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Asmamaw MD, He A, Zhang LR, Liu HM, Gao Y. Histone deacetylase complexes: Structure, regulation and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189150. [PMID: 38971208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators, and transcriptional complexes with deacetylase function are among the epigenetic corepressor complexes in the nucleus that target the epigenome. HDAC-bearing corepressor complexes such as the Sin3 complex, NuRD complex, CoREST complex, and SMRT/NCoR complex are common in biological systems. These complexes activate the otherwise inactive HDACs in a solitary state. HDAC complexes play vital roles in the regulation of key biological processes such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair. Moreover, deregulated HDAC complex function is implicated in human diseases including cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting HDAC complexes are being sought actively. Thus, illustration of the nature and composition of HDAC complexes is vital to understanding the molecular basis of their functions under physiologic and pathologic conditions, and for designing targeted therapies. This review presents key aspects of large multiprotein HDAC-bearing complexes including their structure, function, regulatory mechanisms, implication in disease development, and role in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Ang He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
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2
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Edwin RK, Acharya LP, Maity SK, Chakrabarti P, Tantia O, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K, Parsa KVL, Misra P. TGS1/PIMT knockdown reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes, limits body weight gain and promotes insulin sensitivity in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166896. [PMID: 37751782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PRIP Interacting protein with Methyl Transferase domain (PIMT/TGS1) is an integral upstream coactivator in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcriptional apparatus. PPARγ activation alleviates insulin resistance but promotes weight gain. Herein, we show how PIMT regulates body weight while promoting insulin sensitivity in diet induced obese mice. In vitro, we observed enhanced PIMT levels during adipogenesis. Knockdown of PIMT in 3T3-L1 results in reduced lipid accumulation and alters PPARγ regulated gene expression. Intraperitoneal injection of shPIMT lentivirus in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice caused reduced adipose tissue size and decreased expression of lipid markers. This was accompanied by significantly lower levels of inflammation, hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the different adipose depots (eWAT and iWAT). Notably, PIMT depletion limits body weight gain in HFD-fed mice along with improved impaired oral glucose clearance. It also enhanced insulin sensitivity revealed by assessment of important insulin resistance markers and increased adiponectin levels. In addition, reduced PIMT levels did not alter the serum free fatty acid and TNFα levels. Finally, the relevance of our studies to human obesity is suggested by our finding that PIMT was upregulated in adipose tissue of obese patients along with crucial fat marker genes. We speculate that PIMT may be a potential target in maintaining energy metabolism, thus regulating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Lavanya Prakash Acharya
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Poddar Nagar, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Poddar Nagar, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Om Tantia
- Institute of Laparoscopic Surgery Group of Hospitals, DD - 6, Sector I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India.
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Parimal Misra
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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3
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Uba AI, Zengin G. In the quest for histone deacetylase inhibitors: current trends in the application of multilayered computational methods. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1709-1726. [PMID: 37367966 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have gained attention over the past three decades because of their potential in the treatment of different diseases including various forms of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune, inflammatory diseases, and other metabolic disorders. To date, 5 HDAC inhibitor drugs are marketed for the treatment of hematological malignancies and several drug-candidate HDAC inhibitors are at different stages of clinical trials. However, due to the toxic side effects of these drugs resulting from the lack of target selectivity, active studies are ongoing to design and develop either class-selective or isoform-selective inhibitors. Computational methods have aided the discovery of HDAC inhibitors with the desired potency and/or selectivity. These methods include ligand-based approaches such as scaffold hopping, pharmacophore modeling, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR); and structure-based virtual screening (molecular docking). The current trends involve the application of the combination of these methods and incorporating molecular dynamics simulations coupled with Poisson-Boltzmann/molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-PBSA/MM-GBSA) to improve the prediction of ligand binding affinity. This review aimed at understanding the current trends in applying these multilayered strategies and their contribution to the design/identification of HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, Istanbul, 34537, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
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4
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Tate T, Plumber SA, Al-Ahmadie H, Chen X, Choi W, Lu C, Viny A, Batourina E, Gartensson K, Alija B, Molotkov A, Wiessner G, McKiernan J, McConkey D, Dinney C, Czerniak B, Mendelsohn CL. Combined Mek inhibition and Pparg activation Eradicates Muscle Invasive Bladder cancer in a Mouse Model of BBN-induced Carcinogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553961. [PMID: 37662238 PMCID: PMC10473651 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancers (BCs) can be divided into 2 major subgroups displaying distinct clinical behaviors and mutational profiles: basal/squamous (BASQ) tumors that tend to be muscle invasive, and luminal/papillary (LP) tumors that are exophytic and tend to be non-invasive. Pparg is a likely driver of LP BC and has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor in BASQ tumors, where it is likely suppressed by MEK-dependent phosphorylation. Here we tested the effects of rosiglitazone, a Pparg agonist, in a mouse model of BBN-induced muscle invasive BC. Rosiglitazone activated Pparg signaling in suprabasal epithelial layers of tumors but not in basal-most layers containing highly proliferative invasive cells, reducing proliferation but not affecting tumor survival. Addition of trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, induced Pparg signaling throughout all tumor layers, and eradicated 91% of tumors within 7-days of treatment. The 2-drug combination also activated a luminal differentiation program, reversing squamous metaplasia in the urothelium of tumor-bearing mice. Paired ATAC-RNA-seq analysis revealed that tumor apoptosis was most likely linked to down-regulation of Bcl-2 and other pro-survival genes, while the shift from BASQ to luminal differentiation was associated with activation of the retinoic acid pathway and upregulation of Kdm6a, a lysine demethylase that facilitates retinoid-signaling. Our data suggest that rosiglitazone, trametinib, and retinoids, which are all FDA approved, may be clinically active in BASQ tumors in patients. That muscle invasive tumors are populated by basal and suprabasal cell types with different responsiveness to PPARG agonists will be an important consideration when designing new treatments.
