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Andersen M, Ren B, Romano ME, Schutz SN, Rothstein RI, Suriawinata AA, Liu X, Lisovsky M. Pancreatic acinar metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction is associated with protective effect against intestinal metaplasia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hum Pathol 2023; 139:1-8. [PMID: 37364824 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence suggests that pancreatic acinar metaplasia (PAM) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) overlap infrequently at the gastroesophageal junction/distal esophagus (GEJ/DE). The goal of this study was to evaluate the significance of PAM at GEJ/DE in relation to IM in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Group 1 comprised 230 consecutive patients with GEJ/DE biopsies (80.6% with GERD symptoms). Group 2 comprised 151 patients with established GERD and GEJ/DE biopsies taken before Nissen fundoplication. Group 3 comprised 540 consecutive patients used for a follow-up study of PAM. PAM was present in 15.7%-15.9% and IM in 24.8%-31.1% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. PAM-IM overlap was present in 2.2%-3.3%, respectively. Patients with PAM were, on average, 6-12 years younger than patients with IM, and were predominantly female (72.2%-75%), in contrast to patients with IM (47.3%-32%). In the unadjusted logistic regression model, patients with PAM were 69%-65% less likely to also have IM, as compared to patients without PAM. In the fully adjusted model, patients with PAM were 35%-61% less likely to also have IM, although the P-value was not significant. Follow-up analysis of patients with PAM from group 3 (n = 28) demonstrated the prevalence of IM and PAM in subsequent biopsies at 7.1% and 60.7%, respectively. No cases showed PAM-IM overlap on follow-up. The data suggests that PAM at the GEJ/DE is associated with protective effect against IM and thus could be useful as a marker of decreased susceptibility to IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andersen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 02215, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 02215, USA
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Shannon N Schutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 02215, USA
| | - Richard I Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Arief A Suriawinata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 02215, USA
| | - Mikhail Lisovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 02215, USA.
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2
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Aspatwar A, Tolvanen MEE, Barker H, Syrjänen L, Valanne S, Purmonen S, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S. Carbonic Anhydrases in Metazoan Model Organisms: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1327-1383. [PMID: 35166161 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and Caenorhabditis elegans have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι. Studies using model organisms have focused on two CA families, α-CAs and β-CAs, which are expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with species-specific distribution patterns and unique functions. This review covers the biological roles of CAs and CARPs in light of investigations performed in model organisms. Functional studies demonstrate that CAs are not only linked to the regulation of pH homeostasis, the classical role of CAs but also contribute to a plethora of previously undescribed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo Syrjänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Valanne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Purmonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William S Sly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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3
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Angyal D, Bijvelds MJC, Bruno MJ, Peppelenbosch MP, de Jonge HR. Bicarbonate Transport in Cystic Fibrosis and Pancreatitis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010054. [PMID: 35011616 PMCID: PMC8750324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CFTR, the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene-encoded epithelial anion channel, has a prominent role in driving chloride, bicarbonate and fluid secretion in the ductal cells of the exocrine pancreas. Whereas severe mutations in CFTR cause fibrosis of the pancreas in utero, CFTR mutants with residual function, or CFTR variants with a normal chloride but defective bicarbonate permeability (CFTRBD), are associated with an enhanced risk of pancreatitis. Recent studies indicate that CFTR function is not only compromised in genetic but also in selected patients with an acquired form of pancreatitis induced by alcohol, bile salts or smoking. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the mechanism and regulation of CFTR-mediated and modulated bicarbonate secretion in the pancreatic duct, including the role of the osmotic stress/chloride sensor WNK1 and the scaffolding protein IRBIT, and current knowledge about the role of CFTR in genetic and acquired forms of pancreatitis. Furthermore, we discuss the perspectives for CFTR modulator therapy in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatitis and introduce pancreatic organoids as a promising model system to study CFTR function in the human pancreas, its role in the pathology of pancreatitis and its sensitivity to CFTR modulators on a personalized basis.
