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Williams EP, Nandi A, Nam V, Allen LJS, Trindade AA, Kosiewicz MM, Jonsson CB. Modeling the Immune Response for Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Orthohantavirus Infections in Human Lung Microvasculature Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1806. [PMID: 37766212 PMCID: PMC10535571 DOI: 10.3390/v15091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses, genus Orthohantavirus, family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales, are negative-sense, single-stranded, tri-segmented RNA viruses that persistently infect rodents, shrews, and moles. Of these, only certain virus species harbored by rodents are pathogenic to humans. Infection begins with inhalation of virus particles into the lung and trafficking to the lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVEC). The reason why certain rodent-borne hantavirus species are pathogenic has long been hypothesized to be related to their ability to downregulate and dysregulate the immune response as well as increase vascular permeability of infected endothelial cells. We set out to study the temporal dynamics of host immune response modulation in primary human LMVECs following infection by Prospect Hill (nonpathogenic), Andes (pathogenic), and Hantaan (pathogenic) viruses. We measured the level of RNA transcripts for genes representing antiviral, proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic pathways from 12 to 72 h with time points every 12 h. Gene expression analysis in conjunction with mathematical modeling revealed a similar profile for all three viruses in terms of upregulated genes that partake in interferon signaling (TLR3, IRF7, IFNB1), host immune cell recruitment (CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5), and host immune response modulation (IDO1). We examined secreted protein levels of IFN-β, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL5, and IDO in two male and two female primary HLMVEC donors at 48 and 60 h post infection. All three viruses induced similar levels of CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11 within a particular donor, and the levels were similar in three of the four donors. All three viruses induced different protein secretion levels for both IFN-β and IDO and secretion levels differed between donors. In conclusion, we show that there was no difference in the transcriptional profiles of key genes in primary HLMVECs following infection by pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantaviruses, with protein secretion levels being more donor-specific than virus-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Aadrita Nandi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Victoria Nam
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Linda J. S. Allen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - A. Alexandre Trindade
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (A.N.); (V.N.); (L.J.S.A.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Michele M. Kosiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Colleen B. Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
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Jose S, Jerome R, Krishnan A, Jagan OA, Li D, Menon V. Differential Expression Patterns of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and Other Tryptophan and Arginine Catabolic Pathway Genes in Dengue Correlate with Clinical Severity-Pilot Study Results. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:268-281. [PMID: 36921291 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism can modulate inflammatory responses inducing immunotolerance or immunosuppressive effects. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. Early aberrant inflammation is implicated in severe dengue, and herein we investigate and characterize the expression of IDO pathway genes in severe dengue patients. We use a SyBR green-based qPCR to evaluate the leukocyte expression levels of IDO1, IDO2, AhR, TGF-β, ARG1, IFNγ, and IFNα in a dengue patient cohort (n = 51). Twenty-two cases were identified as severe dengue using the WHO case classification (2009) criteria. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to examine the relationships of gene expression profiles with disease severity and laboratory markers of clinical severity. We find that two principal components describe most of the variance (65.3%) in the expression patterns of the cohort. Reduced expression of IDO1, TGF-β, and AhR, represented by low Component 2 scores, was significantly associated with disease severity, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Higher expression levels of IDO2, IFNγ, and IFNα positively correlated with Component 1 scores, and were significantly associated with elevated ALT (p = 0.018) and AST (p = 0.017) enzymes. Our results suggest that profiling the baseline expression patterns of the IDO pathway genes may aid in the identification of dengue patients most at risk of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Jose
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Roshni Jerome
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Ajai Krishnan
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | | | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Veena Menon
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
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Losada PX, Bosch I, Frydman GH, Gehrke L, Narváez CF. Dengue and Zika virus differential infection of human megakaryoblast MEG-01 reveals unique cellular markers. Virology 2022; 577:16-23. [PMID: 36257128 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelet count is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with dengue. Despite its close viral structural and symptomatic homology, ZIKV infection does not typically induce significant thrombocytopenia. To determine the effect of DENV-2 and ZIKV infection on human platelet precursors we utilized MEG-01 cell line to evaluate the viral infection, viability, innate gene expression and release of platelet-like particles (PLPs). DENV-2 induced a higher proportion of cell death at 48-72 h post-infection than ZIKV. The median range of intracellular NS1+/E+ cells was 11.2% (3.3%-25%) and 5% (3%-8.1%) for DENV-2 and ZIKV, respectively (p = 0.03). MEG-01 cells infected with DENV-2 quickly expressed higher levels of IFN-β, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase and CXCL10 mRNA compared to ZIKV infected cells and DENV-2 but not ZIKV infection reduced the number PLPs from stimulated MEG-01 cells. The results shed light into mechanisms including thrombocytopenia present in patients with DENV but absent in ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, 410001, Huila, Colombia
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Galit H Frydman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, 410001, Huila, Colombia.
