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Jeyaraman M, Eltzov E. Enhancing food safety: A low-cost biosensor for Bacillus licheniformis detection in food products. Talanta 2024; 276:126152. [PMID: 38718642 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
To enhance food safety, the need for swift and precise detection of B. licheniformis, a bacterium prevalent in various environments, including soil and food products, is paramount. This study presents an innovative and cost-effective bioassay designed to specifically identify the foodborne pathogen, B. licheniformis, utilizing a colorimetric signal approach. The biosensor, featuring a 3D-printed architecture, incorporates a casein-based liquid-proof gelatine film, selectively liquefying in response to the caseinolytic/proteolytic activity of external enzymes from the pathogen. As the sample liquefies, it progresses through a color layer, causing the migration of dye to an absorbent layer, resulting in a distinct positive signal. This bioassay exhibits exceptional sensitivity, detecting concentrations as low as 1 CFU/mL within a 9.3-h assay duration. Notably, this cost-efficient bioassay outperforms conventional methods in terms of efficacy and cost-effectiveness, offering a straightforward solution for promptly detecting B. licheniformis in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareeswaran Jeyaraman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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2
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Ochi T, Oh K, Konishi H. Pylephlebitis Caused by Bacillus subtilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Intern Med 2024; 63:799-802. [PMID: 37438133 PMCID: PMC11009003 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2150-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 90-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of general malaise. He was febrile (39.3°C) but the initial evaluation did not reveal the cause of the fever. After admission, Bacillus subtilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were grown from multiple sets of blood cultures. In addition, contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed thrombi in the portal vein and superior mesenteric vein; he was diagnosed with pylephlebitis. After receiving antimicrobial treatment and anticoagulation, the patient was cured. Pylephlebitis is a rare condition and may be the cause of unknown fevers. This is the first reported case of pylephlebitis caused by Bacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ochi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Japan
| | - Koji Oh
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konishi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Japan
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3
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Fowora MA, Aiyedogbon A, Omolopo I, Tajudeen AO, Olanlege AL, Abioye A, Akintunde GB, Salako BL. Effect of nasal carriage of Bacillus species on COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0184323. [PMID: 38193730 PMCID: PMC10846055 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01843-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intranasal sprays containing Bacillus species are being researched for treating viral respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity. This was a cross-sectional study that collected nasopharyngeal samples from adults 18 years and above visiting two COVID-19 testing centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between September 2020 and September 2021. Bacillus species were cultured from the samples and confirmed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. The dependent variable was COVID-19 status classified as negative, asymptomatic, mild, or severe. The independent variable was the nasal carriage of Bacillus species. Multinomial regression analysis was done to determine the association between nasal carriage of Bacillus and COVID-19 severity after adjusting for age, sex, and co-morbidity status. A total of 388 participants were included in the study with mean (standard deviation) age of 40.05 (13.563) years. Sixty-one percent of the participants were male, 100 (25.8%) had severe COVID-19, 130 (33.5%) had pre-existing comorbidity, and 76 (19.6%) had Bacillus cultured from their nasopharyngeal specimen. Bacillus species presence was significantly associated with higher odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a negative COVID-19 status (AOR = 3.347, 95% CI: 1.359, 8.243). However, the presence of Bacillus species was significantly associated with lower odds of severe COVID-19 compared to having a mild COVID-19 status. The study suggests that nasal carriage of Bacillus species is associated with the clinical course of COVID-19 and supports the exploration of Bacillus species in the management of viral respiratory tract infections.IMPORTANCEWith the introduction of intranasal spray containing Bacillus species for the treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus, identifying the association between the nasal carriage of Bacillus species and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity will help further substantiate the investigation of these bacteria for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the association between the carriage of Bacillus species in the nasopharyngeal tract and COVID-19 severity and found that the presence of Bacillus species in the nasopharynx may significantly impact the clinical course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muinah A. Fowora