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Cremer J, Brohée L, Dupont L, Lefevre C, Peiffer R, Saarinen AM, Peulen O, Bindels L, Liu J, Colige A, Deroanne CF. Acidosis-induced regulation of adipocyte G0S2 promotes crosstalk between adipocytes and breast cancer cells as well as tumor progression. Cancer Lett 2023:216306. [PMID: 37442366 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment govern tumor progression. Among the stromal cells in this microenvironment, adipocytes have been reported to upregulate cancer cell migration and invasion by producing fatty acids. Conversely, cancer cells alter adipocyte phenotype notably via increased lipolysis. We aimed to identify the mechanisms through which cancer cells trigger adipocyte lipolysis and evaluate the functional consequences on cancer progression. Here, we show that cancer cell-induced acidification of the extracellular medium strongly promotes preadipocyte lipolysis through a mechanism that does not involve lipophagy but requires adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity. This increased lipolysis is triggered mainly by attenuation of the G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2)-induced inhibition of ATGL. G0S2-mediated regulation in preadipocytes affects their communication with breast cancer cells, modifying the phenotype of the cancer cells and increasing their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the adipocyte-specific overexpression of G0S2 impairs mammary tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in vivo. Our results highlight the importance of acidosis in cancer cell-adipocyte crosstalk and identify G0S2 as the main regulator of cancer-induced lipolysis, regulating tumor establishment and spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cremer
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Brohée
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Dupont
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Peiffer
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alicia M Saarinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laure Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe F Deroanne
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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6
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The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179708. [PMID: 36077103 PMCID: PMC9456565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.
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Rutaecarpine Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis and Protects against HFD-Induced Obesity via AMPK/PGC-1α Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040469. [PMID: 35455466 PMCID: PMC9027001 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of adaptive thermogenesis to increase energy expenditure is considered to be a novel strategy for obesity. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), which serves as an inducible co-activator in energy expenditure, is highly expressed in brown adipose tissues (BAT). In this study, we found a PGC-1α transcriptional activator, natural compound rutaecarpine (Rut), which promoted brown adipocytes mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis in vitro. Chronic Rut treatment reduced the body weight gain and mitigated insulin sensitivity through brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis. Mechanistic study showed that Rut activated the energy metabolic pathway AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/PGC-1α axis, and deficiency of AMPK abolished the beneficial metabolic phenotype of the Rut treatment in vitro and in vivo. In summary, a PGC-1α transcriptional activator Rut was found to activate brown and beige adipose thermogenesis to resist diet-induced obesity through AMPK pathway. Our findings serve as a further understanding of the natural compound in adipose tissue and provides a possible strategy to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Kong S, Cai B, Nie Q. PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:621-633. [PMID: 35290519 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development has broad research prospects, so it is important to review the related studies of PGC-1α in detail and comprehensively. PGC-1α is a protein composed of 798 amino acids (aa) with a molecular weight of about 91 kDa. PGC-1α is involved in the operation of the respiratory chain by combining with deacetylase and phosphorylase to bind some nuclear receptors. In addition, PGC-1α affects skeletal muscle and adipose metabolism by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, new data suggest that regulating mitochondrial metabolism in adipose tissue may be an effective adjunct to the treatment of obesity. In addition, dietary resveratrol, which has an effective anti-obesity effect, has been shown to promote mitochondrial biosynthesis by activating AMPK/PGC-1α axis, as well as to regenerate muscle damaged by obesity. In this review, we combined previous studies to explore the latest studies, showing that PGC-1α can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and is regulated by AMPK and SIRT1. Furthermore, PGC-1α is a favored protein, which not only regulates muscle fiber type, inhibits muscle atrophy, but also participates in browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulates body heat production. So, we concluded that PGC-1α is a key gene in mitochondrial biogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis along with other genes involved in the process. Meanwhile, PGC-1α acts as a core metabolic regulator in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This review comprehensively summarizes a large number of research findings. First, the role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial biogenesis was clarified, and then the key role of PGC-1α in the development of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was reevaluated. Furthermore, the role of PGC-1α in some human diseases was discussed. Finally, the role of PGC-1α as a major gene in poultry was pointed out, and the future research direction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Natural bioactive constituents from herbs and nutraceuticals promote browning of white adipose tissue. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Hu W, Jiang C, Kim M, Xiao Y, Richter HJ, Guan D, Zhu K, Krusen BM, Roberts AN, Miller J, Steger DJ, Lazar MA. Isoform-specific functions of PPARγ in gene regulation and metabolism. Genes Dev 2022; 36:300-312. [PMID: 35273075 PMCID: PMC8973844 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349232.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Hu et al. investigated the specific functions of the two main PPARγ isoforms by generating mouse lines in which endogenous PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 were epitope-tagged to interrogate isoform-specific genomic binding, and mice deficient in either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2 to assess isoform-specific gene regulation. They show that PPARγ isoforms have specific and separable metabolic functions that may be targeted to improve therapy for insulin resistance and diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that is a vital regulator of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. Activation of PPARγ by antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZD) reverses insulin resistance but also leads to weight gain that limits the use of these drugs. There are two main PPARγ isoforms, but the specific functions of each are not established. Here we generated mouse lines in which endogenous PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 were epitope-tagged to interrogate isoform-specific genomic binding, and mice deficient in either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2 to assess isoform-specific gene regulation. Strikingly, although PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 contain identical DNA binding domains, we uncovered isoform-specific genomic binding sites in addition to shared sites. Moreover, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 regulated a different set of genes in adipose tissue depots, suggesting distinct roles in adipocyte biology. Indeed, mice with selective deficiency of PPARγ1 maintained body temperature better than wild-type or PPARγ2-deficient mice. Most remarkably, although TZD treatment improved glucose tolerance in mice lacking either PPARγ1 or PPARγ2, the PPARγ1-deficient mice were protected from TZD-induced body weight gain compared with PPARγ2-deficient mice. Thus, PPARγ isoforms have specific and separable metabolic functions that may be targeted to improve therapy for insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Hu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hannah J Richter