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Jusof FF, Lim CK, Aziz FN, Soe HJ, Raju CS, Sekaran SD, Guillemin GJ. The Cytokines CXCL10 and CCL2 and the Kynurenine Metabolite Anthranilic Acid Accurately Predict Patients at Risk of Developing Dengue With Warning Signs. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1964-1973. [PMID: 35767283 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resolution or aggravation of dengue infection depends on the patient's immune response during the critical phase. Cytokines released by immune cells increase with the worsening severity of dengue infections. Cytokines activate the kynurenine pathway (KP) and the extent of KP activation then influences disease severity. METHODS KP metabolites and cytokines in plasma samples of patients with dengue infection (dengue without warning signs [DWS-], dengue with warning signs [DWS+], or severe dengue) were analyzed. Cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-ɣ], tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, CXCL10/interferon-inducile protein 10 [IP-10], interleukin 18 [IL-18], CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta [MIP-1β] were assessed by a Human Luminex Screening Assay, while KP metabolites (tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid [AA], picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid) were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry [GCMS] assays. RESULTS Patients with DWS+ had increased activation of the KP where kynurenine-tryptophan ratio, anthranilic acid, and picolinic acid were elevated. These patients also had higher levels of the cytokines IFN-ɣ, CXCL10, CCL4, and IL-18 than those with DWS-. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 3 prognostic biomarker candidates, CXCL10, CCL2, and AA, which predicted patients with higher risks of developing DWS+ with an accuracy of 97%. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a unique biochemical signature in patients with DWS+. CXCL10 and CCL2 together with AA are potential prognostic biomarkers that discern patients with higher risk of developing DWS+ at earlier stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Fedelis Jusof
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fazidatul Nadhirah Aziz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jen Soe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University Springhill Campus, Bandar Springhill, Port Dickson, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Motor Neurone Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Increased Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) Activity and Inflammatory Responses during Chikungunya Virus Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040444. [PMID: 35456119 PMCID: PMC9028473 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes intense cytokine/chemokine inflammatory responses and debilitating joint pain. Indoleamine2,3–dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) is an enzyme that initiates the tryptophan degradation that is important in initial host innate immune defense against infectious pathogens. Besides that, IDO-1 activation acts as a regulatory mechanism to prevent overactive host immune responses. In this study, we evaluated IDO-1 activity and cytokine/chemokine patterns in CHIKV patients. Higher IDO-1 (Kyn/Trp ratio) activation was observed during the early acute phase of CHIKV infection and declined in the chronic phase. Importantly, increased concentrations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interferon γ (IFN-γ), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10/Interferon Protein-10 (CXCL10/IP-10) were found in the acute phase of infection, while C-C motif chemokine ligand 4/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 β (CCL4/MIP-1β) was found at increased concentrations in the chronic phase. Likewise, CHIKV patients with arthritis had significantly higher concentrations of CCL4/MIP-1β compared to patients without arthritis. Taken together, these data demonstrated increased IDO-1 activity, possibly exerting both antiviral effects and regulating exacerbated inflammatory responses. CCL4/MIP-1β may have an important role in the persistent inflammation and arthritic symptoms following chikungunya infection.
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Ambari AM, Setianto B, Santoso A, Radi B, Dwiputra B, Susilowati E, Tulrahmi F, Wind A, Cramer MJM, Doevendans P. Randomised controlled trial into the role of ramipril in fibrosis reduction in rheumatic heart disease: the RamiRHeD trial protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048016. [PMID: 34518254 PMCID: PMC8438922 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major burden in developing countries and accounts for 80% of all people living with the disease, where it causes most cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of heart valve tissue due to chronic inflammation in RHD will cause calcification and thickening of the impacted heart valves, especially the mitral valve. This fibrogenesis is enhanced by the production of angiotensin II by increased transforming growth factor β expression and later by the binding of interleukin-33, which is known to have antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effects, to soluble sST2. sST2 binding to this non-natural ligand worsens fibrosis. Therefore, we hypothesise that ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) would improve rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial with a pre-post test design. Patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and valve dysfunction will be planned for cardiac valve replacement operation and will be given ramipril 5 mg or placebo for a minimum of 12 weeks before the surgery. The expression of ST2 in the mitral valve is considered to be representative of cardiac fibrosis. Mitral valve tissue will be stained by immunohistochemistry to ST2. Plasma ST2 will be measured by ELISA. This study is conducted in the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiac Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, starting on 27 June 2019. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The performance and dissemination of this study were approved by the ethics committee of National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita with ethical code LB.02.01/VII/286/KEP.009/2018. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03991910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Meidian Ambari
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Setianto
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anwar Santoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Basuni Radi
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Dwiputra
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eliana Susilowati
- Research Assistant of Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilla Tulrahmi
- Research Assistant of Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, West Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annemiek Wind
