). The associations were not modified by genetic predisposition as indicated by PRS. Competing and sensitivity analyses corroborated these results. Individuals with epilepsy using ASMs, especially carbamazepine and valproic acid, were at a higher risk for cardiac arrhythmias. This observation was further supported by drug target MR results (PSMR < .05 and PHEIDI > .05). CONCLUSION This study revealed the higher risk of cardiac arrhythmias persists long term in people with epilepsy, especially among those using carbamazepine and valproic acid. These findings highlight the need for regular heart rhythm monitoring and management in people with epilepsy in order to reduce the risk of further cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Peiyuan Huang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Qingwei Yu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Pinbo Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zeying Feng
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Haibo Tang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Huang CLH, Lei M. Cardiomyocyte electrophysiology and its modulation: current views and future prospects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220160. [PMID: 37122224 PMCID: PMC10150219 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms are of key physiological and clinical interest. This introductory article begins from Sylvio Weidmann's key historic 1950s microelectrode measurements of cardiac electrophysiological activity and Singh & Vaughan Williams's classification of cardiotropic targets. It then proceeds to introduce the insights into cardiomyocyte function and its regulation that subsequently emerged and their therapeutic implications. We recapitulate the resulting view that surface membrane electrophysiological events underlying cardiac excitation and its initiation, conduction and recovery constitute the final common path for the cellular mechanisms that impinge upon this normal or abnormal cardiac electrophysiological activity. We then consider progress in the more recently characterized successive regulatory hierarchies involving Ca2+ homeostasis, excitation-contraction coupling and autonomic G-protein signalling and their often reciprocal interactions with the surface membrane events, and their circadian rhythms. Then follow accounts of longer-term upstream modulation processes involving altered channel expression, cardiomyocyte energetics and hypertrophic and fibrotic cardiac remodelling. Consideration of these developments introduces each of the articles in this Phil. Trans. B theme issue. The findings contained in these articles translate naturally into recent classifications of cardiac electrophysiological targets and drug actions, thereby encouraging future iterations of experimental cardiac electrophysiological discovery, and testing directed towards clinical management. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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