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dongyin Guan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brianna M Krusen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Arielle N Roberts
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David J Steger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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11
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Kim CY, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Lee SH, Han Y, Lee KY. Dlx5 Represses the Transcriptional Activity of PPARγ. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1303-1308. [PMID: 34471058 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation, while distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) is essential for initiating osteoblast differentiation by driving Runt-related transcription factor 2 expression. Considering that adipocytes and osteoblasts share common progenitors, there is a reciprocal correlation between bone and fat formation. However, the mechanism by which Dlx5 controls PPARγ remains unclear. We elucidated that Dlx5 physically binds to PPARγ during immunoprecipitation; in particular, the ligand-binding and DNA-binding domains of PPARγ were involved in the interaction. Transcriptional activity of PPARγ was significantly decreased by Dlx5 overexpression, whereas the opposite results were detected with Dlx5 knockdown. Rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, further enhanced the PPARγ-induced transcriptional activity; however, Dlx5 overexpression effectively repressed the rosiglitazone-mediated increase in activity. Finally, DNA-binding affinity assay revealed that Dlx5 interrupts the interaction of PPARγ with the PPARγ response element promoter. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Dlx5 impedes PPARγ-induced activity, and it may be useful for managing diabetes drug-mediated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Yul Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University
| | - Dong Hyeok Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Younho Han
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University
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12
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Xiao Q, He J, Lei A, Xu H, Zhang L, Zhou P, Jiang G, Zhou J. PPARγ enhances ILC2 function during allergic airway inflammation via transcription regulation of ST2. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:468-478. [PMID: 32811992 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent the major player during hyperresponsive airway inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was highly expressed on ILC2 and its potential role in asthma has been suggested. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the effects of PPARγ on ILC2-induced airway inflammation remains to be fully understood. Here we identified PPARγ as a positive regulator of lung ILC2. Expression of PPARγ on ILC2 was dramatically induced upon interleukin-33 (IL-33) challenge. Deficiency of PPARγ in hematopoietic system in mice (PPARγfl/fl Vav1Cre) significantly impaired the function of ILC2 in lung, which led to apparent alleviation of airway inflammation in response to IL-33 or Papain challenge, when compared with those in PPARγfl/fl littermates control. Mechanistic studies identified IL-33 receptor ST2 as a transcriptional target of PPARγ. Overexpression of ST2 rescued the functional defects of ILC2 lacking PPARγ. Collectively, these results demonstrated PPARγ as an important regulator of ILC2 during allergic airway inflammation, which sheds new lights on the importance of PPARγ in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Juan He
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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14
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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15
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Dias MMG, Batista FAH, Tittanegro TH, de Oliveira AG, Le Maire A, Torres FR, Filho HVR, Silveira LR, Figueira ACM. PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Modifies the Dynamics of Coregulator Proteins Recruitment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:561256. [PMID: 33329381 PMCID: PMC7729135 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.561256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor PPARγ is essential to maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, acting as a master regulator of adipogenesis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Its activation through natural or synthetic ligands induces the recruitment of coactivators, leading to transcription of target genes such as cytokines and hormones. More recently, post translational modifications, such as PPARγ phosphorylation at Ser273 by CDK5 in adipose tissue, have been linked to insulin resistance trough the dysregulation of expression of a specific subset of genes. Here, we investigate how this phosphorylation may disturb the interaction between PPARγ and some coregulator proteins as a new mechanism that may leads to insulin resistance. Through cellular and in vitro assays, we show that PPARγ phosphorylation inhibition increased the activation of the receptor, therefore the increased recruitment of PGC1-α and TIF2 coactivators, whilst decreases the interaction with SMRT and NCoR corepressors. Moreover, our results show a shift in the coregulators interaction domains preferences, suggesting additional interaction interfaces formed between the phosphorylated PPARγ and some coregulator proteins. Also, we observed that the CDK5 presence disturb the PPARγ-coregulator's synergy, decreasing interaction with PGC1-α, TIF2, and NCoR, but increasing coupling of SMRT. Finally, we conclude that the insulin resistance provoked by PPARγ phosphorylation is linked to a differential coregulators recruitment, which may promote dysregulation in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieli Mariano Gonçalves Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Helena Tittanegro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo de Oliveira
- Mitochondrial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Albane Le Maire
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Felipe Rafael Torres
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helder Veras Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- Mitochondrial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Kaupang Å, Hansen TV. The PPAR Ω Pocket: Renewed Opportunities for Drug Development. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:9657380. [PMID: 32695150 PMCID: PMC7351019 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9657380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade of PPARγ research has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγ ligands. The discoveries that lie at the heart of these developments have enabled the design of a new class of PPARγ ligands, capable of isolating central therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, while displaying markedly lower toxicities than previous generations of PPARγ ligands. This review examines the emerging framework around the design of these ligands and seeks to unite its principles with the development of new classes of ligands for PPARα and PPARβ/δ. The focus is on the relationships between the binding modes of ligands, their influence on PPAR posttranslational modifications, and gene expression patterns. Specifically, we encourage the design and study of ligands that primarily bind to the Ω pockets of PPARα and PPARβ/δ. In support of this development, we highlight already reported ligands that if studied in the context of this new framework may further our understanding of the gene programs regulated by PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Moreover, recently developed pharmacological tools that can be utilized in the search for ligands with new binding modes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Kaupang
