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Podgorski II, Harrach B, Benkő M, Papp T. Characterization of monkey adenoviruses with three fiber genes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 108:105403. [PMID: 36610683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the occurrence of three fiber genes in monkey adenoviruses had already been described, the relatedness of the "extra" fibers have not yet been discussed. Here we report the genome analysis of two simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotypes from Old World monkeys and the phylogenetic analysis of the multiple fiber genes found in these and related AdVs. One of the newly sequenced serotypes (SAdV-2), isolated from a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), was classified into species Human mastadenovirus G (HAdV-G), while the other serotype (SAdV-17), originating from a grivet (Chlorocebus aethiops), classified to Simian mastadenovirus F (SAdV-F). We identified unique features in the gene content of these SAdVs compared to those typical for other members of the genus Mastadenovirus. Namely, in the E1B region of SAdV-2, the 19K gene was replaced by an ITR repetition and a copy of the E4 ORF1 gene. Among the 37 genes in both SAdVs, three genes of different lengths, predicted to code for the cellular attachment proteins (the fibers), were found. These proteins exhibit high diversity. Yet, phylogenetic calculations of their conserved parts could reveal the probable evolutionary steps leading to the multiple-fibered contemporary HAdV and SAdV species. Seemingly, there existed (a) common ancestor(s) with two fiber genes for the lineages of the AdVs in species SAdV-B, -E, -F and HAdV-F, alongside a double-fibered ancestor for today's SAdV-C and HAdV-G, which later diverged into descendants forming today's species. Additionally, some HAdV-G members picked up a third fiber gene either to the left-hand or to the in-between position from the existing two. A SAdV-F progenitor also obtained a third copy to the middle, as observed in SAdV-17. The existence of three fiber genes in these contemporary AdVs brings novel possibilities for the design of optimised AdV-based vectors with potential multiple target binding abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I Podgorski
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mária Benkő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Papp
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
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Brody IB, Calcedo R, Connell MJ, Carnathan DG, Nason M, Lawson BO, Nega MT, Boyd S, Qin Q, Vanderford TH, Wilson JM, Wilson JM, Silvestri G, Betts MR. Susceptibility to SIV Infection After Adenoviral Vaccination in a Low Dose Rhesus Macaque Challenge Model. Pathog Immun 2019; 4:1-20. [PMID: 30993250 PMCID: PMC6457171 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v4i1.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vaccination with the Merck human adenovirus serotype-5 (HAdV-5) vectored HIV-1 subtype B gag/pol/nef vaccine was unexpectedly associated with enhanced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in uncircumcised HAdV-5 seropositive men. It has been hypothesized that vaccination may have resulted in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes trafficking to mucosal sites thereby increasing targets for HIV infection. We have previously shown that AdV-vector vacci-nation in rhesus macaques resulted in an increase in the frequency of activated mucosal CD4+ T cells. However, whether this increase in activation is sufficient to increase susceptibility to HIV/SIV infection is unclear. Methods: To examine this scenario, we developed a preliminary, proof-of-concept vaccination-challenge model in order to examine vaccine-induced SIV susceptibility in rhesus macaques. Rhesus macaques (n = 10/group) were vaccinated with a simian AdV-7 (SAdV-7)-vector encoding an irrelevant insert (SARS spike) and challenged 5 weeks post-prime in an escalating dosing regimen starting with sub-infectious doses (1:10,000 or 2TCID50) of SIVmac251. Results: In contrast to our previous study, the SAdV-7 vaccine regimen did not induce detectable mucosal CD4+ T cell activation at the time points assessed in animals obtained from a different vendor and housed in a different facility. Within the power of the study, we did not observe significantly increased SIV acquisition in SAdV-7-vaccinated (5/10) versus placebo-vaccinated (3/10) macaques after repeated low-dose intra-rectal SIVmac251 challenge (P < 0.2). Conclusions: These results lay groundwork for future experiments to assess vaccine-induced SIV susceptibility in rhesus macaques. Further larger-scale studies are necessary to confirm the AdV-vector vaccination associated trend towards increased SIV/HIV acquisition and clarify associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bukh Brody
- Department of Microbiology; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Gene Therapy Program; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary J Connell
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory Vaccine Center; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University; Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Benton O Lawson
