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Chen B, Zhang J, Li J, Qian Y, Huang B, Wu X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum Dermatophyte Biofilms in Response to Photodynamic Therapy. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:59. [PMID: 38890181 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Dermatophyte biofilms frequently count for inadequate responses and resistance to standard antifungal treatments, resulting in refractory chronic onychomycosis infection. Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has clinically proven to exert significant antifungal effects or even capable of eradicating dermatophyte biofilms, considerably less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying aPDT and the potential dysregulation of signaling networks that could antagonize its action. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlining aPDT combat against dermatophyte biofilm in recalcitrant onychomycosis and to decipher the potential detoxification processes elicited by aPDT, facilitating the development of more effective photodynamic interventions. We applied genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate how aPDT disrupting onychomycosis biofilm formed by three distinct dermatophytes, including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum, the most frequently occurring pathogenic species. In total, 352.13 Gb of clean data were obtained for the transcriptomes of dermatophyte biofilms with or without aPDT treatment, resulting in 2,422.42 million reads with GC content of 51.84%, covering 99.9%, 98.5% and 99.4% of annotated genes of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum, respectively. The genome-wide orthologous analysis identified 6624 transcribed single-copy orthologous genes in all three species, and 36.5%, 6.8% and 17.9% of which were differentially expressed following aPDT treatment. Integrative orthology analysis demonstrated the upregulation of oxidoreductase activities is a highly conserved detoxification signaling alteration in response to aPDT across all investigated dermatophyte biofilms. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underneath anti-dermatophyte biofilm effects of aPDT and successfully identified a conserved detoxification regulation upon the aPDT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Chen
- Dermatology Institute of Fuzhou, Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Xihong Road 243, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital and Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital and Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Dermatology Institute of Fuzhou, Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Xihong Road 243, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yuwen Qian
- Fujun Genetics Technologies Company Limited, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Dermatology Institute of Fuzhou, Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Xihong Road 243, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiaomo Wu
- Dermatology Institute of Fuzhou, Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Xihong Road 243, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrass 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Piecuch A, Cal M, Ogórek R. Adhesion and biofilm formation by two clinical isolates of Trichosporon Cutaneum in various environmental conditions. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1793-1800. [PMID: 38625517 PMCID: PMC11153463 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. is an emerging opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of both superficial and invasive infections. Although Trichosporon asahii is the most frequently isolated species, Trichosporon cutaneum is also widely observed, as it is the predominant agent in cases of white Piedra and onychomycosis. Trichosporon spp. is a known to produce biofilms, which serve as one of its virulence mechanisms, however, there is limited data available on biofilms formed by T. cutaneum. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the adhesion and biofilm formation of two clinical isolates of T. cutaneum under various environmental conditions (including temperature, nutrient availability, and carbon source), as well as their tolerance to fluconazole. Adhesion was tested on common abiotic substrates (such as silicone, glass, and stainless steel), revealing that T. cutaneum readily adhered to all surfaces tested. CV staining was applied for the evaluation of the environment influence on biofilm efficiency and it was proved that the nutrient availability has a major impact. Additionaly, fluorescent staining was employed to visualize the morphology of T. cutaneum biofilm and its survival in the presence of fluconazole. Hyphae production was shown to play a role in elevated biofilm production in minimal medium and increased tolerance to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Piecuch
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Str 63/77, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Str 63/77, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Str 63/77, Wrocław, Poland
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Francisco EC, Desnos-Ollivier M, Dieleman C, Boekhout T, Santos DWDCL, Medina-Pestana JO, Colombo AL, Hagen F. Unveiling Trichosporon austroamericanum sp. nov.: A Novel Emerging Opportunistic Basidiomycetous Yeast Species. Mycopathologia 2024; 189:43. [PMID: 38709328 PMCID: PMC11074034 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
During an epidemiological survey, a potential novel species within the basidiomycetous yeast genus Trichosporon was observed. The clinical strain was obtained from a urine sample taken from a Brazilian kidney transplant recipient. The strain was molecularly identified using the intergenic spacer (IGS1) ribosomal DNA locus and a subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that multiple strains that were previously reported by other studies shared an identical IGS1-genotype most closely related to that of Trichosporon inkin. However, none of these studies provided an in-depth characterization of the involved strains to describe it as a new taxon. Here, we present the novel clinically relevant yeast for which we propose the name Trichosporon austroamericanum sp. nov. (holotype CBS H-24937). T. austroamericanum can be distinguished from other siblings in the genus Trichosporon using morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Francisco
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI-KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Desnos-Ollivier
- Département de Mycologie, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et Antifongiques, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chendo Dieleman
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI-KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - José O Medina-Pestana
- Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital do Rim, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo L Colombo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ferry Hagen
- Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI-KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Alboloshi GJ, Jiman-Fatani AA, Attallah D, Mokhtar JA, Al-Abdullah NA, Alkuwaity K, Kaki R, Al-Rabia MW, Alfadil A, Ibrahem K, Teklemariam AD, Harakeh S. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Trichosporonosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1297-1310. [PMID: 38590998 PMCID: PMC10999734 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s449511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal infections, especially those caused have emerged as a significant medical concern over the past three decades, particularly among immunocompromised patients. However, recent studies have highlighted the increasing prevalence of fungal infections resembling yeast other than Candida, such as trichosporonosis, especially among immunosuppressed individuals worldwide. Trichosporon has been identified as a significant contributor to superficial and invasive infections. Invasive trichosporonosis, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients, poses a significant threat with high mortality rates. Purpose The current study aimed to explore the clinical epidemiology of Trichosporon spp at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study aimed to assess the clinical epidemiology of Trichosporon spp. infections in microbiology cultures obtained from KAUH in Saudi Arabia. The study analyzed data from patients over a five-year period, focusing on demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Results This study encompassed 21 participants, categorized into four distinct age groups. Moreover, this study indicated T. asahii as the predominant species isolated, accounting for 90.5% of infections, followed by T. mucoides (9.5%). ICU hospitalization, diabetes mellitus, taking immunosuppressive drugs, and antifungal drugs, and the use of invasive medical equipment were identified as prominent risk factors for trichosporonosis. Urinary tract infections were the most common clinical presentation, particularly among male and elderly patients. Mortality rates were high, especially among older individuals. Conclusion This study contributes valuable epidemiological insights into trichosporonosis, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and preventive strategies in healthcare settings. Further research is warranted to optimize treatment approaches and infection control measures, ultimately reducing the burden of Trichosporon infections on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan J Alboloshi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, King Abdullah Medical Complex Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif A Jiman-Fatani
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalya Attallah
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawahir A Mokhtar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeela Abdullah Al-Abdullah
- Department of Public Health, College of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Health, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Alkuwaity
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Kaki
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Health, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed W Al-Rabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbagi Alfadil
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Karem Ibrahem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of MIVP, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Brilhante RSN, Costa ADC, de Mesquita JRL, dos Santos Araújo G, Freire RS, Nunes JVS, Nobre AFD, Fernandes MR, Rocha MFG, Pereira Neto WDA, Crouzier T, Schimpf U, Viera RS. Antifungal Activity of Chitosan against Histoplasma capsulatum in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms: A Therapeutic Strategy in the Future? J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1201. [PMID: 38132801 PMCID: PMC10744476 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is a respiratory disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, with high mortality and morbidity rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Considering the small existing therapeutic arsenal, new treatment approaches are still required. Chitosan, a linear polysaccharide obtained from partial chitin deacetylation, has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity properties. Chitosan with different deacetylation degrees and molecular weights has been explored as a potential agent against fungal pathogens. In this study, the chitosan antifungal activity against H. capsulatum was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay, obtaining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 32 to 128 µg/mL in the filamentous phase and 8 to 64 µg/mL in the yeast phase. Chitosan combined with classical antifungal drugs showed a synergic effect, reducing chitosan's MICs by 32 times, demonstrating that there were no antagonistic interactions relating to any of the strains tested. A synergism between chitosan and amphotericin B or itraconazole was detected in the yeast-like form for all strains tested. For H. capsulatum biofilms, chitosan reduced biomass and metabolic activity by about 40% at 512 µg/mL. In conclusion, studying chitosan as a therapeutic strategy against Histoplasma capsulatum is promising, mainly considering its numerous possible applications, including its combination with other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barão de Canindé, 210, Montese, Fortaleza 60425-540, CE, Brazil; (A.d.C.C.); (A.F.D.N.); (M.R.F.); (W.d.A.P.N.)
| | - Anderson da Cunha Costa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barão de Canindé, 210, Montese, Fortaleza 60425-540, CE, Brazil; (A.d.C.C.); (A.F.D.N.); (M.R.F.); (W.d.A.P.N.)
| | | | - Gessica dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Avenue, 1700, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil; (G.d.S.A.); (M.F.G.R.)
| | - Rosemeyre Souza Freire
- Analytical Center, Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (J.V.S.N.)
| | - João Victor Serra Nunes
- Analytical Center, Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil; (R.S.F.); (J.V.S.N.)
| | - Augusto Feynman Dias Nobre
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barão de Canindé, 210, Montese, Fortaleza 60425-540, CE, Brazil; (A.d.C.C.); (A.F.D.N.); (M.R.F.); (W.d.A.P.N.)
| | - Mirele Rodrigues Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barão de Canindé, 210, Montese, Fortaleza 60425-540, CE, Brazil; (A.d.C.C.); (A.F.D.N.); (M.R.F.); (W.d.A.P.N.)
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Dr. Silas Munguba Avenue, 1700, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza 60714-903, CE, Brazil; (G.d.S.A.); (M.F.G.R.)
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Barão de Canindé, 210, Montese, Fortaleza 60425-540, CE, Brazil; (A.d.C.C.); (A.F.D.N.); (M.R.F.); (W.d.A.P.N.)
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.C.); (U.S.)
