1
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Luck C, Jacobs KA, Okimoto RA. The Capicua C1 Domain is Required for Full Activity of the CIC::DUX4 Fusion Oncoprotein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597815. [PMID: 38895482 PMCID: PMC11185703 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Rearrangements between genes can yield neomorphic fusions that drive oncogenesis. Fusion oncogenes are made up of fractional segments of the partner genes that comprise them, with each partner potentially contributing some of its own function to the nascent fusion oncoprotein. Clinically, fusion oncoproteins driving one diagnostic entity are typically clustered into a single molecular subset and are often treated a similar fashion. However, knowledge of where specific fusion breakpoints occur in partner genes, and the resulting retention of functional domains in the fusion, is an important determinant of fusion oncoprotein activity and may differ between patients. This study investigates this phenomena through the example of CIC::DUX4, a fusion between the transcriptional repressor capicua (CIC) and the double homeobox 4 gene (DUX4), which drives an aggressive subset of undifferentiated round cell sarcoma. Using a harmonized dataset of over 100 patient fusion breakpoints from the literature, we show that most bona fide CIC::DUX4 fusions retain the C1 domain, which is known to contribute to DNA binding by wild type CIC. Mechanistically, deletion or mutation of the C1 domain reduces, but does not eliminate, activation of CIC target genes by CIC::DUX4. We also find that expression of C1-deleted CIC::DUX4 is capable of exerting intermediate transformation-related phenotypes compared with those imparted by full-length CIC::DUX4, but was not sufficient for tumorigenesis in a subcutaneous mouse model. In summary, our results suggest a supercharging role for the C1 domain in the activity of CIC::DUX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuyler Luck
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle A. Jacobs
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ross A. Okimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Kucinski JP, Calderon D, Kendall GC. Biological and therapeutic insights from animal modeling of fusion-driven pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050704. [PMID: 38916046 PMCID: PMC11225592 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Survival for children with cancer has primarily improved over the past decades due to refinements in surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Although these general therapies are sometimes curative, the cancer often recurs, resulting in poor outcomes for patients. Fusion-driven pediatric soft tissue sarcomas are genetically defined by chromosomal translocations that create a chimeric oncogene. This distinctive, almost 'monogenic', genetic feature supports the generation of animal models to study the respective diseases in vivo. This Review focuses on a subset of fusion-driven pediatric soft tissue sarcomas that have transgenic animal tumor models, which includes fusion-positive and infantile rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma and clear cell sarcoma. Studies using the animal models of these sarcomas have highlighted that pediatric cancers require a specific cellular state or developmental stage to drive tumorigenesis, as the fusion oncogenes cause different outcomes depending on their lineage and timing of expression. Therefore, understanding these context-specific activities could identify targetable activities and mechanisms critical for tumorigenesis. Broadly, these cancers show dependencies on chromatin regulators to support oncogenic gene expression and co-opting of developmental pathways. Comparative analyses across lineages and tumor models will further provide biological and therapeutic insights to improve outcomes for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P. Kucinski
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology PhD Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Delia Calderon
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology PhD Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Genevieve C. Kendall
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology PhD Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
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3
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Ponce RKM, Luck C, Okimoto RA. Molecular and therapeutic advancements in Capicua ( CIC)-rearranged sarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1416697. [PMID: 38882060 PMCID: PMC11176417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1416697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC)-rearranged sarcomas are an aggressive subset of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas. CIC::DUX4, the proto-typical CIC fusion oncoprotein is associated with rapid clinical progression and chemotherapy resistance leading to poor clinical outcomes. Recent studies have identified additional CIC fusions (CIC::NUTM1, CIC::FOXO4, and CIC::LEUTX) that largely retain CIC-binding specificity but leverage C-terminal binding partners (NUTM1, FOXO4, and LEUTX) to potentially activate transcriptional programs that drive oncogenesis. Moreover, the recent development of preclinical models to study CIC::DUX4 sarcoma have advanced our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and uncovered key dependencies that can be translated into rational therapies. In this review, we will highlight these recent advancements in CIC-rearranged sarcoma biology with a vision for clinical translation to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cuyler Luck
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ross A Okimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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4
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Ando W, Sogabe M, Ishikawa S, Uematsu T, Furuya H, Yokomori H, Kohgo Y, Otori K, Nakano T, Endo S, Tsubochi H, Okazaki I. Matrix metalloproteinase‑1 and microRNA‑486‑5p in urinary exosomes can be used to detect early lung cancer: A preliminary report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:127. [PMID: 38333640 PMCID: PMC10851336 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study describes a novel molecular-genetic method suitable for lung cancer (LC) screening in the work-place and at community health centers. Using urinary-isolated exosomes from 35 patients with LC and 40 healthy volunteers, the expression ratio of MMP-1/CD63, and the relative expression levels of both microRNA (miRNA)-21 and miRNA-486-5p were measured. MMP-1/CD63 expression ratio was significantly higher in patients with LC than in the healthy controls {1.342 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.890-1.974] vs. 0.600 (0.490-0.900); P<0.0001}. The relative expression of miRNA-486-5p in male healthy controls was significantly different from that in female healthy controls, whereas there was no significant difference in miRNA-21. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of MMP-1/CD63 showed 92.5% sensitivity and 54.3% specificity, whereas miRNA-486-5p showed 85% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity for men, and 70.0% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity for women. The logistic regression model used to evaluate the association of LC with the combination of MMP-1/CD63 and miRNA-486-5p revealed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.954 (95% CI: 0.908-1.000), and the model had 89% sensitivity and 88% specificity after adjusting for age, sex and smoking status. These data suggested that the combined analysis of MMP-1/CD63 and miRNA-486-5p in urinary exosomes may be used to detect patients with early-stage LC in the work-place and at community health centers, although confirmational studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaya Sogabe
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-0834, Japan
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Shigemi Ishikawa
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuya
- Basic Clinical Science and Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yokomori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama 364-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Department of Internal Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Katsuya Otori
- Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Science 1, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
- Department of Chest Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Endo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-0834, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Tsubochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Isao Okazaki
- Department of Health and Welfare, Higashi Nippon International University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8023, Japan
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5
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Brennan KJ, Weilert M, Krueger S, Pampari A, Liu HY, Yang AWH, Morrison JA, Hughes TR, Rushlow CA, Kundaje A, Zeitlinger J. Chromatin accessibility in the Drosophila embryo is determined by transcription factor pioneering and enhancer activation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1898-1916.e9. [PMID: 37557175 PMCID: PMC10592203 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility is integral to the process by which transcription factors (TFs) read out cis-regulatory DNA sequences, but it is difficult to differentiate between TFs that drive accessibility and those that do not. Deep learning models that learn complex sequence rules provide an unprecedented opportunity to dissect this problem. Using zygotic genome activation in Drosophila as a model, we analyzed high-resolution TF binding and chromatin accessibility data with interpretable deep learning and performed genetic validation experiments. We identify a hierarchical relationship between the pioneer TF Zelda and the TFs involved in axis patterning. Zelda consistently pioneers chromatin accessibility proportional to motif affinity, whereas patterning TFs augment chromatin accessibility in sequence contexts where they mediate enhancer activation. We conclude that chromatin accessibility occurs in two tiers: one through pioneering, which makes enhancers accessible but not necessarily active, and the second when the correct combination of TFs leads to enhancer activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelan J Brennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Melanie Weilert
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sabrina Krueger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Anusri Pampari
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Liu
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ally W H Yang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jason A Morrison
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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6