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Aiyedogbon
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibilola Omolopo
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed O. Tajudeen
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Lateef Olanlege
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Science., Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace B. Akintunde
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde L. Salako
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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4
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Avetisov SE, Rodina ES, Kravchik MV, Kosova JV, Fettser EI, Novikov IA. [Study of the growth temperature of ocular surface microorganisms in norm and in infectious keratitis]. Vestn Oftalmol 2024; 140:34-42. [PMID: 38962977 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202414003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Standard bacteriological examinations, which involve culturing microorganisms at 37 °C, are commonly used in clinical practice for diagnosing infectious diseases. However, the growth temperature of microorganisms on the ocular surface (OS) during infectious keratitis (IK) may not coincide with the laboratory standard, which is due to the characteristic features of heat exchange in the eye. PURPOSE This exploratory study examines the distribution and properties of OS microorganisms isolated under different temperature cultivation conditions in patients with IK and healthy volunteers without ophthalmic pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=10) consisted of patients with signs of unilateral infectious keratitis, while group 2 (n=5) served as the control group. A novel microbiological method was employed to isolate pure cultures of microorganisms. This method involved cultivating microorganisms at two temperature regimes (37 °C and 24 °C) and subsequently identifying them using biochemical, immunological, and physicochemical techniques, including mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with lanthanide staining used as the reference method. The temperature status of the ocular surface was assessed using non-contact infrared thermography. RESULTS The study demonstrated the presence of psychrotolerant microorganisms on the ocular surface, which exhibited growth at a relatively low temperature of 24 °C. These psychrotolerant microorganisms were found to be isolated from the ocular surface displaying signs of temperature dysregulation. Among such microorganisms are Acinetobacter lwoffii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas luteola, Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSION When identifying the causative agent of infectious keratitis, it is crucial to consider the divergence of growth temperature of ocular surface microorganisms. The presence of psychrotolerant microorganisms on the ocular surface, which can effectively grow at room temperature, should be taken into account, especially in cases of temperature dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Avetisov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Rodina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Kravchik
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - J V Kosova
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Fettser
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Novikov
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Cismasiu RS, Birlutiu RM, Preoțescu LL. Uncommon Septic Arthritis of the Hip Joint in an Immunocompetent Adult Patient Due to Bacillus pumilus and Paenibacillus barengoltzii Managed with Long-Term Treatment with Linezolid: A Case Report and Short Literature Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1743. [PMID: 38139869 PMCID: PMC10747381 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus and Paenibacillus genera are diverse soil-related bacterial pathogens. In this case report, we describe, to our knowledge, the first report of septic arthritis in a native hip joint in an immunocompetent adult patient caused by Bacillus pumilus and Paenibacillus barengoltzii. We describe the case of a 39-year-old Caucasian male patient who sought medical advice for chronic pain on the mobilization of the right hip, decreased range of motion, and physical asthenia. The patient underwent a surgical intervention (core decompression) for a right osteonecrosis of the femoral head, with a slightly favorable postoperative evolution after surgery for one month. Surgical treatment was planned on the basis of clinical and paraclinical investigations and the joint damage. The hip was explored using an anterior approach under spinal anesthesia and standard antibiotic prophylaxis. After resection of the femoral head, meticulous debridement of all inflammatory tissues was performed, and a preformed temporary spacer was inserted into the femoral canal. Bacteriological laboratory studies identified Bacillus pumilus and Paenibacillus barengoltzii via matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. The patient initially received nine days of empirical therapy with intravenous antibiotics (linezolid and meropenem). After