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4
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Trampert DC, van de Graaf SFJ, Jongejan A, Oude Elferink RPJ, Beuers U. Hepatobiliary acid-base homeostasis: Insights from analogous secretory epithelia. J Hepatol 2021; 74:428-441. [PMID: 33342564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many epithelia secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid to generate flow, alter viscosity, control pH and potentially protect luminal and intracellular structures from chemical stress. Bicarbonate is a key component of human bile and impaired biliary bicarbonate secretion is associated with liver damage. Major efforts have been undertaken to gain insight into acid-base homeostasis in cholangiocytes and more can be learned from analogous secretory epithelia. Extrahepatic examples include salivary and pancreatic duct cells, duodenocytes, airway and renal epithelial cells. The cellular machinery involved in acid-base homeostasis includes carbonic anhydrase enzymes, transporters of the solute carrier family, and intra- and extracellular pH sensors. This pH-regulatory system is orchestrated by protein-protein interactions, the establishment of an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane and bicarbonate sensing of the intra- and extracellular compartment. In this review, we discuss conserved principles identified in analogous secretory epithelia in the light of current knowledge on cholangiocyte physiology. We present a framework for cholangiocellular acid-base homeostasis supported by expression analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from human cholangiocytes, which provide insights into the molecular basis of pH homeostasis and dysregulation in the biliary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Trampert
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Shan W, Hu Y, Ding J, Yang X, Lou J, Du Q, Liao Q, Luo L, Xu J, Xie R. Advances in Ca 2+ modulation of gastrointestinal anion secretion and its dysregulation in digestive disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:8. [PMID: 32934673 PMCID: PMC7471861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical cell signaling component in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt), as a secondary messenger, controls GI epithelial fluid and ion transport, mucus and neuropeptide secretion, as well as synaptic transmission and motility. The key roles of Ca2+ signaling in other types of secretory cell (including those in the airways and salivary glands) are well known. However, its action in GI epithelial secretion and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. The present review focused on the role of [Ca2+]cyt in GI epithelial anion secretion. Ca2+ signaling regulates the activities of ion channels and transporters involved in GI epithelial ion and fluid transport, including Cl- channels, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator and anion/HCO3- exchangers. Previous studies by the current researchers have focused on this field over several years, providing solid evidence that Ca2+ signaling has an important role in the regulation of GI epithelial anion secretion and uncovering underlying molecular mechanisms. The present review is largely based on previous studies by the current researchers and provides an overview of the currently known molecular mechanisms of GI epithelial anion secretion with an emphasis on Ca2+-mediated ion secretion and its dysregulation in GI disorders. In addition, previous studies by the current researchers demonstrated that different regulatory mechanisms are in place for GI epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretion. An increased understanding of the roles of Ca2+ signaling and its targets in GI anion secretion may lead to the development of novel strategies to inhibit GI diseases, including the enhancement of fluid secretion in CF and protection of the GI mucosa in ulcer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Luo
- Department of Oncology and Geriatrics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chishui City, Guizhou 564700, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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6
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Lam ATN, Aksit MA, Vecchio-Pagan B, Shelton CA, Osorio DL, Anzmann AF, Goff LA, Whitcomb DC, Blackman SM, Cutting GR. Increased expression of anion transporter SLC26A9 delays diabetes onset in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:272-286. [PMID: 31581148 DOI: 10.1172/jci129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common complication of cystic fibrosis (CF) that affects approximately 20% of adolescents and 40%-50% of adults with CF. The age at onset of CF-related diabetes (CFRD) (marked by clinical diagnosis and treatment initiation) is an important measure of the disease process. DNA variants associated with age at onset of CFRD reside in and near SLC26A9. Deep sequencing of the SLC26A9 gene in 762 individuals with CF revealed that 2 common DNA haplotypes formed by the risk variants account for the association with diabetes. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) indicated that SLC26A9 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic ductal cells and frequently coexpressed with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) along with transcription factors that have binding sites 5' of SLC26A9. These findings were replicated upon reanalysis of scRNA-Seq data from 4 independent studies. DNA fragments derived from the 5' region of SLC26A9-bearing variants from the low-risk haplotype generated 12%-20% higher levels of expression in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells compared with the high- risk haplotype. Taken together, our findings indicate that an increase in SLC26A9 expression in ductal cells of the pancreas delays the age at onset of diabetes, suggesting a CFTR-agnostic treatment for a major complication of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Thu N Lam
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melis A Aksit
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Briana Vecchio-Pagan
