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Fujii Y, Masatani T, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Okajima M, Izumi F, Sakoda Y, Takada A, Ozawa M, Sugiyama M, Ito N. Molecular characterization of an avian rotavirus a strain detected from a large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) in Japan. Virology 2024; 596:110114. [PMID: 38781709 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Avian rotaviruses A (RVAs) are occasionally transmitted to animals other than the original hosts across species barriers. Information on RVAs carried by various bird species is important for identifying the origin of such interspecies transmission. In this study, to facilitate an understanding of the ecology of RVAs from wild birds, we characterized all of the genes of an RVA strain, JC-105, that was detected in a fecal sample of a large-billed crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) in Japan. All of the genes of this strain except for the VP4 and VP7 genes, which were classified as novel genotypes (P[56] and G40, respectively), were closely related to those of the avian-like RVA strain detected from a raccoon, indicating the possibility that crows had been involved in the transmission of avian RVAs to raccoons. Our findings highlight the need for further viral investigations in wild birds and mammals to understand the mechanisms of avian-to-mammal RVA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujii
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Takahashi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Fumiki Izumi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Naoto Ito
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Mlingo TAM, Beeton-Kempen N, Nthangeni MB, Theron J, Mokoena NB. Genome sequences of the 15 bluetongue virus vaccine strains incorporated in the South African live-attenuated vaccine. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0022324. [PMID: 38771059 PMCID: PMC11237729 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00223-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue disease in endemic areas is predominantly controlled through vaccination with live-attenuated vaccines. Sequencing of the original master seed viruses used in the production of Onderstepoort Biological Products vaccine was conducted. Nucleotide identities of 82.97%-100% were obtained for all sequences when compared to South African reference strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendai A M Mlingo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Research and Development-Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - M Bethuel Nthangeni
- Research and Development-Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacques Theron
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nobalanda B Mokoena
- Research and Development-Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pitchers KG, Boakye OD, Campeotto I, Daly JM. The Potential of Plant-Produced Virus-like Particle Vaccines for African Horse Sickness and Other Equine Orbiviruses. Pathogens 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38921755 PMCID: PMC11206403 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
African horse sickness is a devastating viral disease of equids. It is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides with mortalities reaching over 90% in naïve horses. It is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and is seasonally endemic in many parts of southern Africa. However, outbreaks in Europe and Asia have occurred that caused significant economic issues. There are attenuated vaccines available for control of the virus but concerns regarding the safety and efficacy means that alternatives are sought. One promising alternative is the use of virus-like particles in vaccine preparations, which have the potential to be safer and more efficacious as vaccines against African horse sickness. These particles are best made in a complex, eukaryotic system, but due to technical challenges, this may cause significant economic strain on the developing countries most affected by the disease. Therefore, this review also summarises the success so far, and potential, of recombinant protein expression in plants to reduce the economic strain of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G. Pitchers
- One Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Oliver D. Boakye
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK; (O.D.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Campeotto
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK; (O.D.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Janet M. Daly
- One Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire LE12 5RD, UK;
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Chamsai E, Charoenkul K, Udom K, Jairak W, Chaiyawong S, Amonsin A. Genetic characterization and evidence for multiple reassortments of rotavirus A G3P[3] in dogs and cats in Thailand. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1415771. [PMID: 38855413 PMCID: PMC11157116 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals. The zoonotic potential of RVA has been reported and raises major concerns, especially in animal-human interface settings. The study aimed to characterize and investigate the genetic diversity among RVAs in dogs and cats in Thailand. We collected 572 rectal swab samples from dogs and cats in Bangkok animal hospitals from January 2020 to June 2021. The one-step RT-PCR assay detected RVAs in 1.92% (11/572) of the samples, with 2.75% (8/290) in dogs and 1.06% (3/282) in cats. Two canine RVA and one feline RVA were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Our results showed that all three viruses were identified as RVA genotype G3P[3]. The genetic constellation of RVAs is unique for different species. For canine RVAs is G3-P [3]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A9-N2-T3-E3-H6, while Feline RVA is G3-P [3]-I8-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6. Notably, both canine and feline RVAs contained the AU-1 genetic constellation with multiple reassortments. The results of phylogenetic, genetic, and bootscan analyses showed that canine RVAs may have reassorted from dog, human, and cat RVAs. While feline RVA was closely related to RVAs in humans, bats, and simians. This study provided genetic characteristics and diversity of RVAs in dogs and cats and suggested possible multiple reassortments, suggesting the zoonotic potential of the viruses. Thus, public health awareness should be raised regarding the zoonotic potential of RVAs in dogs and cats. Further studies on RVAs on a larger scale in dogs and cats in Thailand are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekkapat Chamsai
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Charoenkul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitikhun Udom
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleemas Jairak
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supassama Chaiyawong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, and One Health Research Cluster, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Nichols SL, Haller C, Borodavka A, Esstman SM. Rotavirus NSP2: A Master Orchestrator of Early Viral Particle Assembly. Viruses 2024; 16:814. [PMID: 38932107 PMCID: PMC11209291 DOI: 10.3390/v16060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are 11-segmented, double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses and important causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans and other animal species. Early RV particle assembly is a multi-step process that includes the assortment, packaging and replication of the 11 genome segments in close connection with capsid morphogenesis. This process occurs inside virally induced, cytosolic, membrane-less organelles called viroplasms. While many viral and cellular proteins play roles during early RV assembly, the octameric nonstructural protein 2 (NSP2) has emerged as a master orchestrator of this key stage of the viral replication cycle. NSP2 is critical for viroplasm biogenesis as well as for the selective RNA-RNA interactions that underpin the assortment of 11 viral genome segments. Moreover, NSP2's associated enzymatic activities might serve to maintain nucleotide pools for use during viral genome replication, a process that is concurrent with early particle assembly. The goal of this review article is to summarize the available data about the structures, functions and interactions of RV NSP2 while also drawing attention to important unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Nichols
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Wake Downtown, 455 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA;
| | - Cyril Haller
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| | - Alexander Borodavka
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| | - Sarah M. Esstman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Wake Downtown, 455 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA;
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Shabbir MZ, Yu H, Lighty ME, Dunn PA, Wallner-Pendleton EA, Lu H. Diagnostic investigation of avian reovirus field variants circulating in broiler chickens in Pennsylvania of United States between 2017 and 2022. Avian Pathol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38629680 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2342889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) has been continuously affecting the poultry industry in Pennsylvania (PA) in recent years. This report provides our diagnostic investigation on monitoring ARV field variants from broiler chickens in Pennsylvania. Genomic characterization findings of 72 ARV field isolates obtained from broiler cases during the last 6 years indicated that six distinct cluster variant strains (genotype I-VI), which were genetically diverse and distant from the vaccine and vaccine-related field strains, continuously circulated in PA poultry. Most of the variants clustered within genotype V (24/72, 33.3%), followed by genotype II (16/72, 22.2%), genotype IV (13/72, 18.1%), genotype III (13/72, 18.1%), genotype VI (05/72, 6.94%), and genotype I (1/72, 1.38%). The amino acid identity between 72 field variants and the vaccine strains (1133, 1733, 2408, 2177) varied from 45.3% to 99.7%, while the difference in amino acid counts ranged from 1-164. Among the field variants, the amino acid identity and count difference ranged from 43.3% to 100% and 0 to 170, respectively. Variants within genotype V had maximum amino acid identity (94.7-100%), whereas none of the variants within genotypes II and VI were alike. These findings indicate the continuing occurrence of multiple ARV genotypes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Tianjin Ringpu Bio-Technology Co, Ltd., Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Megan E Lighty
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Ann Dunn