the bacterial strains were identified, the patient received organism-specific antibiotic therapy with the same antibiotics and dose for eight days until discharge. After discharge, the patient was referred to another hospital, where he continued treatment with linezolid for seven weeks and, after that, four weeks of oral therapy with cotrimoxazole and rifampicin. During this period, no severe or potentially life-threatening adverse events were recorded during long-term treatment with linezolid or with the two oral antibiotics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that long-term treatment with linezolid may be a viable option for the management of bone and joint infections caused by Bacillus pumilus and Paenibacillus barengoltzii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Silviu Cismasiu
- Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Osteoarticular TB Bucharest, B-dul Ferdinand 35-37, Sector 2, 021382 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Rares-Mircea Birlutiu
- Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Osteoarticular TB Bucharest, B-dul Ferdinand 35-37, Sector 2, 021382 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Liliana Lucia Preoțescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Janiszewska D, Złoch M, Pomastowski P, Szultka-Młyńska M. Implications of Sample Preparation Methods on the MALDI-TOF MS Identification of Spore-Forming Bacillus Species from Food Samples: A Closer Look at Bacillus licheniformis, Peribacillus simplex, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus marisflavi. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34982-34994. [PMID: 37779958 PMCID: PMC10536843 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This research underscores the criticality of tailored culture conditions and incubation periods for effective and accurate identification of spore-forming bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis, Peribacillus simplex, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus marisflav, isolated from food samples, utilizing the MALDI-TOF MS technique. All isolated strains were confirmed as Gram-positive bacteria from diverse genera through 16S rDNA gene sequencing. To enhance the accuracy of the identification process, the study employed an optimization strategy involving a varied incubation time (ranging from 1 to 48 h) and two distinct sample preparation approaches-direct transfer facilitated by formic acid and protein extraction via ethanol. It was observed that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) could successfully identify approximately 47% of the samples following a 24 h incubation period. The study emphasizes the critical role of sample preparation methods in enabling precise bacterial identification. Our findings reveal the necessity of tailoring the incubation time for each sample, as the optimum period for accurate identification fluctuated between 1 and 12 h. Further demonstrating the interplay between incubation time and spore quantity, our study used the Schaeffer-Fulton staining method to show that the lowest spore counts were detected between 5 and 8 h of incubation. This provides evidence that spore formation impacts bacterial identification. Our research thus deepens the understanding of spore-forming bacteria identification using MALDI-TOF MS and illuminates the various factors affecting the dependability and accuracy of this technique. Future research may explore additional variables, such as the effect of varying culture media, to further augment identification accuracy and gain a holistic understanding of spore-forming bacterial behavior in food samples. By enhancing our knowledge, these findings can substantially contribute to improving food safety and quality assurance strategies by enabling the more accurate and efficient identification of spore-forming bacteria in the food industry, thereby elevating the standards of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Janiszewska
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Michał Złoch
- Centre
for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre
for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Crystal structure report of the ImmR transcriptional regulator DNA-binding domain of the Bacillus subtilis ICEBs1 transposon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5258. [PMID: 35347179 PMCID: PMC8960796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a commensal member of the human oral and gut microbiomes, which can become infectious to immunocompromised patients. It possesses a conjugative transposon, ICEBs1, which includes > 20 genes and can be passed by horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria, including pathogenic Bacillus anthracis and Listeria monocytogenes. ICEBs1 is regulated by the ImmR/ImmA tandem, which are a transcriptional repressor that constitutively blocks transcription and a metallopeptidase that acts as anti-repressor and inactivates ImmR by proteolytic cleavage. We here report the production and purification of 127-residue ImmR from ICEBs1 and the crystal structure of its DNA-binding domain. It features a five-helix bundle centred on a helix-turn-helix motif potentially binding the major grove of double-stranded target DNA. ImmR shows structural and mechanistic similarity with the B. subtilis SinR repressor, which is engaged in sporulation inhibition.