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Tharp WG, Gupta D, Sideleva O, Deacon CF, Holst JJ, Elahi D, Pratley RE. Effects of Pioglitazone on Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide-Mediated Insulin Secretion and Adipocyte Receptor Expression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:146-157. [PMID: 31757794 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Incretin hormone dysregulation contributes to reduced insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Resistance to glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) action may occur through desensitization or downregulation of β-cell GIP receptors (GIP-R). Studies in rodents and cell lines show GIP-R expression can be regulated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) response elements (PPREs). Whether this occurs in humans is unknown. To test this, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone therapy on GIP-mediated insulin secretion and adipocyte GIP-R expression in subjects with well-controlled T2DM. Insulin sensitivity improved, but the insulinotropic effect of infused GIP was unchanged following 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment. In parallel, we observed increased GIP-R mRNA expression in subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes from subjects treated with pioglitazone. Treatment of cultured human adipocytes with troglitazone increased PPARγ binding to GIP-R PPREs. These results show PPARγ agonists regulate GIP-R expression through PPREs in human adipocytes, but suggest this mechanism is not important for regulation of the insulinotropic effect of GIP in subjects with T2DM. Because GIP has antilipolytic and lipogenic effects in adipocytes, the increased GIP-R expression may mediate accretion of fat in patients with T2DM treated with PPARγ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Tharp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Dhananjay Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Olga Sideleva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Carolyn F Deacon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dariush Elahi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard E Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, FL
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18
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Anti-obesity effect of cocoa proteins (Theobroma cacao L.) variety “Criollo” and the expression of genes related to the dysfunction of white adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Controls Mature Brown Adipocyte Inducibility through Glycerol Kinase. Cell Rep 2019; 22:760-773. [PMID: 29346772 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been suggested as the master regulators of adipose tissue formation. However, their role in regulating brown fat functionality has not been resolved. To address this question, we generated mice with inducible brown fat-specific deletions of PPARα, β/δ, and γ, respectively. We found that both PPARα and β/δδ are dispensable for brown fat function. In contrast, we could show that ablation of PPARγ in vitro and in vivo led to a reduced thermogenic capacity accompanied by a loss of inducibility by β-adrenergic signaling, as well as a shift from oxidative fatty acid metabolism to glucose utilization. We identified glycerol kinase (Gyk) as a partial mediator of PPARγ function and could show that Gyk expression correlates with brown fat thermogenic capacity in human brown fat biopsies. Thus, Gyk might constitute the link between PPARγ-mediated regulation of brown fat function and activation by β-adrenergic signaling.
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20
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Xiong Z, Luo P, Zhou J, Tan M. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 as a potential regulator of bone metabolism via PPARγ-dependent and independent pathways: a review. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1879-1888. [PMID: 31213775 PMCID: PMC6549764 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s206695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a complex physiological process that primarily involves osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, both of which are regulated by a variety of biological factors. There is increasing evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays an important role in lipid metabolism and bone metabolism. Through the PPARγ-dependent pathway, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) promotes the formation of marrow adipocytes and inhibits the formation of osteoblasts, resulting in bone loss and increasing the risk of fracture and osteoporosis. Recent studies have found that through the PPARγ-independent pathway, 15d-PGJ2 plays a regulatory role in bone metastasis of breast cancer, which can inhibit osteoclastogenesis and reduce bone destruction. The purpose of our review is to summarize the recent progress in elucidating the mechanisms and effects of 15d-PGJ2 in bone metabolism, which can serve as a novel therapeutic target for bone tumors, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencheng Xiong
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Luo
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Tan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Suzuki C, Ushijima K, Ando H, Kitamura H, Horiguchi M, Akita T, Yamashita C, Fujimura A. Induction of Dbp by a histone deacetylase inhibitor is involved in amelioration of insulin sensitivity via adipocyte differentiation in ob/ob mice. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:955-968. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1602841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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22
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Eldahshan W, Ishrat T, Pillai B, Sayed MA, Alwhaibi A, Fouda AY, Ergul A, Fagan SC. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation with compound 21 improves neurological function after stroke in female rats: a pilot study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1192-H1201. [PMID: 30822121 PMCID: PMC6580399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00446.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, compound 21 (C21), has been shown to be neurovascularly protective after ischemic stroke in male rats. In the current study, we aim to study the impact of C21 treatment on female rats. Young female Wistar rats were subjected to different durations of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (3 h, 2 h, and 1 h) using a silicone-coated monofilament, treated at reperfusion with 0.03 mg/kg ip of C21 and followed up for different times (1, 3, and 14 days) after stroke. Behavioral tests were performed (Bederson, paw grasp, beam walk, and rotarod), and animals were euthanized for infarct size analysis and Western blot analysis. In vitro, primary male and female brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) were grown in culture, and the expression of the AT2R was compared between males and females. At 1 day, C21 treatment resulted in an improvement in Bederson scores. However, at 3 days and 14 days, the impact of C21 on stroke outcomes was less robust. In vitro, the expression of the AT2R was significantly higher in female ECs compared with male ECs. In conclusion, C21 improves Bederson scores after stroke in female rats when administered early at reperfusion. The ability of C21 to exert its neuroprotective effects might be affected by fluctuating levels of female hormones. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study shows the neuroprotective impact of C21 on ischemic stroke in female rats and how the protective effects of C21 can be influenced by the hormonal status of female rodents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnosis
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/psychology
- Male
