1
|
Narongpun P, Chanchaithong P, Yamagishi J, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Whole-Genome Investigation of Zoonotic Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398 Isolated from Pigs and Humans in Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1745. [PMID: 38136779 PMCID: PMC10741195 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has been widespread globally in pigs and humans for decades. Nasal colonization of LA-MRSA is regarded as an occupational hazard to people who are regularly involved in livestock production. Our previous study suggested pig-to-human transmission caused by LA-MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398, using traditional molecular typing methods. Instead, this study aimed to investigate the zoonotic transmission of LA-MRSA CC398 using whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies. A total of 63 LA-MRSA isolates were identified and characterized in Thailand. Further, the 16 representatives of LA-MRSA CC9 and CC398, including porcine and worker isolates, were subjected to WGS on the Illumina Miseq platform. Core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analyses verify the zoonotic transmission caused by LA-MRSA CC398 in two farms. WGS-based characterization suggests the emergence of a novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec type, consisting of multiple cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) gene complexes via genetic recombination. Additionally, the WGS analyses revealed putative multi-resistant plasmids and several cross-resistance genes, conferring resistance against drugs of last resort used in humans such as quinupristin/dalfopristin and linezolid. Significantly, LA-MRSA isolates, in this study, harbored multiple virulence genes that may become a serious threat to an immunosuppressive population, particularly for persons who are in close contact with LA-MRSA carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawarut Narongpun
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (P.N.)
| | - Pattrarat Chanchaithong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (P.N.)
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (P.N.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (P.N.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olaru ID, Walther B, Schaumburg F. Zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low and middle-income countries. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:59. [PMID: 37316938 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing challenge in low and middle-income countries as it is widespread in these countries and is linked to an increased mortality. Apart from human and environmental factors, animal-related drivers of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries have special features that differ from high-income countries. The aim of this narrative review is to address the zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low- and middle-income countries. MAIN BODY Contamination with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is highest in poultry (Africa: 8.9-60%, Asia: 53-93%) and there is a risk to import ESBL-producing E. coli through poultry meat in Africa. In aquacultures, the proportion of ESBL-producers among E. coli can be high (27%) but the overall low quality of published studies limit the general conclusion on the impact of aquacultures on human health. ESBL-producing E. coli colonization of wildlife is 1-9% in bats or 2.5-63% birds. Since most of them are migratory animals, they can disperse antimicrobial resistant bacteria over large distances. So-called 'filth flies' are a relevant vector not only of enteric pathogens but also of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in settings where sanitary systems are poor. In Africa, up to 72.5% of 'filth flies' are colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli, mostly conferred by CTX-M (24.4-100%). While methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus plays a minor role in livestock in Africa, it is frequently found in South America in poultry (27%) or pork (37.5-56.5%) but less common in Asia (poultry: 3%, pork: 1-16%). CONCLUSIONS Interventions to contain the spread of AMR should be tailored to the needs of low- and middle-income countries. These comprise capacity building of diagnostic facilities, surveillance, infection prevention and control in small-scale farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana D Olaru
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Birgit Walther
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urushibara N, Aung MS, Kawaguchiya M, Ohashi N, Kobayashi N. Genome analysis of an SCCmec element in ST9-MRSA from Myanmar with a unique mec gene complex and two ccr gene complexes (ccrA1B1 and ccrA5B7). J Antimicrob Chemother 2023:7179859. [PMID: 37229541 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ohashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scollo A, Perrucci A, Stella MC, Ferrari P, Robino P, Nebbia P. Biosecurity and Hygiene Procedures in Pig Farms: Effects of a Tailor-Made Approach as Monitored by Environmental Samples. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071262. [PMID: 37048519 PMCID: PMC10093544 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In livestock, the importance of hygiene management is gaining importance within the context of biosecurity. The aim of this study was to monitor the implementation of biosecurity and hygiene procedures in 20 swine herds over a 12-month period, as driven by tailor-made plans, including training on-farm. The measure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) environmental contents was used as an output biomarker. The presence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) was also investigated as sentinels of antibiotic resistance. A significant biosecurity improvement (p = 0.006) and a reduction in the ATP content in the sanitised environment (p = 0.039) were observed. A cluster including 6/20 farms greatly improved both biosecurity and ATP contents, while the remaining 14/20 farms ameliorated them only slightly. Even if the ESBL-E. coli prevalence (30.0%) after the hygiene procedures significantly decreased, the prevalence of LA-MRSA (22.5%) was unaffected. Despite the promising results supporting the adoption of tailor-made biosecurity plans and the measure of environmental ATP as an output biomarker, the high LA-MRSA prevalence still detected at the end of the study underlines the importance of improving even more biosecurity and farm hygiene in a one-health approach aimed to preserve also the pig workers health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Scollo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alice Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ferrari
- CRPA Research Centre for Animal Production, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diversity and Dissemination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Genotypes in Southeast Asia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120438. [PMID: 36548693 PMCID: PMC9781663 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a successful pathogen that has achieved global dissemination, with high prevalence rates in Southeast Asia. A huge diversity of clones has been reported in this region, with MRSA ST239 being the most successful lineage. Nonetheless, description of MRSA genotypes circulating in the Southeast Asia region has, until now, remained poorly compiled. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of MRSA clones in 11 Southeast Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, and Timor-Leste. Notably, while archaic multidrug-resistant hospital-associated (HA) MRSAs, such as the ST239-III and ST241-III, were prominent in the region during earlier observations, these were then largely replaced by the more antibiotic-susceptible community-acquired (CA) MRSAs, such as ST22-IV and PVL-positive ST30-IV, in recent years after the turn of the century. Nonetheless, reports of livestock-associated (LA) MRSAs remain few in the region.