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Ho EK, Oatman HR, McFann SE, Yang L, Johnson HE, Shvartsman SY, Toettcher JE. Dynamics of an incoherent feedforward loop drive ERK-dependent pattern formation in the early Drosophila embryo. Development 2023; 150:dev201818. [PMID: 37602510 PMCID: PMC10482391 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Positional information in development often manifests as stripes of gene expression, but how stripes form remains incompletely understood. Here, we use optogenetics and live-cell biosensors to investigate the posterior brachyenteron (byn) stripe in early Drosophila embryos. This stripe depends on interpretation of an upstream ERK activity gradient and the expression of two target genes, tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb), that exert antagonistic control over byn. We find that high or low doses of ERK signaling produce transient or sustained byn expression, respectively. Although tll transcription is always rapidly induced, hkb converts graded ERK inputs into a variable time delay. Nuclei thus interpret ERK amplitude through the relative timing of tll and hkb transcription. Antagonistic regulatory paths acting on different timescales are hallmarks of an incoherent feedforward loop, which is sufficient to explain byn dynamics and adds temporal complexity to the steady-state model of byn stripe formation. We further show that 'blurring' of an all-or-none stimulus through intracellular diffusion non-locally produces a byn stripe. Overall, we provide a blueprint for using optogenetics to dissect developmental signal interpretation in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Ho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Harrison R. Oatman
- Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sarah E. McFann
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Heath E. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Shvartsman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute - Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jared E. Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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7
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Sgammeglia N, Widmer YF, Kaldun JC, Fritsch C, Bruggmann R, Sprecher SG. Memory phase-specific genes in the Mushroom Bodies identified using CrebB-target DamID. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010802. [PMID: 37307281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of long-term memories requires changes in the transcriptional program and de novo protein synthesis. One of the critical regulators for long-term memory (LTM) formation and maintenance is the transcription factor CREB. Genetic studies have dissected the requirement of CREB activity within memory circuits, however less is known about the genetic mechanisms acting downstream of CREB and how they may contribute defining LTM phases. To better understand the downstream mechanisms, we here used a targeted DamID approach (TaDa). We generated a CREB-Dam fusion protein using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as model. Expressing CREB-Dam in the mushroom bodies (MBs), a brain center implicated in olfactory memory formation, we identified genes that are differentially expressed between paired and unpaired appetitive training paradigm. Of those genes we selected candidates for an RNAi screen in which we identified genes causing increased or decreased LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Sgammeglia
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yves F Widmer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jenifer C Kaldun
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Fritsch
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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8
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Darabi S, Xiu J, Samec T, Kesari S, Carrillo J, Aulakh S, Walsh KM, Sengupta S, Sumrall A, Spetzler D, Glantz M, Demeure MJ. Capicua (CIC) mutations in gliomas in association with MAPK activation for exposing a potential therapeutic target. Med Oncol 2023; 40:197. [PMID: 37291277 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent neurological cancer in the USA and care modalities are not able to effectively combat these aggressive malignancies. Identifying new, more effective treatments require a deep understanding of the complex genetic variations and relevant pathway associations behind these cancers. Drawing connections between gene mutations with a responsive genetic target can help drive therapy selections to enhance patient survival. We have performed extensive molecular profiling of the Capicua gene (CIC), a tumor and transcriptional suppressor gene, and its mutation prevalence in reference to MAPK activation within clinical glioma tissue. CIC mutations occur far more frequently in oligodendroglioma (52.1%) than in low-grade astrocytoma or glioblastoma. CIC-associated mutations were observed across all glioma subtypes, and MAPK-associated mutations were most prevalent in CIC wild-type tissue regardless of the glioma subtype. MAPK activation, however, was enhanced in CIC-mutated oligodendroglioma. The totality of our observations reported supports the use of CIC as a relevant genetic marker for MAPK activation. Identification of CIC mutations, or lack thereof, can assist in selecting, implementing, and developing MEK/MAPK-inhibitory trials to improve patient outcomes potentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourat Darabi
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Santosh Kesari
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jose Carrillo
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle M Walsh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Demeure
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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9
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Ma TP, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Mroue R, Budayeva H, Malhotra S, Raisner R, Evangelista M, Rose CM, Kirkpatrick DS, Yu K. AzidoTMT Enables Direct Enrichment and Highly Multiplexed Quantitation of Proteome-Wide Functional Residues. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37285454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in targeted covalent inhibitors have aroused significant interest for their potential in drug development for difficult therapeutic targets. Proteome-wide profiling of functional residues is an integral step of covalent drug discovery aimed at defining actionable sites and evaluating compound selectivity in cells. A classical workflow for this purpose is called IsoTOP-ABPP, which employs an activity-based probe and two isotopically labeled azide-TEV-biotin tags to mark, enrich, and quantify proteome from two samples. Here we report a novel isobaric 11plex-AzidoTMT reagent and a new workflow, named AT-MAPP, that significantly expands multiplexing power as compared to the original isoTOP-ABPP. We demonstrate its application in identifying cysteine on- and off-targets using a KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor ARS-1620. However, changes in some of these hits can be explained by modulation at the protein and post-translational levels. Thus, it would be crucial to interrogate site-level bona fide changes in concurrence to proteome-level changes for corroboration. In addition, we perform a multiplexed covalent fragment screening using four acrylamide-based compounds as a proof-of-concept. This study identifies a diverse set of liganded cysteine residues in a compound-dependent manner with an average hit rate of 0.07% in intact cell. Lastly, we screened 20 sulfonyl fluoride-based compounds to demonstrate that the AT-MAPP assay is flexible for noncysteine functional residues such as tyrosine and lysine. Overall, we envision that 11plex-AzidoTMT will be a useful addition to the current toolbox for activity-based protein profiling and covalent drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylur P Ma
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Rana Mroue
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hanna Budayeva
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Ryan Raisner
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marie Evangelista
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Interline Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kebing Yu
- Fuhong Biopharma, Inc., Shanghai 201206, China
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10
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Linos K, Dermawan JK, Bale T, Rosenblum MK, Singer S, Tap W, Dickson MA, Hornick JL, Antonescu CR. Expanding the Molecular Diversity of CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas With Novel and Very Rare Partners. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100103. [PMID: 36788092 PMCID: PMC10324473 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC)-rearranged sarcoma represents a distinct pathologic entity and constitutes the second most prevalent category of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas (URCSs) after Ewing sarcoma. The 2 most common translocations are t(4;19) and t(10;19), resulting in CIC fusions with either DUX4 and DUX4L paralog, respectively; however, other rare variant fusions have also been reported. In this study, we expand the molecular spectrum of CIC-gene partners, reporting on 5 cases of URCSs showing CIC fusions with AXL, CITED1, SYK, and LEUTX by targeted RNA or DNA sequencing. There were 4 female patients and 1 male patient with a wide age range (12-70 years; median, 36 years). Four cases occurred in the deep soft tissues (lower extremity, 3; neck, 1) and 1 case in the central nervous system (midbrain/thalamus). All cases showed similar histologic findings within the spectrum of URCSs. Immunohistochemistry, showed variable positivity for ETV4 in 4 of the 4 cases and positive results for ERG in 3 of the 4 cases and for WT1 in 1 of the 4 cases. CD31 showed positivity in 2 of the 3 cases, including one coexpressing ERG. Unsupervised clustering of methylation profiles by T-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding performed in 4 cases showed that all clustered tightly together and along the CIC sarcoma methylation class. RNA-sequencing data showed consistent upregulation of ETV1 and ETV4 mRNA in all cases examined, at similar levels to CIC::DUX4 URCSs. Our study expands the molecular diversity of CIC-rearranged URCSs to include novel and rare partners, providing morphologic, immunohistochemical, gene expression, and methylation evidence supporting their classification within the family of tumors harboring the more common DUX4/DUX4L partner genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Josephine K Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tejus Bale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc K Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William Tap
