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Alatrash R, Herrera BB. The Adaptive Immune Response against Bunyavirales. Viruses 2024; 16:483. [PMID: 38543848 PMCID: PMC10974645 DOI: 10.3390/v16030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bunyavirales order includes at least fourteen families with diverse but related viruses, which are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by arthropod or rodent vectors. These viruses are responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks worldwide and represent a threat to public health. Infection in humans can be asymptomatic, or it may present with a range of conditions from a mild, febrile illness to severe hemorrhagic syndromes and/or neurological complications. There is a need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the adaptive immune responses involved during infection. This review highlights the most recent findings regarding T cell and antibody responses to the five Bunyavirales families with known human pathogens (Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Arenaviridae). Future studies that define and characterize mechanistic correlates of protection against Bunyavirales infections or disease will help inform the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alatrash
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Plyusnin A, Kedari A, Rissanen I, Iheozor-Ejiofor RP, Lundkvist Å, Vapalahti O, Levanov L. Validation of an antigenic site targeted by monoclonal antibodies against Puumala virus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37801017 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of B-cell epitopes facilitates the development of vaccines, therapeutic antibodies and diagnostic tools. Previously, the binding site of the bank vole monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4G2 against Puumala virus (PUUV, an orthohantavirus in the Hantaviridae family of the Bunyavirales order) was predicted using a combination of methods, including pepscan, phage-display, and site-directed mutagenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles pseudotyped with Gn and Gc glycoproteins from PUUV. These techniques led to the identification of the neutralization escape mutation F915A. To our surprise, a recent crystal structure of PUUV Gc in complex with Fab 4G2 revealed that residue F915 is distal from epitope of mAb 4G2. To clarify this issue and explore potential explanations for the inconsistency, we designed a mutagenesis experiment to probe the 4G2 epitope, with three PUUV pseudoviruses carrying amino acid changes E725A, S944F, and S946F, located within the structure-based 4G2 epitope on the Gc. These amino acid changes were able to convey neutralization escape from 4G2, and S944F and S946F also conveyed escape from neutralization by human mAb 1C9. Furthermore, our mapping of all the known neutralization evasion sites from hantaviral Gcs onto PUUV Gc revealed that over 60 % of these sites reside within or close to the epitope of mAb 4G2, indicating that this region may represent a crucial area targeted by neutralizing antibodies against PUUV, and to a lesser extent, other hantaviruses. The identification of this site of vulnerability could guide the creation of subunit vaccines against PUUV and other hantaviruses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plyusnin
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwini Kedari
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Rissanen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Microbiology-Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lev Levanov
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ning T, Huang W, Min L, Yang Y, Liu S, Xu J, Zhang N, Xie SA, Zhu S, Wang Y. Pseudotyped Viruses for Orthohantavirus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:229-252. [PMID: 36920700 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses, members of the Orthohantavirus genus of Hantaviridae family of the Bunyavirales order, are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded, tripartite RNA viruses. They are emerging zoonotic pathogens carried by small mammals including rodents, moles, shrews, and bats and are the etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) among humans. With the characteristics of low biological risk but strong operability, a variety of pseudotyped viruses have been constructed as alternatives to authentic orthohantaviruses to help delineate the roles of host factors in viral entry and other virus-host interactions, to assist in deciphering mechanisms of immune response and correlates of protection, to enhance our understanding of viral antigenic property, to characterize viral entry inhibitors, and to be developed as vaccines. In this chapter, we will discuss the general property of orthohantavirus, construction of pseudotyped orthohantaviruses based on different packaging systems, and their current applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Junxuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Si-An Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Youchun Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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4
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T-cell epitope-based vaccine designing against Orthohantavirus: a causative agent of deadly cardio-pulmonary disease. NETWORK MODELING AND ANALYSIS IN HEALTH INFORMATICS AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 34900515 PMCID: PMC8649322 DOI: 10.1007/s13721-021-00339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orthohantavirus, a zoonotic virus responsible for causing human cardio-pulmonary disease, is proven to be a fatal disease. Due to the paucity of regimens to cure the disease and efficient management to eradicate this deadly virus, there is a constant need to expand in-silico approaches belonging to immunology domain to formulate best feasible peptide-based vaccine against it. In lieu of that, we have predicted and validated an epitope of nine-residue-long sequence “MIGLLSSRI”. The predicted epitope has shown best interactions with HLA alleles of MHC Class II proteins, namely HLA DRB1_0101, DRB1_0401, DRB1_0405, DRB1_0701, DRB1_0901, DRB1_1302, and DRB1_1501. The structure of the epitope was modeled by deploying PEPFOLD 3.5 and verified by Ramachandran plot analysis. Molecular docking and simulation studies reveal that this epitope has satisfactory binding scores, ACE value and global energies for docked complexes along with selectable range of RMSD and RMSF values. Also, the predicted epitope “MIGLLSSRI” exhibits population coverage of more than 62% in world population and maximum of 70% in the United States of America. In this intensive study, we have used many tools like AllergenFP, NETMHCII 3.2, VaxiJen, ToxinPred, PEPFOLD 3.5, DINC, IEDB-Population coverage, MHCPred and JCat server. Most of these tools are based on modern innovative statistical algorithms like HMM, ANN, ML, etc. that help in better predictions of putative candidates for vaccine crafting. This innovative methodology is facile, cost-effective and time-efficient, which could facilitate designing of a vaccine against this virus.