Collapse
|
6
|
Arshad F, Saleem S, Tahir R, Jahan S, Jabeen K, Khawaja A, Huma Z, Roman M, Shahzad F. Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Typing and Multilocus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates with Vancomycin Creep Phenomenon. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3927-3938. [PMID: 35915809 PMCID: PMC9338391 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s368912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of treatment failure and mortality with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration creep (MIC) is a matter of serious concern in patients with severe methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. The purpose of the study was to identify and characterize staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and clonal types of MRSA strains, exhibiting the vancomycin MIC creep phenomenon. Methods A total of 3305 S. aureus strains were isolated from various clinical samples of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. MRSA strains were identified by cefoxitin resistant (≤21mm) followed by mecA and mecC gene genotyping. Vancomycin MIC creep was determined by E-test. Isolates having MIC values >1.5 µg/mL were further subjected for SCCmec typing (I–V and XI) and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) by amplification of spa, sspA, clfA, clfB, and sdrCDE genes. A dendrogram was created based on the similarity index using bioneumerics software. Results About 13.3% (440/3305) isolates were MRSA with 99.3% (437/440) and 0.7% (3/440) carried mecA and mecC genes, respectively. In 120 MRSA isolates, the MIC of vancomycin was >1.5µg/mL. In MRSA isolates with high vancomycin MIC (>1.5µg/mL), the most common SCCmec type was SCCmec III (38.3%), followed by SCCmec IVa (15.8%), SCCmec IIIa (13.3%,), SCCmec IVc (7.5%), SCCmec IVe (5.8%), SCCmec IVd (5.8%), SCCmec IVb (4.2%), SCCmec II (2.5%), SCCmec V (1.7%), SCCmec I (1.7%) and SCCmec XI (1.7%). MLVA revealed 60 genotypic groups of MRSA isolates having a 92% similarity index. Conclusion SCCmec III was the most common type in genetically related MRSA isolates showing vancomycin MIC creep. The presence of SCCmec XI may further add burden to infection control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Arshad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- Correspondence: Faiqa Arshad, Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia, Block D Muslim Town, Lahore, Punjab, 54600, Pakistan, Email
| | - Sidrah Saleem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Romeeza Tahir
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kokab Jabeen
- Department of Pathology, Ammer ud Din Medical College, PGMI, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Khawaja
- Department of Pathology, Rahbar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zille Huma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Roman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Shahzad
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abreu R, Rodríguez-Álvarez C, Castro-Hernandez B, Lecuona-Fernández M, González JC, Rodríguez-Novo Y, Arias Rodríguez MDLA. Prevalence and Characterisation of Multiresistant Bacterial Strains Isolated in Pigs from the Island of Tenerife. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060269. [PMID: 35737321 PMCID: PMC9230743 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can circulate among human and animal populations through direct contact with animals, as well as via food and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and characterisation of multiresistant bacteria in pig samples. Methods: 224 samples of pig livestock were taken at the slaughterhouse on the island of Tenerife. A nasal and a rectal sample were collected from each pig. The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (MRCoNS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (BLEE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was investigated. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were characterised by specific PCRs depending on the microorganism to be studied, and in vitro antimicrobial resistance was determined using the broth microdilution method (Vitek®2 system bioMérieux®, Nurtingen, Germany). Results: MRSA prevalence was 73.21% (164 isolates). MRCoNS prevalence was 9.8% (22 isolates), S. sciuri being the prevalent species. Six isolates presented a 2.7% prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (BLEE) in the CTX-M-1 group. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), or colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Conclusion: we found a high presence of multiresistant bacteria, suggesting the need for increased control and surveillance of this type of strains in pig livestock and a better understanding of the possible transmission routes of these microorganisms through livestock products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Abreu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
| | - Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
| | - Beatriz Castro-Hernandez
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (B.C.-H.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Maria Lecuona-Fernández
- Microbiology and Infection Control Service, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Tenerife, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (B.C.-H.); (M.L.-F.)