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Huaguang Lu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Ren N, Jin Q, Wang F, Huang D, Yang C, Zaman W, Salazar FV, Liu Q, Yuan Z, Xia H. Evaluation of vector susceptibility in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens to Tibet orbivirus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0006224. [PMID: 38530016 PMCID: PMC11036799 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00062-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses cause various infectious diseases in humans and animals. Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV), a newly identified arbovirus, efficiently replicates in different types of vertebrate and mosquito cells, with its neutralizing antibodies detected in cattle and goats. However, despite being isolated from Culicoides midges, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes, there has been a notable absence of systematic studies on its vector competence. Thus, in this study, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens were reared in the laboratory to measure vector susceptibility through blood-feeding infection. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was used to examine the overall alterations in the Ae. aegypti transcriptome following TIBOV infection. The results revealed that Ae. aegypti exhibited a high susceptibility to TIBOV compared to Cx. p. pallens. Effective replication of the virus in Ae. aegypti midguts occurred when the blood-feeding titer of TIBOV exceeded 105 plaque-forming units mL-1. Nevertheless, only a few TIBOV RNA-positive samples were detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti and Cx. p. pallens, suggesting that these mosquito species may not be the primary vectors for TIBOV. Moreover, at 2 dpi of TIBOV, numerous antimicrobial peptides downstream of the Toll and Imd signaling pathways were significantly downregulated in Ae. aegypti, indicating that TIBOV suppressed mosquitos' defense to survive in the vector at an early stage. Subsequently, the stress-activated protein kinase JNK, a crucial component of the MAPK signaling pathway, exhibited significant upregulation. Certain genes were also enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway in TIBOV-infected Ae. aegypti at 7 dpi.IMPORTANCETibet orbivirus (TIBOV) is an understudied arbovirus of the genus Orbivirus. Our study is the first-ever attempt to assess the vector susceptibility of this virus in two important mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens. Additionally, we present transcriptome data detailing the interaction between TIBOV and the immune system of Ae. aegypti, which expands the knowledge about orbivirus infection and its interaction with mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wahid Zaman
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Valusenko-Mehrkens R, Schilling-Loeffler K, Johne R, Falkenhagen A. VP4 Mutation Boosts Replication of Recombinant Human/Simian Rotavirus in Cell Culture. Viruses 2024; 16:565. [PMID: 38675907 PMCID: PMC11054354 DOI: 10.3390/v16040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea requiring hospitalization in children and causes over 100,000 annual deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to generate next-generation vaccines against African RVA genotypes, a reverse genetics system based on a simian rotavirus strain was utilized here to exchange the antigenic capsid proteins VP4, VP7 and VP6 with those of African human rotavirus field strains. One VP4/VP7/VP6 (genotypes G9-P[6]-I2) triple-reassortant was successfully rescued, but it replicated poorly in the first cell culture passages. However, the viral titer was enhanced upon further passaging. Whole genome sequencing of the passaged virus revealed a single point mutation (A797G), resulting in an amino acid exchange (E263G) in VP4. After introducing this mutation into the VP4-encoding plasmid, a VP4 mono-reassortant as well as the VP4/VP7/VP6 triple-reassortant replicated to high titers already in the first cell culture passage. However, the introduction of the same mutation into the VP4 of other human RVA strains did not improve the rescue of those reassortants, indicating strain specificity. The results show that specific point mutations in VP4 can substantially improve the rescue and replication of recombinant RVA reassortants in cell culture, which may be useful for the development of novel vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Falkenhagen
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (R.V.-M.); (K.S.-L.); (R.J.)
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Gutierrez MB, Arantes I, Bello G, Berto LH, Dutra LH, Kato RB, Fumian TM. Emergence and dissemination of equine-like G3P[8] rotavirus A in Brazil between 2015 and 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0370923. [PMID: 38451227 PMCID: PMC10986506 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis globally that is classically genotyped by its two immunodominant outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G-) and VP4 (P-). Recent evidence suggests that the reassortant equine-like G3P[8] strain played a substantial role in RVA transmission in Brazil since 2015. To understand its global emergence and dissemination in Brazilian territory, stool samples collected from 11 Brazilian states (n = 919) were genotyped by RT-qPCR and proceeded to sequence the VP7 gene (n = 102, 79 being newly generated) of the G3P[8] samples with pronounced viral loads. Our phylogenetic genotyping showed that G3P[8] became the dominant strain in Brazil between 2017 and 2020, with equine-like variants representing 75%-100% of VP7 samples in this period. A Bayesian discrete phylogeographic analysis strongly suggests that the equine-like G3P[8] strain originated in Asia during the early 2010s and subsequently spread to Europe, the Caribbean, and South America. Multiple introductions were detected in Brazil between 2014 and 2017, resulting in five national clusters. The reconstruction of the effective population size of the largest Brazilian cluster showed an expansion until 2017, followed by a plateau phase until 2019 and subsequent contraction. Our study also supports that most mutations fixed during equine-like G3P[8] evolution were synonymous, suggesting that adaptive evolution was not an important driving force during viral dissemination in humans, potentially increasing its susceptibility to acquired immunity. This research emphasizes the need for comprehensive rotavirus genomic surveillance that allows close monitoring of its ever-shifting composition and informs more effective public health policies.IMPORTANCEOur original article demonstrated the origin and spread in a short time of equine-like G3P[8] in Brazil and the world. Due to its segmented genome, it allows numerous mechanisms including genetic drift and reassortment contribute substantially to the genetic diversity of rotavirus. Although the effectiveness and increasing implementation of vaccination have not been questioned, a matter of concern is its impact on the emergence of escape mutants or even the spread of unusual strains of zoonotic transmission that could drive epidemic patterns worldwide. This research emphasizes the need for comprehensive rotavirus genomic surveillance, which could facilitate the formulation of public policies aimed at preventing and mitigating its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ighor Arantes
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Berto
- Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Hermes Dutra
- Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bentes Kato
- Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang Y, Lin X, Li C, Liu G, Wang S, Chen M, Wei X, Wen H, Tao Z, Xu Y. Metagenomic sequencing reveals viral diversity of mosquitoes from Shandong Province, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0393223. [PMID: 38466099 PMCID: PMC10986517 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03932-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes carry a large number of known and unknown viruses, some of which could cause serious diseases in humans or animals. Metagenomic sequencing for mosquito viromes is crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of viruses and preventing emerging mosquito-borne diseases. We collected 1,598 mosquitoes belonging to four species from five counties in Shandong Province, China in 2021. They were grouped by species and sampling locations and subjected to metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the analysis of the viromes. A total of 233,317,352 sequencing reads were classified into 30 viral families and an unclassified group. Comparative analysis showed that mosquitoes in Shandong Province generally possessed host-specific virome. We detected mosquito-borne viruses including Japanese encephalitis virus, Getah virus, and Kadipiro virus in Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these pathogenic viruses may have existed in mosquitoes in Shandong Province for a long time. Meanwhile, we identified 22 novel viruses belonging to seven families and the genus Negevirus. Our study comprehensively described the viromes of several common mosquito species in Shandong Province, China, and demonstrated the major role of host species in shaping mosquito viromes. Furthermore, the metagenomic data provided valuable epidemiological information on multiple mosquito-borne viruses, highlighting the potential risk of infection transmission. IMPORTANCE Mosquitoes are known as the source of various pathogens for humans and animals. Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Anopheles sinensis have been found to transmit the Getah virus, which has recently caused increasing infections in China. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens are the main vectors of Japanese encephalitis virus and have caused epidemics of Japanese encephalitis in China in past decades. These mosquitoes are widely present in Shandong Province, China, leading to a great threat to public health and the breeding industry. This study provided a comprehensive insight into the viromes of several common mosquito species in Shandong Province, China. The metagenomic sequencing data revealed the risks of multiple pathogenic mosquito-borne viruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus, Getah virus, and Kadipiro virus, which are of great importance for preventing emerging viral epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Division of EPI, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guifang Liu
- Division of EPI, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Suting Wang
- Division of EPI, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Division of EPI, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemin Wei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zexin Tao