| | - Ulrike Schimpf
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.C.); (U.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Silveira Viera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil;
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Yang X, Bai S, Wu J, Fan Y, Zou Y, Xia Z, Ao J, Chen T, Zhang M, Yang R. Antifungal Activity and Potential Action Mechanism of Allicin against Trichosporon asahii. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0090723. [PMID: 37199655 PMCID: PMC10269704 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00907-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes potentially fatal disseminated trichosporonosis. The global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an increasing fungal infection burden caused by T. asahii. Allicin is the main biologically active component with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in garlic. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the antifungal characteristics of allicin against T. asahii based on physiological, cytological, and transcriptomic assessments. In vitro, allicin inhibited the growth of T. asahii planktonic cells and biofilm cells significantly. In vivo, allicin improved the mean survival time of mice with systemic trichosporonosis and reduced tissue fungal burden. Electron microscopy observations clearly demonstrated damage to T. asahii cell morphology and ultrastructure caused by allicin. Furthermore, allicin increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to oxidative stress damage in T. asahii cells. Transcriptome analysis showed that allicin treatment disturbed the biosynthesis of cell membrane and cell wall, glucose catabolism, and oxidative stress. The overexpression of multiple antioxidant enzymes and transporters may also place an additional burden on cells, causing them to collapse. Our findings shed new light on the potential of allicin as an alternative treatment strategy for trichosporonosis. IMPORTANCE Systemic infection caused by T. asahii has recently been recognized as an important cause of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Invasive trichosporonosis remains a significant challenge for clinicians, due to the limited therapeutic options. The present work suggests that allicin holds great potential as a therapeutic candidate for T. asahii infection. Allicin demonstrated potent in vitro antifungal activity and potential in vivo protective effects. In addition, transcriptome sequencing provided valuable insights into the antifungal effects of allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuekun Zou
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikuan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Ao
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zapata-Zapata C, Giraldo-Galeano AM, Rojo-Uribe C, Campo-Polanco L, Gómez-Velásquez JC, Mesa-Arango AC. Antifungal susceptibility profile of Trichosporon inkin: About three cases of White Piedra. Med Mycol Case Rep 2023; 40:8-11. [PMID: 36879844 PMCID: PMC9984918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. usually cause systemic or superficial infections. Three cases of White Piedra produced by Trichosporon inkin are described. The in vitro antifungal activity to fluconazole, amphotericin B, ketoconazole and caspofungin against the three clinical isolates were evaluated. Sensitivity to fluconazole and ketoconazole was evidenced. However, the treatment of this mycosis is still a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zapata-Zapata
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.,Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | | | - Cris Rojo-Uribe
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Laura Campo-Polanco
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | | | - Ana Cecilia Mesa-Arango
- Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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Aguiar ALR, Silva BND, Fiallos NDM, Pereira LMG, Silva ML, Souza PFSMD, Portela FVM, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Cordeiro RDA. Promethazine inhibits efflux, enhances antifungal susceptibility and disrupts biofilm structure and functioning in Trichosporon. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:218-230. [PMID: 37122169 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2202315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. are emerging opportunistic fungi associated with invasive infections, especially in patients with haematological malignancies. The present study investigated the in vitro inhibition of efflux pumps by promethazine (PMZ) as a strategy to control T. asahii and T. inkin. Planktonic cells were evaluated for antifungal susceptibility to PMZ, as well as inhibition of efflux. The effect of PMZ was also studied in Trichosporon biofilms. PMZ inhibited T. asahii and T. inkin planktonic cells at concentrations ranging from 32 to 256 μg ml-1. Subinhibitory concentrations of PMZ inhibited efflux activity in Trichosporon. Biofilms were completely eradicated by PMZ. PMZ potentiated the action of antifungals, affected the morphology, changed the amount of carbohydrates and proteins and reduced the amount of persister cells inside biofilms. The results showed indirect evidences of the occurrence of efflux pumps in Trichosporon and opens a perspective for the use of this target in the control of trichosporonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Laína Silva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Pereira LMG, Andrade ARCD, Portela FVM, Aguiar ALR, Silva BND, Moura SGB, Pergentino MLM, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJDC, Castelo Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA. Heterologous extracellular DNA facilitates the development of Trichosporon asahii and T. inkin biofilms and enhances their tolerance to antifungals. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:778-785. [PMID: 36210505 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2130788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii and T. inkin are emergent agents of deep-seated and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the enzyme deoxyribonuclease (DNase) on the structure of T. asahii and T. inkin biofilms, as well as to examine their effect on the susceptibility to antifungals. Biofilms reached maturity at 48 h; eDNA concentration in the supernatant increased over time (6 < 24 h < 48h). Exogenous eDNA increased biomass of Trichosporon biofilms at all stages of development, enhanced their tolerance to antifungals and improved their structural complexity. DNase reduced biomass, biovolume and thickness of Trichosporon biofilms, thereby rendering them more susceptibility to voriconazole. The results suggest the relevance of eDNA in the structure and antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon biofilms and highlight the potential of DNase as adjuvant in biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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10
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Malacrida AM, Salci TP, Negri M, Svidzinski TI. Insight into the antifungals used to address human infection due to Trichosporon spp.: a scoping review. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:1277-1288. [PMID: 34689610 PMCID: PMC8544482 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosporonosis infections have been increasing worldwide. Providing adequate treatment for these infections remains a challenge. This scoping review contains information about potential antifungals to treat this pathology. Using online databases, we found 76 articles published between 2010 and 2020 related to this topic. Classic antifungals, molecules and biomolecules, repositioned drugs and natural products have been tested against species of Trichosporon. Experimental research has lacked depth or was limited to in vitro and in vivo tests, so there are no promising new candidates for the clinical treatment of patients with trichosporonosis. Furthermore, most studies did not present appropriate scientific criteria for drug tests, compromising their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Malacrida