| | - Juan Carlos González
- Canary Islands Health Service, Canary Islands, 38004 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Yurena Rodríguez-Novo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Section, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Maria de los Angeles Arias Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of La Laguna, Campus de Ofra, s/n, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (R.A.); (C.R.-Á.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-319-369
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva V, Caniça M, Manageiro V, Vieira-Pinto M, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from Hunters and Hunting Dogs. Pathogens 2022; 11:548. [PMID: 35631069 PMCID: PMC9143024 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have showed that a dog-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus occurs. Hunting dogs do not have as much contact with their owners as dogs that live in the same household as the owners; however, these dogs have contact with their owners during hunting activities as well as when hunting game; therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from hunters and their hunting dogs to investigate a possible S. aureus transmission. Nose and mouth samples were collected from 30 hunters and their 78 hunting dogs for staphylococcal isolation. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were accessed using the Kirby-Bauer method and respective antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa- and agr-typing was performed in all S. aureus isolates. S. aureus were detected in 10 (30%) human samples and in 11 (15.4%) dog samples of which 11 and 5 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Other staphylococci were identified, particularly, S. pseudintermedius. Most S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Evidence of a possible transmission of S. aureus between human and dogs was detected in three hunters and their dogs. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 10 STs and 9 spa-types. A moderate colonization of S. aureus in hunting dogs and their owners was detected in this study. A few dog-to-dog and dog-to-human possible transmissions were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.C.); (V.M.)
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.E.P.); (L.M.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Antibiotic Isoflavonoids, Anthraquinones, and Pterocarpanoids from Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.) Seeds against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040279. [PMID: 35448466 PMCID: PMC9030341 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cajanus cajan L. (pigeon pea, locally known in the Philippines as kadios) seed is a functional food with health benefits that extend beyond their nutritional value. C. cajan seeds contain highly diverse secondary metabolites with enriched beneficial properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. However, the antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from Philippine-grown C. cajan, against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have not been thoroughly described. Here, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial properties of C. cajan seed against multidrug-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA-44 (MDRSA) and three other S. aureus strains (S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and coagulase-negative S. aureus) and, subsequently, identified the antibiotic markers against S. aureus strains using mass spectrometry. Secondary metabolites from C. cajan seeds were extracted using acetone, methanol, or 95% ethanol. Antibacterial screening revealed antibiotic activity for the C. cajan acetone extract. Bioassay-guided purification of the C. cajan acetone extract afforded three semi-pure high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions exhibiting 32–64 µg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MDRSA. Chemical profiling of these fractions using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) identified six compounds that are antibacterial against MDRSA. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), MS/MS, and dereplication using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS)™, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Library identified the metabolites as rhein, formononetin, laccaic acid D, crotafuran E, ayamenin A, and biochanin A. These isoflavonoids, anthraquinones, and pterocarpanoids from C. cajan seeds are potential bioactive compounds against S. aureus, including the multidrug-resistant strains.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kondo S, Phokhaphan P, Tongsima S, Ngamphiw C, Phornsiricharoenphant W, Ruangchai W, Disratthakit A, Tingpej P, Mahasirimongkol S, Lulitanond A, Apisarnthanarak A, Palittapongarnpim P. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genotype ST764-SCCmec type II in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2085. [PMID: 35136112 PMCID: PMC8826912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant causative agent of hospital-acquired infections. We characterized MRSA isolated from August 2012 to July 2015 from Thammasat University Hospital. Genotypic characterization of MRSA SCCmec type II and III isolates were scrutinized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The WGS data revealed that the MRSA SCCmec type II isolates belonged to ST764 previously reported mainly in Japan. All of tested isolates contained ACME Type II′, SaPIn2, SaPIn3, seb, interrupted SA1320, and had a virulence gene profile similar to Japan MRSA ST764. Rigorous surveillance of MRSA strains is imperative in Thailand to arrest its potential spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumalee Kondo
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Pimonwan Phokhaphan
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Wuthiwat Ruangchai
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Areeya Disratthakit