- Microvessels/drug effects
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Pilot Projects
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Eldahshan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bindu Pillai
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed A Sayed
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy , Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
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23
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Mosure SA, Shang J, Eberhardt J, Brust R, Zheng J, Griffin PR, Forli S, Kojetin DJ. Structural Basis of Altered Potency and Efficacy Displayed by a Major in Vivo Metabolite of the Antidiabetic PPARγ Drug Pioglitazone. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2008-2023. [PMID: 30676741 PMCID: PMC6898968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (Pio) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for type-2 diabetes that binds and activates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), yet it remains unclear how in vivo Pio metabolites affect PPARγ structure and function. Here, we present a structure-function comparison of Pio and its most abundant in vivo metabolite, 1-hydroxypioglitazone (PioOH). PioOH displayed a lower binding affinity and reduced potency in co-regulator recruitment assays. X-ray crystallography and molecular docking analysis of PioOH-bound PPARγ ligand-binding domain revealed an altered hydrogen bonding network, including the formation of water-mediated bonds, which could underlie its altered biochemical phenotype. NMR spectroscopy and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analysis coupled to activity assays revealed that PioOH better stabilizes the PPARγ activation function-2 (AF-2) co-activator binding surface and better enhances co-activator binding, affording slightly better transcriptional efficacy. These results indicating that Pio hydroxylation affects its potency and efficacy as a PPARγ agonist contributes to our understanding of PPARγ-drug metabolite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome Eberhardt
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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24
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Bost F, Kaminski L. The metabolic modulator PGC-1α in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:198-211. [PMID: 30906622 PMCID: PMC6405967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a central modulator of cell metabolism. It regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Modifications and adaptations in cellular metabolism are hallmarks of cancer cells, thus, it is not surprising that PGC-1α plays a role in cancer. Several recent articles have shown that PGC-1α expression is altered in tumors and metastasis in relation to modifications in cellular metabolism. The potential uses of PGC-1α as a therapeutic target and a biomarker of the advanced form of cancer will be summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Bost
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (INSERM U1065) Nice, France
| | - Lisa Kaminski
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (INSERM U1065) Nice, France
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25
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Understanding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: From the Structure to the Regulatory Actions on Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:39-57. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1101/328203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Rodrigues AH, Moreira CCL, Neves MJ, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Replacement of soybean oil by fish oil increases cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diets. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hasan AU, Ohmori K, Hashimoto T, Kamitori K, Yamaguchi F, Rahman A, Tokuda M, Kobori H. PPARγ activation mitigates glucocorticoid receptor-induced excessive lipolysis in adipocytes via homeostatic crosstalk. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4627-4635. [PMID: 29266408 PMCID: PMC5916340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proper balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipocytes determines the release of free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol, which is crucial for whole body lipid homeostasis. Although, dysregulation of lipid homeostasis contributes to various metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, the regulatory mechanism remains elusive. This study clarified the individual and combined roles for glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathways in lipid metabolism of adipocytes. In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GCR activation using dexamethasone upregulated adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and downregulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), resulting in enhanced glycerol release into the medium. In contrast, PPARγ ligand pioglitazone modestly upregulated ATGL and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), but markedly enhanced PEPCK and glycerol kinase (GK), thereby suppressed glycerol release. Dexamethasone showed permissive like effect on PPARγ target genes including perilipin A and aP2, therefore co-administration of dexamethasone and pioglitazone demonstrated synergistic upregulation of these enzymes excepting PEPCK, of which downregulation by dexamethasone was abolished by pioglitazone to the level above control. Thus, the excessive glycerol release was prevented as the net outcome of the co-administration. Consistently, the bodipy stain demonstrated that dexamethasone reduced the amount of cytosolic lipid, which was preserved in co-treated adipocytes. Moreover, silencing of PPARγ suppressed the synergistic effects of co-treatment on the lipolytic and lipogenic genes, and therefore the GCR pathway indeed involves PPARγ. In conclusion, crosstalk between GCR and PPARγ is largely synergistic but counter-regulatory in lipogenic genes, of which enhancement prevents excessive glycerol and possibly FFA release by glucocorticoids into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ul Hasan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-2 Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Koji Ohmori
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JCHO Ritsurin Hospital, 3-5-9 Ritsurin-cho, Takamatsu-shi, Kagawa 760-0073, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kamitori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-2 Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-2 Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
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Broekema MF, Hollman DAA, Koppen A, van den Ham HJ, Melchers D, Pijnenburg D, Ruijtenbeek R, van Mil SWC, Houtman R, Kalkhoven E. Profiling of 3696 Nuclear Receptor-Coregulator Interactions: A Resource for Biological and Clinical Discovery. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2397-2407. [PMID: 29718163 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that play critical roles in metazoan development, reproduction, and physiology and therefore are implicated in a broad range of pathologies. The transcriptional activity of NRs critically depends on their interaction(s) with transcriptional coregulator proteins, including coactivators and corepressors. Short leucine-rich peptide motifs in these proteins (LxxLL in coactivators and LxxxIxxxL in corepressors) are essential and sufficient for NR binding. With 350 different coregulator proteins identified to date and with many coregulators containing multiple interaction motifs, an enormous combinatorial potential is present for selective NR-mediated gene regulation. However, NR-coregulator interactions have often been determined experimentally on a one-to-one basis across diverse experimental conditions. In addition, NR-coregulator interactions are difficult to predict because the molecular determinants that govern specificity are not well established. Therefore, many biologically and clinically relevant NR-coregulator interactions may remain to be discovered. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of 3696 NR-coregulator interactions by systematically characterizing the binding of 24 nuclear receptors with 154 coregulator peptides. We identified unique ligand-dependent NR-coregulator interaction profiles for each NR, confirming many well-established NR-coregulator interactions. Hierarchical clustering based on the NR-coregulator interaction profiles largely recapitulates the classification of NR subfamilies based on the primary amino acid sequences of the ligand-binding domains, indicating that amino acid sequence is an important, although not the only, molecular determinant in directing and fine-tuning NR-coregulator interactions. This NR-coregulator peptide interactome provides an open data resource for future biological and clinical discovery as well as NR-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjoleine F Broekema