- Emory Vaccine Center; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University; Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melon T Nega
- Emory Vaccine Center; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University; Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Surina Boyd
- Gene Therapy Program; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiuyue Qin
- Gene Therapy Program; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Emory Vaccine Center; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University; Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jolaine M Wilson
- University Laboratory Animal Resources; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University; Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Malherbe DC, Mendy J, Vang L, Barnette PT, Reed J, Lakhashe SK, Owuor J, Gach JS, Legasse AW, Axthelm MK, LaBranche CC, Montefiori D, Forthal DN, Park B, Wilson JM, McLinden JH, Xiang J, Stapleton JT, Sacha JB, Haynes BF, Liao HX, Ruprecht RM, Smith J, Gurwith M, Haigwood NL, Alexander J. Combination Adenovirus and Protein Vaccines Prevent Infection or Reduce Viral Burden after Heterologous Clade C Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mucosal Challenge. J Virol 2018; 92:e01092-17. [PMID: 29093095 PMCID: PMC5752948 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01092-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV vaccine development is focused on designing immunogens and delivery methods that elicit protective immunity. We evaluated a combination of adenovirus (Ad) vectors expressing HIV 1086.C (clade C) envelope glycoprotein (Env), SIV Gag p55, and human pegivirus GBV-C E2 glycoprotein. We compared replicating simian (SAd7) with nonreplicating human (Ad4) adenovirus-vectored vaccines paired with recombinant proteins in a novel prime-boost regimen in rhesus macaques, with the goal of eliciting protective immunity against SHIV challenge. In both vaccine groups, plasma and buccal Env-specific IgG, tier 1 heterologous neutralizing antibodies, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition were readily generated. High Env-specific T cell responses elicited in all vaccinees were significantly greater than responses targeting Gag. After three intrarectal exposures to heterologous tier 1 clade C SHIV, all 10 sham-vaccinated controls were infected, whereas 4/10 SAd7- and 3/10 Ad4-vaccinated macaques remained uninfected or maintained tightly controlled plasma viremia. Time to infection was significantly delayed in SAd7-vaccinated macaques compared to the controls. Cell-associated and plasma virus levels were significantly lower in each group of vaccinated macaques compared to controls; the lowest plasma viral burden was found in animals vaccinated with the SAd7 vectors, suggesting superior immunity conferred by the replicating simian vectors. Furthermore, higher V1V2-specific binding antibody titers correlated with viral control in the SAd7 vaccine group. Thus, recombinant Ad plus protein vaccines generated humoral and cellular immunity that was effective in either protecting from SHIV acquisition or significantly reducing viremia in animals that became infected, consequently supporting additional development of replicating Ad vectors as HIV vaccines.IMPORTANCE There is a well-acknowledged need for an effective AIDS vaccine that protects against HIV infection and limits in vivo viral replication and associated pathogenesis. Although replicating virus vectors have been advanced as HIV vaccine platforms, there have not been any direct comparisons of the replicating to the nonreplicating format. The present study directly compared the replicating SAd7 to nonreplicating Ad4 vectors in macaques and demonstrated that in the SAd7 vaccine group, the time to infection was significantly delayed compared to the control group, and V1V2 Env-specific binding antibodies correlated with viral outcomes. Viral control was significantly enhanced in vaccinated macaques compared to controls, and in infected SAd7-vaccinated macaques compared to Ad4-vaccinated macaques, suggesting that this vector may have conferred more effective immunity. Because blocking infection is so difficult with current vaccines, development of a vaccine that can limit viremia if infection occurs would be valuable. These data support further development of replicating adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Lo Vang
- PaxVax, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Philip T Barnette
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason Reed
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Samir K Lakhashe
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Owuor
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Johannes S Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Byung Park
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James H McLinden