- Division of EPI, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zheng J, Haseeb A, Wang Z, Wang H. Network pharmacology, computational biology integrated surface plasmon resonance technology reveals the mechanism of ellagic acid against rotavirus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7548. [PMID: 38555283 PMCID: PMC10981743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The target and mechanism of ellagic acid (EA) against rotavirus (RV) were investigated by network pharmacology, computational biology, and surface plasmon resonance verification. The target of EA was obtained from 11 databases such as HIT and TCMSP, and RV-related targets were obtained from the Gene Cards database. The relevant targets were imported into the Venny platform to draw a Venn diagram, and their intersections were visualized. The protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were constructed using STRING, DAVID database, and Cytoscape software, and key targets were screened. The target was enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway, and the 'EA anti-RV target-pathway network' was constructed. Schrodinger Maestro 13.5 software was used for molecular docking to determine the binding free energy and binding mode of ellagic acid and target protein. The Desmond program was used for molecular dynamics simulation. Saturation mutagenesis analysis was performed using Schrodinger's Maestro 13.5 software. Finally, the affinity between ellagic acid and TLR4 protein was investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that there were 35 intersection proteins, among which Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Albumin (ALB), Nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-κB1), Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Tumor protein p53 (TP53), Recombinant SMAD family member 3 (SAMD3), Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) were potential core targets of EA anti-RV. The GO analysis consists of biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF). The KEGG pathways with the highest gene count were mainly related to enteritis, cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Based on the crystal structure of key targets, the complex structure models of TP53-EA, TLR4-EA, TNF-EA, IL-1β-EA, ALB-EA, NF-κB1-EA, SAMD3-EA, EGF-EA, and IL-4-EA were constructed by molecular docking (XP mode of flexible docking). The MMGBS analysis and molecular dynamics simulation were also studied. The Δaffinity of TP53 was highest in 220 (CYS → TRP), 220 (CYS → TYR), and 220 (CYS → PHE), respectively. The Δaffinity of TLR4 was highest in 136 (THR → TYR), 136 (THR → PHE), and 136 (THR → TRP). The Δaffinity of TNF-α was highest in 150 (VAL → TRP), 18 (ALA → GLU), and 144 (PHE → GLY). SPR results showed that ellagic acid could bind TLR4 protein specifically. TP53, TLR4, and TNF-α are potential targets for EA to exert anti-RV effects, which may ultimately provide theoretical basis and clues for EA to be used as anti-RV drugs by regulating TLR4/NF-κB related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Institute of TCM, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejie Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Li Z, Xia H, Rao G, Fu Y, Chong T, Tian K, Yuan Z, Cao S. Cryo-EM structures of Banna virus in multiple states reveal stepwise detachment of viral spikes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2284. [PMID: 38480794 PMCID: PMC10937716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Banna virus (BAV) is the prototype Seadornavirus, a class of reoviruses for which there has been little structural study. Here, we report atomic cryo-EM structures of three states of BAV virions-surrounded by 120 spikes (full virions), 60 spikes (partial virions), or no spikes (cores). BAV cores are double-layered particles similar to the cores of other non-turreted reoviruses, except for an additional protein component in the outer capsid shell, VP10. VP10 was identified to be a cementing protein that plays a pivotal role in the assembly of BAV virions by directly interacting with VP2 (inner capsid), VP8 (outer capsid), and VP4 (spike). Viral spikes (VP4/VP9 heterohexamers) are situated on top of VP10 molecules in full or partial virions. Asymmetrical electrostatic interactions between VP10 monomers and VP4 trimers are disrupted by high pH treatment, which is thus a simple way to produce BAV cores. Low pH treatment of BAV virions removes only the flexible receptor binding protein VP9 and triggers significant conformational changes in the membrane penetration protein VP4. BAV virions adopt distinct spatial organization of their surface proteins compared with other well-studied reoviruses, suggesting that BAV may have a unique mechanism of penetration of cellular endomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Han Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Guibo Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Tingting Chong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Kexing Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Sheng Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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13
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Carpenter M, Kopanke J, Lee J, Rodgers C, Reed K, Sherman TJ, Graham B, Cohnstaedt LW, Wilson WC, Stenglein M, Mayo C. Evaluating Temperature Effects on Bluetongue Virus Serotype 10 and 17 Coinfection in Culicoides sonorensis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3063. [PMID: 38474308 PMCID: PMC10932384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Culicoides midges that infects ruminants. As global temperatures increase and geographical ranges of midges expand, there is increased potential for BTV outbreaks from incursions of novel serotypes into endemic regions. However, an understanding of the effect of temperature on reassortment is lacking. The objectives of this study were to compare how temperature affected Culicoides survival, virogenesis, and reassortment in Culicoides sonorensis coinfected with two BTV serotypes. Midges were fed blood meals containing BTV-10, BTV-17, or BTV serotype 10 and 17 and maintained at 20 °C, 25 °C, or 30 °C. Midge survival was assessed, and pools of midges were collected every other day to evaluate virogenesis of BTV via qRT-PCR. Additional pools of coinfected midges were collected for BTV plaque isolation. The genotypes of plaques were determined using next-generation sequencing. Warmer temperatures impacted traits related to vector competence in offsetting ways: BTV replicated faster in midges at warmer temperatures, but midges did not survive as long. Overall, plaques with BTV-17 genotype dominated, but BTV-10 was detected in some plaques, suggesting parental strain fitness may play a role in reassortment outcomes. Temperature adds an important dimension to host-pathogen interactions with implications for transmission and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Kopanke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Case Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Kirsten Reed
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Tyler J. Sherman
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Lee W. Cohnstaedt
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 1807, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA; (L.W.C.); (W.C.W.)
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, The National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 1807, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA; (L.W.C.); (W.C.W.)
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
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14
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Gao T, Li M, Liu H, Fu S, Wang H, Liang G. Genome and evolution of Tibet orbivirus, TIBOV (genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1327780. [PMID: 38505291 PMCID: PMC10950067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1327780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) was first isolated from Anopheles maculatus mosquitoes in Xizang, China, in 2009. In recent years, more TIBOV strains have been isolated in several provinces across China, Japan, East Asia, and Nepal, South Asia. Furthermore, TIBOVs have also been isolated from Culex mosquitoes, and several midge species. Additionally, TIBOV neutralizing antibodies have been detected in serum specimens from several mammals, including cattle, sheep, and pigs. All of the evidence suggests that the geographical distribution of TIBOVs has significantly expanded in recent years, with an increased number of vector species involved in its transmission. Moreover, the virus demonstrated infectivity towards a variety of animals. Although TIBOV is considered an emerging orbivirus, detailed reports on its genome and molecular evolution are currently lacking. Thus, this study performed the whole-genome nucleotide sequencing of three TIBOV isolates from mosquitoes and midges collected in China in 2009, 2011, and 2019. Furthermore, the genome and molecular genetic evolution of TIBOVs isolated from different countries, periods, and hosts (mosquitoes, midges, and cattle) was systematically analyzed. The results revealed no molecular specificity among TIBOVs isolated from different countries, periods, and vectors. Meanwhile, the time-scaled phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of TIBOV appeared approximately 797 years ago (95% HPD: 16-2347) and subsequently differentiated at least three times, resulting in three distinct genotypes. The evolutionary rate of TIBOVs was about 2.12 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year (s/s/y) (95% HPD: 3.07 × 10-5, 9.63 × 10-3), which is similar to that of the bluetongue virus (BTV), also in the Orbivirus genus. Structural analyses of the viral proteins revealed that the three-dimensional structures of the outer capsid proteins of TIBOV and BTV were similar. These results suggest that TIBOV is a newly discovered and rapidly evolving virus transmitted by various blood-sucking insects. Given the potential public health burden of this virus and its high infectious rate in a wide range of animals, it is significant to strengthen research on the genetic variation of TIBOVs in blood-feeding insects and mammals in the natural environment and the infection status in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Minghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shihong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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15
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Adamczyk K, Rubbenstroth D, Ledwoń A, Sapierzyński R, Szeleszczuk P. The first confirmed cases of pigeon rotavirus A (RVA) infection in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Poland. J Vet Res 2024; 68:55-61. [PMID: 38525231 PMCID: PMC10960255 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the presence of rotaviruses in pigeon samples has been reported since the 1980s, its importance as an aetiological agent of the "classical" young pigeon disease (YPD) was not proven until 2020, when the Henle-Koch postulates were confirmed for pigeon-type rotavirus A (RVA) genotype G18P(17). Material and Methods From 2011 to 2020, archived liver samples from 117 pigeons submitted by 74 individual lofts were tested for the presence of pigeon-type RVA using a VP6-specific RT-qPCR test. For four positive racing pigeons, a more detailed necropsy and histopathological analysis was performed. Results Indicators of an acute RVA infection were found in 24 out of 117 (20.5%) samples tested, the earliest in 2014. Necropsies of the four selected RVA-positive pigeons showed changes mainly in the liver, spleen and kidneys similar to those described by other researchers. The histopathological examination revealed mainly hyperaemia and necrosis in the liver, as well as mononuclear cell infiltrates in these organs. Conclusion Pigeon-type RVA is also a cause of YPD in Poland and is a serious challenge for racing pigeon breeders and veterinarians, especially during the training and flights of young pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Adamczyk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Ledwoń
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776Warszawa, Poland
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16