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Celeste A Shelton
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Ariel Precision Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek L Osorio
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arianna F Anzmann
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Loyal A Goff
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Scott M Blackman
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Garry R Cutting
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Tawfik EA, Alomary MN, Alharbi WS, Alshahrani MY, Alshehri AA. Cystic Fibrosis: Overview of the Current Development Trends and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E616. [PMID: 32630625 PMCID: PMC7407299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive genetic disease, is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This mutation reduces the release of chloride ions (Cl-) in epithelial tissues, and hyperactivates the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) which aid in the absorption of sodium ions (Na+). Consequently, the mucus becomes dehydrated and thickened, making it a suitable medium for microbial growth. CF causes several chronic lung complications like thickened mucus, bacterial infection and inflammation, progressive loss of lung function, and ultimately, death. Until recently, the standard of clinical care in CF treatment had focused on preventing and treating the disease complications. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on CF pathogenesis and provided an outlook on the current therapeutic approaches relevant to CF (i.e., CFTR modulators and ENaC inhibitors). The enormous potential in targeting bacterial biofilms using antibiofilm peptides, and the innovative therapeutic strategies in using the CRISPR/Cas approach as a gene-editing tool to repair the CFTR mutation have been reviewed. Finally, we have discussed the wide range of drug delivery systems available, particularly non-viral vectors, and the optimal properties of nanocarriers which are essential for successful drug delivery to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A. Almughem
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.T.)
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8
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Carrageta DF, Bernardino RL, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. CFTR regulation of aquaporin-mediated water transport. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:163-177. [PMID: 32061340 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride. CFTR-dependent ionic transport is crucial for pH regulation and fluid homeodynamics among epithelial surfaces. Particularly, CFTR performs an essential role in the male reproductive tract, which requires a tight regulation of water and electrolytes in order to produce healthy spermatozoa. The absence or malfunction of CFTR results in cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal disease among Caucasians, that is characterized by an impaired fluid and ionic homeostasis in the whole organism. Due to the wide expression and importance of CFTR, the male reproductive tract is highly affected by cystic fibrosis, resulting in male infertility. Although CFTR is not permeable to water, this protein acts as a regulator of other protein channels, such as aquaporins. In fact, CFTR acts as a molecular partner of aquaporins in epithelial cells, regulating fluid homeodynamics. Herein, up-to-date data concerning the regulation of aquaporin-mediated water transport by CFTR will be discussed, highlighting the role of both channels in the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel L Bernardino
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Kim Y, Jun I, Shin DH, Yoon JG, Piao H, Jung J, Park HW, Cheng MH, Bahar I, Whitcomb DC, Lee MG. Regulation of CFTR Bicarbonate Channel Activity by WNK1: Implications for Pancreatitis and CFTR-Related Disorders. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:79-103. [PMID: 31561038 PMCID: PMC6889609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGRAOUD & AIMS Aberrant epithelial bicarbonate (HCO3-) secretion caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is associated with several diseases including cystic fibrosis and pancreatitis. Dynamically regulated ion channel activity and anion selectivity of CFTR by kinases sensitive to intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) play an important role in epithelial HCO3- secretion. However, the molecular mechanisms of how [Cl-]i-dependent mechanisms regulate CFTR are unknown. METHODS We examined the mechanisms of the CFTR HCO3- channel regulation by [Cl-]i-sensitive kinases using an integrated electrophysiological, molecular, and computational approach including whole-cell, outside-out, and inside-out patch clamp recordings and molecular dissection of WNK1 and CFTR proteins. In addition, we analyzed the effects of pancreatitis-causing CFTR mutations on the WNK1-mediated regulation of CFTR. RESULTS Among the WNK1, SPAK, and OSR1 kinases that constitute a [Cl-]i-sensitive kinase cascade, the expression of WNK1 alone was sufficient to increase the CFTR bicarbonate permeability (PHCO3/PCl) and conductance (GHCO3) in patch clamp recordings. Molecular dissection of the WNK1 domains revealed that the WNK1 kinase domain is responsible for CFTR PHCO3/PCl regulation by direct association with CFTR, while the surrounding N-terminal regions mediate the [Cl-]i-sensitivity of WNK1. Furthermore, the pancreatitis-causing R74Q and R75Q mutations in the elbow helix 1 of CFTR hampered WNK1-CFTR physical associations and reduced WNK1-mediated CFTR PHCO3/PCl regulation. CONCLUSION The CFTR HCO3- channel activity is regulated by [Cl-]i and a WNK1-dependent mechanism. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of the ion selectivity of CFTR and the pathogenesis of CFTR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon G. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - He Piao
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Min Goo Lee, Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea. fax: +82 2 313 1894.