- Departament of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, CEP, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Tânia P Salci
- Departament of Pharmacy and Science, Faculdade Integrado de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, Paraná, CEP, 87300-970, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Departament of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, CEP, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Ie Svidzinski
- Departament of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, CEP, 87020-900, Brazil
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11
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Cordeiro RDA, Aguiar ALR, da Silva BN, Pereira LMG, Portela FVM, de Camargo ZP, de Lima-Neto RG, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon inkin Biofilms Produce Antifungal-Tolerant Persister Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:645812. [PMID: 33968802 PMCID: PMC8100310 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.645812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Persister cells are metabolically inactive dormant cells that lie within microbial biofilms. They are phenotypic variants highly tolerant to antimicrobials and, therefore, associated with recalcitrant infections. In the present study, we investigated if Trichosporon asahii and T. inkin are able to produce persister cells. Trichosporon spp. are ubiquitous fungi, commonly found as commensals of the human skin and gut microbiota, and have been increasingly reported as agents of fungemia in immunocompromised patients. Biofilms derived from clinical strains of T asahii (n=5) and T. inkin (n=7) were formed in flat-bottomed microtiter plates and incubated at 35°C for 48 h, treated with 100 μg/ml amphotericin B (AMB) and incubated at 35°C for additional 24 h. Biofilms were scraped from the wells and persister cells were assayed for susceptibility to AMB. Additionally, we investigated if these persister cells were able to generate new biofilms and studied their ultrastructure and AMB susceptibility. Persister cells were detected in both T asahii and T. inkin biofilms and showed tolerance to high doses of AMB (up to 256 times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration). Persister cells were able to generate biofilms, however they presented reduced biomass and metabolic activity, and reduced tolerance to AMB, in comparison to biofilm growth control. The present study describes the occurrence of persister cells in Trichosporon spp. and suggests their role in the reduced AMB susceptibility of T. asahii and T. inkin biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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12
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de Aguiar Cordeiro R, da Silva BN, de Aguiar ALR, Pereira LMG, Portela FVM, da Rocha MG, Pergentino MLM, de Santos Sales G, de Sousa JK, de Camargo ZP, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Sidrim JJC. Vancomycin enhances growth and virulence of Trichosporon spp. planktonic cells and biofilms. Med Mycol 2021; 59:793-801. [PMID: 33550417 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are important worldwide health problem, affecting the growing population of immunocompromised patients. Although the majority of IFIs are caused by Candida spp., other fungal species have been increasingly recognized as relevant opportunistic pathogens. Trichosporon spp. are members of skin and gut human microbiota. Since 1980's, invasive trichosporonosis has been considered a significant cause of fungemia in patients with hematological malignancies. As prolonged antibiotic therapy is an important risk factor for IFIs, the present study investigated if vancomycin enhances growth and virulence of Trichosporon. Vancomycin was tested against T. inkin (n = 6) and T. asahii (n = 6) clinical strains. Planktonic cells were evaluated for their metabolic activity and virulence against Caenorhabditis elegans. Biofilms were evaluated for metabolic activity, biomass production, amphotericin B tolerance, induction of persister cells, and ultrastructure. Vancomycin stimulated planktonic growth of Trichosporon spp., increased tolerance to AMB, and potentiates virulence against C. elegans. Vancomycin stimulated growth (metabolic activity and biomass) of Trichosporon spp. biofilms during all stages of development. The antibiotic increased the number of persister cells inside Trichosporon biofilms. These cells showed higher tolerance to AMB than persister cells from VAN-free biofilms. Microscopic analysis showed that VAN increased production of extracellular matrix and cells in T. inkin and T. asahii biofilms. These results suggest that antibiotic exposure may have a direct impact on the pathophysiology of opportunistic trichosporonosis in patients at risk. LAY ABSTRACT This study showed that the vancomycin stimulated Trichosporon growth, induced morphological and physiological changes on their biofilms, and also enhanced their in vivo virulence. Although speculative, the stimulatory effect of vancomycin on fungal cells should be considered in a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nascimento da Silva
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Aguiar
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Galdino Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fernando Victor Monteiro Portela
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Gleiciane da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lara Mendes Pergentino
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gyrliane de Santos Sales
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Kleybson de Sousa
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo-SP, CEP: 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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13
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Costa CL, Azevedo CPD, Quesada-Gómez C, Brito GADC, Regueira-Neto MDS, Guedes GMDM, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC, Cordeiro RDA, Carvalho CBMD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM. Inhibitory effect of Brazilian red propolis on planktonic and biofilm forms of Clostridioides difficile. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102322. [PMID: 33515722 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus which is the leading cause of health-care-associated infective diarrhea. The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens such as C. difficile makes researches on alternative antibacterial products very important, especially those exploring natural products like propolis. Brazilian Red Propolis, found in the Northeast region of Brazil, is composed by products from regional plants that have the antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) against C. difficile strains in planktonic and biofilm forms. The susceptibility of four strains of C. difficile to BRP was analyzed by broth microdilution method and vancomycin was included as control drug. BRP-exposed C. difficile cells were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the effects of BRP on growing and mature C. difficile biofilms were also evaluated. BRP minimum inhibitory concentration was 625 μg/mL against all tested strains, while vancomycin MIC range was 0.5-2 μg/mL. SEM showed the loss of homogeneity in bacterial cell wall and cell fragmentation, after BRP-exposure. BRP, at MIC, reduced (P < 0.05) the biomass, matrix proteins and matrix carbohydrates of growing biofilms, and, at 8xMIC, reduced (P < 0.05) the biomass and matrix proteins of mature biofilms. The present study demonstrated that BRP inhibits planktonic growth, damages cell wall, decreases biofilm growth and harms mature biofilms of C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Leite Costa