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Santos-Ferreira N, Van Dycke J, Chiu W, Neyts J, Matthijnssens J, Rocha-Pereira J. Molnupiravir inhibits human norovirus and rotavirus replication in 3D human intestinal enteroids. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105839. [PMID: 38373532 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) and human rotavirus (HRV) are the leading causes of gastrointestinal diarrhea. There are no approved antivirals and rotavirus vaccines are insufficient to cease HRV associated mortality. Furthermore, treatment of chronically infected immunocompromised patients is limited to off-label compassionate use of repurposed antivirals with limited efficacy, highlighting the urgent need of potent and specific antivirals for HuNoV and HRV. Recently, a major breakthrough in the in vitro cultivation of HuNoV and HRV derived from the use of human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). The replication of multiple circulating HuNoV and HRV genotypes can finally be studied and both in the same non-transformed and physiologically relevant model. Activity of previously described anti-norovirus or anti-rotavirus drugs, such as 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC), 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7DMA), nitazoxanide, favipiravir and dasabuvir, was assessed against clinically relevant human genotypes using 3D-HIEs. 2CMC showed the best activity against HuNoV GII.4, while 7DMA was the most potent antiviral against HRV. We identified the anti-norovirus and -rotavirus activity of molnupiravir and its active metabolite, N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a broad-spectrum antiviral used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molnupiravir and NHC inhibit HuNoV GII.4, HRV G1P[8], G2P[4] and G4P[6] in 3D-HIEs with high selectivity and show a potency comparable to 2CMC against HuNoV. Moreover, molnupiravir and NHC block HRV viroplasm formation, but do not alter its size or subcellular localization. Taken together, molnupiravir inhibits both HuNoV and HRV replication, suggesting that the drug could be a candidate for the treatment of patients chronically infected with either one of these diarrhea causing viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanci Santos-Ferreira
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Van Dycke
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Winston Chiu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Le LKT, Chu MNT, Tate JE, Jiang B, Bowen MD, Esona MD, Gautam R, Jaimes J, Pham TPT, Huong NT, Anh DD, Trang NV, Parashar U. Genetic diversity of G9, G3, G8 and G1 rotavirus group A strains circulating among children with acute gastroenteritis in Vietnam from 2016 to 2021. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 118:105566. [PMID: 38316245 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rotavirus group A (RVA) is the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide. The introduction of rotavirus vaccination programs has contributed to a reduction in hospitalizations and mortality caused by RVA. From 2016 to 2021, we conducted surveillance to monitor RVA prevalence and genotype distribution in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue (TT Hue) provinces where a pilot Rotavin-M1 vaccine (Vietnam) implementation took place from 2017 to 2020. Out of 6626 stool samples, RVA was detected in 2164 (32.6%) by ELISA. RT-PCR using type-specific primers were used to determine the G and P genotypes of RVA-positive specimens. Whole genome sequences of a subset of 52 specimens randomly selected from 2016 to 2021 were mapped using next-generation sequencing. From 2016 to 2021, the G9, G3 and G8 strains dominated, with detected frequencies of 39%, 23%, and 19%, respectively; of which, the most common genotypes identified were G9P[8], G3P[8] and G8P[8]. G1 strains re-emerged in Nam Dinh and TT Hue (29.5% and 11.9%, respectively) from 2020 to 2021. G3 prevalence decreased from 74% to 20% in TT Hue and from 21% to 13% in Nam Dinh province between 2017 and 2021. The G3 strains consisted of 52% human typical G3 (hG3) and 47% equine-like G3 (eG3). Full genome analysis showed substantial diversity among the circulating G3 strains with different backgrounds relating to equine and feline viruses. G9 prevalence decreased sharply from 2016 to 2021 in both provinces. G8 strains peaked during 2019-2020 in Nam Dinh and TT Hue provinces (68% and 46%, respectively). Most G8 and G9 strains had no genetic differences over the surveillance period with very high nucleotide similarities of 99.2-99.9% and 99.1-99.7%, respectively. The G1 strains were not derived from the RVA vaccine. Changes in the genotype distribution and substantial diversity among circulating strains were detected throughout the surveillance period and differed between the two provinces. Determining vaccine effectiveness against circulating strains over time will be important to ensure that observed changes are due to natural secular variation and not from vaccine pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly K T Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Mai N T Chu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mathew D Esona
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Rashi Gautam
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jose Jaimes
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Thao P T Pham
- Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen T Huong
- Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Dang D Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen V Trang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Umesh Parashar
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Hernández-Guzmán J, Arias CF, López S, Sandoval-Jaime C. Nucleolin-RNA interaction modulates rotavirus replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0167723. [PMID: 38240590 PMCID: PMC10878083 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01677-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide; the genome of this virus is composed of 11 segments of dsRNA packed in a triple-layered protein capsid. Here, we investigated the role of nucleolin, a protein with diverse RNA-binding domains, in rotavirus infection. Knocking down the expression of nucleolin in MA104 cells by RNA interference resulted in a remarkable 6.3-fold increase in the production of infectious rhesus rotavirus (RRV) progeny, accompanied by an elevated synthesis of viral mRNA and genome copies. Further analysis unveiled an interaction between rotavirus segment 10 (S10) and nucleolin, potentially mediated by G-quadruplex domains on the viral genome. To determine whether the nucleolin-RNA interaction regulates RRV replication, MA104 cells were transfected with AGRO100, a compound that forms G4 structures and selectively inhibits nucleolin-RNA interactions by blocking the RNA-binding domains. Under these conditions, viral production increased by 1.5-fold, indicating the inhibitory role of nucleolin on the yield of infectious viral particles. Furthermore, G4 sequences were identified in all 11 RRV dsRNA segments, and transfection of oligonucleotides representing G4 sequences in RRV S10 induced a significant increase in viral production. These findings show that rotavirus replication is negatively regulated by nucleolin through the direct interaction with the viral RNAs by sequences forming G4 structures.IMPORTANCEViruses rely on cellular proteins to carry out their replicative cycle. In the case of rotavirus, the involvement of cellular RNA-binding proteins during the replicative cycle is a poorly studied field. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the interaction between nucleolin and viral RNA of rotavirus RRV. Nucleolin is a cellular protein that has a role in the metabolism of ribosomal rRNA and ribosome biogenesis, which seems to have regulatory effects on the quantity of viral particles and viral RNA copies of rotavirus RRV. Our study adds a new component to the current model of rotavirus replication, where cellular proteins can have a negative regulation on rotavirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jey Hernández-Guzmán
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sandoval-Jaime
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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19
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Golender N, Hoffmann B. The Molecular Epidemiology of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses Identified in Israel between 2015 and 2023. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:90-105. [PMID: 38390919 PMCID: PMC10885110 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious, non-contagious viral disease seriously affecting cattle and some wild ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. All viruses can be subdivided into "Eastern" and "Western" topotypes according to geographic distribution via the phylogenetic analysis of internal genes. In Israel, during the last decade, three outbreaks were registered: caused by EHDV-6 in 2015, by EHDV-1 in 2016, and by EHDV-7 in 2020. Additionally, RNA of EHDV-8 was found in imported calves from Portugal in 2023. During the same period in other countries of the region, non-Israeli-like EHDV-6 and EHDV-8 were identified. Full genome sequencing, BLAST, and phylogenetic analyses of the locally and globally known EHDV genomes allowed us to presume the probable route and origin of these viruses detected in Israel. Thus, EHDV-6 has probably been circulating in the region for a long period when EHDV-1 and -8 appeared here for the last years, while their route of introduction into the new areas was probably natural; all of them belonged to the "Western" topotype. In contrast, EHDV-7 probably had the "Eastern", anthropogenic origin. Data from the study can facilitate the evaluation of the appearance or reappearance of EHDVs in the Mediterranean area and enhance the planning of prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Golender
- Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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20
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Calvo-Pinilla E, Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Illescas-Amo M, Ortego J. Cytokine mRNA Expression Profile in Target Organs of IFNAR (-/-) Mice Infected with African Horse Sickness Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2065. [PMID: 38396742 PMCID: PMC10888608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is a highly severe disease caused by a viral etiological agent, African horse sickness virus (AHSV). It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, while sporadic outbreaks have occurred in North Africa, Asia, and Europe, with the most recent cases in Thailand. AHSV transmission between equines occurs primarily by biting midges of the genus Culicoides, especially C. imicola, with a wide distribution globally. As research in horses is highly restricted due to a variety of factors, small laboratory animal models that reproduce clinical signs and pathology observed in natural infection of AHSV are highly needed. Here, we investigated the expression profile of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in target organs and serum of IFNAR (-/-) mice, to continue characterizing this established animal model and to go deep into the innate immune responses that are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Calvo-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (M.I.-A.); (J.O.)