- Department of Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Department of Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Ho EK, Oatman HR, McFann SE, Yang L, Johnson HE, Shvartsman SY, Toettcher JE. Dynamics of an incoherent feedforward loop drive ERK-dependent pattern formation in the early Drosophila embryo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531972. [PMID: 36945584 PMCID: PMC10028984 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Positional information in developing tissues often takes the form of stripes of gene expression that mark the boundaries of a particular cell type or morphogenetic process. How stripes form is still in many cases poorly understood. Here we use optogenetics and live-cell biosensors to investigate one such pattern: the posterior stripe of brachyenteron (byn) expression in the early Drosophila embryo. This byn stripe depends on interpretation of an upstream signal - a gradient of ERK kinase activity - and the expression of two target genes tailless (tll) and huckebein (hkb) that exert antagonistic control over byn . We find that high or low doses of ERK signaling produce either transient or sustained byn expression, respectively. These ERK stimuli also regulate tll and hkb expression with distinct dynamics: tll transcription is rapidly induced under both low and high stimuli, whereas hkb transcription converts graded ERK inputs into an output switch with a variable time delay. Antagonistic regulatory paths acting on different timescales are hallmarks of an incoherent feedforward loop architecture, which is sufficient to explain transient or sustained byn dynamics and adds temporal complexity to the steady-state model of byn stripe formation. We further show that an all-or-none stimulus can be 'blurred' through intracellular diffusion to non-locally produce a stripe of byn gene expression. Overall, our study provides a blueprint for using optogenetic inputs to dissect developmental signal interpretation in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Ho
- Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Harrison R Oatman
- Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Sarah E McFann
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Liu Yang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Heath E Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
- Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544
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12
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Lee K, O’Neill KM, Ku J, Shvartsman SY, Kim Y. Patterning potential of the terminal system in the Drosophila embryo. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Park J, Park GY, Lee J, Park J, Kim S, Kim E, Park SY, Yoon JH, Lee Y. ERK phosphorylation disrupts the intramolecular interaction of capicua to promote cytoplasmic translocation of capicua and tumor growth. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1030725. [PMID: 36619173 PMCID: PMC9814488 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling inactivates capicua (CIC), a transcriptional repressor that functions as a tumor suppressor, via degradation and/or cytoplasmic translocation. Although CIC is known to be inactivated by phosphorylation, the mechanisms underlying the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p90RSK, and c-SRC in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation-induced cytoplasmic translocation of CIC and further investigated the molecular basis for this process. We found that nuclear ERK induced the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC-S. We identified 12 serine and threonine (S/T) residues within CIC, including S173 and S301 residues that are phosphorylated by p90RSK, which contribute to the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC-S when phosphorylated. The amino-terminal (CIC-S-N) and carboxyl-terminal (CIC-S-C) regions of CIC-S were found to interact with each other to promote their nuclear localization. EGF treatment disrupted the interaction between CIC-S-N and CIC-S-C and induced their cytoplasmic translocation. Alanine substitution for the 12 S/T residues blocked the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC-S and consequently enhanced the tumor suppressor activity of CIC-S. Our study demonstrates that ERK-mediated disruption of intramolecular interaction of CIC is critical for the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC, and suggests that the nuclear retention of CIC may represent a strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Guk-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Jongeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Joonyoung Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yoontae Lee,
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14
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Noncanonical function of Capicua as a growth termination signal in Drosophila oogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123467119. [PMID: 35881788 PMCID: PMC9351367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123467119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (Cic) proteins are conserved HMG-box transcriptional repressors that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling responses and are implicated in human neurological syndromes and cancer. While Cic is known to exist as short (Cic-S) and long (Cic-L) isoforms with identical HMG-box and associated core regions but distinct N termini, most previous studies have focused on Cic-S, leaving the function of Cic-L unexplored. Here we show that Cic-L acts in two capacities during Drosophila oogenesis: 1) as a canonical sensor of RTK signaling in somatic follicle cells, and 2) as a regulator of postmitotic growth in germline nurse cells. In these latter cells, Cic-L behaves as a temporal signal that terminates endoreplicative growth before they dump their contents into the oocyte. We show that Cic-L is necessary and sufficient for nurse cell endoreplication arrest and induces both stabilization of CycE and down-regulation of Myc. Surprisingly, this function depends mainly on the Cic-L-specific N-terminal module, which is capable of acting independently of the Cic HMG-box-containing core. Mirroring these observations, basal metazoans possess truncated Cic-like proteins composed only of Cic-L N-terminal sequences, suggesting that this module plays unique, ancient roles unrelated to the canonical function of Cic.
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15
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Kim S, Park GY, Park JS, Park J, Hong H, Lee Y. Regulation of positive and negative selection and TCR signaling during thymic T cell development by capicua. eLife 2021; 10:71769. [PMID: 34895467 PMCID: PMC8700290 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Central tolerance is achieved through positive and negative selection of thymocytes mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling strength. Thus, dysregulation of the thymic selection process often leads to autoimmunity. Here, we show that Capicua (CIC), a transcriptional repressor that suppresses autoimmunity, controls the thymic selection process. Loss of CIC prior to T-cell lineage commitment impairs both positive and negative selection of thymocytes. CIC deficiency attenuated TCR signaling in CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) cells, as evidenced by a decrease in CD5 and phospho-ERK levels and calcium flux. We identified Spry4, Dusp4, Dusp6, and Spred1 as CIC target genes that could inhibit TCR signaling in DP cells. Furthermore, impaired positive selection and TCR signaling were partially rescued in Cic and Spry4 double mutant mice. Our findings indicate that CIC is a transcription factor required for thymic T cell development and suggests that CIC acts at multiple stages of T cell development and differentiation to prevent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebeen Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Patel AL, Zhang L, Keenan SE, Rushlow CA, Fradin C, Shvartsman SY. Capicua is a fast-acting transcriptional brake. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3639-3647.e5. [PMID: 34166605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Even though transcriptional repressors are studied with ever-increasing molecular resolution, the temporal aspects of gene repression remain poorly understood. Here, we address the dynamics of transcriptional repression by Capicua (Cic), which is essential for normal development and is commonly mutated in human cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.1,2 We report the speed limit for Cic-dependent gene repression based on live imaging and optogenetic perturbations in the early Drosophila embryo, where Cic was originally discovered.3 Our measurements of Cic concentration and intranuclear mobility, along with real-time monitoring of the activity of Cic target genes, reveal remarkably fast transcriptional repression within minutes of removing an optogenetic de-repressive signal. In parallel, quantitative analyses of transcriptional bursting of Cic target genes support a repression mechanism providing a fast-acting brake on burst generation. This work sets quantitative constraints on potential mechanisms for gene regulation by Cic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena L Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shannon E Keenan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | | | - Cécile Fradin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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17
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Murcia L, Clemente-Ruiz M, Pierre-Elies P, Royou A, Milán M. Selective Killing of RAS-Malignant Tissues by Exploiting Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2020; 28:119-131.e4. [PMID: 31269434 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oncogenes induce untimely entry into S phase and alter replication timing and progression, thereby generating replicative stress, a well-known source of genomic instability and a hallmark of cancer. Using an epithelial model in Drosophila, we show that the RAS oncogene, which triggers G1/S transition, induces DNA damage and, at the same time, silences the DNA damage response pathway. RAS compromises ATR-mediated phosphorylation of the histone variant H2Av and ATR-mediated cell-cycle arrest in G2 and blocks, through ERK, Dp53-dependent induction of cell death. We found that ERK is also activated in normal tissues by an exogenous source of damage and that this activation is necessary to dampen the pro-apoptotic role of Dp53. We exploit the pro-survival role of ERK activation upon endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage to present evidence that its genetic or chemical inhibition can be used as a therapeutic opportunity to selectively eliminate RAS-malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Murcia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Clemente-Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anne Royou