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology - GrAMM, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biomedicine School, Christus University, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Pimentel de Azevedo
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology - GrAMM, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Quesada-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Facultad de Microbiología and Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Marcos da Silveira Regueira-Neto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology - GrAMM, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cibele Barreto Mano de Carvalho
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology - GrAMM, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Debora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology - GrAMM, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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14
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Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá L, da Silva CR, Neto JBDA, do Nascimento FBSA, Barroso FDD, da Silva LJ, Cabral VPDF, Barbosa AD, Silva J, Marinho ES, de Moraes MO, Rios MEF, Cavalcanti BC, Lima ISP, Júnior HVN. Antifungal activity of etomidate against growing biofilms of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. strains, binding to mannoproteins and molecular docking with the ALS3 protein. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1221-1227. [PMID: 32894212 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of etomidate against biofilms of Candida spp. and analysed through molecular docking the interaction of this drug with ALS3, an important protein for fungal adhesion. Three fluconazole-resistant fungi were used: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis. Growing biofilms were exposed to etomidate at 31.25-500 µg ml-1. Then, an ALS3 adhesive protein from C. albicans was analysed through a molecular mapping technique, composed of a sequence of algorithms to perform molecular mapping simulation based on classic force field theory. Etomidate showed antifungal activity against growing biofilms of resistant C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis at all concentrations used in the study. The etomidate coupling analysis revealed three interactions with the residues of interest compared to hepta-threonine, which remained at the ALS3 site. In addition, etomidate decreased the expression of mannoproteins on the surface of C. albicans. These results revealed that etomidate inhibited the growth of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisca Bruna Stefany Aires do Nascimento
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Fátima Daiana Dias Barroso
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias Barbosa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-170, CE, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, 62930-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, 62930-000, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Iri Sandro Pampolha Lima
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Barbalha, 63048-080, CE, Brazil
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15
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Brilhante RSN, Silva MLQD, Pereira VS, de Oliveira JS, Maciel JM, Silva INGD, Garcia LGS, Guedes GMDM, Cordeiro RDA, Pereira-Neto WDA, de Camargo ZP, Rodrigues AM, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit biofilms of Sporothrix schenckii species complex in yeast and filamentous forms. Med Mycol 2020; 57:764-772. [PMID: 30462271 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the yeast biofilm growth kinetics and ultrastructure of Sporothrix schenckii complex and assess their mature biofilm susceptibility in filamentous and yeast forms to potassium iodide (KI) and miltefosine (MIL). Yeast biofilms were evaluated by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay and microscopic techniques. Susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cells was analyzed by broth microdilution. S. schenckii complex in yeast form produced biofilms, with an optimum maturation at 96 h, showing multilayered blastoconidia embedded in extracellular matrix. KI and MIL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges against planktonic cells were 62,500-250,000 μg/ml and 0.125-4 μg/ml, respectively. KI and MIL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 75.4% and 67.7% for filamentous form and 55.1% and 51.6% for yeast form, respectively. This study demonstrated that S. schenckii complex forms biofilms in vitro, and potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit Sporothrix spp. biofilms in both filamentous and yeast forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucilene Queiroz da Silva
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Maciel
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isaac Neto Goes da Silva
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lana Glerieide Silva Garcia
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Department of Microbiology, Imunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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16
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Cordeiro RDA, de Andrade ARC, Portela FVM, Pereira LMG, Moura SGB, Sampaio MD, Pereira EMA, de Melo Guedes GM, Bandeira SP, de Lima-Neto RG, Melo VMM, Brilhante RSN, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Proposal for a microcosm biofilm model for the study of vulvovaginal candidiasis. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:610-620. [PMID: 32619353 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1785435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a microcosm biofilm (MiB) model for the study of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Different conditions that mimic the vaginal environment were tested for MiB formation. The best growth conditions were obtained with samples incubated in vaginal fluid simulator medium pH 4.5 at 35 °C under a microaerophilic atmosphere. MiBs were evaluated for growth kinetics, fluconazole susceptibility and morphology. Samples containing high numbers of bacteria were analyzed for metagenomics. At 48 h, MiBs presented a higher cell density (CFU ml-1), a higher biomass and tolerance to fluconazole than their corresponding monospecies biofilms. Morphological analysis of MiBs revealed blastoconidia preferentially adhered to epithelial cells. Abundant Lactobacillus spp. were detected in two clinical samples; their MiBs showed a lower biomass and a higher fluconazole susceptibility. The proposed model proved to be a useful tool for the study of the complex microbial relationship in the vaginal environment, and may help to find new strategies for VVC control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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17