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bonezi V, Cataneo AHD, Branquinho MSF, Silva MBB, Gonzalez-Dias P, Pereira SS, Ferreira LCDS, Nakaya HI, Campa A, Wowk PF, Silveira ELV. Flavivirus-Mediating B Cell Differentiation Into Antibody-Secreting Cells in Humans Is Associated With the Activation of the Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2020; 11:20. [PMID: 32117223 PMCID: PMC7026258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with the Dengue virus (DENV) often present with a massive generation of DENV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in the blood. In some cases, these ASCs represent more than 50% of the circulating B cells, a higher magnitude than those induced by other infections, vaccinations, and plasma cell lymphomas. However, it remains unclear how the DENV infection elicits this colossal response. To address this issue, we utilised an in vitro strategy to induce human PBMCs of healthy individuals incubated with DENV particles (DENV4 TVP/360) to differentiate into ASCs. As controls, PBMCs were incubated with a mitogen cocktail or supernatants of uninfected C6/36 cells (mock). The ASC phenotype and function were increasingly detected in the DENV and mitogen-cultured PBMCs as compared to mock-treated cells. In contrast to the in vivo condition, secreted IgG derived from the PBMC-DENV culture was not DENV-specific. Lower ASC numbers were observed when inactivated viral particles or purified B cells were added to the cultures. The physical contact was essential between B cells and the remaining PBMCs for the DENV-mediated ASC response. Considering the evidence for the activation of the tryptophan metabolism detected in the serum of Dengue patients, we assessed its relevance in the DENV-mediated ASC differentiation. For this, tryptophan and its respective metabolites were quantified in the supernatants of cell cultures through mass spectrophotometry. Tryptophan depletion and kynurenine accumulation were found in the supernatants of PBMC-DENV cultures, which presented enhanced detection of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 transcripts as compared to controls. In PBMC-DENV cultures, tryptophan and kynurenine levels strongly correlated to the respective ASC numbers, while the kynurenine levels were directly proportional to the secreted IgG titers. Contrastingly, PBMCs incubated with Zika or attenuated Yellow Fever viruses showed no correlation between their kynurenine concentrations and ASC numbers. Therefore, our data revealed the existence of distinct pathways for the DENV-mediated ASC differentiation and suggest the involvement of the tryptophan metabolism in this cellular process triggered by flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Bonezi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan H D Cataneo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maryana S F Branquinho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa B B Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís C de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Campa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pryscilla F Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L V Silveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios were significantly increased in dengue virus patients and subsequently decreased after recovery. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 91:162-168. [PMID: 31821895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During dengue fever, a pronounced gamma-interferon immune response produces neopterin and promotes tryptophan degradation by the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1). Activated IDO-1 is indicated by an increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) in patients. METHODS Plasma levels of neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan were measured in 72 hospitalized dengue virus (DENV) patients and 100 healthy individuals. Plasma levels of neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan were also measured prospectively in a second cohort of 13 DENV patients; on the day of hospitalization, on day 2-3 at discharge, and 7-10 days after discharge. DENV RNA positivity was determined by qualitative and quantitative methodologies. RESULTS DENV RNA-positive patients presented significantly higher levels of neopterin (mean 36.5nmol/l) and Kyn/Trp ratios (mean 102μmol/mmol) compared to DENV RNA-negative individuals. A significant correlation between neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios was observed in both DENV RNA-positive (Spearman's rho=0.37, p< 0.01) and DENV RNA-negative (Spearman's rho=0.89, p<0.001) patients. Kyn/Trp ratios were negatively correlated with platelet counts (Spearman's rho=-0.43, p<0.01) and positively correlated with liver enzymes: AST (Spearman's rho=0.68, p<0.01) and ALT (Spearman's rho=0.51, p<0.05). In addition, the follow-up data presented a significant decrease in neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios within 10 days after hospital entry. CONCLUSIONS Neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp ratios were significantly increased in DENV patients and subsequently decreased after recovery.
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Kang S, Brown HM, Hwang S. Direct Antiviral Mechanisms of Interferon-Gamma. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e33. [PMID: 30402328 PMCID: PMC6215902 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates both innate and adaptive immune networks; it is the most potent activator of macrophages and a signature cytokine of activated T lymphocytes. Though IFNG is now appreciated to have a multitude of roles in immune modulation and broad-spectrum pathogen defense, it was originally discovered, and named, as a secretory factor that interferes with viral replication. In contrast to the prototypical type I interferons produced by any cells upon viral infection, only specific subsets of immune cells can produce IFNG upon infection or stimulation with antigen or mitogen. Still, virtually all cells can respond to both types of interferons. This makes IFNG a versatile anti-microbial cytokine and also gives it a unique position in the antiviral defense system. The goal of this review is to highlight the direct antiviral mechanisms of IFNG, thereby clarifying its antiviral function in the effective control of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soowon Kang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hailey M. Brown
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Seungmin Hwang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Knoll M, Fuchs D, Weiss G, Bellmann-Weiler R, Kovrlija B, Kurz K. Interferon-γ Mediated Pathways And Mitogen Stimulated Proliferation During And After An Acute Infection. Pteridines 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) regulates the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine via induction of indoleamine- 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Local tryptophan depletion and accumulation of toxic metabolites might impair the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the actual status of immune system activation of patients with bacterial infection in the acute phase and during convalescence in vivo and in vitro. Parameters of systemic immune system activation were evaluated for associations with proliferative responsiveness of immune cells, and compared with healthy controls. Methods: 24 patients with various acute bacterial infections were included in the group of acutely ill patients. Sixteen patients participated in a follow-up examination after convalescence. The control group consisted of 6 healthy people. To assess the status of immune system activation in vivo, inflammation parameters C-reactive protein and differential blood counts were determined. Neopterin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tryptophan and kynurenine measurements were performed with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the patients’ blood and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro proliferation rates were evaluated by ³H-thymidine incorporation and neopterin production and tryptophan degradation were determined in supernatants of mitogen stimulated PBMCs. Results: Patients with acute bacterial infections showed reduced tryptophan and elevated neopterin concentrations, which did not normalize after convalescence period. Higher plasma neopterin values and increased IDO-activity were associated with reduced proliferative responses in vitro after stimulation with PHA. Associations were observed during acute infection as well as convalescence. Conclusions: Results of this study show that increased immune system activation in vivo is associated with impaired proliferative responsiveness of immune cells in vitro in acute bacterial infections as well as during convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Knoll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Bojana Kovrlija