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10
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Schmahl MJ, Regan DP, Rivers AC, Joesten WC, Kennedy MA. NMR-based metabolic profiling of urine, serum, fecal, and pancreatic tissue samples from the Ptf1a-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200658. [PMID: 30016349 PMCID: PMC6049928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States with more than 53,000 expected to be diagnosed with the disease in 2018. The median survival time after diagnosis is four to six months. The poor survival statistics are due in part to the fact that pancreatic cancer is typically asymptomatic until it reaches advanced stages of the disease. Although surgical resection provides the best chance of survival, pancreatic cancer is rarely detected when surgery is still possible due, in part, to lack of effective biomarkers for early detection. The goal of the research reported here was to determine if it was possible to identify metabolic biomarkers for detection of pre-cancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) that precede pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The transgenic Ptf1a-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D mouse strain was used as a model of pancreatic cancer progression. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to compare metabolic profiles of urine, sera, fecal extracts, and pancreatic tissue extracts collected from control and study mice aged 5, 11, and 15 months, including 47 mice with tumors. We were able to identify the following potential biomarkers: decreased 3-indoxylsulfate, benzoate and citrate in urine, decreased glucose, choline, and lactate in blood, and decreased phenylalanine and benzoate and increased acetoin in fecal extracts. Potential biomarkers were validated by p-values, PLS-DA VIP scores, and accuracies based on area under ROC curve analyses. Essentially, all of the metabolic profiling changes could be explained as being associated with the consequences of bicarbonate wasting caused by a complete substitution of the normal pancreatic acinar tissue by tissue entirely composed of PanIN. Given the nature of the mouse model used here, our results indicate that it may be possible to use NMR-based metabolic profiling to identify biomarkers for detection of precancerous PanIN that immediately precede pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Schmahl
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Regan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adam C. Rivers
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William C. Joesten
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
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11
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Mukaibo T, Munemasa T, George AT, Tran DT, Gao X, Herche JL, Masaki C, Shull GE, Soleimani M, Melvin JE. The apical anion exchanger Slc26a6 promotes oxalate secretion by murine submandibular gland acinar cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6259-6268. [PMID: 29530983 PMCID: PMC5925796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) gene family encodes at least 10 different anion exchangers. SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion. In contrast, in the small intestine, SLC26A6 serves as the major pathway for oxalate secretion. However, little is known about the function of Slc26a6 in murine salivary glands. Here, RNA sequencing-based transcriptional profiling and Western blots revealed that Slc26a6 is highly expressed in mouse submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Slc26a6 localized to the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells with no detectable immunostaining in the ducts. CHO-K1 cells transfected with mouse Slc26a6 exchanged Cl- for oxalate and HCO3-, whereas two other anion exchangers known to be expressed in salivary gland acinar cells, Slc4a4 and Slc4a9, mediated little, if any, Cl-/oxalate exchange. Of note, both Cl-/oxalate exchange and Cl-/HCO3- exchange were significantly reduced in acinar cells isolated from the submandibular glands of Slc26a6-/- mice. Oxalate secretion in submandibular saliva also decreased significantly in Slc26a6-/- mice, but HCO3- secretion was unaffected. Taken together, our findings indicate that Slc26a6 is located at the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells, where it mediates Cl-/oxalate exchange and plays a critical role in the secretion of oxalate into saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mukaibo
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Alvin T George
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| | - Duy T Tran
- Biological Chemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xin Gao
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and
| | - Jesse L Herche
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Gary E Shull
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - James E Melvin
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
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12