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Chen B, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen R, Zhong X, Wu X, Zheng L, Zhao J. In vitro Evaluation of Photodynamic Effects Against Biofilms of Dermatophytes Involved in Onychomycosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1228. [PMID: 31231330 PMCID: PMC6568038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are the most common cause of onychomycosis, counting for 90% fungal nail infection. Although dermatophyte pathogens are normally susceptible to antifungal agents, onychomycosis often results in refractory chronic disease, and the formation of biofilms frequently underlines the inadequate responses and resistance to standard antifungal treatment. Numerous in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) studies have shown biofilm eradication or substantial reduction, however, such investigation has not yet been expanded to the biofilms of dermatophytes involved in onychomycosis. To shed a light on the potential application of aPDT in the clinic management of onychomycosis, in particular with the manifestation of dermatophytoma, we investigated photodynamic effects on the viabilities and the drug susceptibilities of the biofilm of dermatophytes in vitro. Here, methylene blue at the concentration of 8, 16, and 32 μg/ml applied as photosensitizing agent and LED (635 ± 10 nm, 60 J/cm2) as light source were employed against six strains of Trichophyton rubrum, ten strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and three strains of Microsporum gypseum isolated from clinical specimens. Our results indicated highly efficient photodynamic inhibition, exhibiting CFU (colony forming unit) reduction up to 4.6 log10, 4.3 log10, and 4.7 log10 against the biofilms formed by T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. gypseum, respectively. Subjected biofilms displayed considerable decreases in SMICs (sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations) to multiple antifungal agents when compared with untreated groups, indicating the biofilms of dermatophytes became more susceptible to conventional antifungal drugs after aPDT. Additionally, the obliteration of biofilm after aPDT could be observed as shattered and ruptured structures being evident in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images. These findings suggest that aPDT is an attractive alternative treatment holding great promise for combating recalcitrant onychomycosis associated with the biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | | | - Ruijun Chen
- Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiurong Zhong
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomo Wu
- Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libao Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The effects of diversity of the gut microbiome on inflammation have centered mainly on bacterial flora. Recent research has implicated fungal species and their interactions with other organisms in the inflammatory process. New ways to restore microbial balance in the gut are being explored. Our goal was to identify beneficial probiotic strains that would antagonize these fungal and bacterial pathogens that are elevated in the inflamed gut, and which also have antibiofilm activity. Fungus-bacterium correlation analysis allowed us to identify candidate probiotic species that can antagonize microbial pathogens, which we subsequently incorporated into a novel probiotic formulation. Amylase, which is known to have some antibiofilm activity, was also added to the probiotic mixture. This novel probiotic may have utility for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases by disrupting polymicrobial biofilm formation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases. We have shown that levels of Candida tropicalis, along with those of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens, are significantly elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Here, we evaluated the ability of a novel probiotic to prevent and treat polymicrobial biofilms (PMB) formed by C. tropicalis with E. coli and S. marcescens. Since Candida albicans has been reported to be elevated in CD patients, we investigated the interactions of C. albicans with these bacterial species in biofilm formation. We determined whether the interaction between Candida spp. and bacteria is specific by using Trichosporon inkin and Saccharomyces fibuligera as comparators. Additionally, the effects of probiotics on C. albicans germination and biofilm formation were determined. To determine the ability of the probiotic to prevent or treat mature biofilms, probiotic filtrate was added to the PMB at early (prevention) and mature (treatment) phases. Biofilm thickness and architecture were assessed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. The effects of the probiotic on germination were evaluated in the presence of serum. Exposure of C. tropicalis PMB to probiotic filtrate reduced biofilm matrix, decreased thickness, and inhibited hyphal formation. We showed that C. albicans or C. tropicalis formed significantly thicker PMB than control biofilms, indicating that this interaction is Candida specific. Treatment with probiotic filtrate inhibited C. albicans germination and prevented/treated C. albicans PMB. The designed probiotic may have utility in the management of biofilm-associated gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s and colorectal cancer.
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Sodium butyrate inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Trichosporon spp. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:219-225. [PMID: 30878621 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichosporon spp. have been increasingly recognized as an important pathogen of invasive and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. These species are prone to form biofilms in medical devices such as catheters and prosthesis, which are associated with antifungal resistance and therapeutic failure. Therefore, new antifungals with a broader anti-biofilm activity need to be discovered. In the present study we evaluate the inhibitory potential of sodium butyrate (NaBut) - a histone deacetylase inhibitor that can alter chromatin conformation - against planktonic and sessile cells of T. asahii and T. inkin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NaBut against planktonic cells was evaluated by microdilution and morphological changes were analyzed by optical microscopy on malt agar supplemented with NaBut. Biofilms were evaluated during adhesion, development and after maturation for metabolic activity and biomass, as well as regarding ultrastructure by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. NaBut inhibited the growth of planktonic cells by 50% at 60 mM or 120 mM (p < 0.05) and also reduced filamentation of Trichosporon spp. NaBut reduced adhesion of Trichosporon cells by 45% (10xMIC) on average (p < 0.05). During biofilm development, NatBut (10xMIC) reduced metabolic activity and biomass up to 63% and 81%, respectively (p < 0.05). Mature biofilms were affected by NaBut (10xMIC), showing reduction of metabolic activity and biomass of approximately 48% and 77%, respectively (p < 0.05). Ultrastructure analysis showed that NaBut (MIC and 10xMIC) was able to disassemble mature biofilms. The present study describes the antifungal and anti-biofilm potential of NaBut against these opportunist emerging fungi.