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Cao X, Wolf A, Kim SE, Cabrera RM, Wlodarczyk BJ, Zhu H, Parker M, Lin Y, Steele JW, Han X, Ramaekers VT, Steinfeld R, Finnell RH, Lei Y. CIC de novo loss of function variants contribute to cerebral folate deficiency by downregulating FOLR1 expression. J Med Genet 2020; 58:484-494. [PMID: 32820034 PMCID: PMC7895856 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is characterised by a low concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid, while folate levels in plasma and red blood cells are in the low normal range. Mutations in several folate pathway genes, including FOLR1 (folate receptor alpha, FRα), DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) and PCFT (proton coupled folate transporter) have been previously identified in patients with CFD. Methods In an effort to identify causal mutations for CFD, we performed whole exome sequencing analysis on eight CFD trios and identified eight de novo mutations in seven trios. Results Notably, we found a de novo stop gain mutation in the capicua (CIC) gene. Using 48 sporadic CFD samples as a validation cohort, we identified three additional rare variants in CIC that are putatively deleterious mutations. Functional analysis indicates that CIC binds to an octameric sequence in the promoter regions of folate transport genes: FOLR1, PCFT and reduced folate carrier (Slc19A1; RFC1). The CIC nonsense variant (p.R353X) downregulated FOLR1 expression in HeLa cells as well as in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) derived from the original CFD proband. Folate binding assay demonstrated that the p.R353X variant decreased cellular binding of folic acid in cells. Conclusion This study indicates that CIC loss of function variants can contribute to the genetic aetiology of CFD through regulating FOLR1 expression. Our study described the first mutations in a non-folate pathway gene that can contribute to the aetiology of CFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annika Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John W Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Th Ramaekers
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Center Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany .,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA .,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Desponds J, Vergassola M, Walczak AM. A mechanism for hunchback promoters to readout morphogenetic positional information in less than a minute. eLife 2020; 9:49758. [PMID: 32723476 PMCID: PMC7428309 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate decisions in the fly embryo are rapid: hunchback genes decide in minutes whether nuclei follow the anterior/posterior developmental blueprint by reading out positional information in the Bicoid morphogen. This developmental system is a prototype of regulatory decision processes that combine speed and accuracy. Traditional arguments based on fixed-time sampling of Bicoid concentration indicate that an accurate readout is impossible within the experimental times. This raises the general issue of how speed-accuracy tradeoffs are achieved. Here, we compare fixed-time to on-the-fly decisions, based on comparing the likelihoods of anterior/posterior locations. We found that these more efficient schemes complete reliable cell fate decisions within the short embryological timescales. We discuss the influence of promoter architectures on decision times and error rates, present concrete examples that rapidly readout the morphogen, and predictions for new experiments. Lastly, we suggest a simple mechanism for RNA production and degradation that approximates the log-likelihood function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Desponds
- Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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20
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Abstract
Terminal regions of the early Drosophila embryo are patterned by the highly conserved ERK cascade, giving rise to the nonsegmented terminal structures of the future larva. In less than an hour, this signaling event establishes several gene expression boundaries and sets in motion a sequence of elaborate morphogenetic events. Genetic studies of terminal patterning discovered signaling components and transcription factors that are involved in numerous developmental contexts and deregulated in human diseases. This review summarizes current understanding of signaling and morphogenesis during terminal patterning and discusses several open questions that can now be rigorously investigated using live imaging, omics, and optogenetic approaches. The anatomical simplicity of the terminal patterning system and its amenability to a broad range of increasingly sophisticated genetic perturbations will continue to make it a premier quantitative model for studying multiple aspects of tissue patterning by dynamically controlled cell signaling pathways.
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21
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Bunda S, Heir P, Li ASC, Mamatjan Y, Zadeh G, Aldape K. c-Src Phosphorylates and Inhibits the Function of the CIC Tumor Suppressor Protein. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:774-786. [PMID: 32029440 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that counteracts activation of genes in response to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/ERK signaling. Following activation of RTK, ERK enters the nucleus and serine-phosphorylates CIC, releasing it from its targets to permit gene expression. We recently showed that ERK triggers ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CIC in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we examined whether another important downstream effector of RTK/EGFR, the non-RTK c-Src, affects CIC repressor function in GBM. We found that c-Src binds and tyrosine-phosphorylates CIC on residue 1455 to promote nuclear export of CIC. On the other hand, CIC-mutant allele (CIC-Y1455F), that escapes c-Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation, remains localized to the nucleus and retains strong repressor function against CIC targets, the oncogenic transcription factors ETV1 and ETV5. Furthermore, we show that the orally available Src family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, which prevents EGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of CIC and attenuates elevated ETV1 and ETV5 levels, reduces viability of GBM cells and glioma stem cells (GSC), but not of their control cells with undetectable c-Src activity. In fact, GBM cells and GSC expressing the tyrosine-defective CIC mutant (Y1455F) lose sensitivity to dasatinib, further endorsing the effect of dasatinib on Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of CIC. These findings elucidate important mechanisms of CIC regulation and provide the rationale to target c-Src alongside ERK pathway inhibitors as a way to fully restore CIC tumor suppressor function in neoplasms such as GBM. IMPLICATIONS: c-Src tyrosine-phosphorylates CIC exports to cytoplasm and inactivates its repressor function in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pardeep Heir
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Si Cong Li
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasin Mamatjan
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster embryos develop initially as a syncytium of totipotent nuclei and subsequently, once cellularized, undergo morphogenetic movements associated with gastrulation to generate the three somatic germ layers of the embryo: mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. In this chapter, we focus on the first phase of gastrulation in Drosophila involving patterning of early embryos when cells differentiate their gene expression programs. This patterning process requires coordination of multiple developmental processes including genome reprogramming at the maternal-to-zygotic transition, combinatorial action of transcription factors to support distinct gene expression, and dynamic feedback between this genetic patterning by transcription factors and changes in cell morphology. We discuss the gene regulatory programs acting during patterning to specify the three germ layers, which involve the regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression coupled to physical tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelike Stathopoulos
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
| | - Susan Newcomb
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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23
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Merkle JA, Wittes J, Schüpbach T. Signaling between somatic follicle cells and the germline patterns the egg and embryo of Drosophila. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 140:55-86. [PMID: 32591083 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila, specification of the embryonic body axes requires signaling between the germline and the somatic follicle cells. These signaling events are necessary to properly localize embryonic patterning determinants in the egg or eggshell during oogenesis. There are three maternal patterning systems that specify the anterior-posterior axis, and one that establishes the dorsal-ventral axis. We will first review oogenesis, focusing on the establishment of the oocyte and nurse cells and patterning of the follicle cells into different subpopulations. We then describe how two coordinated signaling events between the oocyte and follicle cells establish polarity of the oocyte and localize the anterior determinant bicoid, the posterior determinant oskar, and Gurken/epidermal growth factor (EGF), which breaks symmetry to initiate dorsal-ventral axis establishment. Next, we review how dorsal-ventral asymmetry of the follicle cells is transmitted to the embryo. This process also involves Gurken-EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling between the oocyte and follicle cells, leading to ventrally-restricted expression of the sulfotransferase Pipe. These events promote the ventral processing of Spaetzle, a ligand for Toll, which ultimately sets up the embryonic dorsal-ventral axis. We then describe the activation of the terminal patterning system by specialized polar follicle cells. Finally, we present open questions regarding soma-germline signaling during Drosophila oogenesis required for cell identity and embryonic axis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Merkle
- Department of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Julia Wittes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Trudi Schüpbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
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24
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Simón-Carrasco L, Jiménez G, Barbacid M, Drosten M. The Capicua tumor suppressor: a gatekeeper of Ras signaling in development and cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:702-711. [PMID: 29578365 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1450029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Capicua (CIC) has emerged as an important rheostat of cell growth regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Cic was originally discovered in Drosophila, where it was shown to be inactivated by MAPK signaling downstream of the RTKs Torso and EGFR, which results in signal-dependent responses that are required for normal cell fate specification, proliferation and survival of developing and adult tissues. CIC is highly conserved in mammals, where it is also negatively regulated by MAPK signaling. Here, we review the roles of CIC during mammalian development, tissue homeostasis, tumor formation and therapy resistance. Available data indicate that CIC is involved in multiple biological processes, including lung development, liver homeostasis, autoimmunity and neurobehavioral processes. Moreover, CIC has been shown to be involved in tumor development as a tumor suppressor, both in human as well as in mouse models. Finally, several lines of evidence implicate CIC as a determinant of sensitivity to EGFR and MAPK pathway inhibitors, suggesting that CIC may play a broader role in human cancer than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