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21
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Carpenter M, Kopanke J, Lee J, Rodgers C, Reed K, Sherman TJ, Graham B, Stenglein M, Mayo C. Assessing Reassortment between Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 at Different Coinfection Ratios in Culicoides sonorenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:240. [PMID: 38400016 PMCID: PMC10893243 DOI: 10.3390/v16020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA orbivirus listed by the World Organization for Animal Health and transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Segmented viruses can reassort, which facilitates rapid and important genotypic changes. Our study evaluated reassortment in Culicoides sonorensis midges coinfected with different ratios of BTV-10 and BTV-17. Midges were fed blood containing BTV-10, BTV-17, or a combination of both serotypes at 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, or 10:90 ratios. Midges were collected every other day and tested for infection using pan BTV and cox1 (housekeeping gene) qRT-PCR. A curve was fit to the ∆Ct values (pan BTV Ct-cox1 Ct) for each experimental group. On day 10, the midges were processed for BTV plaque isolation. Genotypes of the plaques were determined by next-generation sequencing. Pairwise comparison of ∆Ct curves demonstrated no differences in viral RNA levels between coinfected treatment groups. Plaque genotyping indicated that most plaques fully aligned with one of the parental strains; however, reassortants were detected, and in the 75:25 pool, most plaques were reassortant. Reassortant prevalence may be maximized upon the occurrence of reassortant genotypes that can outcompete the parental genotypes. BTV reassortment and resulting biological consequences are important elements to understanding orbivirus emergence and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Kopanke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Case Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Kirsten Reed
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Tyler J. Sherman
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (B.G.); (M.S.)
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22
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Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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23
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Sadiq A, Khan J. Rotavirus in developing countries: molecular diversity, epidemiological insights, and strategies for effective vaccination. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1297269. [PMID: 38249482 PMCID: PMC10797100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1297269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes the loss of numerous children's lives worldwide each year, and this burden is particularly heavy in low- and lower-middle-income countries where access to healthcare is limited. RV epidemiology exhibits a diverse range of genotypes, which can vary in prevalence and impact across different regions. The human genotypes that are most commonly recognized are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G8P[8], G9P[8], and G12P[8]. The diversity of rotavirus genotypes presents a challenge in understanding its global distribution and developing effective vaccines. Oral, live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines have undergone evaluation in various contexts, encompassing both low-income and high-income populations, demonstrating their safety and effectiveness. Rotavirus vaccines have been introduced and implemented in over 120 countries, offering an opportunity to assess their effectiveness in diverse settings. However, these vaccines were less effective in areas with more rotavirus-related deaths and lower economic status compared to wealthier regions with fewer rotavirus-related deaths. Despite their lower efficacy, rotavirus vaccines significantly decrease the occurrence of diarrheal diseases and related mortality. They also prove to be cost-effective in regions with a high burden of such diseases. Regularly evaluating the impact, influence, and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines, especially the newly approved ones for worldwide use, is essential for deciding if these vaccines should be introduced in countries. This is especially important in places with limited resources to determine if a switch to a different vaccine is necessary. Future research in rotavirus epidemiology should focus on a comprehensive understanding of genotype diversity and its implications for vaccine effectiveness. It is crucial to monitor shifts in genotype prevalence and their association with disease severity, especially in high-risk populations. Policymakers should invest in robust surveillance systems to monitor rotavirus genotypes. This data can guide vaccine development and public health interventions. International collaboration and data sharing are vital to understand genotype diversity on a global scale and facilitate the development of more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Jadoon Khan
- Department of Allied and Health Sciences, IQRA University, Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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24
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Agbemabiese CA, Philip AA, Patton JT. Recovery of Recombinant Rotaviruses by Reverse Genetics. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2733:249-263. [PMID: 38064037 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3533-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Rotaviruses are the primary cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children throughout the world. To combat rotavirus illness, several live oral vaccines have been developed, or are under development, that are formulated from attenuated human or human-animal reassortant strains of rotavirus. While the effectiveness of these vaccines is generally high in developed countries, the same vaccines are significantly less effective in many developing countries, where the need for rotavirus vaccines is greatest. Recently, reverse genetics systems have been developed that allow modification of the segmented double-stranded (ds)RNA genome of rotavirus, including reprogramming the genome to allow expression of additional proteins that may stimulate expanded neutralizing antibody responses in vaccinated children. The use of reverse genetics systems may not only lead to the development of more potent classes of vaccines but can be used to better explore the intricacies of rotavirus molecular biology and pathogenesis. In this article, we share protocols that can be used to generate recombinant rotaviruses, including modified strains that express foreign proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Agbemabiese
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Asha A Philip
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- CSL Seqirus, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - John T Patton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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25
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Li Q, Wang Z, Jiang J, He B, He S, Tu C, Guo Y, Gong W. Outbreak of piglet diarrhea associated with a new reassortant porcine rotavirus B. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109947. [PMID: 38101077 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus B (RVB) is a causative agent leading to acute viral gastroenteritis diarrhea in both children and young animals, and has been commonly detected in piglets. In order to determine the causative agent of diarrheal outbreak occurring in December 2022 in piglets from a pig herd in Luoyang, Henan province of China, four common viral pathogens causing piglet diarrhea-three coronaviruses and rotavirus A (RVA) were first tested and found negative, therefore metagenomic sequencing was performed to explore other potential pathogens in the diarrheal samples. Unexpectedly, the most abundant viral reads mapped to RVB, and were de novo assembled to complete 11 viral gene segments. Sequence comparisons revealed that 5 gene segments encoding VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP3 and NSP4 of RVB strain designated as HNLY-2022 are most closely related to RVB strains derived from herbivores with low nucleotide similarities of 65.7-75.3%, and the remaining segments were relatively close to porcine RVB strains with the VP4 gene segment showing very low nucleotide identity (65.0%) with reference strains, indicating HNLY-2022 is a new reassortant RVB strain. Based on the previously proposed genotype classification criterion, the genotype constellation of RVB strain HNLY-2022 is G6-P[6]-I4-R6-C6-M6-A7-N5-T7-E5-H4 with more than half of the genotypes (P[6], R6, C6, M6, T7 and E5) newly reported. Therefore, the new reassortant RVB strain is the likely causative agent for the diarrheal outbreak of piglets occurred in China and more epidemiological studies should be conducted to monitor the spread of this newly identified porcine RVB strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Zunbao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Biao He
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Sun He
- TECON Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yidi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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26
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Neira V, Melgarejo C, Urzúa-Encina C, Berrios F, Valdes V, Mor S, Brito-Rodriguez B, Ramirez-Toloza GA. Identification and characterization of porcine Rotavirus A in Chilean swine population. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1240346. [PMID: 38026647 PMCID: PMC10652281 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1240346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is a common cause of diarrhea in newborn pigs, leading to significant economic losses. RVA is considered a major public health concern due to genetic evolution, high prevalence, and pathogenicity in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize RVA in swine farms in Chile. A total of 154 samples (86 oral fluids and 68 fecal samples) were collected, from 22 swine farms. 58 (38%) samples belonging to 14 farms were found positive for RVA by real-time RT-PCR. The samples with low Ct values (21) and the two isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing. Nearly complete genomes were assembled from both isolates and partial genomes were assembled from five clinical samples. BLAST analysis confirmed that these sequences are related to human and swine-origin RVA. The genomic constellation was G5/G3-P[7]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VP4, VP1, VP2, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, and NSP5 sequences were grouped in monophyletic clusters, suggesting a single introduction. The phylogenies for VP7, VP6, VP3, and NSP1 indicated two different origins of the Chilean sequences. The phylogenetic trees showed that most of the Chilean RVA sequences are closely related to human and swine-origin RVA detected across the world. The results highlight the potential zoonotic nature of RVA circulating in Chilean swine farms. Therefore, it is important to continue RVA whole genome sequencing globally to fully understand its complex epidemiology and early detection and characterization of zoonotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Melgarejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Urzúa-Encina
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Berrios
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Valdes
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sunil Mor
- Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | | | - Galia Andrea Ramirez-Toloza