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Brilhante RSN, Alencar LPD, Bandeira SP, Sales JA, Evangelista AJDJ, Serpa R, Cordeiro RDA, Pereira-Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Exposure of Candida parapsilosis complex to agricultural azoles: An overview of the role of environmental determinants for the development of resistance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1231-1238. [PMID: 30308811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the phenotypic behavior of Candida parapsilosis species complex in response to exposure to agricultural azoles and fluconazole. Three fluconazole-susceptible strains of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were used. Initial minimum inhibitory concentrations (iMICs) for agricultural and clinical azoles were determined by broth microdilution. Then, the strains were exposed to tebuconazole, tetraconazole and fluconazole for 15 days, at concentrations that were two-folded daily, starting at one-eighth the iMIC (iMIC/8) up to 64 times iMIC (64xiMIC). After 15-day-exposure, antifungal susceptibility, biofilm formation, CDR, MDR and ERG expression were evaluated. The three cryptic species developed tolerance to the antifungals they were exposed and presented reduction (P < 0.05) in fluconazole susceptibility. In addition, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. metapsilosis also presented reduced susceptibility to voriconazole, after fluconazole exposure. Azole exposure decreased (P < 0.05) biofilm production by C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis and increased (P < 0.05) the expression of ERG11 in all tested strains. The results show that exposure to agricultural azoles and fluconazole induces changes in the phenotypic behavior and gene expression by the three cryptic species of C. parapsilosis complex, highlighting the importance of environmental determinants for the development of antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira de Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silviane Praciano Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antônio José de Jesus Evangelista
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosana Serpa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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21
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Cordeiro RDA, Pereira LMG, de Sousa JK, Serpa R, Andrade ARC, Portela FVM, Evangelista AJDJ, Sales JA, Aguiar ALR, Mendes PBL, Brilhante RSN, Sidrim JJDC, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Rocha MFG. Farnesol inhibits planktonic cells and antifungal-tolerant biofilms of Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon inkin. Med Mycol 2019; 57:1038-1045. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Trichosporon species have been considered important agents of opportunistic systemic infections, mainly among immunocompromised patients. Infections by Trichosporon spp. are generally associated with biofilm formation in invasive medical devices. These communities are resistant to therapeutic antifungals, and therefore the search for anti-biofilm molecules is necessary. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of farnesol against planktonic and sessile cells of clinical Trichosporon asahii (n = 3) andTrichosporon inkin (n = 7) strains. Biofilms were evaluated during adhesion, development stages and after maturation for metabolic activity, biomass and protease activity, as well as regarding morphology and ultrastructure by optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Farnesol inhibited Trichosporon planktonic growth by 80% at concentrations ranging from 600 to 1200 μM for T. asahii and from 75 to 600 μM for T. inkin. Farnesol was able to reduce cell adhesion by 80% at 300 μM for T. asahii and T. inkin at 600 μM, while biofilm development of both species was inhibited by 80% at concentration of 150 μM, altering their structure. After biofilm maturation, farnesol decreased T. asahii biofilm formation by 50% at 600 μM concentration and T. inkin formation at 300 μM. Farnesol inhibited gradual filamentation in a concentration range between 600 and 1200 μM. Farnesol caused reduction of filament structures of Trichosporon spp. at every stage of biofilm development analyzed. These data show the potential of farnesol as an anti-biofilm molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José Kleybson de Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosana Serpa
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jamille Alencar Sales
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ribeiro Aguiar
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio da Costa Sidrim
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Fabio Gadelha Rocha
- Faculty of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Brazil
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A glucuronoxylomannan-like glycan produced by Trichosporon mucoides. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 121:46-55. [PMID: 30268928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Trichosporon asahii shares with Cryptococcus species the ability to produce glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), an immunomodulatory fungal polysaccharide. The ability of other opportunistic species of Trichosporon to produce GXM-like polysaccharides is unknown. In this study, we observed that T. mucoides was less pathogenic than T. asahii in an infection model of Galleria mellonella and asked whether this difference was related to the characteristics of GXM-like molecules. Compositional analysis of samples obtained from both pathogens indicated that the components of GXM (mannose, xylose and glucuronic acid) were, in fact, detected in T. mucoides and T. asahii glycans. The identification of the T. mucoides glycan as a GXM-like molecule was confirmed by its reactivity with a monoclonal antibody raised to cryptococcal GXM and incorporation of the glycan into the cell surface of an acapsular mutant of C. neoformans. T. mucoides and T. asahii glycans differed in molecular dimensions. The antibody to cryptococcal GXM recognized T. mucoides yeast forms less efficiently than T. asahii cells. Experiments with animal cells revealed that the T. mucoides glycan manifested antiphagocytic properties. Comparative phagocytosis assays revealed that T. mucoides and T. asahii were similarly recognized by macrophages. However, fungal association with the phagocytes did not depend on the typical receptors of cryptococcal GXM, as concluded from assays using macrophages obtained from Tlr2-/- and Cd14-/- knockout mice. These results add T. mucoides to the list of fungal pathogens producing GXM-like glycans, but also indicate a high functional diversity of this major fungal immunogen.
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Trichosporon inkin meningitis in Northeast Brazil: first case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:470. [PMID: 30227852 PMCID: PMC6145100 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichosporon species may colonize the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract of human beings. The yeast is recognized as etiological agent of white piedra, a superficial mycosis. Nevertheless, immunocompromised hosts may develop invasive Trichosporonosis. Central nervous system trichosporonosis is a very rare clinical manifestation. In fact, only a few cases have been published in the literature and none of them was caused by Trichosporon inkin. Case presentation Here we report the first clinical case of meningoencephalitis due to this species in a female previously healthy patient under corticosteroids and antibiotics therapy for several months. She was submitted to an invasive procedure to remove a left sided acoustic neuroma and further developed a cerebrospinal fistula. After some days of the procedure, she presented a predominantly and intensive occipital holocranial headache, followed by vomiting, hyporexia, weight loss, asthenia, irritability, difficulty to concentrate and rotator vertigo. The patient further developed a cerebrospinal fistula in the occipital region and was submitted to a surgical correction. After several months of clinical interventions, she was diagnosed with CNS Trichosporonosis, after Magnetic Resonance Imaging and positive microbiological cultures obtained within two different occasions (2 weeks apart). Despite the antifungal therapy with Amphotericin B and Voriconazole, the patient did not survive. Conclusions Despite CNS Fungal infections are mostly due to Cryptococcus spp., other emergent yeasts, such as T. inkin may be considered as a likely etiological agent. This is the first case report of CNS Trichosporonosis, where species identification was performed with rDNA sequencing.