- Medical Life Science Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Pholawat Tingpej
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Aroonlug Lulitanond
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Prasit Palittapongarnpim
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Ruiz-Ripa L, Fernández-Fernández R, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports. Pathogens 2021; 10:1000. [PMID: 34451464 PMCID: PMC8400700 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this conceptual review, we thoroughly searched for appropriate English articles on nasal staphylococci carriage among healthy people with no reported risk of colonization (Group A), food handlers (Group B), veterinarians (Group C), and livestock farmers (Group D) published between 2000 and 2021. Random-effects analyses of proportions were performed to determine the pooled prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, MRSA-CC398, and MSSA-CC398, as well as the prevalence of PVL-positive S. aureus from all eligible studies. A total of 166 eligible papers were evaluated for Groups A/B/C/D (n = 58/31/26/51). The pooled prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in healthy humans of Groups A to D were 15.9, 7.8, 34.9, and 27.1%, and 0.8, 0.9, 8.6, and 13.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of MRSA-CC398 nasal carriage among healthy humans was as follows: Group A/B (<0.05%), Group C (1.4%), Group D (5.4%); and the following among Group D: pig farmers (8.4%) and dairy farmers (4.7%). The pooled prevalence of CC398 lineage among the MSSA and MRSA isolates from studies of the four groups were Group A (2.9 and 6.9%), B (1.5 and 0.0%), C (47.6% in MRSA), and D (11.5 and 58.8%). Moreover, MSSA-CC398 isolates of Groups A and B were mostly of spa-t571 (animal-independent clade), while those of Groups C and D were spa-t011 and t034. The MRSA-CC398 was predominately of t011 and t034 in all the groups (with few other spa-types, livestock-associated clades). The pooled prevalence of MSSA and MRSA isolates carrying the PVL encoding genes were 11.5 and 9.6% (ranges: 0.0-76.9 and 0.0-28.6%), respectively. Moreover, one PVL-positive MSSA-t011-CC398 isolate was detected in Group A. Contact with livestock and veterinary practice seems to increase the risk of carrying MRSA-CC398, but not in food handlers. Thus, this emphasizes the need for integrated molecular epidemiology of zoonotic staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (L.R.-R.); (R.F.-F.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bonvegna M, Grego E, Sona B, Stella MC, Nebbia P, Mannelli A, Tomassone L. Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Pigs and Farm Environment in Northwestern Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060676. [PMID: 34198805 PMCID: PMC8227741 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine farming as a source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been well documented. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) have been less studied, but their importance as pathogens is increasing. MRCoNS are indeed considered relevant nosocomial pathogens; identifying putative sources of MRCoNS is thus gaining importance to prevent human health hazards. In the present study, we investigated MRSA and MRCoNS in animals and environment in five pigsties in a high farm-density area of northwestern Italy. Farms were three intensive, one intensive with antibiotic-free finishing, and one organic. We tested nasal swabs from 195 animals and 26 environmental samples from three production phases: post-weaning, finishing and female breeders. Phenotypic tests, including MALDI-TOF MS, were used for the identification of Staphylococcus species; PCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed resistance and bacterial species. MRCoNS were recovered in 64.5% of nasal swabs, in all farms and animal categories, while MRSA was detected only in one post-weaning sample in one farm. The lowest prevalence of MRCoNS was detected in pigs from the organic farm and in the finishing of the antibiotic-free farm. MRCoNS were mainly Staphylococcus sciuri, but we also recovered S. pasteuri, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnii, S. equorum and S. xylosus. Fifteen environmental samples were positive for MRCoNS, which were mainly S. sciuri; no MRSA was found in the farms’ environment. The analyses of the mecA gene and the PBP2-a protein highlighted the same mecA fragment in strains of S. aureus, S. sciuri and S. haemolyticus. Our results show the emergence of MRCoNS carrying the mecA gene in swine farms. Moreover, they suggest that this gene might be horizontally transferred from MRCoNS to bacterial species more relevant for human health, such as S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Bonvegna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Grego
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Bruno Sona
- Local Veterinary Service, Animal Health, ASL CN1, Via Torino, 137, 12038 Savigliano, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Alessandro Mannelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Tomassone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.S.); (P.N.); (A.M.); (L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The First Report of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Harboring Type IV SCC mec in Thailand. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040430. [PMID: 33916527 PMCID: PMC8066656 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly found in Thailand in the hospital as a nosocomial pathogen. This study aimed to report the genetic characterization of a clinical community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolate collected from hospitalized patients in Thailand. Among 26 MRSA isolates, S. aureus no. S17 preliminarily displayed the presence of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV pattern. The bacterial genomic DNA was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) production, virulence toxins, and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing were performed. The strain was matched by sequence to MLST type 2885 and spa type t13880. This strain carried type IV SCCmec with no PVL production. Five acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, namely blaZ, mecA, Inu(A), tet(K), and dfrG conferring resistance to β-lactams, lincosamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, were identified. The detected toxins were exfoliative toxin A, gamma-hemolysin, leukocidin D, and leukocidin E. Moreover, there were differences in seven regions in CR-MRSA no. S17 compared to CA-MRSA type 300. In summary, we have reported the ST2885-SCCmec IV CA-MRSA clinical strain in Thailand for the first time, highlighting the problem of methicillin resistance in community settings and the consideration in choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs and Pork in the Central Region of Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020206. [PMID: 33669812 PMCID: PMC7922250 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been a major public health concern in humans. Among MRSA, livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA strains have always been associated with exposure to livestock or their products and have emerged in different countries globally. Although studies have identified LA-MRSA from healthy pigs and pork in Thailand, prevalence in slaughtered pigs is still unknown. In addition, there are few reports on the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of LA-MRSA in Thailand. Hence, this is the first report investigating the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of MRSA in individual slaughtered pigs and pork in Thailand. A total of 204 nasal swab and 116 retailed pork samples were collected from three slaughterhouses and four fresh markets, respectively. Individual samples were used for screening for MRSA and obtained isolates were examined for drug- resistance profiling for 12 antimicrobial agents of 10 drug classes. In addition, SCCmec typing and multi-locus sequence typing were conducted to obtain genotype profiles. MRSA were isolated from 11 and 52 nasal swab and pork samples, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in the pork than in the nasal swab samples (p-value < 0.05). A high prevalence of ST9-SCCmecIX and ST398-SCCmecV with high-level antimicrobial resistance from markets and slaughterhouses indicated the spreading of MRSA with these genotypes in the Thai swine processing chains and suggested the need for further investigation to determine a control.
Collapse
|
16
|
Acquisition Risk Factors of the SCC mec IX-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Swine Production Personnel in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100651. [PMID: 33003278 PMCID: PMC7601853 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harboring the type-IX staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) has been found in pigs and humans in Northern Thailand. However, knowledge of the prevalence and acquisition risk factors of this MRSA strain among swine production personnel (SPP) are needed. The nasal swab samples and data were collected from 202 voluntary SPP and 31 swine farms in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand in 2017. MRSA were screened and identified using mannitol salt agar, biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multiplex PCR, and the SCCmec typing. The prevalence of MRSA was 7.9% (16/202) and 19.3% (6/31) among SPP and swine farms. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 55 of 59 isolates (93%) contained the type-IX SCCmec element. Data analysis indicated that education, working time, contact frequency, working solely with swine production, and personal hygiene were significantly related to MRSA acquisition (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that pig farming experience, working days, and showering were good predictors for MRSA carriage among SPP (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.84). The biosecurity protocols and tetracycline use were significantly associated with MRSA detection in pig farms (p < 0.05). Hence, the active surveillance of MRSA and further development of local/national intervention for MRSA control are essential.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chanchaithong P, Perreten V, Am-In N, Lugsomya K, Tummaruk P, Prapasarakul N. Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Pigs and Swine Workers in Central Thailand. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1382-1389. [PMID: 31361580 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents molecular characteristics of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) from pigs and swine workers in central Thailand. Sixty-three MRSA isolates were recovered from pigs (n = 60) and humans (n = 3). Two major LA-MRSA lineages, including sequence type (ST) 398 and clonal complex 9 (ST9 and ST4576, a novel single-locus variant of ST9), were identified. ST398 had spa type t034 (n = 55). ST9 and ST4576 had t337 (n = 8) and carried staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IX only. MRSA-ST398-t034 contained various SCCmec, including SCCmec V (n = 42), a novel SCCmec composite island (n = 12), and a nontypeable SCCmec (n = 1). All isolates were multidrug resistant and carried common resistance genes found in LA-MRSA. This is the first report of the presence of swine MRSA ST398 and multidrug resistance gene cfr in MRSA ST9 in Thailand. With identical molecular characteristics, pigs could be a source of MRSA ST398 spread to humans. A minor variation of genetic features and resistance gene carriage in both lineages represented a heterogeneous population and evolution of the endemic clones. A monitoring program and farm management, with prudent antimicrobial uses, should be implemented to reduce spreading. Strict hygiene and personal protection are also necessary to prevent transfer of LA-MRSA to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattrarat Chanchaithong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nutthee Am-In