| | - Gerardo Jiménez
- b Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-CSIC , Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain.,c ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
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25
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Zhou Y, Wang M, Shuang T, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi C. MiR-1307 influences the chemotherapeutic sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells through the regulation of the CIC transcriptional repressor. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152606. [PMID: 31500928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended from our previously observation that expression of miR-1307 in chemoresistant primary ovarian cancer tissues is elevated, here we are aiming to dissect the function of miR-1307 and its predicted target gene, CIC (capicua transcriptional repressor), in ovarian cancer chemotherapy. METHODS We evaluated the expression of miR-1307 and CIC in chemoresistant and chemosensitive ovarian cancer tissues and cells by real time-PCR and western blot. We used chemoresistant/chemosensitive cells with miR-1307 suppression/overexpression to study the biological effects of miR-1307 by MTT and flow cytometer. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate direct binding between miR-1307 and the 3'-UTR of CIC. Real-time PCR and western blot analyses, MTT and flow cytometry were used to reveal the biological effects of miR-1307 and CIC, as well as their regulation. RESULTS We found that miR-1307 affects cell cycle dynamics, cell viability in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, its expression level can influence chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. We also validate that CIC is a downstream target of miR-1307 via its regulation on 3'-UTR of CIC gene and ETV4 and ETV5 are also regulated by miR-1307/CIC axis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that miR-1307 may be involved in the resistance of ovarian cancer to chemotherapy drugs via regulation of CIC, and should be further explored as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ting Shuang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yisi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Cancer Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Roicare Hospital & Clinics, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, China
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26
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Lee H, Song J. The crystal structure of Capicua HMG‐box domain complexed with the ETV5‐DNA and its implications for Capicua‐mediated cancers. FEBS J 2019; 286:4951-4963. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Ji‐Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
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27
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Johnson HE, Toettcher JE. Signaling Dynamics Control Cell Fate in the Early Drosophila Embryo. Dev Cell 2019; 48:361-370.e3. [PMID: 30753836 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase plays diverse roles in animal development. Its widespread reuse raises a conundrum: when a single kinase like Erk is activated, how does a developing cell know which fate to adopt? We combine optogenetic control with genetic perturbations to dissect Erk-dependent fates in the early Drosophila embryo. We find that Erk activity is sufficient to "posteriorize" 88% of the embryo, inducing gut endoderm-like gene expression and morphogenetic movements in all cells within this region. Gut endoderm fate adoption requires at least 1 h of signaling, whereas a 30-min Erk pulse specifies a distinct ectodermal cell type, intermediate neuroblasts. We find that the endoderm-ectoderm cell fate switch is controlled by the cumulative load of Erk activity, not the duration of a single pulse. The fly embryo thus harbors a classic example of dynamic control, where the temporal profile of Erk signaling selects between distinct physiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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28
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Capicua regulates neural stem cell proliferation and lineage specification through control of Ets factors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2000. [PMID: 31043608 PMCID: PMC6494820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Capicua (Cic) is a transcriptional repressor mutated in the brain cancer oligodendroglioma. Despite its cancer link, little is known of Cic's function in the brain. We show that nuclear Cic expression is strongest in astrocytes and neurons but weaker in stem cells and oligodendroglial lineage cells. Using a new conditional Cic knockout mouse, we demonstrate that forebrain-specific Cic deletion increases proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells. Furthermore, Cic loss biases neural stem cells toward glial lineage selection, expanding the pool of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These proliferation and lineage effects are dependent on de-repression of Ets transcription factors. In patient-derived oligodendroglioma cells, CIC re-expression or ETV5 blockade decreases lineage bias, proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. Our results identify Cic as an important regulator of cell fate in neurodevelopment and oligodendroglioma, and suggest that its loss contributes to oligodendroglioma by promoting proliferation and an OPC-like identity via Ets overactivity.
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29
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Bunda S, Heir P, Metcalf J, Li ASC, Agnihotri S, Pusch S, Yasin M, Li M, Burrell K, Mansouri S, Singh O, Wilson M, Alamsahebpour A, Nejad R, Choi B, Kim D, von Deimling A, Zadeh G, Aldape K. CIC protein instability contributes to tumorigenesis in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 30737375 PMCID: PMC6368580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that counteracts activation of genes downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/ERK signaling. It is well-established that tumorigenesis, especially in glioblastoma (GBM), is attributed to hyperactive RTK/Ras/ERK signaling. While CIC is mutated in other tumors, here we show that CIC has a tumor suppressive function in GBM through an alternative mechanism. We find that CIC protein levels are negligible in GBM due to continuous proteasome-mediated degradation, which is mediated by the E3 ligase PJA1 and show that this occurs through binding of CIC to its DNA target and phosphorylation on residue S173. PJA1 knockdown increased CIC stability and extended survival using in-vivo models of GBM. Deletion of the ERK binding site resulted in stabilization of CIC and increased therapeutic efficacy of ERK inhibition in GBM models. Our results provide a rationale to target CIC degradation in Ras/ERK-driven tumors, including GBM, to increase efficacy of ERK inhibitors. Capicua (CIC) is a tumour suppressor in oligodendroglioma. Here, the authors show that ERK activation mediates CIC regulation via ubiquitination and degradation by PJA1 and a degradation resistant form of CIC enhances efficacy of ERK inhibition in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Pardeep Heir
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Julie Metcalf
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Annie Si Cong Li
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Presbyterian, Suite B-400, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.,German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Mamatjan Yasin
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mira Li
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Kelly Burrell
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Olivia Singh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mark Wilson
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Amir Alamsahebpour
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Romina Nejad
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Bethany Choi
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - David Kim
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.,German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada. .,Insititute of Medical Science, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada. .,Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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30
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Surkova S, Golubkova E, Mamon L, Samsonova M. Dynamic maternal gradients and morphogenetic networks in Drosophila early embryo. Biosystems 2018; 173:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Precision in a rush: Trade-offs between reproducibility and steepness of the hunchback expression pattern. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006513. [PMID: 30307984 PMCID: PMC6198997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fly development amazes us by the precision and reproducibility of gene expression, especially since the initial expression patterns are established during very short nuclear cycles. Recent live imaging of hunchback promoter dynamics shows a stable steep binary expression pattern established within the three minute interphase of nuclear cycle 11. Considering expression models of different complexity, we explore the trade-off between the ability of a regulatory system to produce a steep boundary and minimize expression variability between different nuclei. We show how a limited readout time imposed by short developmental cycles affects the gene’s ability to read positional information along the embryo’s anterior posterior axis and express reliably. Comparing our theoretical results to real-time monitoring of the hunchback transcription dynamics in live flies, we discuss possible regulatory strategies, suggesting an important role for additional binding sites, gradients or non-equilibrium binding and modified transcription factor search strategies. Despite very limited time, organisms develop in reproducible ways. In the early stages of fly development the information about maternal signals is read out in a few minutes to produce steep and precise gene expression patterns. Motivated by recent live imaging experiments in fly embryos, we explore the consequences of the trade-off between a rushed but reproducible readout and a steep expression pattern on the regulatory modules of gene expression. We show that the current view of one anterior gradient morphogen binding to six binding sites is quantitatively inconsistent with the experimental data given the short readout time, suggesting other regulatory features.