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8
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Todorov SD, Ivanova IV, Popov I, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Bacillus spore-forming probiotics: benefits with concerns? Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:513-530. [PMID: 34620036 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1983517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of the genus Bacillus are multifunctional microorganisms with a broad range of applications in both traditional fermentation and modern biotechnological processes. Bacillus spp. has several beneficial properties. They serve as starter cultures for various traditional fermented foods and are important biotechnological producers of enzymes, antibiotics, and bioactive peptides. They are also used as probiotics for humans, in veterinary medicine, and as feed additives for animals of agricultural importance. The beneficial effects of bacilli are well-reported and broadly acknowledged. However, with a better understanding of their positive role, many questions have been raised regarding their safety and the relevance of spore formation in the practical application of this group of microorganisms. What is the role of Bacillus spp. in the human microbial consortium? When and why did they start colonizing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and other animals? Can spore-forming probiotics be considered as truly beneficial organisms, or should they still be approached with caution and regarded as "benefits with concerns"? In this review, we not only hope to answer the above questions but to expand the scope of the conversation surrounding bacilli probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iskra Vitanova Ivanova
- Department of General and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Igor Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Leonidas Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.,Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Persistence of Pathogens on Inanimate Surfaces: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020343. [PMID: 33572303 PMCID: PMC7916105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential. In addition to respiratory, fecal-oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via surfaces plays a vital role for human pathogenic infections-especially nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, information about the survival of pathogens on surfaces can have direct implications on clinical measures, including hygiene guidelines and disinfection strategies. In this review, we reviewed the existing literature regarding viral, bacterial, and fungal persistence on inanimate surfaces. In particular, the current knowledge of the survival time and conditions of clinically relevant pathogens is summarized. While many pathogens persist only for hours, common nosocomial pathogens can survive for days to weeks under laboratory conditions and thereby potentially form a continuous source of transmission if no adequate inactivation procedures are performed.
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10
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Singh N, Hussain A, Kumar Singh S. Morphological transitions of Bacillus subtilis in the presence of food-grade lipidic nanoemulsions. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1223-1230. [PMID: 32147836 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to study the antibacterial activity of food-grade lipidic nanoemulsion (noncationized/cationized) against Bacillus subtilis (BS). Bactericidal activity was ascertained by studying the morphological transitions on BS using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological changes were witnessed by cell wall breakage, oozing out of cellular contents, loss of cell turgidity and contour. Furthermore, aggregation of cationic nanoemulsion (CaNM) was preferentially observed at apical side of BS construing comparatively more electrostatic attraction between electronegative apical side and CaNM. Resistance response of BS exhibited by apical cell-wall thickening was not able to protect the bacteria due to leakage of cellular content. AFM corroborated its importance in bacteriology, wherein the fragmented cell wall can be "piece-by-piece" identified and sutured back to its appropriate vacant places, thereby, completing the cell wall contour of the ghost cell. Such postmortem analysis of bacterial cell using AFM studies can throw light toward mechanism of cell fragmentation of bacterial cells. SEM study also demonstrated the deformed, fragmented, and amorphous nature of BS construing the bactericidal effect of prepared nanoemulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Singh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Technology, University Polytechnic, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Dichtl K, Koeppel MB, Wallner CP, Marx T, Wagener J, Ney L. Food poisoning: an underestimated cause of Boerhaave syndrome. Infection 2019; 48:125-128. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Dennison SR, Hauß T, Badiani K, Harris F, Phoenix DA. Biophysical investigation into the antibacterial action of modelin-5-NH 2. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4215-4226. [PMID: 31074477 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Modelin-5-CONH2 (M5-NH2) is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide, which was found to show potent activity against Bacillus subtilis (minimum lethal concentration = 8.47 μM) and to bind strongly to membranes of the organism (Kd = 10.44 μM). The peptide adopted high levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure in the presence of these membranes (>50%), which led to high levels of insertion (Δπ ≥ 8.0 mN m-1). M5-NH2 showed high affinity for anionic lipid (Kd = 7.46 μM) and zwitterionic lipid (Kd = 14.7 μM), which drove insertion into membranes formed from these lipids (Δπ = 11.5 and 3.5 mN m-1, respectively). Neutron diffraction studies showed that M5-NH2 inserted into B. subtilis membranes with its N-terminal residue, L16, located 5.5 Å from the membrane centre, in the acyl chain region of these membranes, and promoted a reduction in membrane thickness of circa 1.8 Å or 5% of membrane width. Insertion into B. subtilis membranes by the peptide also promoted other effects associated with membrane thinning, including increases in membrane surface area (Cs-1 decreases) and fluidity (ΔGmix > 0 to ΔGmix < 0). Membrane insertion and thinning by M5-NH2 induced high levels of lysis (>55%), and it is speculated that the antibacterial action of the peptide may involve the toroidal pore, carpet or tilted-type mechanism of membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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13