- The Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- The Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- The Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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Vujadinovic M, Wunderlich K, Callendret B, Koning M, Vermeulen M, Sanders B, van der Helm E, Gecgel A, Spek D, de Boer K, Stalknecht M, Serroyen J, Grazia Pau M, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R, Custers J, Vellinga J. Adenoviral Type 35 and 26 Vectors with a Bidirectional Expression Cassette in the E1 Region Show an Improved Genetic Stability Profile and Potent Transgene-Specific Immune Response. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 29:337-351. [PMID: 28816084 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic vaccines based on replication-incompetent adenoviral (AdV) vectors are currently in clinical development. Monovalent AdV vectors express one antigen from an expression cassette placed in most cases in the E1 region. For many vaccines, inclusion of several antigens is necessary in order to raise protective immunity and/or target more than one pathogen or pathogen strain. On the basis of the current technology, a mix of several monovalent vectors can be employed. However, a mix of the standard monovalent AdV vectors may not be optimal with respect to manufacturing costs and the final dose per vector in humans. Alternatively, a variety of bivalent recombinant AdV vector approaches is described in the literature. It remains unclear whether all strategies are equally suitable for clinical development while preserving all the beneficial properties of the monovalent AdV (e.g., immunogenic potency). Therefore, a thorough assessment of different bivalent AdV strategies was performed in a head-to-head fashion compared with the monovalent benchmark. The vectors were tested for rescue efficiency, genetic stability, transgene expression, and potency to induce transgene-specific immune responses. We report that the vector expressing multiple antigens from a bidirectional expression cassette in E1 shows a better genetic stability profile and a potent transgene-specific immune response compared with the other tested bivalent vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vujadinovic
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Wunderlich
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Benoit Callendret
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Koning
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Vermeulen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Sanders
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda van der Helm
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adile Gecgel
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Spek
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karin de Boer
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Masha Stalknecht
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Grazia Pau
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jort Vellinga
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
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Tan B, Yang XL, Ge XY, Peng C, Zhang YZ, Zhang LB, Shi ZL. Novel bat adenoviruses with an extremely large E3 gene. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1625-1635. [PMID: 27032099 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats carry diverse RNA viruses, some of which are responsible for human diseases. Compared to bat-borne RNA viruses, relatively little information is known regarding bat-borne DNA viruses. In this study, we isolated and characterized three novel bat adenoviruses (BtAdV WIV9-11) from Rhinolophus sinicus. Their genomes, which are highly similar to each other but distinct from those of previously sequenced adenoviruses (AdVs), are 37 545, 37 566 and 38 073 bp in size, respectively. An unusually large E3 gene was identified in their genomes. Phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses suggested that these isolates represent a distinct species of the genus Mastadenovirus. Cell susceptibility assays revealed a broad cell tropism for these isolates, indicating that they have a potentially wide host range. Our results expand the understanding of genetic diversity of bat AdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Yi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | | | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Podgorski II, Pantó L, Papp T, Harrach B, Benkö M. Genome analysis of four Old World monkey adenoviruses supports the proposed species classification of primate adenoviruses and reveals signs of possible homologous recombination. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1604-1614. [PMID: 27010199 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the family Adenoviridae, presently Simian mastadenovirus A is the single species approved officially for monkey adenoviruses (AdVs), whilst the establishment of six further species (Simian mastadenovirus B to Simian mastadenovirus G) has been proposed in the last few years. We examined the genetic content and phylogenetic relationships of four Old World monkey (OWM) AdV types [namely simian AdV (SAdV)-8, -11, -16 and -19] for which it had been proposed that they should be classified into different AdV species: SAdV-11 to Human mastadenovirus G, and the other three viruses into three novel species. By full genome sequencing, we identified gene contents characteristic for the genus Mastadenovirus. Among the 36 ORFs, 2 genes of different lengths, predicted to encode the adenoviral cellular attachment protein (the fibre), were found. The E3 regions contained six genes, present in every OWM AdV, but lacked the E3 19K gene, which has seemingly appeared only in the ape (hominid) AdV lineages during evolution. For the first time in SAdVs, two other exons belonging to the gene of the so-called U exon protein were also predicted. Phylogenetic calculations, based on the fibre-1 and the major capsid protein, the hexon, implied that recombination events might have happened between different AdV species. Phylogeny inference, based on the viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the penton base protein, further supported the species classification proposed earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I Podgorski
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Pantó
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Papp
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkö
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Taxonomy proposal for Old World monkey adenoviruses: characterisation of several non-human, non-ape primate adenovirus lineages. Arch Virol 2015; 160:3165-77. [PMID: 26370792 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A species classification regarding Old World monkey adenoviruses is proposed. We determined the nucleotide sequences of PCR-amplified fragments from the genes of the IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, penton base, and hexon proteins from every simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotype that originated from Old World monkeys for which the full genome sequence had not yet been published. We confirmed that the majority of Old Word monkey SAdVs belong to two previously established species. Interestingly, one is the most recently established human AdV species, Human mastadenovirus G, which includes a single human virus, HAdV-52, as well as SAdV-1, -2, -7, -11, -12, and -15. The other approved species, Simian mastadenovirus A includes SAdV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -14, and -48. Several SAdVs (SAdV-5, -8, -49, -50) together with baboon AdV-1 and rhesus monkey AdV strains A1139, A1163, A1173, A1258, A1285, A1296, A1312, A1327 and A1335 have been proposed to be classified into an additional species, Simian mastadenovirus B. Another proposed species, Simian mastadenovirus C has been described for SAdV-19, baboon AdV-2/4 and -3. Our study revealed the existence of four additional AdV lineages. The corresponding new candidate species are Simian mastadenovirus D (for SAdV-13), Simian mastadenovirus E (for SAdV-16), Simian mastadenovirus F (for SAdV-17 and -18), and Simian mastadenovirus G (for SAdV-20). Several biological and genomic properties, such as the host origin, haemagglutination profile, number of fibre genes, and G+C content of the genome, strongly support this classification. Three SAdV strains originating from the American Type Culture Collection turned out to be mixtures of at least two virus types, either of the same species (SAdV-12 and -15 types from Human mastadenovirus G) or of two different species (SAdV-5 types from Simian mastadenovirus B and Human mastadenovirus G).
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8
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Malouli D, Howell GL, Legasse AW, Kahl C, Axthelm MK, Hansen SG, Früh K. Full genome sequence analysis of a novel adenovirus of rhesus macaque origin indicates a new simian adenovirus type and species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3-4:18-29. [PMID: 25530944 DOI: 10.1016/j.virep.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple novel simian adenoviruses have been isolated over the past years and their potential to cross the species barrier and infect the human population is an ever present threat. Here we describe the isolation and full genome sequencing of a novel simian adenovirus (SAdV) isolated from the urine of two independent, never co-housed, late stage simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. The viral genome sequences revealed a novel type with a unique genome length, GC content, E3 region and DNA polymerase amino acid sequence that is sufficiently distinct from all currently known human- or simian adenovirus species to warrant classifying these isolates as a novel species of simian adenovirus. This new species, termed Simian mastadenovirus D (SAdV-D), displays the standard genome organization for the genus Mastadenovirus containing only one copy of the fiber gene which sets it apart from the old world monkey adenovirus species HAdV-G, SAdV-B and SAdV-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Grant L Howell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christoph Kahl