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32
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Transcriptomic analysis of CIC and ATXN1L reveal a functional relationship exploited by cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:273-290. [PMID: 30093628 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in Capicua (CIC) have recently been implicated as a negative prognostic factor in a multitude of cancer types through activation of the MAPK signalling cascade and derepression of oncogenic ETS transcription factors. The Ataxin-family protein ATXN1L has previously been reported to interact with CIC in developmental and disease contexts to facilitate the repression of CIC target genes. To further investigate this relationship, we performed functional in vitro studies utilizing ATXN1LKO and CICKO human cell lines and characterized a reciprocal functional relationship between CIC and ATXN1L. Transcriptomic interrogation of the CIC-ATXN1-ATXN1L axis in low-grade glioma, prostate adenocarcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma TCGA cohorts revealed context-dependent convergence of gene sets and pathways related to mitotic cell cycle and division. This study highlights the CIC-ATXN1-ATXN1L axis as a more potent regulator of the cell cycle than previously appreciated.
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33
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Weissmann S, Cloos PA, Sidoli S, Jensen ON, Pollard S, Helin K. The Tumor Suppressor CIC Directly Regulates MAPK Pathway Genes via Histone Deacetylation. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4114-4125. [PMID: 29844126 PMCID: PMC6076439 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors accounting for approximately 10% of all central nervous system cancers. CIC is a transcription factor that is mutated in most patients with oligodendrogliomas; these mutations are believed to be a key oncogenic event in such cancers. Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of CIC, Capicua, indicates that CIC loss phenocopies activation of the EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway, and studies in mammalian cells have demonstrated a role for CIC in repressing the transcription of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors. Here, we address the mechanism by which CIC represses transcription and assess the functional consequences of CIC inactivation. Genome-wide binding patterns of CIC in several cell types revealed that CIC target genes were enriched for MAPK effector genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation. CIC binding to target genes was abolished by high MAPK activity, which led to their transcriptional activation. CIC interacted with the SIN3 deacetylation complex and, based on our results, we suggest that CIC functions as a transcriptional repressor through the recruitment of histone deacetylases. Independent single amino acid substitutions found in oligodendrogliomas prevented CIC from binding its target genes. Taken together, our results show that CIC is a transcriptional repressor of genes regulated by MAPK signaling, and that ablation of CIC function leads to increased histone acetylation levels and transcription at these genes, ultimately fueling mitogen-independent tumor growth.Significance: Inactivation of CIC inhibits its direct repression of MAPK pathway genes, leading to their increased expression and mitogen-independent growth.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4114/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4114-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weissmann
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul A Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steven Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Tan Q, Zoghbi HY. Mouse models as a tool for discovering new neurological diseases. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 165:106902. [PMID: 30030131 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been the mainstay of biological and medical research. Although there are drawbacks to any research tool, we argue that mice have been under-utilized as a tool for predicting human diseases. Here we review four examples from our research group where studying the consequences of altered gene dosage in a mouse led to the discovery of previously unrecognized human syndromes: MECP2 duplication syndrome, SHANK3 duplication syndrome, CIC haploinsufficiency syndrome, and PUM1-related disorders. We also describe the clinical phenotypes of two individuals with CIC haploinsufficiency syndrome who have not been reported previously. To help bring biological insights gained from model systems a step closer to disease gene discovery, we discuss tools and resources that will facilitate this process. Moving back and forth between the lab and the clinic, between studies of mouse models and human patients, will continue to drive disease gene discovery and lead to better understanding of gene functions and disease mechanisms, laying the groundwork for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Tan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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35
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Goyal Y, Schüpbach T, Shvartsman SY. A quantitative model of developmental RTK signaling. Dev Biol 2018; 442:80-86. [PMID: 30026122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a wide range of developmental processes, from the first stages of embryogenesis to postnatal growth and neurocognitive development in the adult. A significant share of our knowledge about RTKs comes from genetic screens in model organisms, which provided numerous examples demonstrating how specific cell fates and morphologies are abolished when RTK activation is either abrogated or significantly reduced. Aberrant activation of such pathways has also been recognized in many forms of cancer. More recently, studies of human developmental syndromes established that excessive activation of RTKs and their downstream signaling effectors, most notably the Ras signaling pathway, can also lead to structural and functional defects. Given that both insufficient and excessive pathway activation can lead to abnormalities, mechanistic analysis of developmental RTK signaling must address quantitative questions about its regulation and function. Patterning events controlled by the RTK Torso in the early Drosophila embryo are well-suited for this purpose. This mini review summarizes current state of knowledge about Torso-dependent Ras activation and discusses its potential to serve as a quantitative model for studying the general principles of Ras signaling in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Goyal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Trudi Schüpbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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36
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The microRNA signatures: aberrantly expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:126-144. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Kim E, Kim D, Lee JS, Yoe J, Park J, Kim CJ, Jeong D, Kim S, Lee Y. Capicua suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by controlling the ETV4-MMP1 axis. Hepatology 2018; 67:2287-2301. [PMID: 29251790 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is developed by multiple steps accompanying progressive alterations of gene expression, which leads to increased cell proliferation and malignancy. Although environmental factors and intracellular signaling pathways that are critical for HCC progression have been identified, gene expression changes and the related genetic factors contributing to HCC pathogenesis are still insufficiently understood. In this study, we identify a transcriptional repressor, Capicua (CIC), as a suppressor of HCC progression and a potential therapeutic target. Expression of CIC is posttranscriptionally reduced in HCC cells. CIC levels are correlated with survival rates in patients with HCC. CIC overexpression suppresses HCC cell proliferation and invasion, whereas loss of CIC exerts opposite effects in vivo as well as in vitro. Levels of polyoma enhancer activator 3 (PEA3) group genes, the best-known CIC target genes, are correlated with lethality in patients with HCC. Among the PEA3 group genes, ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4) is the most significantly up-regulated in CIC-deficient HCC cells, consequently promoting HCC progression. Furthermore, it induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), the MMP gene highly relevant to HCC progression, in HCC cells; and knockdown of MMP1 completely blocks the CIC deficiency-induced HCC cell proliferation and invasion. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the CIC-ETV4-MMP1 axis is a regulatory module controlling HCC progression. (Hepatology 2018;67:2287-2301).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Yoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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38
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Bothma JP, Norstad MR, Alamos S, Garcia HG. LlamaTags: A Versatile Tool to Image Transcription Factor Dynamics in Live Embryos. Cell 2018; 173:1810-1822.e16. [PMID: 29754814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic cell fates are defined by transcription factors that are rapidly deployed, yet attempts to visualize these factors in vivo often fail because of slow fluorescent protein maturation. Here, we pioneer a protein tag, LlamaTag, which circumvents this maturation limit by binding mature fluorescent proteins, making it possible to visualize transcription factor concentration dynamics in live embryos. Implementing this approach in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we discovered stochastic bursts in the concentration of transcription factors that are correlated with bursts in transcription. We further used LlamaTags to show that the concentration of protein in a given nucleus heavily depends on transcription of that gene in neighboring nuclei; we speculate that this inter-nuclear signaling is an important mechanism for coordinating gene expression to delineate straight and sharp boundaries of gene expression. Thus, LlamaTags now make it possible to visualize the flow of information along the central dogma in live embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques P Bothma
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew R Norstad
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon Alamos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hernan G Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Biophysics Graduate Group, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences-QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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39