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Danielle A A Hollman
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Koppen
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Diana Melchers
- PamGene International B. V., BJ 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Pijnenburg
- PamGene International B. V., BJ 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- PamGene International B. V., BJ 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Saskia W C van Mil
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - René Houtman
- PamGene International B. V., BJ 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Molecular Cancer Research and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, CG Utrecht, Netherlands
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Ryu S, Kim DS, Lee MW, Lee JW, Sung KW, Koo HH, Yoo KH. Anti-leukemic effects of PPARγ ligands. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:10-19. [PMID: 29331412 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, a subtype of PPARs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family. PPARγ and its ligands contribute to various types of diseases including cancer. Given that currently developed therapies against leukemia are not very effective or safe, PPARγ ligands have been shown to be a new class of compounds with the potential to treat hematologic malignancies, particularly leukemia. The capability of PPARγ ligands to induce apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, and promote differentiation of leukemia cells suggests it has significant potential as a drug against leukemia. However, the specific mechanisms and molecules involved are not well-understood, although a number of PPARγ ligands with anti-leukemic effects have been identified. This may explain why PPARγ ligands have not been widely evaluated in clinical trials. To fill the gaps in the lack of understanding of specific anti-leukemic processes of PPARγ ligands and further adapt these molecules as anti-leukemic agents, this review describes previous studies of the anti-leukemic effects of PPARγ ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Ryu
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
| | - Dae Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Myoung Woo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Woll AW, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. PPARγ and retinol binding protein 7 form a regulatory hub promoting antioxidant properties of the endothelium. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:653-658. [PMID: 28916634 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of conserved ligand-activated nuclear receptor transcription factors heterogeneously expressed in mammalian tissues. PPARγ is recognized as a master regulator of adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis, but genetic evidence also supports the concept that PPARγ regulates the cardiovascular system, particularly vascular function and blood pressure. There is now compelling evidence that the beneficial blood pressure-lowering effects of PPARγ activation are due to its activity in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, through its modulation of nitric oxide-dependent vasomotor function. Endothelial PPARγ regulates the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, while PPARγ in the smooth muscle regulates the vasomotor response to nitric oxide. We recently identified retinol binding protein 7 (RBP7) as a PPARγ target gene that is specifically and selectively expressed in the endothelium. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that RBP7 is required to mediate the antioxidant effects of PPARγ and mediate PPARγ target gene selectivity in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison W Woll
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frederick W Quelle
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; .,UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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Lei C, Tian J, Ji H. Stimulation of glycerol kinase in grass carp preadipocytes by EPA. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:813-822. [PMID: 28058519 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on grass carp preadipocyte glycerol kinase (GyK) expression, as well as to explore the mechanism. Here, we cloned partial sequence of grass carp GyK gene and analyzed its tissue distribution. The result showed that GyK gene expressed most in the liver, followed by adipose tissue and the kidney. Besides, 400 μM oleic acid (18:1n-9, OA) was used to establish a hypertrophic preadipocyte model. GyK gene expression and enzyme activity were significantly enhanced after model cells were treated with 100 μM eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Meanwhile, peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and the two isoforms of grass carp HSL gene were first identified by Sun et al (2016), and they defined the two isoforms as HSLa and HSLb. Therefore, maybe HSLa and HSLb are appropriate.. The content of triglyceride was dramatically increased by EPA treatment for 24 h. Further, a competitive ATGL antagonist, HY-15859, attenuated the increase in GyK induced by EPA at 12 h. Surprisingly, the enhanced lipolysis and PPARγ gene expression induced by serum deprivation were paralleled by an increase in GyK gene expression, whereas a stabilization in GyK enzyme activity. Other fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and OA also promoted GyK gene expression. Moreover, an irreversible PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, was used to investigate the role of PPARγ in GyK induction. Data showed that GW9662 abolished the induction of GyK by EPA at 12 h. Together, these data suggested that EPA elevated grass carp preadipocytes GyK expression. ATGL and PPARγ contributed to the induction of GyK. PPARγ may be a key regulator in response to GyK expression induced by EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, People's Republic of China.
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The Transcription Factor IRF6 Co-Represses PPARγ-Mediated Cytoprotection in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2150. [PMID: 28526834 PMCID: PMC5438409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the cerebrovascular endothelium is a key suppressor of post-stroke brain damage. However, the role of PPARγ’s co-regulators during cerebral ischemia remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor IRF6 is a novel PPARγ co-regulator that directly binds to and suppresses PPARγ activity in murine cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Moreover, IRF6 was also revealed to be a transcriptional target of PPARγ suppression, with PPARγ silencing significantly promoting IRF6 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. In addition, IRF6 silencing significantly promoted pioglitazone’s cytoprotective effects in ischemic murine cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically, IRF6 significantly suppressed PPARγ’s transcriptional inhibition of the ischemia-induced, pro-apoptotic microRNA miR-106a. In conclusion, we identified IRF6 as a novel PPARγ co-suppressor that serves a key role in suppressing PPARγ-mediated cerebrovascular endothelial cytoprotection following ischemia. Further investigation into IRF6 and other PPARγ co-regulators should provide additional insights into PPARγ’s cytoprotective role in the cerebrovascular endothelium following stroke.