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Portanti O, Thabet S, Abenza E, Ciarrocchi E, Pisciella M, Irelli R, Savini G, Hammami S, Pulsoni S, Casaccia C, Coetzee L, Marcacci M, Di Domenico M, Lorusso A. Development and validation of an RT-qPCR for detection and quantitation of emerging epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 8 RNA from field samples. J Virol Methods 2023; 321:114808. [PMID: 37690747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides-transmitted virus circulating in multiple serotypes. It has become a concern in the European Union as a novel strain of the serotype 8 (EHDV-8) of clear Northern African origin, has been recently discovered in symptomatic cattle in Italy (islands of Sardinia and Sicily), Spain, and Portugal. Current molecular typing methods targeting the S2 nucleotide sequences -coding for the outermost protein of the virion VP2- are not able to detect the novel emerging EHDV-8 strain as they enrolled the S2 sequence of the unique EHDV-8 reference strain isolated in Australia in 1982. Thus, in this study, we developed and validated a novel typing assay for the detection and quantitation of the novel EHDV-8 RNA from field samples, including blood of ruminants and insects. This molecular tool will certainly support EHDV-8 surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavio Portanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sarah Thabet
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologie Générale, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, IRESA, Université de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Elena Abenza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Eugenia Ciarrocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maura Pisciella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Irelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Salah Hammami
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologie Générale, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, IRESA, Université de la Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Simone Pulsoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Claudia Casaccia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lauren Coetzee
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137 Windhoek, Namibia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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28
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Philip AA, Hu S, Dai J, Patton JT. Recombinant rotavirus expressing the glycosylated S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001899. [PMID: 37830788 PMCID: PMC10721933 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse genetic systems have been used to introduce heterologous sequences into the rotavirus segmented double-stranded (ds)RNA genome, enabling the generation of recombinant viruses that express foreign proteins and possibly serve as vaccine vectors. Notably, insertion of SARS-CoV-2 sequences into the segment seven (NSP3) RNA of simian SA11 rotavirus was previously shown to result in the production of recombinant viruses that efficiently expressed the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, efforts to generate a similar recombinant (r) SA11 virus that efficiently expressed full-length S1 were less successful. In this study, we describe modifications to the S1-coding cassette inserted in the segment seven RNA that allowed recovery of second-generation rSA11 viruses that efficiently expressed the ~120-kDa S1 protein. The ~120-kDa S1 products were shown to be glycosylated, based on treatment with endoglycosidase H, which reduced the protein to a size of ~80 kDa. Co-pulldown assays demonstrated that the ~120-kDa S1 proteins had affinity for the human ACE2 receptor. Although all the second-generation rSA11 viruses expressed glycosylated S1 with affinity for the ACE receptor, only the S1 product of one virus (rSA11/S1f) was appropriately recognized by anti-S1 antibodies, suggesting the rSA11/S1f virus expressed an authentic form of S1. Compared to the other second-generation rSA11 viruses, the design of the rSA11/S1f was unique, encoding an S1 product that did not include an N-terminal FLAG tag. Probably due to the impact of FLAG tags upstream of the S1 signal peptides, the S1 products of the other viruses (rSA11/3fS1 and rSA11/3fS1-His) may have undergone defective glycosylation, impeding antibody binding. In summary, these results indicate that recombinant rotaviruses can serve as expression vectors of foreign glycosylated proteins, raising the possibility of generating rotavirus-based vaccines that can induce protective immune responses against enteric and mucosal viruses with glycosylated capsid components, including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha A. Philip
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Present address: CSL Seqirus, 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02452, USA
| | - Sannoong Hu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - John T. Patton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Carpenter M, Benavides Obon A, Kopanke J, Lee J, Reed K, Sherman T, Rodgers C, Stenglein M, McDermott E, Mayo C. In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected Culicoides sonorensis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1207. [PMID: 37887723 PMCID: PMC10609982 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Infection of domestic and wild ruminants with BTV can result in a devastating disease and significant economic losses. As a virus with a segmented genome, reassortment among the BTV serotypes that have co-infected a host may increase genetic diversity, which can alter BTV transmission dynamics and generate epizootic events. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of dissemination and characterize the tropism of BTV serotypes 10 and 17 in co-infected Culicoides sonorensis. Midges were exposed to both BTV serotypes via blood meal and processed for histologic slides 10 days after infection. An in situ hybridization approach was employed using the RNAscope platform to detect the nucleic acid segment 2 of both serotypes. Observations of the mosaic patterns in which serotypes did not often overlap suggest that co-infection at the cellular level may not be abundant with these two serotypes in C. sonorensis. This could be a consequence of superinfection exclusion. Understanding BTV co-infection and its biological consequences will add an important dimension to the modeling of viral evolution and emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - AnaMario Benavides Obon
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (A.B.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Jennifer Kopanke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Justin Lee
- Genomic Sequencing Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;
| | - Kirsten Reed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Tyler Sherman
- Diagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (A.B.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Case Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Emily McDermott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; (M.C.); (K.R.); (C.R.); (M.S.)
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Mohd Jaafar F, Belhouchet M, Monsion B, Bell-Sakyi L, Mertens PPC, Attoui H. Orbivirus NS4 Proteins Play Multiple Roles to Dampen Cellular Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1908. [PMID: 37766314 PMCID: PMC10535134 DOI: 10.3390/v15091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein 4 (NS4) of insect-borne and tick-borne orbiviruses is encoded by genome segment 9, from a secondary open reading frame. Though a protein dispensable for bluetongue virus (BTV) replication, it has been shown to counter the interferon response in cells infected with BTV or African horse sickness virus. We further explored the functional role(s) of NS4 proteins of BTV and the tick-borne Great Island virus (GIV). We show that NS4 of BTV or GIV helps an E3L deletion mutant of vaccinia virus to replicate efficiently in interferon-treated cells, further confirming the role of NS4 as an interferon antagonist. Our results indicate that ectopically expressed NS4 of BTV localised with caspase 3 within the nucleus and was found in a protein complex with active caspase 3 in a pull-down assay. Previous studies have shown that pro-apoptotic caspases (including caspase 3) suppress type I interferon response by cleaving mediators involved in interferon signalling. Our data suggest that orbivirus NS4 plays a role in modulating the apoptotic process and/or regulating the interferon response in mammalian cells, thus acting as a virulence factor in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Mourad Belhouchet
- Division of Structural Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK;
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Houssam Attoui
- UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
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31
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Shirafuji H, Murota K, Kishida N, Suda Y, Yanase T. Complete genome sequences of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes 5 and 6 isolated in Japan. Arch Virol 2023; 168:230. [PMID: 37578645 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequences of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus serotypes 5 (EHDV-5) and 6 (EHDV-6) isolated in the Yaeyama Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The EHDV-5 strain, ON-11/E/16, which was isolated in 2016, is, to our knowledge, the second EHDV-5 strain to be isolated after the first was isolated in Australia in 1977. In each of the genome segments, ON-11/E/16 was most closely related to EHDV strains of different serotypes isolated in Australia and Japan. Our results support the idea that various serotypes of EHDV have been circulating while causing reassortment in the Asia-Pacific region. In all genome segments, the EHDV-6 strain, ON-3/E/14, which was isolated in 2014, was highly similar to EHDV-6 strain HG-1/E/15, which was detected in affected cattle during the EHD epidemic in Hyogo prefecture in 2015. Therefore, these two EHDV-6 strains, ON-3/E/14 and HG-1/E/15, may have the same origin. However, it is unclear whether EHDV-6 was transmitted directly between the locations where those strains were isolated/detected (approx. 1,500 km apart) or whether EHDV-6 strains of the same origin entered each location at different times. In addition, we cannot rule out the possibility that EHDV-6 infection has spread unnoticed through asymptomatic cattle in other areas of Japan. Therefore, further investigation into EHDV infection in cattle is necessary for a more detailed understanding of the ecology of EHDV in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Exotic Disease Group, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-0022, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Epidemiology and Arbovirus Group, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, NIAH, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kishida
- Virus Group, Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, NIAH, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- Virus Group, Division of Infectious Animal Disease Research, NIAH, NARO, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tohru Yanase
- Epidemiology and Arbovirus Group, Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, NIAH, NARO, 2702 Chuzan, Kagoshima, 891-0105, Japan