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Specht K, Hartmann W. [Ewing sarcomas and Ewing-like sarcomas : New aspects]. DER PATHOLOGE 2018; 39:154-163. [PMID: 29480450 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-018-0421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas of the Ewing family of tumors are aggressive neoplasms occurring in bone and soft tissue of mostly children and young adults. Classical Ewing sarcomas are pathognomonically characterized by fusions between a gene of the RNA-binding TET family (EWSR1 or FUS) with a gene of the ETS-transcription family (FLI1, ERG, ETV1, ETV4 or FEV). Less frequent cases designated as Ewing-like sarcomas show different genetic rearrangements between EWSR1 and non-ETS genes (NFATC2, POU5F1, SMARCA5, PATZ, ZSG, SP3). Moreover, new molecular alterations biologically unrelated to Ewing sarcomas have recently been described in the category of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas including CIC-DUX4 fusions or BCOR alterations, each carrying unique gene expression signatures. In contrast to classical Ewing sarcomas, the morphologic spectrum of these tumor entities is much broader and includes round cell areas as well as spindled and myxoid components. The immunohistochemical profile with inconsistent CD99 positivity makes diagnosis more difficult and requires the use of a broad spectrum of antibodies and elaborate molecular work-up. Further studies for future therapeutic decision making in these newly described round cell sarcomas as well as for molecular subclassification of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Specht
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
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40
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Tan Q, Brunetti L, Rousseaux MWC, Lu HC, Wan YW, Revelli JP, Liu Z, Goodell MA, Zoghbi HY. Loss of Capicua alters early T cell development and predisposes mice to T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1511-E1519. [PMID: 29382756 PMCID: PMC5816173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716452115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) regulates a transcriptional network downstream of the RAS/MAPK signaling cascade. In Drosophila, CIC is important for many developmental processes, including embryonic patterning and specification of wing veins. In humans, CIC has been implicated in neurological diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and a neurodevelopmental syndrome. Additionally, we and others have reported mutations in CIC in several cancers. However, whether CIC is a tumor suppressor remains to be formally tested. In this study, we found that deletion of Cic in adult mice causes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL). Using hematopoietic-specific deletion and bone marrow transplantation studies, we show that loss of Cic from hematopoietic cells is sufficient to drive T-ALL. Cic-null tumors show up-regulation of the KRAS pathway as well as activation of the NOTCH1 and MYC transcriptional programs. In sum, we demonstrate that loss of CIC causes T-ALL, establishing it as a tumor suppressor for lymphoid malignancies. Moreover, we show that mouse models lacking CIC in the hematopoietic system are robust models for studying the role of RAS signaling as well as NOTCH1 and MYC transcriptional programs in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Tan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030;
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hsiang-Chih Lu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelli
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030;
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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41
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Capicua controls Toll/IL-1 signaling targets independently of RTK regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1807-1812. [PMID: 29432195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713930115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HMG-box protein Capicua (Cic) is a conserved transcriptional repressor that functions downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways in a relatively simple switch: In the absence of signaling, Cic represses RTK-responsive genes by binding to nearly invariant sites in DNA, whereas activation of RTK signaling down-regulates Cic activity, leading to derepression of its targets. This mechanism controls gene expression in both Drosophila and mammals, but whether Cic can also function via other regulatory mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we characterize an RTK-independent role of Cic in regulating spatially restricted expression of Toll/IL-1 signaling targets in Drosophila embryogenesis. We show that Cic represses those targets by binding to suboptimal DNA sites of lower affinity than its known consensus sites. This binding depends on Dorsal/NF-κB, which translocates into the nucleus upon Toll activation and binds next to the Cic sites. As a result, Cic binds to and represses Toll targets only in regions with nuclear Dorsal. These results reveal a mode of Cic regulation unrelated to the well-established RTK/Cic depression axis and implicate cooperative binding in conjunction with low-affinity binding sites as an important mechanism of enhancer regulation. Given that Cic plays a role in many developmental and pathological processes in mammals, our results raise the possibility that some of these Cic functions are independent of RTK regulation and may depend on cofactor-assisted DNA binding.
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42
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Owosho AA, Estilo CL, Huryn JM, Zhang L, Fletcher CDM, Antonescu CR. Head and Neck Round Cell Sarcomas: A Comparative Clinicopathologic Analysis of 2 Molecular Subsets: Ewing and CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 11:450-459. [PMID: 28337592 PMCID: PMC5796609 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CIC-rearranged sarcoma (CRS) is a relatively new entity defined by its pathognomonic genetic signature and undifferentiated round cell phenotype, initially grouped together with the 'Ewing sarcoma-like tumors'. However, increasing data suggest that these tumors should be regarded as a stand-alone pathologic entity. We conducted a clinicopathologic analysis on molecularly conformed Ewing sarcoma (ES) and CRS arising in the head and neck (HN) and compared to a well characterized cohort of ES and CRS from other locations. A total of 41 HN round cell sarcoma patients were selected from our institutional and consultation files, including 25 ES (median 20 years) and 16 CRS (median 29 years). Clinical follow-up information was available for all ES patients, ranging from 4 to 436 months (median 70 months), while for CRS, follow-up information was available in 11 patients (69%), ranging from 1 to 269 months (median 27 months). The most common location for ES was the facial and jaw bones (56%), while CRS occurred exclusively in the soft tissue, commonly in the neck. CRS showed variable CD99 staining in 75% of cases and diffuse WT1 (6/6) reactivity, while all ES expressed diffuse membranous staining for CD99 but none for WT1 (0/6). The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate for HN-CRS patients was 78%, while for HN-ES it was 100%. The OS of ES and CRS showed a trend toward a favorable outcome for HN-round cell sarcomas compared to other sites. Our findings suggest that HN-CRS have different clinical presentation and pathologic features compared to ES and should be classified as a stand-alone pathologic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adepitan A Owosho
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cherry L Estilo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Huryn
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher D M Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Johnson TK, Henstridge MA, Warr CG. MACPF/CDC proteins in development: Insights from Drosophila torso-like. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Wang B, Krall EB, Aguirre AJ, Kim M, Widlund HR, Doshi MB, Sicinska E, Sulahian R, Goodale A, Cowley GS, Piccioni F, Doench JG, Root DE, Hahn WC. ATXN1L, CIC, and ETS Transcription Factors Modulate Sensitivity to MAPK Pathway Inhibition. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1543-1557. [PMID: 28178529 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance and RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway reactivation has limited the effectiveness of MEK and RAF inhibitors (MAPKi) in RAS- and RAF-mutant cancers. To identify genes that modulate sensitivity to MAPKi, we performed genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens in two KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer cell lines treated with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib. Loss of CIC, a transcriptional repressor of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5, promoted survival in the setting of MAPKi in cancer cells derived from several lineages. ATXN1L deletion, which reduces CIC protein, or ectopic expression of ETV1, ETV4, or ETV5 also modulated sensitivity to trametinib. ATXN1L expression inversely correlates with response to MAPKi inhibition in clinical studies. These observations identify the ATXN1L-CIC-ETS transcription factor axis as a mediator of resistance to MAPKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elsa Beyer Krall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew James Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miju Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hans Ragnar Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mihir Bhavik Doshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rita Sulahian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - William Chun Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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45
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Tanaka M, Yoshimoto T, Nakamura T. A double-edged sword: The world according to Capicua in cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2319-2325. [PMID: 28985030 PMCID: PMC5715262 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CIC/Capicua is an HMG‐box transcription factor that is well conserved during evolution. CIC recognizes the T(G/C)AATG(A/G)A sequence and represses its target genes, such as PEA3 family genes. The receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/MAPK signals downregulate CIC and relieves CIC's target genes from the transrepressional activity; CIC thus acts as an important downstream molecule of the pathway and as a tumor suppressor. CIC loss‐of‐function mutations are frequently observed in several human neoplasms such as oligodendroglioma, and lung and gastric carcinoma. CIC is also involved in chromosomal translocation‐associated gene fusions in highly aggressive small round cell sarcoma that is biologically and clinically distinct from Ewing sarcoma. In these mutations, PEA3 family genes and other important target genes are upregulated, inducing malignant phenotypes. Downregulation of CIC abrogates the effect of MAPK inhibitors, suggesting its potential role as an important modifier of molecular target therapies for cancer. These data reveal the importance of CIC as a key molecule in signal transduction, carcinogenesis, and developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoki Yoshimoto