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Yarushkin AA, Kazantseva YA, Kobelev VS, Pustylnyak YA, Pustylnyak VO. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation inhibits liver growth through miR-122-mediated downregulation of cMyc. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 797:39-44. [PMID: 28095325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although NR1C3 agonists inhibit cell growth, the molecular mechanism of their action has not been thoroughly characterized to date. A recent study demonstrated that NR1C3 can regulate miR-122 by binding to its promoter. Given that miR-122 can indirectly regulate cMyc-mediated promitogenic signaling by targeting E2f1, we hypothesized that NR1C3 activation inhibits hepatocyte proliferation through miR-122-mediated cMyc downregulation. In the present study, we examined if liver hyperplasia induced by a strong chemical mitogen for the liver, 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), which is an agonist of NR1I3, can be repressed by NR1C3 activation through miR-122 upregulation. Acute TCPOBOP treatment caused a significant increase in liver-to-body weight ratio. The liver mass increase was accompanied with miR-122 downregulation. ChIP assays demonstrated that TCPOBOP-activated NR1I3 accumulated on the DR1 site in the pri-miR-122 promoter; and the NR1I3 accumulation is accompanied by a decrease in miR-122 and an increase in E2f1 and its transcription target cMyc. Rosiglitazone (Ros) treatment, which is an agonist of NR1C3, caused an opposite effect on liver-to-body weight ratio. When Ros was given with TCPOBOP, it attenuated the inhibitory effect of TCPOBOP on miR-122. Moreover, Ros treatment inhibited the NR1I3 binding with the DR1 site in the pri-miR-122 promoter. Furthermore, the increase of miR-122 produced by Ros was correlated with the downregulation of its targets, E2f1 and cMyc. Thus, our finding demonstrated that the liver growth inhibitory effect of NR1C3 activation was at least partly related to the decrease of cMyc though the activation of miR-122 and the downregulation of E2f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Yarushkin
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakova str., 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Kazantseva
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakova str., 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S Kobelev
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakova str., 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Pustylnyak
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakova str., 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str., 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Pustylnyak
- The Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakova str., 2/12, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str., 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Amber-Vitos O, Chaturvedi N, Nachliel E, Gutman M, Tsfadia Y. The effect of regulating molecules on the structure of the PPAR-RXR complex. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1852-1863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma S, Taliyan R. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Future therapeutics for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Olivares AM, Moreno-Ramos OA, Haider NB. Role of Nuclear Receptors in Central Nervous System Development and Associated Diseases. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 9:93-121. [PMID: 27168725 PMCID: PMC4859451 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) superfamily is composed of a wide range of receptors involved in a myriad of important biological processes, including development, growth, metabolism, and maintenance. Regulation of such wide variety of functions requires a complex system of gene regulation that includes interaction with transcription factors, chromatin-modifying complex, and the proper recognition of ligands. NHRs are able to coordinate the expression of genes in numerous pathways simultaneously. This review focuses on the role of nuclear receptors in the central nervous system and, in particular, their role in regulating the proper development and function of the brain and the eye. In addition, the review highlights the impact of mutations in NHRs on a spectrum of human diseases from autism to retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Olivares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oscar Andrés Moreno-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Neena B Haider
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJ, Cheng YC, Lin KH, Yen CH, Lin CH. Rosiglitazone activation of PPARγ-dependent pathways is neuroprotective in human neural stem cells against amyloid-beta–induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 40:181-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Richards L, Li M, van Esch B, Garssen J, Folkerts G. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the cardiovascular system. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Ishibashi K, Nehashi K, Oshima T, Ohkura N, Atsumi GI. Differentiation with elaidate tends to impair insulin-dependent glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:99-110. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1144721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Nehashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oshima
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichi Atsumi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Lee JY, Ha JJ, Park YS, Yi JK, Lee S, Mun S, Han K, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Oh DY. Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Gene and Fatty Acid Composition in Korean Native Cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:184-94. [PMID: 26732443 PMCID: PMC4698698 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene plays an important role in the biosynthesis process controlled by a number of fatty acid transcription factors. This study investigates the relationships between 130 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPARγ gene and the fatty acid composition of muscle fat in the commercial population of Korean native cattle. We identified 38 SNPs and verified relationships between 3 SNPs (g.1159-71208 A>G, g.42555-29812 G>A, and g.72362 G>T) and the fatty acid composition of commercial Korean native cattle (n = 513). Cattle with the AA genotype of g.1159-71208 A>G and the GG genotype of g.42555-29812 G>A and g.72362 G>T had higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and carcass traits (p<0.05). The results revealed that the 3 identified SNPs in the PPARγ gene affected fatty acid composition and carcass traits, suggesting that these 3 SNPs may improve the flavor and quality of beef in commercial Korean native cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea-Young Lee
- Livestock Research institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Ha
- Livestock Research institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Park
- Department of Equine Industry, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hwaseong 445-760, Korea
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Livestock Research institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - Seunguk Lee
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo 113-8657, Tokyo
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea; DKU-Theragen institute for NGS analysis (DTiNa), Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea; DKU-Theragen institute for NGS analysis (DTiNa), Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - J-J Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Livestock Research institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - Dong-Yep Oh
- Livestock Research institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
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43
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Hallenborg P, Petersen RK, Kouskoumvekaki I, Newman JW, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. The elusive endogenous adipogenic PPARγ agonists: Lining up the suspects. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 61:149-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Youssef J, Badr M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Features, Functions, and Future. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.11131/2015/101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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45
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Macrophage polarization: the link between inflammation and related diseases. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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46
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Snyder CA, Goodson ML, Schroeder AC, Privalsky ML. Regulation of corepressor alternative mRNA splicing by hormonal and metabolic signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:228-35. [PMID: 26166430 PMCID: PMC4556269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alternative mRNA splicing diversifies the products encoded by the NCoR and SMRT corepressor loci. There is a programmed alteration in NCoR mRNA splicing during adipocyte differentiation from an NCoRω isoform, which contains three nuclear receptor interaction domains, to an NCoRδ isoform that contains two nuclear receptor interaction domains. This alternative mRNA splicing of NCoR has profound effects on adiposity and on diabetes in mouse models. We report here that dexamethasone, a powerful regulator of metabolism and of adipocyte differentiation, confers this change in NCoR mRNA splicing in cultured adipocytes. We also demonstrate that changes in dietary components can consistently, if moderately, modulate the total transcript levels and the mRNA splicing of NCoR and SMRT in both cultured cells and intact mice. This ability of alternative corepressor mRNA splicing to respond to nutritional changes confirms its importance in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and its promise as a therapeutic candidate for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, USA.
| | - Michael L Goodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, USA.
| | - Amy C Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, USA.
| | - Martin L Privalsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, USA.