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck; Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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Bosch I, de Puig H, Hiley M, Carré-Camps M, Perdomo-Celis F, Narváez CF, Salgado DM, Senthoor D, O'Grady M, Phillips E, Durbin A, Fandos D, Miyazaki H, Yen CW, Gélvez-Ramírez M, Warke RV, Ribeiro LS, Teixeira MM, Almeida RP, Muñóz-Medina JE, Ludert JE, Nogueira ML, Colombo TE, Terzian ACB, Bozza PT, Calheiros AS, Vieira YR, Barbosa-Lima G, Vizzoni A, Cerbino-Neto J, Bozza FA, Souza TML, Trugilho MRO, de Filippis AMB, de Sequeira PC, Marques ETA, Magalhaes T, Díaz FJ, Restrepo BN, Marín K, Mattar S, Olson D, Asturias EJ, Lucera M, Singla M, Medigeshi GR, de Bosch N, Tam J, Gómez-Márquez J, Clavet C, Villar L, Hamad-Schifferli K, Gehrke L. Rapid antigen tests for dengue virus serotypes and Zika virus in patient serum. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/409/eaan1589. [PMID: 28954927 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak demonstrates that cost-effective clinical diagnostics are urgently needed to detect and distinguish viral infections to improve patient care. Unlike dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe birth defects, including microcephaly and neurological disorders. Because ZIKV and DENV are related flaviviruses, their homologous proteins and nucleic acids can cause cross-reactions and false-positive results in molecular, antigenic, and serologic diagnostics. We report the characterization of monoclonal antibody pairs that have been translated into rapid immunochromatography tests to specifically detect the viral nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein antigen and distinguish the four DENV serotypes (DENV1-4) and ZIKV without cross-reaction. To complement visual test analysis and remove user subjectivity in reading test results, we used image processing and data analysis for data capture and test result quantification. Using a 30-μl serum sample, the sensitivity and specificity values of the DENV1-4 tests and the pan-DENV test, which detects all four dengue serotypes, ranged from 0.76 to 1.00. Sensitivity/specificity for the ZIKV rapid test was 0.81/0.86, respectively, using a 150-μl serum input. Serum ZIKV NS1 protein concentrations were about 10-fold lower than corresponding DENV NS1 concentrations in infected patients; moreover, ZIKV NS1 protein was not detected in polymerase chain reaction-positive patient urine samples. Our rapid immunochromatography approach and reagents have immediate application in differential clinical diagnosis of acute ZIKV and DENV cases, and the platform can be applied toward developing rapid antigen diagnostics for emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Helena de Puig
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Megan Hiley
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc Carré-Camps
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos F Narváez
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Doris M Salgado
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
| | - Dewahar Senthoor
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Madeline O'Grady
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ann Durbin
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diana Fandos
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hikaru Miyazaki
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chun-Wan Yen
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Margarita Gélvez-Ramírez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Program (Alianza para el desarrollo de estrategias que disminuyan el impacto de enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes como resultado del estudio de sus endemias y epidemias), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | | | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Immunopharmacology Group, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Group, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roque P Almeida
- Departamento de Medicina Interna e Patologia, Hospital Universitário/Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - José E Muñóz-Medina
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Avenida Jacarandas S/N, Esquina Circuito Interior, Colonia La Raza Del Azcapotzalco, Código Postal 02990 México D.F., México
| | - Juan E Ludert
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio L Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Tatiana E Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana C B Terzian
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea S Calheiros
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmine R Vieira
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Barbosa-Lima
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vizzoni
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Cerbino-Neto
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,D'Or Institute of Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M L Souza
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique R O Trugilho
- Toxinology Laboratory and Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ernesto T A Marques
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Francisco J Díaz
- Immunovirology Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Berta N Restrepo
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical (ICMT), Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Katerine Marín
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical (ICMT), Universidad CES, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Salim Mattar
- Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Daniel Olson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark Lucera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Justina Tam
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Winchester Engineering Analytical Center (WEAC), Winchester, MA 01890, USA
| | - Jose Gómez-Márquez
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles Clavet
- Winchester Engineering Analytical Center (WEAC), Winchester, MA 01890, USA
| | - Luis Villar
- Universidad Industrial de Santander and AEDES Program (Alianza para el desarrollo de estrategias que disminuyan el impacto de enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes como resultado del estudio de sus endemias y epidemias), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Wang Q, Ding Y, Song P, Zhu H, Okon I, Ding YN, Chen HZ, Liu DP, Zou MH. Tryptophan-Derived 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Contributes to Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice In Vivo. Circulation 2017; 136:2271-2283. [PMID: 28978552 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal amino acid metabolism is associated with vascular disease. However, the causative link between dysregulated tryptophan metabolism and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. METHODS Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Mice with deficiencies in both apolipoprotein e (Apoe) and IDO (Apoe-/-/IDO-/-) were generated by cross-breeding IDO-/- mice with Apoe-/- mice. RESULTS The acute infusion of angiotensin II markedly increased the incidence of AAA in Apoe-/- mice, but not in Apoe-/-/IDO-/- mice, which presented decreased elastic lamina degradation and aortic expansion. These features were not altered by the reconstitution of bone marrow cells from IDO+/+ mice. Moreover, angiotensin II infusion instigated interferon-γ, which induced the expression of IDO and kynureninase and increased 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) levels in the plasma and aortas of Apoe-/- mice, but not in IDO-/- mice. Both IDO and kynureninase controlled the production of 3-HAA in vascular smooth muscle cells. 3-HAA upregulated matrix metallopeptidase 2 via transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Furthermore, kynureninase knockdown in mice restrained 3-HAA, matrix metallopeptidase 2, and resultant AAA formation by angiotensin II infusion. Intraperitoneal injections of 3-HAA into Apoe-/- and Apoe-/-/IDO-/- mice for 6 weeks increased the expression and activity of matrix metallopeptidase 2 in aortas without affecting metabolic parameters. Finally, human AAA samples had stronger staining with the antibodies against 3-HAA, IDO, and kynureninase than those in adjacent nonaneurysmal aortic sections of human AAA samples. CONCLUSIONS These data define a previously undescribed causative role for 3-HAA, which is a product of tryptophan metabolism, in AAA formation. Furthermore, these findings suggest that 3-HAA reduction may be a new target for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxin Wang
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - Ye Ding
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.).