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Celandroni F, Vecchione A, Cara A, Mazzantini D, Lupetti A, Ghelardi E. Identification of Bacillus species: Implication on the quality of probiotic formulations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217021. [PMID: 31107885 PMCID: PMC6527297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spores of several Bacillus species have long history of consumption and safe use as probiotics and a variety of formulations containing these organisms are available in the global market. Considering the difficulties in the identification of Bacillus species and the poor microbiological quality of many probiotic formulations, we used three up-to-date methodological approaches for analyzing the content of ten formulations marketed in Italy and labeled to contain Bacillus spores. We compared the performance of biochemical tests based on the BCL Vitek2 card and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, using 16S rDNA sequencing as the reference technique. The BCL card performed well in identifying all Bacillus probiotic strains as well as the Bruker’s MALDI Biotyper. Nevertheless, the MALDI score values were sometimes lower than those indicated by the manufacturer for correct species identification. Contaminant bacteria (Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus cereus, Brevibacillus choshinensis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus badius) were detected in some formulations. Characterization of the B. cereus contaminant showed the potential pathogenicity of this strain. Microbial enumeration performed by the plate count method revealed that the number of viable cells contained in many of the analyzed products differed from the labeled amount. Overall, our data show that only two of the ten analyzed formulations qualitatively and quantitatively respect what is on the label. Since probiotic properties are most often strain specific, molecular typing of isolates of the two most common Bacillus species, B. clausii and B. coagulans, was also performed. In conclusion, the majority of the analyzed products do not comply with quality requirements, most likely leading to reduced/absent efficacy of the preparation and representing a potential infective risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vecchione
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Cara
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health-Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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14
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Kaboré A, Tranchot-Diallo J, Hien H, Zouré O, Zingué D, Sanou A, Gomgnimbou MK, Daneau G, Ouédraogo GA, Méda N, Sangaré L. Identification of spore-forming bacteria isolated from contaminated Lowenstein Jensen media and effectiveness of Vancomycin to reduce Mycobacterial culture contamination in Burkina-Faso. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7194. [PMID: 31076625 PMCID: PMC6510733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The type of commensal microorganisms can influence the efficiency of sputum decontamination for TB diagnosis. A basic characterization of contaminants from LJ contaminated media showed that Gram positive Spore Forming Bacteria (SFB) were the major contaminants. This study aims to identify the species of this contaminants and to evaluate the effectiveness of VCNT at 10 µg of vancomycin to reduce mycobacterial culture contamination mainly linked to SFB. Fifty-three SFB isolated between February 2016 and May 2017 were used. The effectiveness of LJ with VCNT at 10 µg of Vancomycin were evaluated with sputum collected in the same period. SFB had been stored at -20 °C and identified after subculture onto 5% sheep blood Columbia agar and incubated at 37 °C during 24 h. Bacteria cells and isolated colonies were described. API 50CH/B was performed and MALDI-TOF MS was used for external quality control. Thirty- five (66%) isolates representing 4 genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevisbacillus and Lysinibacillus) including 10 species were identified. The most important species were Bacillus cereus (30%) and Bacillus licheniformis (21%). Eighteen (34%) isolates were non-reactive Bacillus. The overall contamination rate on LJ with VCNT at 10 µg of vancomycin was statistically lower than which without VCNT (18.7% versus 43.8%) (p = 0.01). The most important SFB identified were B. cereus and B. licheniformis. Almost all identified strains were similar to those currently isolated in fermented traditional food suggesting in part food related contaminants. VCNT containing 10 µg of vancomycin is a good alternative method to reduce mycobacterial culture contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Kaboré
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre MURAZ, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Juliette Tranchot-Diallo
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre MURAZ, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- UFR/ST, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hervé Hien
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ousséni Zouré
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre MURAZ, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dezémon Zingué
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre MURAZ, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Sanou
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre MURAZ, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- UFR/ST, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Michel Kireopori Gomgnimbou
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre MURAZ, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- UFR/ST, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Nicolas Méda