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Cordeiro RDA, Weslley Caracas Cedro E, Raquel Colares Andrade A, Serpa R, José de Jesus Evangelista A, Sales de Oliveira J, Santos Pereira V, Pereira Alencar L, Bruna Leite Mendes P, Cibelle Soares Farias B, Maria Maciel Melo V, Pires de Camargo Z, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D, Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante R, Júlio Costa Sidrim J, Fábio Gadelha Rocha M. Inhibitory effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis on planktonic and sessile cells of Trichosporon spp. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:309-319. [PMID: 29560729 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1437617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a bacterial biosurfactant (TIM96) on clinical strains of Trichosporon. Additionally, the effect of TIM96 on the ergosterol content, cell membrane integrity, and the hydrophobicity of planktonic cells was assessed. The inhibitory activity of TIM96 against Trichosporon biofilms was evaluated by analyzing metabolic activity, biomass and morphology. MIC values ranged from 78.125 to 312.5 μg ml-1 for TIM96; time-kill curves revealed that the decline in the number of fungal cells started after incubation for 6 h with TIM96 at both MIC and 2×MIC. The biosurfactant reduced the cellular ergosterol content and altered the membrane permeability and the surface hydrophobicity of planktonic cells. Incubation at 10×MIC TIM96 reduced cell adhesion by up to 96.89%, thus interfering with biofilm formation. This concentration also caused up to a 99.2% reduction in the metabolic activity of mature biofilms. The results indicate potential perspectives for the development of new antifungal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosana Serpa
- b Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Pereira Alencar
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | | | - Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
- c Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- d Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- b Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- a Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- e School of Veterinary , State University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
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Montoya AM, Elizondo-Zertuche M, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Becerril-García M, González GM. Biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon asahii isolates from Mexican patients. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 35:22-26. [PMID: 29287630 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichosporon asahii is a yeast-like fungus that has recently gained importance as a cause of opportunistic systemic infections. The pathogenicity and virulence factors of T. asahii remain largely unknown. Because of the association between invasive infections and the use of catheters and related devices, the ability of the microorganism to adhere and form biofilms may play an important role in the pathogenicity during a trichosporonosis. AIMS The aim of this study is to identify an association between biofilm formation by T. asahii isolates and their genotype and/or clinical source. METHODS The biofilm production of 49 T. asahii strains isolated from Mexican patients was measured using the crystal violet stain method, and a comparison made with different adhesion phase incubation times. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using a modified CLSI protocol coupled with the quantification of the viable cells with the XTT reduction method. RESULTS All the T. asahii isolates assayed were able to produce biofilm in vitro, with an intraspecific variability being observed. Overall, increased biofilm production was found when extending the adhesion phase incubation time from 2 to 4h. No association could be established between the biofilm-producing phenotype and either the genotype or clinical source. Higher antifungal resistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole was linked to increased biofilm production by T. asahii. CONCLUSIONS All clinical isolates tested were able to produce biofilm. No association could be established between biofilm formation and genotype or clinical source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Montoya
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Miguel Becerril-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gloria M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Cordeiro RDA, Serpa R, Mendes PBL, Evangelista AJDJ, Andrade ARC, Franco JDS, Pereira VDS, Alencar LPD, Oliveira JSD, Camargo ZPD, Lima Neto RGD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Brilhante RSN, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. The HIV aspartyl protease inhibitor ritonavir impairs planktonic growth, biofilm formation and proteolytic activity in Trichosporon spp. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:640-650. [PMID: 28871863 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1350947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the protease inhibitor ritonavir (RIT) on Trichosporon asahii and Trichosporon inkin. Susceptibility to RIT was assessed by the broth microdilution assay and the effect of RIT on protease activity was evaluated using azoalbumin as substrate. RIT was tested for its anti-biofilm properties and RIT-treated biofilms were assessed regarding protease activity, ultrastructure and matrix composition. In addition, antifungal susceptibility, surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation were evaluated after pre-incubation of planktonic cells with RIT for 15 days. RIT (200 μg ml-1) inhibited Trichosporon growth. RIT (100 μg ml-1) also reduced protease activity of planktonic and biofilm cells, decreased cell adhesion and biofilm formation, and altered the structure of the biofilm and the protein composition of the biofilm matrix. Pre-incubation with RIT (100 μg ml-1) increased the susceptibility to amphotericin B, and reduced surface hydrophobicity and cell adhesion. These results highlight the importance of proteases as promising therapeutic targets and reinforce the antifungal potential of protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosana Serpa
- a Medical Mycology Specialized Center , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- b Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Fabio Gadelha Rocha
- a Medical Mycology Specialized Center , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- d Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , State University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
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27
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Brilhante RSN, Correia EEM, Guedes GMDM, Pereira VS, Oliveira JSD, Bandeira SP, Alencar LPD, Andrade ARCD, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Cordeiro RDA, Pinheiro ADQ, Chaves LJQ, Pereira Neto WDA, Sidrim JJC, Rocha MFG. Quantitative and structural analyses of the in vitro and ex vivo biofilm-forming ability of dermatophytes. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1045-1052. [PMID: 28708048 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo biofilm-forming ability of dermatophytes on a nail fragment. METHODOLOGY Initially, four isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, six of Trichophyton tonsurans, three of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, ten of Microsporum canis and three of Microsporum gypseum were tested for production biomass by crystal violet assay. Then, one strain per species presenting the best biofilm production was chosen for further studies by optical microscopy (Congo red staining), confocal laser scanning (LIVE/DEAD staining) and scanning electron (secondary electron) microscopy. RESULTS Biomass quantification by crystal violet assay, optical microscope images of Congo red staining, confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope images revealed that all species studied are able to form biofilms both in vitro and ex vivo, with variable density and architecture. M. gypseum, T. rubrum and T. tonsurans produced robust biofilms, with abundant matrix and biomass, while M. canis produced the weakest biofilms compared to other species. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on biofilms of different dermatophyte species, which will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of dermatophytosis. Further studies of this type are necessary to investigate the processes involved in the formation and composition of dermatophyte biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Emanuel Monteiro Correia
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue Santos Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Silviane Praciano Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pereira de Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Colares de Andrade
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Queiroz Pinheiro
- School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Jackson Queiroz Chaves
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro de Aquino Pereira Neto
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Synergistic action of amphotericin B and rhamnolipid in combination on Candida parapsilosis and Trichosporon cutaneum. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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