| | - Ping Song
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - Imoh Okon
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - Yang-Nan Ding
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - De-Pei Liu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (Q.W., M.-H.Z.). Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (Y.D., P.S., H.Z., I.O.,M.-H.Z.). State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (Y.-N.D., H.C., D.L.).
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13
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Patel S, Rauf A, Meher BR. In silico analysis of ChtBD3 domain to find its role in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:519-526. [PMID: 28760454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitin binding domain 3, known by the acronym ChtBD3, is a domain in the enzymes and proteins of several pathogenic virus, bacteria and fungi. As this domain is evolutionarily-conserved in virulence factors of these infectious agents, its detailed investigation is of clinical interest. In this regard, the current in silico study analyzed ChtBD3 domain distribution in bacterial proteins present in publicly-available SMART (simple modular architecture research tool) database. Also, the co-occurring domains of ChtBD3 in the studied proteins were mapped to understand positional rearrangement of the domain and consequent functional diversity. Custom-made scripts were used to interpret the data and to derive patterns. As expected, interesting results were obtained. ChtBD3 domain co-occurred with other critical domains like peptidase, glycol_hydrolase, kinase, hemagglutinin-acting, collagen-binding, among others. The findings are expected to be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA.
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Biswa Ranjan Meher
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
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14
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Cui L, Fang J, Ooi EE, Lee YH. Serial Metabolome Changes in a Prospective Cohort of Subjects with Influenza Viral Infection and Comparison with Dengue Fever. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2614-2622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- Translational
‘Omics and Biomarkers Group, KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899
- Infectious
Diseases Interdisciplinary Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602
| | - Jinling Fang
- Infectious
Diseases Interdisciplinary Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Infectious
Diseases Interdisciplinary Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602
- Emerging
Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Translational
‘Omics and Biomarkers Group, KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899
- Infectious
Diseases Interdisciplinary Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602
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15
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Fusco DN, Pratt H, Kandilas S, Cheon SSY, Lin W, Cronkite DA, Basavappa M, Jeffrey KL, Anselmo A, Sadreyev R, Yapp C, Shi X, O'Sullivan JF, Gerszten RE, Tomaru T, Yoshino S, Satoh T, Chung RT. HELZ2 Is an IFN Effector Mediating Suppression of Dengue Virus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:240. [PMID: 28265266 PMCID: PMC5316548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviral infections including dengue virus are an increasing clinical problem worldwide. Dengue infection triggers host production of the type 1 IFN, IFN alpha, one of the strongest and broadest acting antivirals known. However, dengue virus subverts host IFN signaling at early steps of IFN signal transduction. This subversion allows unbridled viral replication which subsequently triggers ongoing production of IFN which, again, is subverted. Identification of downstream IFN antiviral effectors will provide targets which could be activated to restore broad acting antiviral activity, stopping the signal to produce endogenous IFN at toxic levels. To this end, we performed a targeted functional genomic screen for IFN antiviral effector genes (IEGs), identifying 56 IEGs required for antiviral effects of IFN against fully infectious dengue virus. Dengue IEGs were enriched for genes encoding nuclear receptor interacting proteins, including HELZ2, MAP2K4, SLC27A2, HSP90AA1, and HSP90AB1. We focused on HELZ2 (Helicase With Zinc Finger 2), an IFN stimulated gene and IEG which encodes a promiscuous nuclear factor coactivator that exists in two isoforms. The two unique HELZ2 isoforms are both IFN responsive, contain ISRE elements, and gene products increase in the nucleus upon IFN stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that the HELZ2 complex interacts with triglyceride-regulator LMF1. Mass spectrometry revealed that HELZ2 knockdown cells are depleted of triglyceride subsets. We thus sought to determine whether HELZ2 interacts with a nuclear receptor known to regulate immune response and lipid metabolism, AHR, and identified HELZ2:AHR interactions via co-immunoprecipitation, found that AHR is a dengue IEG, and that an AHR ligand, FICZ, exhibits anti-dengue activity. Primary bone marrow derived macrophages from HELZ2 knockout mice, compared to wild type controls, exhibit enhanced dengue infectivity. Overall, these findings reveal that IFN antiviral response is mediated by HELZ2 transcriptional upregulation, enrichment of HELZ2 protein levels in the nucleus, and activation of a transcriptional program that appears to modulate intracellular lipid state. IEGs identified in this study may serve as both (1) potential targets for host directed antiviral design, downstream of the common flaviviral subversion point, as well as (2) possible biomarkers, whose variation, natural, or iatrogenic, could affect host response to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlene N. Fusco
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Pratt
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Kandilas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Athens University Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
| | | | - Wenyu Lin
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - D. Alex Cronkite
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Basavappa
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Kate L. Jeffrey
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
| | - John F. O'Sullivan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshino
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Satoh