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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Increased mucosal CD4+ T cell activation in rhesus macaques following vaccination with an adenoviral vector. J Virol 2014; 88:8468-78. [PMID: 24829340 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03850-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The possibility that vaccination with adenovirus (AdV) vectors increased mucosal T cell activation remains a central hypothesis to explain the potential enhancement of HIV acquisition within the Step trial. Modeling this within rhesus macaques is complicated because human adenoviruses, including human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5), are not endogenous to macaques. Here, we tested whether vaccination with a rhesus macaque-derived adenoviral vector (simian adenovirus 7 [SAdV-7]) enhances mucosal T cell activation within rhesus macaques. Following intramuscular SAdV-7 vaccination, we observed a pronounced increase in SAdV-7-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in peripheral blood and, more dramatically, in rectal mucosa tissue. Vaccination also induced a significant increase in the frequency of activated memory CD4(+) T cells in SAdV-7- and HAdV-5-vaccinated animals in the rectal mucosa but not in peripheral blood. These fluctuations within the rectal mucosa were also associated with a pronounced decrease in the relative frequency of naive resting CD4(+) T cells. Together, these results indicate that peripheral vaccination with an AdV vector can increase the activation of mucosal CD4(+) T cells, potentially providing an experimental model to further evaluate the role of host-vector interactions in increased HIV acquisition after AdV vector vaccination. IMPORTANCE The possibility that vaccination with a human adenovirus 5 vector increased mucosal T cell activation remains a central hypothesis to explain the potential enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition within the Step trial. In this study, we tested whether vaccination with a rhesus macaque-derived adenoviral vector in rhesus macaques enhances mucosal CD4(+) T cell activation, the main cell target of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/HIV. The results showed that vaccination with an adenoviral vector indeed increases activation of mucosal CD4(+) T cells and potentially increases susceptibility to SIV infection.
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Lopez-Gordo E, Podgorski II, Downes N, Alemany R. Circumventing antivector immunity: potential use of nonhuman adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:285-300. [PMID: 24499174 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are efficient gene delivery vectors based on their ability to transduce a wide variety of cell types and drive high-level transient transgene expression. While there have been advances in modifying human adenoviral (HAdV) vectors to increase their safety profile, there are still pitfalls that need to be further addressed. Preexisting humoral and cellular immunity against common HAdV serotypes limits the efficacy of gene transfer and duration of transgene expression. As an alternative, nonhuman AdV (NHAdV) vectors can circumvent neutralizing antibodies against HAdVs in immunized mice and monkeys and in human sera, suggesting that NHAdV vectors could circumvent preexisting humoral immunity against HAdVs in a clinical setting. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in developing NHAdV vectors for gene delivery in humans. In this review, we outline the recent advances and limitations of HAdV vectors for gene therapy and describe examples of NHAdV vectors focusing on their immunogenicity, tropism, and potential as effective gene therapy vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- 1 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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Roy S, Sandhu A, Medina A, Clawson DS, Wilson JM. Adenoviruses in fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:1081-8. [PMID: 22709783 PMCID: PMC3376797 DOI: 10.3201/eid1807.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolates contained fiber genes similar to those of adenovirus strains that cause infectious diarrhea in humans. Adenoviruses can cause infectious diarrheal disease or respiratory infections in humans; 2 recent reports have indicated probable human infection with simian adenoviruses (SAdVs). To assess the possibility of animal-to-human transmission of SAdVs, we tested fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques housed in 5 primate facilities in the United States and cultured 23 SAdV isolates. Of these, 9 were purified and completely sequenced; 3 SAdV samples from the American Type Culture Collection (SAdV-6, SAdV-18, and SAdV-20) were also completely sequenced. The sequence of SAdV-18 was closely related to that of human adenovirus F across the whole genome, and the new isolates were found to harbor 2 fiber genes similar to those of human adenovirus (HAdV) strains HAdV-40 and HAdV-41, which can cause infectious diarrhea. The high prevalence of adenoviruses in fecal samples from asymptomatic rhesus macaques and the similarity of the isolates to human strains indicates the possibility of animal-to-human transmission of SAdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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