- Département de Santé Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassana Sangaré
- Département de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Yalgado OUEDRAOGO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- UFR/SDS, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Gregory J, Hecht J. Esophageal perforation: a research review of the anti-infective treatment. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:953-962. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Bacillus subtilis CFR5 isolated from fermented soybean attenuates the chronic pancreatitis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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17
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Identification and Pathogenic Potential of Clinical Bacillus and Paenibacillus Isolates. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152831. [PMID: 27031639 PMCID: PMC4816569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-related Bacillus and Paenibacillus species have increasingly been implicated in various human diseases. Nevertheless, their identification still poses problems in the clinical microbiology laboratory and, with the exception of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus, little is known on their pathogenicity for humans. In this study, we evaluated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption—ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the identification of clinical isolates of these genera and conducted genotypic and phenotypic analyses to highlight specific virulence properties. Seventy-five clinical isolates were subjected to biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS identification. 16S rDNA sequencing and supplemental tests were used to solve any discrepancies or failures in the identification results. MALDI-TOF MS significantly outperformed classical biochemical testing for correct species identification and no misidentification was obtained. One third of the collected strains belonged to the B. cereus species, but also Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis were isolated at high rate. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that all the B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. simplex, B. mycoides, Paenibacillus glucanolyticus and Paenibacillus lautus isolates are resistant to penicillin. The evaluation of toxin/enzyme secretion, toxin-encoding genes, motility, and biofilm formation revealed that B. cereus displays the highest virulence potential. However, although generally considered nonpathogenic, most of the other species were shown to swim, swarm, produce biofilms, and secrete proteases that can have a role in bacterial virulence. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS appears useful for fast and accurate identification of Bacillus and Paenibacillus strains whose virulence properties make them of increasing clinical relevance.
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Organji SR, Abulreesh HH, Elbanna K, Osman GEH, Khider M. Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in food and infant feces. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Virgilio E, Mercantini P, La Gumina G, Grieco M, Vitali M, Cavallini M. Empyema Thoracis after Blunt Traumatic Esophageal Perforation. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:647-8. [PMID: 26110701 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Virgilio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza," St. Andrea Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mercantini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza," St. Andrea Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Gumina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza," St. Andrea Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Grieco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza," St. Andrea Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Vitali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza," St. Andrea Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cavallini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology "Sapienza," St. Andrea Hospital , Rome, Italy
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20
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Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2013 update). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Gunes H, Gulen D, Mutlu R, Gumus A, Tas T, Topkaya AE. Antibacterial effects of curcumin: An in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration study. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:246-50. [PMID: 24097361 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibacterial effect of curcumin with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in standard bacterial strains. METHODS The in vitro antibacterial activity of curcumin was evaluated against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (ATCC 29213), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) using the macrodilution broth susceptibility test method. After incubation in tubes, the antibacterial activity of curcumin was detected by a lack of turbidity, which indicated the inhibition of bacterial growth. The concentration in the tube with the highest dilution showing no turbidity was defined as the MIC. RESULTS The curcumin MIC values were 175 µg/ml, 129 µg/ml, 219 µg/ml, 217 µg/ml, 163 µg/ml, 293 µg/ml and 216 µg/ml against P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, MSSA, MRSA, E. coli, E. faecalis and K. Pneumonia, respectively. CONCLUSION This study revealed antibacterial effects of curcumin against standard bacterial strains in high concentrations. Animal experiments have demonstrated that curcumin applied at high doses has strong antibacterial activity. There is a need for further in vivo studies to shed light on antibacterial effects of curcumin with high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayati Gunes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Dumrul Gulen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Mutlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Gumus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Tekin Tas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Aynur Eren Topkaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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