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi, Japan
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
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16
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Solbrig MV, Perng GC. Current neurological observations and complications of dengue virus infection. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 15:29. [PMID: 25877545 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito-borne flavivirus and fastest growing tropical disease in the world, has experienced an explosion of neurologic case reports and series in recent years. Now dengue is a frequent or leading cause of encephalitis in some endemic regions, is estimated to infect one in six tourists returning from the tropics, and has been proven to have local transmission within the continental USA. High documentation of neurologic disease in recent years reflects increases in overall cases, enhanced clinical awareness and advances in diagnostics. Neurological aspects of dengue virus, along with epidemiology, treatment, and vaccine progress, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylou V Solbrig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall Rm 5040, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA,
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17
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Serum Metabolomics Reveals Serotonin as a Predictor of Severe Dengue in the Early Phase of Dengue Fever. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004607. [PMID: 27055163 PMCID: PMC4824427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective triage of dengue patients early in the disease course for in- or out-patient management would be useful for optimal healthcare resource utilization while minimizing poor clinical outcome due to delayed intervention. Yet, early prognosis of severe dengue is hampered by the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and routine hematological and biochemical measurements in dengue patients that collectively correlates poorly with eventual clinical outcome. Herein, untargeted liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics of serum from patients with dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the febrile phase (<96 h) was used to globally probe the serum metabolome to uncover early prognostic biomarkers of DHF. We identified 20 metabolites that are differentially enriched (p<0.05, fold change >1.5) in the serum, among which are two products of tryptophan metabolism-serotonin and kynurenine. Serotonin, involved in platelet aggregation and activation decreased significantly, whereas kynurenine, an immunomodulator, increased significantly in patients with DHF, consistent with thrombocytopenia and immunopathology in severe dengue. To sensitively and accurately evaluate serotonin levels as prognostic biomarkers, we implemented stable-isotope dilution mass spectrometry and used convalescence samples as their own controls. DHF serotonin was significantly 1.98 fold lower in febrile compared to convalescence phase, and significantly 1.76 fold lower compared to DF in the febrile phase of illness. Thus, serotonin alone provided good prognostic utility (Area Under Curve, AUC of serotonin = 0.8). Additionally, immune mediators associated with DHF may further increase the predictive ability than just serotonin alone. Nine cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, G-CSF, MIP-1β, FGF basic, TNFα and RANTES were significantly different between DF and DHF, among which IFN-γ ranked top by multivariate statistics. Combining serotonin and IFN-γ improved the prognosis performance (AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 77.8%, specificity = 95.8%), suggesting this duplex panel as accurate metrics for the early prognosis of DHF.
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The Janus-faced nature of IDO1 in infectious diseases: challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Future Med Chem 2015; 8:39-54. [PMID: 26692277 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of IDO1 is a strategy pursued to develop novel therapeutic treatments for cancer. Recent years have witnessed growing evidence that the enzyme plays a pivotal role in viral, bacterial and fungal infections. These studies have underscored the Janus-faced nature of IDO1 in the regulation of host-pathogen interactions and commensalism. Starting with an outlook on the advances in the structural features of IDO1, herein we report recent findings that pinpoint the involvement of IDO1 in infectious diseases. Then, we present an overview of IDO1 inhibitors that have been enrolled in clinical trials as well as other distinct modulators of the enzyme that may enable further investigations of IDO1 and its role in infectious disease.
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Abstract
IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino acid, L-Trp (L-tryptophan), along the kynurenine pathway. Significant increases in knowledge have been recently gained with respect to understanding the fundamental biochemistry of IDO1 including its catalytic reaction mechanism, the scope of enzyme reactions it catalyses, the biochemical mechanisms controlling IDO1 expression and enzyme activity, and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. Major advances in understanding the roles of IDO1 in physiology and disease have also been realised. IDO1 is recognised as a prominent immune regulatory enzyme capable of modulating immune cell activation status and phenotype via several molecular mechanisms including enzyme-dependent deprivation of L-Trp and its conversion into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand kynurenine and other bioactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, or non-enzymatic cell signalling actions involving tyrosine phosphorylation of IDO1. Through these different modes of biochemical signalling, IDO1 regulates certain physiological functions (e.g. pregnancy) and modulates the pathogenesis and severity of diverse conditions including chronic inflammation, infectious disease, allergic and autoimmune disorders, transplantation, neuropathology and cancer. In the present review, we detail the current understanding of IDO1’s catalytic actions and the biochemical mechanisms regulating IDO1 expression and activity. We also discuss the biological functions of IDO1 with a focus on the enzyme's immune-modulatory function, its medical implications in diverse pathological settings and its utility as a therapeutic target.