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Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Thieulent CJ, Barrandeguy ME, Vissani MA, Parreño V. Quadruplex Real-Time TaqMan ® RT-qPCR Assay for Differentiation of Equine Group A and B Rotaviruses and Identification of Group A G3 and G14 Genotypes. Viruses 2023; 15:1626. [PMID: 37631969 PMCID: PMC10459720 DOI: 10.3390/v15081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine rotavirus A (ERVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea in foals, with G3P[12] and G14P[12] genotypes being the most prevalent. Recently, equine G3-like RVA was recognized as an emerging infection in children, and a group B equine rotavirus (ERVB) was identified as an emergent cause of foal diarrhea in the US. Thus, there is a need to adapt molecular diagnostic tools for improved detection and surveillance to identify emerging strains, understand their molecular epidemiology, and inform future vaccine development. We developed a quadruplex TaqMan® RT-qPCR assay for differentiation of ERVA and ERVB and simultaneous G-typing of ERVA strains, evaluated its analytical and clinical performance, and compared it to (1) a previously established ERVA triplex RT-qPCR assay and (2) standard RT-PCR assay and Sanger sequencing of PCR products. This quadruplex RT-qPCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity (>90%)/specificity (100%) for every target and high overall agreement (>96%). Comparison between the triplex and quadruplex assays revealed only a slightly higher sensitivity for the ERVA NSP3 target using the triplex format (p-value 0.008) while no significant differences were detected for other targets. This quadruplex RT-qPCR assay will significantly enhance rapid surveillance of both ERVA and ERVB circulating and emerging strains with potential for interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Côme J. Thieulent
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires B1630, Argentina; (M.E.B.); (M.A.V.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina;
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires B1630, Argentina; (M.E.B.); (M.A.V.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
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Jampanil N, Kumthip K, Maneekarn N, Khamrin P. Genetic Diversity of Rotaviruses Circulating in Pediatric Patients and Domestic Animals in Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:347. [PMID: 37505643 PMCID: PMC10383398 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and a wide variety of animals. In this review, we summarized the information on rotavirus described in the studies in the last decade (2008 to 2021) in Thailand, including the prevalence, seasonality, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmission. The overall prevalence of rotavirus infection in humans ranged from 15-33%. Rotavirus infection was detected throughout the year and most frequently in the dry and cold months, typically in March. The diversity of rotavirus genotypes varied year to year and from region to region. From 2008 to 2016, rotavirus G1P[8] was detected as the most predominant genotype in Thailand. After 2016, G1P[8] decreased significantly and other genotypes including G3P[8], G8P[8], and G9P[8] were increasingly detected from 2016 to 2020. Several uncommon rotavirus strains such as G1P[6], G4P[6], and G3P[10] have also been occasionally detected. In addition, most studies on rotavirus A infection in animals in Thailand from 2011 to 2021 reported the detection of rotavirus A in piglets and canine species. It was reported that rotavirus could cross the host species barrier between humans and animals through interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment mechanisms. The surveillance of rotavirus infection is crucial to identify the trend of rotavirus infection and the emergence of novel rotavirus genotypes in this country. The data provide information on rotavirus infection and the diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating in the pre-vaccination period, and the data will be useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine implementation in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthawadee Jampanil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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34
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Raque M, Raev SA, Guo Y, Kick MK, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Host Cell Response to Rotavirus Infection with Emphasis on Virus-Glycan Interactions, Cholesterol Metabolism, and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 15:1406. [PMID: 37515094 PMCID: PMC10385841 DOI: 10.3390/v15071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children and young animals, mechanisms of its replication and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the neuraminidase-mediated removal of terminal sialic acids (SAs) significantly enhanced RVA-G9P[13] replication, while inhibiting RVA-G5P[7] replication. In this study, we compared the transcriptome responses of porcine ileal enteroids (PIEs) to G5P[7] vs. G9P[13] infections, with emphasis on the genes associated with immune response, cholesterol metabolism, and host cell attachment. The analysis demonstrated that G9P[13] infection led to a robust modulation of gene expression (4093 significantly modulated genes vs. 488 genes modulated by G5P[7]) and a significant modulation of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes. The two strains differentially affected signaling pathways related to immune response, with G9P[13] mostly upregulating and G5P[7] inhibiting them. Both RVAs modulated the expression of genes encoding for cholesterol transporters. G9P[13], but not G5P[7], significantly affected the ceramide synthesis pathway known to affect both cholesterol and glycan metabolism. Thus, our results highlight the unique mechanisms regulating cellular response to infection caused by emerging/re-emerging and historical RVA strains relevant to RVA-receptor interactions, metabolic pathways, and immune signaling pathways that are critical in the design of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sergei A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maryssa K Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 43210, USA
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35
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Casey-Moore MC, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Jaimes J, Perkins C, Riley AM, Cortese MM, Gautam R, Bowen MD. Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of G6P[14] Rotavirus Strain Detected in a Human Stool Specimen within the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023:e0000823. [PMID: 37140434 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00008-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the detection of a G6P[14] rotavirus strain from a human stool sample within the United States. The full genotype constellation of the G6P[14] strain was identified as G6-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Casey-Moore
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose Jaimes
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Charity Perkins
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ann Marie Riley
- Infectious Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret M Cortese
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashi Gautam
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ali I, Alarcόn-Elbal PM, Mundle M, Noble SAA, Oura CAL, Anzinger JJ, Sandiford SL. The Others: A Systematic Review of the Lesser-Known Arboviruses of the Insular Caribbean. Viruses 2023; 15:843. [PMID: 37112824 PMCID: PMC10144105 DOI: 10.3390/v15040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caribbean enjoys a long-standing eminence as a popular tourist destination; however, over the years it has also amassed the sobriquet "arbovirus hotspot". As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitats, a cognizant working knowledge of the lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that influence their emergence and resurgence becomes essential. The extant literature on Caribbean arboviruses is spread across decades of published literature and is quite often difficult to access, and, in some cases, is obsolete. Here, we look at the lesser-known arboviruses of the insular Caribbean and examine some of the drivers for their emergence and resurgence. We searched the scientific literature databases PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed literature as well as scholarly reports. We included articles and reports that describe works resulting in serological evidence of the presence of arboviruses and/or arbovirus isolations in the insular Caribbean. Studies without serological evidence and/or arbovirus isolations as well as those including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever were excluded. Of the 545 articles identified, 122 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 arboviruses were identified in the literature. These arboviruses and the drivers that affect their emergence/resurgence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inshan Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pedro M. Alarcόn-Elbal
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcia Mundle
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The Mico University College, Kingston 5, Jamaica
| | - Simmoy A. A. Noble
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Chris A. L. Oura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joshua J. Anzinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Simone L. Sandiford
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
- Mosquito Control and Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Characterization of a Novel Orbivirus from Cattle Reveals Active Circulation of a Previously Unknown and Pathogenic Orbivirus in Ruminants in Kenya. mSphere 2023; 8:e0048822. [PMID: 36794933 PMCID: PMC10117150 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00488-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are among emerging pathogens of public and veterinary health significance. However, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, their role in the aetiologies of diseases in farm animals is poorly described due to paucity of active surveillance and appropriate diagnosis. Here, we report the discovery of a previously unknown orbivirus in cattle collected in the Kenyan Rift Valley in 2020 and 2021. We isolated the virus in cell culture from the serum of a clinically sick cow aged 2 to 3 years, presenting signs of lethargy. High-throughput sequencing revealed an orbivirus genome architecture with 10 double-stranded RNA segments and a total size of 18,731 bp. The VP1 (Pol) and VP3 (T2) nucleotide sequences of the detected virus, tentatively named Kaptombes virus (KPTV), shared maximum similarities of 77.5% and 80.7% to the mosquito-borne Sathuvachari virus (SVIV) found in some Asian countries, respectively. Screening of 2,039 sera from cattle, goats, and sheep by specific RT-PCR identified KPTV in three additional samples originating from different herds collected in 2020 and 2021. Neutralizing antibodies against KPTV were found in 6% of sera from ruminants (12/200) collected in the region. In vivo experiments with new-born and adult mice induced body tremors, hind limb paralysis, weakness, lethargy, and mortality. Taken together, the data suggest the detection of a potentially disease-causing orbivirus in cattle in Kenya. Its impact on livestock, as well as its potential economic damage, needs to be addressed in future studies using targeted surveillance and diagnostics. IMPORTANCE The genus Orbivirus contains several viruses that cause large outbreaks in wild and domestic animals. However, there is little knowledge on the contribution of orbiviruses to diseases in livestock in Africa. Here, we report the identification of a novel presumably disease-causing orbivirus in cattle, Kenya. The virus, designated Kaptombes virus (KPTV), was initially isolated from a clinically sick cow aged 2 to 3 years, presenting signs of lethargy. The virus was subsequently detected in three additional cows sampled in neighboring locations in the subsequent year. Neutralizing antibodies against KPTV were found in 10% of cattle sera. Infection of new-born and adult mice with KPTV caused severe symptoms and lead to death. Together, these findings indicate the presence of a previously unknown orbivirus in ruminants in Kenya. These data are of relevance as cattle represents an important livestock species in farming industry and often is the main source of livelihoods in rural areas of Africa.