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Yang R, Chen LH, Hansen LJ, Carpenter AB, Moure CJ, Liu H, Pirozzi CJ, Diplas BH, Waitkus MS, Greer PK, Zhu H, McLendon RE, Bigner DD, He Y, Yan H. Cic Loss Promotes Gliomagenesis via Aberrant Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6097-6108. [PMID: 28939681 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the transcriptional repression factor Capicua (CIC) occur in approximately 50% of human oligodendrogliomas, but mechanistic links to pathogenesis are unclear. To address this question, we generated Cic-deficient mice and human oligodendroglioma cell models. Genetic deficiency in mice resulted in a partially penetrant embryonic or perinatal lethal phenotype, with the production of an aberrant proliferative neural population in surviving animals. In vitro cultured neural stem cells derived from Cic conditional knockout mice bypassed an EGF requirement for proliferation and displayed a defect in their potential for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Cic is known to participate in gene suppression that can be relieved by EGFR signal, but we found that cic also activated expression of a broad range of EGFR-independent genes. In an orthotopic mouse model of glioma, we found that Cic loss potentiated the formation and reduced the latency in tumor development. Collectively, our results define an important role for Cic in regulating neural cell proliferation and lineage specification, and suggest mechanistic explanations for how CIC mutations may impact the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of oligodendroglioma. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6097-108. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lee H Chen
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Landon J Hansen
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Austin B Carpenter
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Casey J Moure
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Pirozzi
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bill H Diplas
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew S Waitkus
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paula K Greer
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Huishan Zhu
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darell D Bigner
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yiping He
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology and the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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47
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Sarcomas With CIC-rearrangements Are a Distinct Pathologic Entity With Aggressive Outcome: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Study of 115 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:941-949. [PMID: 28346326 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CIC-DUX4 gene fusion, resulting from either a t(4;19) or t(10;19) translocation, is the most common genetic abnormality detected in EWSR1-negative small blue round cell tumors. Following their discovery it was debated if these tumors should be classified as variants of Ewing sarcoma (ie, atypical Ewing sarcoma) or as a stand-alone pathologic entity. As such the WHO classification temporarily grouped the CIC-rearranged tumors under undifferentiated sarcomas with round cell phenotype, until further clinical evidence was available. However, most studies reported so far include small series with limited follow-up information, which preclude a more definitive assessment. The present work investigates the clinicopathologic features of a large cohort of sarcomas with CIC gene rearrangement, to define their clinical presentation, morphologic spectrum, and outcome. Our study further examines the overall survival of the CIC-positive cohort compared with a control group of EWSR1-rearranged Ewing sarcoma matched for age and stage. The study cohort included 115 patients, with a mean age of 32 years and a slight male predominance. Most tumors occurred in the soft tissue (86%), predominantly deep-seated and equally divided among trunk and extremity, followed by visceral locations (12%) and rarely in the bone (3%). Microscopically, most tumors showed round to ovoid cytomorphology but half of the cases showed also focal areas of spindling and epithelioid/rhabdoid phenotype, with frequent myxoid stromal changes. Variable CD99 reactivity was seen in 84% cases, with a diffuse pattern only in 23% of cases, whereas nuclear WT1 was seen in 92%. A CIC-DUX4 fusion was detected in 57% of cases, with either DUX4 on 4q35 (35%) or on 10q26 in 25 (22%) cases. No FOXO4 gene rearrangements were present in 39 cases tested. Clinical follow-up was available in 57 patients, with a 5-year survival of 43%, which was significantly lower than the 77% 5-year survival in the control Ewing sarcoma group (P=0.002). Our findings show that CIC-DUX4 sarcomas occur most commonly in young adults within the somatic soft tissues, having a wide spectrum of morphology including round, epithelioid and spindle cells, and associated with an aggressive clinical course, with an inferior overall survival compared with Ewing sarcoma. The results support the classification of CIC-rearranged tumors as an independent molecular and clinical subset of small blue round cell tumors distinct from Ewing sarcoma.
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48
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Simón-Carrasco L, Graña O, Salmón M, Jacob HKC, Gutierrez A, Jiménez G, Drosten M, Barbacid M. Inactivation of Capicua in adult mice causes T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1456-1468. [PMID: 28827401 PMCID: PMC5588927 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300244.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CIC (also known as Capicua) is a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Here, Simón-Carrasco et al. show that Cic inactivation in mice induces T-ALL by a mechanism involving derepression of its well-known target, Etv4. Cic inactivation renders T-ALL insensitive to MEK inhibitors in both mouse and human cell lines. CIC (also known as Capicua) is a transcriptional repressor negatively regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Whereas the functions of Cic have been well characterized in Drosophila, little is known about its role in mammals. CIC is inactivated in a variety of human tumors and has been implicated recently in the promotion of lung metastases. Here, we describe a mouse model in which we inactivated Cic by selectively disabling its DNA-binding activity, a mutation that causes derepression of its target genes. Germline Cic inactivation causes perinatal lethality due to lung differentiation defects. However, its systemic inactivation in adult mice induces T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL), a tumor type known to carry CIC mutations, albeit with low incidence. Cic inactivation in mice induces T-ALL by a mechanism involving derepression of its well-known target, Etv4. Importantly, human T-ALL also relies on ETV4 expression for maintaining its oncogenic phenotype. Moreover, Cic inactivation renders T-ALL insensitive to MEK inhibitors in both mouse and human cell lines. Finally, we show that Ras-induced mouse T-ALL as well as human T-ALL carrying mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway display a genetic signature indicative of Cic inactivation. These observations illustrate that CIC inactivation plays a key role in this human malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Salmón
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Harrys K C Jacob
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Gerardo Jiménez
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parc Cientifíc de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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49
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Jang Y, Kim MA, Kim Y. Two faces of competition: target-mediated reverse signalling in microRNA and mitogen-activated protein kinase regulatory networks. IET Syst Biol 2017; 11:105-113. [PMID: 28721939 PMCID: PMC8687413 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular regulatory networks are organised around hubs, which can interact with a large number of targets. These targets compete with each other for access to their common hubs, but whether the effect of this competition would be significant in magnitude and in function is not clear. In this review, the authors discuss recent in vivo studies that analysed the system level retroactive effects induced by target competition in microRNA and mitogen-activated protein kinase regulatory networks. The results of these studies suggest that downstream targets can regulate the overall state of their upstream regulators, and thus cannot be ignored in analysing biomolecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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50
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Generation of novel patient-derived CIC- DUX4 sarcoma xenografts and cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4712. [PMID: 28680140 PMCID: PMC5498486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CIC-DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) is a group of rare, mesenchymal, small round cell tumours that harbour the unique CIC-DUX4 translocation, which causes aberrant gene expression. CDS exhibits an aggressive course and poor clinical outcome, thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed for CDS treatment. Although patient-derived cancer models are an essential modality to develop novel therapies, none currently exist for CDS. Thus, the present study successfully established CDS patient-derived xenografts and subsequently generated two CDS cell lines from the grafted tumours. Notably, xenografts were histologically similar to the original patient tumour, and the expression of typical biomarkers was confirmed in the xenografts and cell lines. Moreover, the xenograft tumours and cell lines displayed high Src kinase activities, as assessed by peptide-based tyrosine kinase array. Upon screening 119 FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs, we found that only actinomycine D and doxorubicin were effectively suppress the proliferation among the drugs for standard therapy for Ewing sarcoma. However, we identified molecular targeting reagents, such as bortezomib and crizotinib that markedly suppressed the growth of CDS cells. Our models will be useful modalities to develop novel therapeutic strategies against CDS.
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