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Founou LL, Founou RC, Allam M, Ismail A, Finyom Djoko C, Essack SY. Genome analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs: Detection of the clonal lineage ST398 in Cameroon and South Africa. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:512-525. [PMID: 31124311 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Food animals are considered reservoirs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and are implicated in their zoonotic transmission in the farm-to-plate continuum. LA-MRSA has been reported as a zoonotic agent that has the potential to spread to humans and may cause infections in at-risk groups. In this study, whole genome sequencing was used to describe the genetic environment (resistance mechanisms, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements) and investigate the genetic lineages of MRSA isolates from pigs in Cameroonian and South African abattoirs. During March-October 2016, 288 nasal and rectal pooled samples from 432 pigs as well as nasal and hand swabs from 82 humans were collected. Genomic DNA was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Generated reads were de novo-assembled using the Qiagen CLC Genomics Workbench and SPAdes. The assembled contigs were annotated, and antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, plasmids, SCCmec and phage elements were identified with ResFinder, Virulence Finder, PlasmidFinder, SCCmec Finder and PHAST, respectively. Core genome single nucleotide analysis was undertaken to assess clonal relatedness among isolates. A lower MRSA prevalence was observed in pigs in Cameroon (n = 1/13; 0.07%) compared with South Africa (n = 4/22; 18.18%), and none of the workers were colonized by MRSA. Genome analysis identified various antibiotic resistance genes along with six virulence factors in all isolates. All MRSA isolates belonged to the clonal lineage ST398 (spa-type t011) and harboured the type Vc SCCmec and several plasmids. Our study shows that the livestock-associated MRSA clonal lineage ST398 is already present in both Cameroon and South Africa and is probably underestimated in the absence of molecular epidemiological studies. It reveals the serious food safety and public health threat associated with this animal strain and underscores the need for interventions to contain this resistant clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luria Leslie Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Food Safety and Environmental Microbiology, Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Raspail Carrel Founou
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mushal Allam
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cyrille Finyom Djoko
- Metabiota Inc., Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Centre for Research and Doctoral Training in Life Science, Health and Environment, The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sabiha Yusuf Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Watanabe S, Aiba Y, Tan XE, Li FY, Boonsiri T, Thitiananpakorn K, Cui B, Sato'o Y, Kiga K, Sasahara T, Cui L. Complete genome sequencing of three human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus caprae reveals virulence factors similar to those of S. epidermidis and S. capitis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:810. [PMID: 30409159 PMCID: PMC6225691 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus caprae is an animal-associated bacterium regarded as part of goats’ microflora. Recently, S. caprae has been reported to cause human nosocomial infections such as bacteremia and bone and joint infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of nosocomial infections remain largely unknown. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of S. caprae has not been determined. Results We determined the complete genome sequences of three methicillin-resistant S. caprae strains isolated from humans and compared these sequences with the genomes of S. epidermidis and S. capitis, both of which are closely related to S. caprae and are inhabitants of human skin capable of causing opportunistic infections. The genomes showed that S. caprae JMUB145, JMUB590, and JMUB898 strains contained circular chromosomes of 2,618,380, 2,629,173, and 2,598,513 bp, respectively. JMUB145 carried type V SCCmec, while JMUB590 and JMUB898 had type IVa SCCmec. A genome-wide phylogenetic SNP tree constructed using 83 complete genome sequences of 24 Staphylococcus species and 2 S. caprae draft genome sequences confirmed that S. caprae is most closely related to S. epidermidis and S. capitis. Comparative complete genome analysis of eight S. epidermidis, three S. capitis and three S. caprae strains revealed that they shared similar virulence factors represented by biofilm formation genes. These factors include wall teichoic acid synthesis genes, poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid capsule synthesis genes, and other genes encoding nonproteinaceous adhesins. The 17 proteinases/adhesins and extracellular proteins known to be associated with biofilm formation in S. epidermidis were also conserved in these three species, and their biofilm formation could be detected in vitro. Moreover, two virulence-associated gene clusters, the type VII secretion system and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters, identified in S. aureus were present in S. caprae but not in S. epidermidis and S. capitis genomes. Conclusion The complete genome sequences of three methicillin-resistant S. caprae isolates from humans were determined for the first time. Comparative genome analysis revealed that S. caprae is closely related to S. epidermidis and S. capitis at the species level, especially in the ability to form biofilms, which may lead to increased virulence during the development of S. caprae infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5185-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Aiba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Feng-Yu Li