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Gee HY, Kim J, Lee MG. Unconventional secretion of transmembrane proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 83:59-66. [PMID: 29580969 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years it has become evident that eukaryotic cells utilize both conventional and unconventional pathways to deliver proteins to their target sites. Most proteins with a signal peptide and/or a transmembrane domain are conventionally transported through the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then to the plasma membrane. However, an increasing number of both soluble cargos (Type I, II, and III) and integral membrane proteins (Type IV) have been found to reach the plasma membrane via unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways that bypass the Golgi apparatus under certain conditions, such as cellular stress or development. Well-known examples of transmembrane proteins that undergo Type IV UPS pathways are position-specific antigen subunit alpha 1 integrin, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, and pendrin. Although we collectively refer to all Golgi-bypassing routes as UPS, individual trafficking pathways are diverse compared to the conventional pathways, and the molecular mechanisms of UPS pathways are not yet completely defined. This review summarizes the intracellular trafficking pathways of UPS cargo proteins, particularly those with transmembrane domains, and discusses the molecular machinery involved in the UPS of transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea21 Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Quinton PM. Both Ways at Once: Keeping Small Airways Clean. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:380-390. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small airways of the lungs are under constant assault from the pathogens and debris in the air that they must conduct to alveoli. Although hygiene is of paramount importance for respiratory health, the underlying principles of airway clearance have not been well integrated or established. Newly emerging concepts of simultaneous absorption and secretion of airway surface liquid (ASL) and the role of [Formula: see text] in the maturation of mucins have advanced from experimental evidence as well as observations from the congenital disease cystic fibrosis (CF) to present a novel model that integrates microanatomy with organ physiology to meet the constant challenge of cleaning small airways.
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14
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Daoud J, Heileman K, Shapka S, Rosenberg L, Tabrizian M. Dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring human pancreatic islet differentiation within cell-seeded scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor system. Analyst 2016; 140:6295-305. [PMID: 26280028 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00525f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The long-term in vitro culture and differentiation of human pancreatic islets is still hindered by the inability to emulate a suitable microenvironment mimicking physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) support and nutrient/oxygen perfusion. This is further amplified by the current lack of a non-invasive and rapid monitoring system to readily evaluate cellular processes. In this study, we realized a viable method for non-invasively monitoring isolated human pancreatic islets in vitro. Islets are induced to dedifferentiate into proliferative duct-like structures (DLS) in preparation for potential and subsequent re-differentiation into functional islet-like structures (ILS) in a process reminiscent of islet regeneration strategies. This long-term in vitro process is conducted within a three-dimensional microenvironment involving islets embedded in an optimized ECM gel supported by microfabricated three-dimensional scaffolds. The islet-scaffold is then housed and continuously perfused within chambers of a bioreactor platform. The process in its entirety is monitored through dielectric spectroscopy measurements, yielding an accurate representation of cellular morphology, functionality, and volume fraction. This non-invasive and real-time monitoring tool can be further manipulated to elucidate important information about the optimized cellular microenvironment required for maintaining long-term culture and achieve efficient differentiation for islet regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daoud
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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15
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Liu Y, Yang J, Chen LM. Structure and Function of SLC4 Family [Formula: see text] Transporters. Front Physiol 2015; 6:355. [PMID: 26648873 PMCID: PMC4664831 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier SLC4 family consists of 10 members, nine of which are [Formula: see text] transporters, including three Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/[Formula: see text] exchangers AE1, AE2, and AE3, five Na(+)-coupled [Formula: see text] transporters NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NBCn2, and NDCBE, as well as "AE4" whose Na(+)-dependence remains controversial. The SLC4 [Formula: see text] transporters play critical roles in pH regulation and transepithelial movement of electrolytes with a broad range of demonstrated physiological relevances. Dysfunctions of these transporters are associated with a series of human diseases. During the past decades, tremendous amount of effort has been undertaken to investigate the topological organization of the SLC4 transporters in the plasma membrane. Based upon the proposed topology models, mutational and functional studies have identified important structural elements likely involved in the ion translocation by the SLC4 transporters. In the present article, we review the advances during the past decades in understanding the structure and function of the SLC4 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
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16