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Epstein-Barr virus infection induces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages through p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways: impairment in T cell functions. J Virol 2014; 88:6660-71. [PMID: 24696473 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03678-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been observed in tumor-infiltrated macrophages, but its infection effects on macrophage immune functions are poorly understood. Here, we showed that some macrophages in the tumor stroma of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue expressed the immunosuppressive protein indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) more strongly than did tumor cells. EBV infection induced mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity of IDO in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Infection increased the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas the neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α and IL-6 inhibited IDO induction. EBV infection also activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and NF-κB, and the inhibition of these two pathways with SB202190 and SN50 almost abrogated TNF-α and IL-6 production and inhibited IDO production. Moreover, the activation of IDO in response to EBV infection of MDMs suppressed the proliferation of T cells and impaired the cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) T cells, whereas the inhibition of IDO activity with 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT) did not affect T cell proliferation and function. These findings indicate that EBV-induced IDO expression in MDMs is substantially mediated by IL-6- and TNF-α-dependent mechanisms via the p38/MAPK and NF-κB pathways, suggesting that a possible role of EBV-mediated IDO expression in tumor stroma of NPC may be to create a microenvironment of suppressed T cell immune responses. IMPORTANCE CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in the control of viral infections and destroy tumor cells. Activation of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cancer tissues facilitates immune escape by the impairment of CTL functions. IDO expression was observed in some macrophages of the tumor stroma of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue, and IDO could be induced in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). NPC cells and macrophages have been found to produce IDO in a gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-dependent manner. Instead, EBV-induced IDO expression in MDMs is substantially mediated by IL-6- and TNF-α-dependent mechanisms via the p38/MAPK and NF-κB pathways, which suppressed the proliferation of T cells and impaired the cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) T cells. This finding provides a new interpretation of the mechanism of immune escape of EBV and shows the immunosuppressive role of EBV-mediated IDO expression in tumor stroma of NPC.
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Rytelewski M, Meilleur CE, Atef Yekta M, Szabo PA, Garg N, Schell TD, Jevnikar AM, Sharif S, Singh B, Haeryfar SMM. Suppression of immunodominant antitumor and antiviral CD8+ T cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90439. [PMID: 24587363 PMCID: PMC3938761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme known to suppress antitumor CD8+ T cells (TCD8). The role of IDO in regulation of antiviral TCD8 responses is far less clear. In addition, whether IDO controls both immunodominant and subdominant TCD8 is not fully understood. This is an important question because the dominance status of tumor- and virus-specific TCD8 may determine their significance in protective immunity and in vaccine design. We evaluated the magnitude and breadth of cross-primed TCD8 responses to simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen as well as primary and recall TCD8 responses to influenza A virus (IAV) in the absence or presence of IDO. IDO−/− mice and wild-type mice treated with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan, a pharmacological inhibitor of IDO, exhibited augmented responses to immunodominant epitopes encoded by T antigen and IAV. IDO-mediated suppression of these responses was independent of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, which remained numerically and functionally intact in IDO−/− mice. Treatment with L-kynurenine failed to inhibit TCD8 responses, indicating that tryptophan metabolites are not responsible for the suppressive effect of IDO in our models. Immunodominant T antigen-specific TCD8 from IDO−/− mice showed increased Ki-67 expression, suggesting that they may have acquired a more vigorous proliferative capacity in vivo. In conclusion, IDO suppresses immunodominant TCD8 responses to tumor and viral antigens. Our work also demonstrates that systemic primary and recall TCD8 responses to IAV are controlled by IDO. Inhibition of IDO thus represents an attractive adjuvant strategy in boosting anticancer and antiviral TCD8 targeting highly immunogenic antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunity, Innate
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Kynurenine/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Rytelewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney E. Meilleur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Atef Yekta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A. Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitan Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Jevnikar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhagirath Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. M. Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Ashhurst TM, van Vreden C, Munoz-Erazo L, Niewold P, Watabe K, Terry RL, Deffrasnes C, Getts DR, King NJC. Antiviral macrophage responses in flavivirus encephalitis. Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:632-47. [PMID: 24434318 PMCID: PMC3928696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a major current and emerging threat, affecting millions of people worldwide. Global climate change, combined with increasing proximity of humans to animals and mosquito vectors by expansion into natural habitats, coupled with the increase in international travel, have resulted in significant spread and concomitant increase in the incidence of infection and severe disease. Although neuroinvasive disease has been well described for some viral infections such as Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), others such as dengue virus (DENV) have recently displayed an emerging pattern of neuroinvasive disease, distinct from the previously observed, systemically-induced encephalomyelopathy. In this setting, the immune response is a crucial component of host defence, in preventing viral dissemination and invasion of the central nervous system (CNS). However, subversion of the anti-viral activities of macrophages by flaviviruses can facilitate viral replication and spread, enhancing the intensity of immune responses, leading to severe immune-mediated disease which may be further exacerbated during the subsequent infection with some flaviviruses. Furthermore, in the CNS myeloid cells may be responsible for inducing specific inflammatory changes, which can lead to significant pathological damage during encephalitis. The interaction of virus and cells of the myeloid lineage is complex, and this interaction is likely responsible at least in part, for crucial differences between viral clearance and pathology. Recent studies on the role of myeloid cells in innate immunity and viral control, and the mechanisms of evasion and subversion used by flaviviruses are rapidly advancing our understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms involved in flavivirus encephalitis and will lead to the development of therapeutic strategies previously not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Myles Ashhurst