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Guardado-Calvo P, Rey FA. The surface glycoproteins of hantaviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 50:87-94. [PMID: 34418649 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses distributed worldwide, transmitted through the air and with the ability to spread from person to person. They maintain a non-symptomatic persistent infection in their rodent hosts, but their spillover to humans produces a renal or pulmonary syndrome associated with high fatality rates. Hantavirus particles are lipid-enveloped and display a characteristic surface lattice built up of tetragonal spikes composed of two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc. The pleomorphism of these particles has hindered cryo-EM efforts to obtain detailed structural information and only by using a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron tomography it was possible to build an atomic model of the surface lattice. Here we review these structural efforts and the unanticipated evolutionary relations between hantaviruses and alphaviruses highlighted by these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, and CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
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Yarovaya OI, Kovaleva KS, Zaykovskaya AA, Yashina LN, Scherbakova NS, Scherbakov DN, Borisevich SS, Zubkov FI, Antonova AS, Peshkov RY, Eltsov IV, Pyankov OV, Maksyutov RA, Salakhutdinov NF. New class of hantaan virus inhibitors based on conjugation of the isoindole fragment to (+)-camphor or (-)-fenchone hydrazonesv. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127926. [PMID: 33705902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the design and synthesis of camphor, fenchone, and norcamphor N-acylhydrazone derivatives as a new class of inhibitors of the Hantaan virus, which causes haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). A cytopathic model was developed for testing chemotherapeutics against the Hantaan virus, strain 76-118. In addition, a study of the antiviral activity was carried out using a pseudoviral system. It was found that the hit compound possesses significant activity (IC50 = 7.6 ± 2 µM) along with low toxicity (CC50 > 1000 µM). Using molecular docking procedures, the binding with Hantavirus nucleoprotein was evaluated and the correlation between the structure of the synthesised compounds and the antiviral activity was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Yarovaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev av., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Kovaleva
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev av., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna A Zaykovskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Liudmila N Yashina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Nadezda S Scherbakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Scherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Sophia S Borisevich
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, RAS, Octyabrya pr., 71, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Fedor I Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Roman Yu Peshkov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ilia V Eltsov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg V Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Rinat A Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrent'ev av., 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Rissanen I, Stass R, Krumm SA, Seow J, Hulswit RJG, Paesen GC, Hepojoki J, Vapalahti O, Lundkvist Å, Reynard O, Volchkov V, Doores KJ, Huiskonen JT, Bowden TA. Molecular rationale for antibody-mediated targeting of the hantavirus fusion glycoprotein. eLife 2020; 9:e58242. [PMID: 33349334 PMCID: PMC7755396 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate lattice of Gn and Gc glycoprotein spike complexes on the hantavirus envelope facilitates host-cell entry and is the primary target of the neutralizing antibody-mediated immune response. Through study of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody termed mAb P-4G2, which neutralizes the zoonotic pathogen Puumala virus (PUUV), we provide a molecular-level basis for antibody-mediated targeting of the hantaviral glycoprotein lattice. Crystallographic analysis demonstrates that P-4G2 binds to a multi-domain site on PUUV Gc and may preclude fusogenic rearrangements of the glycoprotein that are required for host-cell entry. Furthermore, cryo-electron microscopy of PUUV-like particles in the presence of P-4G2 reveals a lattice-independent configuration of the Gc, demonstrating that P-4G2 perturbs the (Gn-Gc)4 lattice. This work provides a structure-based blueprint for rationalizing antibody-mediated targeting of hantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rissanen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, The Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Robert Stass
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefanie A Krumm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruben JG Hulswit
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Guido C Paesen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Departments of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Olivier Reynard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Viktor Volchkov
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Juha T Huiskonen