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Yu Y, Kuan AS, Chen TY. Calcium-calmodulin does not alter the anion permeability of the mouse TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 144:115-24. [PMID: 24981232 PMCID: PMC4076522 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-calmodulin fails to affect TMEM16A anion permeability. The transmembrane protein TMEM16A forms a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel that is permeable to many anions, including SCN−, I−, Br−, Cl−, and HCO3−, and has been implicated in various physiological functions. Indeed, controlling anion permeation through the TMEM16A channel pore may be critical in regulating the pH of exocrine fluids such as the pancreatic juice. The anion permeability of the TMEM16A channel pore has recently been reported to be modulated by Ca2+-calmodulin (CaCaM), such that the pore of the CaCaM-bound channel shows a reduced ability to discriminate between anions as measured by a shift of the reversal potential under bi-ionic conditions. Here, using a mouse TMEM16A clone that contains the two previously identified putative CaM-binding motifs, we were unable to demonstrate such CaCaM-dependent changes in the bi-ionic potential. We confirmed the activity of CaCaM used in our study by showing CaCaM modulation of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide–gated channel. We suspect that the different bi-ionic potentials that were obtained previously from whole-cell recordings in low and high intracellular [Ca2+] may result from different degrees of bi-ionic potential shift secondary to a series resistance problem, an ion accumulation effect, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Yu
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Ai-Seon Kuan
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Tsung-Yu Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
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17
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Gibson-Corley KN, Meyerholz DK, Engelhardt JF. Pancreatic pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis. J Pathol 2015; 238:311-20. [PMID: 26365583 DOI: 10.1002/path.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is one of the earliest, and most commonly affected, organs in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Studying the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease is limited in CF patients, due to its early clinical onset, co-morbidities and lack of tissue samples from the early phases of disease. In recent years, several new CF animal models have been developed that have advanced our understanding of both CF exocrine and endocrine pancreatic disease. Additionally, these models have helped us to better define the influence of pancreatic lesions on CF disease progression in other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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18
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Leal-Lopes C, Velloso FJ, Campopiano JC, Sogayar MC, Correa RG. Roles of Commensal Microbiota in Pancreas Homeostasis and Pancreatic Pathologies. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:284680. [PMID: 26347203 PMCID: PMC4544440 DOI: 10.1155/2015/284680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas plays a central role in metabolism, allowing ingested food to be converted and used as fuel by the cells throughout the body. On the other hand, the pancreas may be affected by devastating diseases, such as pancreatitis, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), and diabetes mellitus (DM), which generally results in a wide metabolic imbalance. The causes for the development and progression of these diseases are still controversial; therefore it is essential to better understand the underlying mechanisms which compromise the pancreatic homeostasis. The interest in the study of the commensal microbiome increased extensively in recent years, when many discoveries have illustrated its central role in both human physiology and maintenance of homeostasis. Further understanding of the involvement of the microbiome during the development of pathological conditions is critical for the improvement of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the present review, we discuss recent findings on the behavior and functions played by the microbiota in major pancreatic diseases and provide further insights into its potential roles in the maintenance of pancreatic steady-state activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Leal-Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando J. Velloso
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia C. Campopiano
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mari C. Sogayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G. Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- *Ricardo G. Correa:
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights recent progress made in the field of pancreatic secretion. RECENT FINDINGS This review summarizes a number of recent studies demonstrating the intracellular pathways by which hormones and neural inputs regulate pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion. In particular, the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin on intra-acinar cell adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate are explored. Considerable attention is paid to regulation of β-cell function and includes studies detailing the mechanisms of regulation of insulin by somatostatin, serotonin, and melanocortins. These studies emphasize the critical role that hormonal, paracrine, and neural factors play in glucose homeostasis. SUMMARY Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretions are regulated by hormonal and neural mechanisms, and understanding these pathways will enable the discovery and design of new and improved therapies for prevention and control of diabetes and perhaps exocrine insufficiency.