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tanit Boonsiri
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kanate Thitiananpakorn
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Bintao Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato'o
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Teppei Sasahara
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Davis MF, Pisanic N, Rhodes SM, Brown A, Keller H, Nadimpalli M, Christ A, Ludwig S, Ordak C, Spicer K, Love DC, Larsen J, Wright A, Blacklin S, Flowers B, Stewart J, Sexton KG, Rule AM, Heaney CD. Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in swine and swine workplace environments on industrial and antibiotic-free hog operations in North Carolina, USA: A One Health pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:88-96. [PMID: 29428885 PMCID: PMC6292733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to swine has been associated with increased Staphylococcus aureus carriage, including antimicrobial-resistant strains, and increased risk of infections. To characterize animal and environmental routes of worker exposure, we optimized methods to identify S. aureus on operations that raise swine in confinement with antibiotics (industrial hog operation: IHO) versus on pasture without antibiotics (antibiotic-free hog operation: AFHO). We associated findings from tested swine and environmental samples with those from personal inhalable air samplers on worker surrogates at one IHO and three AFHOs in North Carolina using a new One Health approach. We determined swine S. aureus carriage status by collecting swab samples from multiple anatomical sites, and we determined environmental positivity for airborne bioaerosols with inhalable and impinger samplers and a single-stage impactor (ambient air) cross-sectionally. All samples were analyzed for S. aureus, and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, absence of scn (livestock marker), and spa type. Seventeen of twenty (85%) swine sampled at the one IHO carried S. aureus at >1 anatomical sites compared to none of 30 (0%) swine sampled at the three AFHOs. All S. aureus isolates recovered from IHO swine and air samples were scn negative and spa type t337; almost all isolates (62/63) were multidrug resistant. S. aureus was recovered from eight of 14 (67%) ambient air and two (100%) worker surrogate personal air samples at the one IHO, whereas no S. aureus isolates were recovered from 19 ambient and six personal air samples at the three AFHOs. Personal worker surrogate inhalable sample findings were consistent with both swine and ambient air data, indicating the potential for workplace exposure. IHO swine and the one IHO environment could be a source of potential pathogen exposure to workers, as supported by the detection of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) with livestock-associated spa type t337 among swine, worker surrogate personal air samplers and environmental air samples at the one IHO but none of the three AFHOs sampled in this study. Concurrent sampling of swine, personal swine worker surrogate air, and ambient airborne dust demonstrated that IHO workers may be exposed through both direct (animal contact) and indirect (airborne) routes of transmission. Investigation of the effectiveness of contact and respiratory protections is warranted to prevent IHO worker exposure to multidrug-resistant livestock-associated S. aureus and other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah M Rhodes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Brown
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haley Keller
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maya Nadimpalli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Christ
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanna Ludwig
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carly Ordak
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristoffer Spicer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Love
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asher Wright
- NC Choices, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension and NC A&T State University, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Blacklin
- NC Choices, North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension and NC A&T State University, NC, USA
| | | | - Jill Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth G Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana M Rule
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li L, Chen Z, Guo D, Li S, Huang J, Wang X, Yao Z, Chen S, Ye X. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in healthy humans is associated with occupational pig contact in a dose-response manner. Vet Microbiol 2017; 208:231-238. [PMID: 28888643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between occupational pig contact and human methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) carriage. We conducted a cross-sectional study of pig exposed participants and controls in Guangdong, China, using a multi-stage sampling design. Participants provided a nasal swab for MRCoNS analysis and resulting isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The dose-response relation was examined using log binomial regression or Poisson regression models. The adjusted prevalence of MRCoNS carriage in pig exposed participants was 1.67 times (95% CI: 1.32-2.11) higher than in controls. The adjusted average number of resistance to different antibiotic classes of MRCoNS isolates from pig exposed participants was 1.67 times (95% CI: 1.46-1.91) higher than those from controls. Notably, we found the frequency and duration of occupational pig contact was associated with increased prevalence and increased number of resistance to different antibiotic classes of MRCoNS in a dose-response