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, The Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. Hantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens found in parts of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America, which can cause renal and respiratory failure with fatality rates up to 40%. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases; however, it is evident that a robust neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on the neutralizing epitopes that exist on the hantavirus antigenic glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and sites important for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines. We provide a thorough summary of the hantavirus field from an immunological perspective. In particular, we discuss our current structural knowledge of antigenic proteins Gn and Gc, identification of B cell neutralizing epitopes, previously isolated monoclonal antibodies and their cross-reactivity between different hantavirus strains, and current developments toward vaccines and therapeutics. We conclude with some outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for additional studies of the human antibody response to hantavirus infection. IMPORTANCE Hantaviruses are pathogens that sometimes pass from animals to humans, and they are found in parts of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. When human infection occurs, these viruses can cause kidney or lung failure, and as many as 40% of infected people die. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutics for hantavirus-related diseases available. A first step in developing prevention measures is determining what type of immune response is protective. Increasingly it has become clear that the induction of a type of response called a neutralizing antibody response is critical for protection from severe disease. Although virologists first described this family of viruses in the 1950s, there is limited information on what features on the surface of hantaviruses are recognized by the immune system. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of this information, which is critical for the design of effective therapeutics and vaccines.
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Munis AM, Bentley EM, Takeuchi Y. A tool with many applications: vesicular stomatitis virus in research and medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1187-1201. [PMID: 32602788 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1787981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has long been a useful research tool in virology and recently become an essential part of medicinal products. Vesiculovirus research is growing quickly following its adaptation to clinical gene and cell therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the versatility of VSV as a research tool and biological reagent, its use as a viral and vaccine vector delivering therapeutic and immunogenic transgenes and an oncolytic virus aiding cancer treatment. Challenges such as the immune response against such advanced therapeutic medicinal products and manufacturing constraints are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The field of in vivo gene and cell therapy is advancing rapidly with VSV used in many ways. Comparison of VSV's use as a versatile therapeutic reagent unveils further prospects and problems for each application. Overcoming immunological challenges to aid repeated administration of viral vectors and minimizing harmful host-vector interactions remains one of the major challenges. In the future, exploitation of reverse genetic tools may assist the creation of recombinant viral variants that have improved onco-selectivity and more efficient vaccine vector activity. This will add to the preferential features of VSV as an excellent advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altar M Munis
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK.,Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control , South Mimms, UK
| | - Emma M Bentley
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control , South Mimms, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control , South Mimms, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London, UK
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Mittler E, Dieterle ME, Kleinfelter LM, Slough MM, Chandran K, Jangra RK. Hantavirus entry: Perspectives and recent advances. Adv Virus Res 2019; 104:185-224. [PMID: 31439149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens of public health importance that are found on all continents except Antarctica and are associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Old World and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the New World. Despite the significant disease burden they cause, no FDA-approved specific therapeutics or vaccines exist against these lethal viruses. The lack of available interventions is largely due to an incomplete understanding of hantavirus pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of virus replication, including cellular entry. Hantavirus Gn/Gc glycoproteins are the only viral proteins exposed on the surface of virions and are necessary and sufficient to orchestrate virus attachment and entry. In vitro studies have implicated integrins (β1-3), DAF/CD55, and gC1qR as candidate receptors that mediate viral attachment for both Old World and New World hantaviruses. Recently, protocadherin-1 (PCDH1) was demonstrated as a requirement for cellular attachment and entry of New World hantaviruses in vitro and lethal HPS in vivo, making it the first clade-specific host factor to be identified. Attachment of hantavirus particles to cellular receptors induces their internalization by clathrin-mediated, dynamin-independent, or macropinocytosis-like mechanisms, followed by particle trafficking to an endosomal compartment where the fusion of viral and endosomal membranes can occur. Following membrane fusion, which requires cholesterol and acid pH, viral nucleocapsids escape into the cytoplasm and launch genome replication. In this review, we discuss the current mechanistic understanding of hantavirus entry, highlight gaps in our existing knowledge, and suggest areas for future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mittler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lara M Kleinfelter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Megan M Slough
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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