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Varga-Kugler R, Ihász K, Marton S, Kaszab E, Marschang RE, Farkas S, Bányai K. Genetic diversity among reptilian orthoreoviruses isolated from pet snakes and lizards. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1058133. [PMID: 36816198 PMCID: PMC9932320 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1058133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reovirus infections in reptiles are frequently detected and associated with various clinical diseases; yet, our knowledge about their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships remains limited. In this study, we characterize at the genomic level five reptile origin orthoreovirus strains isolated from exotic snakes and lizards in Hungary and Germany. The genomic organization of the study strains was similar to that of the representative strains of reptile origin reoviruses belonging to species Reptilian orthoreovirus and Testudine orthoreovirus. Additionally, all five study strains clustered with the bush viper origin reference Reptilian orthoreovirus strain, 47/02. The nucleotide sequence divergence among strains fell from 56.64 to 99.36%. Based on genome segment constellations two well separated groups were observed, which may represent two genetic lineages of reptilian orthoreoviruses we tentatively referred here as genogroups, classifying two squamata origin strains with available whole genome sequences into genogroup I (GGI) and four strains into genogroup II (GGII). The representative GGI and GGII Reptilian orthoreovirus strains are characterized by moderate-to-high nucleotide and amino acid similarities within genogroups (range, 69.45 to 99.36% and 74.64 to 100.00%), whereas lower nucleotide and amino acid similarities (range, 56.64 to 77.24% and 54.53 to 93.85%) and different structures of the bicistronic S1 segment were found between genogroups. Further studies are needed to explore the genomic diversity among reptilian reoviruses of squamata origin; this would be critical to establish a robust classification system for these viruses and to see if interaction among members of distinct lineages may result in viable progenies with novel genetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Varga-Kugler
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Szilvia Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Food Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary,*Correspondence: Krisztián Bányai ✉
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39
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Izraeli Y, Lepetit D, Atias S, Mozes-Daube N, Wodowski G, Lachman O, Luria N, Steinberg S, Varaldi J, Zchori-Fein E, Chiel E. Genomic characterization of viruses associated with the parasitoid Anagyrus vladimiri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36748430 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on symbiotic microorganisms of insects has increased dramatically in recent years, yet relatively little data are available regarding non-pathogenic viruses. Here we studied the virome of the parasitoid wasp Anagyrus vladimiri Triapitsyn (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a biocontrol agent of mealybugs. By high-throughput sequencing of viral nucleic acids, we revealed three novel viruses, belonging to the families Reoviridae [provisionally termed AnvRV (Anagyrus vladimiri reovirus)], Iflaviridae (AnvIFV) and Dicistroviridae (AnvDV). Phylogenetic analysis further classified AnvRV in the genus Idnoreovirus, and AnvDV in the genus Triatovirus. The genome of AnvRV comprises 10 distinct genomic segments ranging in length from 1.5 to 4.2 kb, but only two out of the 10 ORFs have a known function. AnvIFV and AnvDV each have one polypeptide ORF, which is typical of iflaviruses but very un-common among dicistroviruses. Five conserved domains were found along both the ORFs of those two viruses. AnvRV was found to be fixed in an A. vladimiri population that was obtained from a mass rearing facility, whereas its prevalence in field-collected A. vladimiri was ~15 %. Similarly, the prevalence of AnvIFV and AnvDV was much higher in the mass rearing population than in the field population. The presence of AnvDV was positively correlated with the presence of Wolbachia in the same individuals. Transmission electron micrographs of females' ovaries revealed clusters and viroplasms of reovirus-like particles in follicle cells, suggesting that AnvRV is vertically transmitted from mother to offspring. AnvRV was not detected in the mealybugs, supporting the assumption that this virus is truly associated with the wasps. The possible effects of these viruses on A. vladimiri's biology, and on biocontrol agents in general, are discussed. Our findings identify RNA viruses as potentially involved in the multitrophic system of mealybugs, their parasitoids and other members of the holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Izraeli
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Entomology, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - David Lepetit
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shir Atias
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Netta Mozes-Daube
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Gal Wodowski
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Entomology, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Oded Lachman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Research Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Research Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Julien Varaldi
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel
| | - Elad Chiel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Tivon, Israel
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40
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do Nascimento LG, Sarmento SK, Leonardo R, Gutierrez MB, Malta FC, de Oliveira JM, Guerra CR, Coutinho R, Miagostovich MP, Fumian TM. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Enteric Viruses in Bivalve Mollusks Collected in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112359. [PMID: 36366459 PMCID: PMC9695388 DOI: 10.3390/v14112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral bivalve contamination is a recognized food safety hazard. Therefore, this study investigated the detection rates, seasonality, quantification, and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in bivalve samples (mussels and oysters). We collected 97 shellfish samples between March 2018 and February 2020. The screening of samples by qPCR or RT-qPCR revealed the detection of norovirus (42.3%), rotavirus A (RVA; 16.5%), human adenovirus (HAdV; 24.7%), and human bocavirus (HBoV; 13.4%). There was no detection of hepatitis A virus. In total, 58.8% of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, with 42.1% of positive samples contaminated with two or more viruses. Norovirus showed the highest median viral load (3.3 × 106 GC/g), followed by HAdV (median of 3.5 × 104 GC/g), RVA (median of 1.5 × 103 GC/g), and HBoV (median of 1.3 × 103 GC/g). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that norovirus strains belonged to genotype GII.12[P16], RVA to genotype I2, HAdV to types -C2, -C5, and -F40, and HBoV to genotypes -1 and -2. Our results demonstrate the viral contamination of bivalves, emphasizing the need for virological monitoring programs to ensure the quality and safety of shellfish for human consumption and as a valuable surveillance tool to monitor emerging viruses and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gonçalves do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Kahwage Sarmento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Leonardo
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Meylin Bautista Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rezende Guerra
- Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1817
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41
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He X, Wang X, Fan G, Li F, Wu W, Wang Z, Fu M, Wei X, Ma S, Ma X. Metagenomic analysis of viromes in tissues of wild Qinghai vole from the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17239. [PMID: 36241909 PMCID: PMC9562062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses and widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the virome in local rodent species could provide baseline of viral content and assist in efforts to reduce the risk for future emergence of rodent related zoonotic diseases. A total of 205 tissue and fecal samples from 41 wild Qinghai voles were collected. Metagenomic analyses were performed to outline the characteristics of the viromes, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the novel viral genomes. The virome distribution among five tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine with content and feces) was also compared. We identified sequences related to 46 viral families. Novel viral genomes from distinct evolutionary lineages with known viruses were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, including Hepatovirus, Hepacivirus, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus. Further analyses revealed that the core virome harbored by rodent internal tissues were quite different from the virome found in intestine and fecal samples. These findings provide an overview of the viromes in wild Qinghai voles, which are unique and the most common rodent species in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A high diversity of viruses is likely present in rodent species in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou He
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohao Fan
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wu
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghuan Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Fu
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wei
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ma
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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