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20
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Jung J, Lee MG. Role of calcium signaling in epithelial bicarbonate secretion. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:376-84. [PMID: 24598807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transepithelial bicarbonate secretion plays a key role in the maintenance of fluid and protein secretion from epithelial cells and the protection of the epithelial cell surface from various pathogens. Epithelial bicarbonate secretion is mainly under the control of cAMP and calcium signaling. While the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of cAMP-induced bicarbonate secretion are relatively well defined, those induced by calcium signaling remain poorly understood in most epithelia. The present review summarizes the current status of knowledge on the role of calcium signaling in epithelial bicarbonate secretion. Specifically, this review introduces how cytosolic calcium signaling can increase bicarbonate secretion by regulating membrane transport proteins and how it synergizes with cAMP-induced mechanisms in epithelial cells. In addition, tissue-specific variations in the pancreas, salivary glands, intestines, bile ducts, and airways are discussed. We hope that the present report will stimulate further research into this important topic. These studies will provide the basis for future medicines for a wide spectrum of epithelial disorders including cystic fibrosis, Sjögren's syndrome, and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsei Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Kurtz I. NBCe1 as a model carrier for understanding the structure-function properties of Na⁺ -coupled SLC4 transporters in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1501-16. [PMID: 24515290 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SLC4 transporters are membrane proteins that in general mediate the coupled transport of bicarbonate (carbonate) and share amino acid sequence homology. These proteins differ as to whether they also transport Na(+) and/or Cl(-), in addition to their charge transport stoichiometry, membrane targeting, substrate affinities, developmental expression, regulatory motifs, and protein-protein interactions. These differences account in part for the fact that functionally, SLC4 transporters have various physiological roles in mammals including transepithelial bicarbonate transport, intracellular pH regulation, transport of Na(+) and/or Cl(-), and possibly water. Bicarbonate transport is not unique to the SLC4 family since the structurally unrelated SLC26 family has at least three proteins that mediate anion exchange. The present review focuses on the first of the sodium-dependent SLC4 transporters that was identified whose structure has been most extensively studied: the electrogenic Na(+)-base cotransporter NBCe1. Mutations in NBCe1 cause proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) with neurologic and ophthalmologic extrarenal manifestations. Recent studies have characterized the important structure-function properties of the transporter and how they are perturbed as a result of mutations that cause pRTA. It has become increasingly apparent that the structure of NBCe1 differs in several key features from the SLC4 Cl(-)-HCO3 (-) exchanger AE1 whose structural properties have been well-studied. In this review, the structure-function properties and regulation of NBCe1 will be highlighted, and its role in health and disease will be reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Kurtz
- Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
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22
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Abstract
The clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) result from dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR). The majority of people with CF have a limited life span as a consequence of CFTR dysfunction in the respiratory tract. However, CFTR dysfunction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract occurs earlier in ontogeny and is present in all patients, regardless of genotype. The same pathophysiologic triad of obstruction, infection, and inflammation that causes disease in the airways also causes disease in the intestines. This article describes the effects of CFTR dysfunction on the intestinal tissues and the intraluminal environment. Mouse models of CF have greatly advanced our understanding of the GI manifestations of CF, which can be directly applied to understanding CF disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C De Lisle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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23
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Lacruz RS, Smith CE, Kurtz I, Hubbard MJ, Paine ML. New paradigms on the transport functions of maturation-stage ameloblasts. J Dent Res 2012; 92:122-9. [PMID: 23242231 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512470954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully matured dental enamel is an architecturally and mechanically complex hydroxyapatite-based bioceramic devoid of most of the organic material that was essential in its making. Enamel formation is a staged process principally involving secretory and maturation stages, each associated with major changes in gene expression and cellular function. Cellular activities that define the maturation stage of amelogenesis include ion (e.g., calcium and phosphate) transport and storage, control of intracellular and extracellular pH (e.g., bicarbonate and hydrogen ion movements), and endocytosis. Recent studies on rodent amelogenesis have identified a multitude of gene products that appear to be linked to these cellular activities. This review describes the main cellular activities of these genes during the maturation stage of amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Lacruz
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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