manner. When examining these relations by MRCoNS species, there was still evidence of similar exposure-response relations. Additionally, the proportion of tetracycline-resistant and tet(M)-containing MRCoNS isolates was significantly higher in pig exposed participants than in controls. These findings suggested a potential transmission of MRCoNS from livestock to humans by occupational livestock contact, and the presence of phenotypic and genotypic tetracycline resistance may aid in the differentiation of animal origins of MRCoNS isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunming Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen XP, Li WG, Zheng H, Du HY, Zhang L, Zhang L, Che J, Wu Y, Liu SM, Lu JX. Extreme diversity and multiple SCCmec elements in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus found in the Clinic and Community in Beijing, China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:57. [PMID: 28830554 PMCID: PMC5568392 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are recognized as a large reservoir of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) harboured by Staphylococcus aureus. However, data of SCCmec in CoNS are relatively absent particularly in China. Methods Seventy-eight CoNS clinical and 47 community isolates were collected in Beijing. PCR was performed to classify SCCmec types. Under oxacillin treatment, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to compare mecA mRNA levels and mRNA half-life between isolates with single SCCmec element and those with multiple one. Their growth curves were analysed. Their bacterial cell wall integrity was also compared by performing a Gram stain. All ccr complex segments were sequenced and obtained ccr segments were analysed by phylogenetic analyses. Results All 78 clinical isolates had mecA segments compared with 38% in community isolates (total 47). Only 29% clinical isolates and 33% community isolates (among mecA positive isolates) harboured a single previously identified SCCmec type; notably, 17% clinical isolates and 28% community isolates had multiple SCCmec types. Further studies indicated that isolates with multiple SCCmec elements had more stable mecA mRNA expression compared with isolates with single SCCmec elements. CoNS with multiple SCCmec elements demonstrated superior cell wall integrity. Interestingly, phylogenetic analyses of obtained 70 ccr segments indicated that horizontal gene transfer of the ccr complex might exist among various species of clinical CoNS, community CoNS and S. aureus. Conclusions CoNS recovered from patients carried extremely diverse but distinctive SCCmec elements compared with isolates from the community. More attention should be given to CoNS with multiple SCCmec not only because they had superior cell wall integrity, but also because CoNS and S. aureus might acquire multiple SCCmec through the ccr complex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12941-017-0231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hai-Yan Du
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jie Che
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shu-Mei Liu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China. .,, FuXingMenWai Road 20, XiCheng, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Jin-Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. .,, Changbai Road 155, ChangPing, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan X, Li Z, Chlebowicz MA, Tao X, Ni M, Hu Y, Li Z, Grundmann H, Murray S, Pascoe B, Sheppard SK, Bo X, van Dijl JM, Du P, Zhang M, You Y, Yu X, Meng F, Wang S, Zhang J. Genetic features of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus ST9 isolates from Chinese pigs that carry the lsa(E) gene for quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:722-729. [PMID: 27528592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the genetic features of the recently identified lsa(E) gene in porcine S. aureus ST9 isolates. Three quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant isolates harboring the lsa(E) gene (two MRSA and one MSSA) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of 184S. aureus genomes showed that ST9 porcine isolates belong to a distinct sequence cluster. Further analysis showed that all isolates were deficient in the recently described type IV restriction-modification system and SCCmec type XII was identified in the two MRSA isolates, which included a rare class C2 mec gene complex. A 24kb ΨSCC fragment was found in the MRSA and MSSA isolates sharing 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the ΨSCCJCSC6690 (O-2) element of a ST9 MRSA isolate from Thailand (accession number AB705453). Comparison of these ST9 isolates with 181 publically available S. aureus genomes identified 24 genes present in all (100%) ST9 isolates, that were absent from the most closely related human isolate. Our analysis suggests that the sequenced quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant ST9 lineage represent a reservoir of mobile genetic elements associated with resistance and virulence features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Monika A Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoxia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hajo Grundmann
- Department of Infection Prevention and Hospital Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan Murray
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minli Zhang
- Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhai You
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- Heilongjiang provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institution of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nhung NT, Cuong NV, Thwaites G, Carrique-Mas J. Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:E37. [PMID: 27827853 PMCID: PMC5187518 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Nhung
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen V Cuong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|