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47
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Milton FA, Cvoro A, Amato AA, Sieglaff DH, Filgueira CS, Arumanayagam AS, de Lima MDCA, Pitta IR, de Assis Rocha Neves F, Webb P. PPARγ partial agonist GQ-16 strongly represses a subset of genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:718-23. [PMID: 26168725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists that improve insulin resistance but trigger side effects such as weight gain, edema, congestive heart failure and bone loss. GQ-16 is a PPARγ partial agonist that improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes without inducing weight gain or edema. It is not clear whether GQ-16 acts as a partial agonist at all PPARγ target genes, or whether it displays gene-selective actions. To determine how GQ-16 influences PPARγ activity on a gene by gene basis, we compared effects of rosiglitazone (Rosi) and GQ-16 in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes using microarray and qRT-PCR. Rosi changed expression of 1156 genes in 3T3-L1, but GQ-16 only changed 89 genes. GQ-16 generally showed weak effects upon Rosi induced genes, consistent with partial agonist actions, but a subset of modestly Rosi induced and strongly repressed genes displayed disproportionately strong GQ-16 responses. PPARγ partial agonists MLR24 and SR1664 also exhibit disproportionately strong effects on transcriptional repression. We conclude that GQ-16 displays a continuum of weak partial agonist effects but efficiently represses some negatively regulated PPARγ responsive genes. Strong repressive effects could contribute to physiologic actions of GQ-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Aparecida Milton
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil; Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angelica A Amato
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Douglas H Sieglaff
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carly S Filgueira
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ivan Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos - LPSF, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Webb
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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48
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Aouali N, Broukou A, Bosseler M, Keunen O, Schlesser V, Janji B, Palissot V, Stordeur P, Berchem G. Epigenetic Activity of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonists Increases the Anticancer Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Multiple Myeloma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130339. [PMID: 26091518 PMCID: PMC4474836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a major role in the development of multiple myeloma. We have previously reported that the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) enhances, in-vitro, the cytotoxic effect of the Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), valproic acid (VPA), on multiple myeloma cells. Here, we described the development of a new multiple myeloma mouse model using MOLP8 cells, in order to evaluate the effect of VPA/PIO combination on the progression of myeloma cells, by analyzing the proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells. We showed that VPA/PIO delays the progression of the disease and the invasion of myeloma cells in the bone marrow. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that VPA/PIO increases the cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and induces the acetylation of Histone 3 (H3). Furthermore, we provided evidence that PPARγ agonist is able to enhance the action of other HDACi such as Vorinostat or Mocetinostat. Using PPARγ antagonist or siPPARγ, we strongly suggest that, as described during adipogenesis, PIO behaves as an epigenetic regulator by improving the activity of HDACi. This study highlights the therapeutic benefit of PIO/VPA combination, compared to VPA treatment as a single-arm therapy on multiple myeloma and further highlights that such combination may constitute a new promising treatment strategy which should be supported by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassera Aouali
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | - Angeliki Broukou
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Manon Bosseler
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- Laboratory Neuro-Oncology, Norlux, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Vincent Schlesser
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Valerie Palissot
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Stordeur
- Biotechnology Department, Experimental Infectious Diseases Platform, CER Group, Marloie, Belgium
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
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49
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Emont MP, Mantis S, Kahn JH, Landeche M, Han X, Sargis RM, Cohen RN. Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors (SMRT) regulates glucocorticoid action in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 407:52-6. [PMID: 25766503 PMCID: PMC4390535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Local modulation of glucocorticoid action in adipocytes regulates adiposity and systemic insulin sensitivity. However, the specific cofactors that mediate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) action in adipocytes remain unclear. Here we show that the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) is recruited to GR in adipocytes and regulates ligand-dependent GR function. Decreased SMRT expression in adipocytes in vivo increases expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes. Moreover, adipocytes with decreased SMRT expression exhibit altered glucocorticoid regulation of lipolysis. We conclude that SMRT regulates the metabolic functions of GR in adipocytes in vivo. Modulation of GR-SMRT interactions in adipocytes represents a novel approach to control the local degree of glucocorticoid action and thus influence adipocyte metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stelios Mantis
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan H Kahn
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Landeche
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xuan Han
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD 8126, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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50
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Walton RG, Zhu B, Unal R, Spencer M, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Charnigo R, Katz WS, Daugherty A, Howatt DA, Kern PA, Finlin BS. Increasing adipocyte lipoprotein lipase improves glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11547-56. [PMID: 25784555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle contributes to co-morbidities associated with diabetes and obesity. We made a transgenic mouse in which the adiponectin (Adipoq) promoter drives expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipocytes to potentially increase adipose tissue lipid storage. These mice (Adipoq-LPL) have improved glucose and insulin tolerance as well as increased energy expenditure when challenged with a high fat diet (HFD). To identify the mechanism(s) involved, we determined whether the Adipoq-LPL mice diverted dietary lipid to adipose tissue to reduce peripheral lipotoxicity, but we found no evidence for this. Instead, characterization of the adipose tissue of the male mice after HFD challenge revealed that the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and a number of PPARγ-regulated genes were higher in the epididymal fat pads of Adipoq-LPL mice than control mice. This included adiponectin, whose mRNA levels were increased, leading to increased adiponectin serum levels in the Adipoq-LPL mice. In many respects, the adipose phenotype of these animals resembles thiazolidinedione treatment except for one important difference, the Adipoq-LPL mice did not gain more fat mass on HFD than control mice and did not have increased expression of genes in adipose such as glycerol kinase, which are induced by high affinity PPAR agonists. Rather, there was selective induction of PPARγ-regulated genes such as adiponectin in the adipose of the Adipoq-LPL mice, suggesting that increasing adipose tissue LPL improves glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity by improving the adipose tissue phenotype. Adipoq-LPL mice also have increased energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grace Walton
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Beibei Zhu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Resat Unal
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Michael Spencer
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | | | | | | | - Wendy S Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | - Philip A Kern
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Brian S Finlin
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center,
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