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Caryn van Vreden
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Luis Munoz-Erazo
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paula Niewold
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kanami Watabe
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachael L. Terry
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Celine Deffrasnes
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,CSIRO, Animal, Food & Health Science, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Daniel R. Getts
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Viral Immunopathology Unit, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Bosch Institute & The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease & Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Pathway analysis in blood cells of pigs infected with classical swine fever virus: comparison of pigs that develop a chronic form of infection or recover. Arch Virol 2012; 158:325-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Prachason T, Konhan K, Pongnarin P, Chatsiricharoenkul S, Suputtamongkol Y, Limwongse C. Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in patients with scrub typhus and its role in growth restriction of Orientia tsutsugamushi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1731. [PMID: 22860140 PMCID: PMC3409113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our earlier genome-wide expression study revealed up-regulation of a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), in patients with scrub typhus. This gene has been previously reported to have anti-microbial activity in a variety of infectious diseases; therefore, we aimed to prove whether it is also involved in host defense against Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using LC-MS, we observed an increased ratio of serum L-kynurenine to serum L-tryptophan in patients with scrub typhus, which suggests an active catalytic function of this enzyme upon the illness. To evaluate the effect of IDO1 activation on OT infection, a human macrophage-like cell line THP-1 was used as a study model. Although transcription of IDO1 was induced by OT infection, its functional activity was not significantly enhanced unless the cells were pretreated with IFN-γ, a potent inducer of IDO1. When the degree of infection was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, the relative number of OT 47 kDa gene per host genes, or infection index, was markedly reduced by IFN-γ treatment as compared to the untreated cultures at five days post-infection. Inhibition of IDO1 activity in IFN-γ treated cultures by 1-methyl-L-tryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of IDO1, resulted in partial restoration of infection index; while excessive supplementation of L-tryptophan in IFN-γ treated cultures raised the index to an even higher level than that of the untreated ones. Altogether, these data implied that IDO1 was partly involved in restriction of OT growth caused by IFN-γ through deprivation of tryptophan. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Activation of IDO1 appeared to be a defensive mechanism downstream of IFN-γ that limited intracellular expansion of OT via tryptophan depletion. Our work provided not only the first link of in vivo activation of IDO1 and IFN-γ-mediated protection against OT infection but also highlighted the promise of this multifaceted gene in scrub typhus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanavadee Prachason
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanittha Konhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyapat Pongnarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yupin Suputtamongkol
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanin Limwongse
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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25
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Outinen TK, Mäkelä SM, Ala-Houhala IO, Huhtala HSA, Hurme M, Libraty DH, Oja SS, Pörsti IH, Syrjänen JT, Vaheri A, Mustonen JT. High activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is associated with renal insufficiency in Puumala hantavirus induced nephropathia epidemica. J Med Virol 2011; 83:731-7. [PMID: 21328391 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala hantavirus. The severity of NE varies greatly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity is associated with the severity of NE. A prospectively collected cohort of 102 consecutive patients with acute serologically confirmed NE was examined. Serum kynurenine, tryptophan, creatinine, CRP, and blood cell count were measured for up to 5 consecutive days after admission. The kynurenine to tryptophan (kyn/trp) ratio reflecting IDO activity was calculated. A maximum kyn/trp ratio >202 µmol/mmol had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 75% for detecting maximum serum creatinine values >250 µmol/L by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A maximum kyn/trp ratio >202 µmol/mmol (high IDO level) was also associated with other parameters reflecting the severity of the disease and renal impairment. Patients with high IDO levels had higher maximum serum creatinine (379 vs. 102 µmol/L, P<0.001), plasma C-reactive protein (104.1 vs. 72.1 mg/L, P=0.029), and blood leukocyte values (11.9 vs. 9.0 × 10(9) /L, P<0.001) compared to patients with kyn/trp ratio ≤ 202 µmol/mmol. They also had lower minimum urinary output (1,100 vs. 1,900 ml/day, P<0.001) and longer hospital stays (8 vs. 5 days, P<0.001). In conclusion, high serum IDO activity was associated with increased disease severity and renal impairment in NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula K Outinen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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26
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de Souza Sales J, Lara FA, Amadeu TP, de Oliveira Fulco T, da Costa Nery JA, Sampaio EP, Pinheiro RO, Sarno EN. The role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in lepromatous leprosy immunosuppression. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:251-63. [PMID: 21592112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate further the possible role of the tryptophan, rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in leprosy, the distribution of IDO-positive cells and IDO activity in the skin biopsies and sera of these patients representing the entire spectrum of the disease were studied. An increased number of macrophages/dendritic cells (DC-lineage IDO(+) cells were found in lepromatous (LL) compared to tuberculoid (BT) and reversal reaction (RR) patients. IDO-positive cells showing CD68 and CD86 surface markers predominated in LL lesions, while higher levels of IDO activity were observed in the sera of LL versus BT patients. Tests revealed an increased IDO message in Mycobacterium leprae-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and increased IDO expression in M. leprae-stimulated CD14(+) cells of both healthy controls (HC) and LL patients, as evaluated via flow cytometry. Increased M. leprae-induced IDO-protein synthesis was also confirmed by Western blot. Based on our in vitro studies, it was confirmed that M. leprae up-regulated IDO expression and activity in HC and LL monocytes. Interferon (IFN)-γ synergized with M. leprae in promoting IDO expression and activity in monocytes. IDO expression induced by both IFN-γ and M. leprae was abrogated by 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT). Our data suggest that M. leprae chronic infection activates the suppressive molecule IDO which, in turn, contributes to the specific immunosuppression observed in LL leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Souza Sales
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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