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Liu J, Cao L, Wang Y, Zou Y, Guo Q, Chen S, Jiang B, Wu X, Zheng L, Zhang S, Lu S, Zhou K, Jiang P, Xiao Y, Yang R, Dong S, Li Z, Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun G, Xing C, Song X, Wang Z, Cao L. The phosphorylation-deubiquitination positive feedback loop of the CHK2-USP7 axis stabilizes p53 under oxidative stress. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114366. [PMID: 38879877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
p53 regulates multiple signaling pathways and maintains cell homeostasis under conditions of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Although USP7 has been shown to promote p53 stability via deubiquitination, the USP7-p53 activation mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we propose that DNA damage induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activates ATM-CHK2, and CHK2 then phosphorylates USP7 at S168 and T231. USP7 phosphorylation is essential for its deubiquitination activity toward p53. USP7 also deubiquitinates CHK2 at K119 and K131, increasing CHK2 stability and creating a positive feedback loop between CHK2 and USP7. Compared to peri-tumor tissues, thyroid cancer and colon cancer tissues show higher CHK2 and phosphorylated USP7 (S168, T231) levels, and these levels are positively correlated. Collectively, our results uncover a phosphorylation-deubiquitination positive feedback loop involving the CHK2-USP7 axis that supports the stabilization of p53 and the maintenance of cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Liangzi Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Yu Zou
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Shu Chen
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Songming Lu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Keshen Zhou
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Yutong Xiao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Shiyuan Dong
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Di Chen
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of the Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors of the Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging-Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China.
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2
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Akhoundova D, Francica P, Rottenberg S, Rubin MA. DNA Damage Response and Mismatch Repair Gene Defects in Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:61-69. [PMID: 38008971 PMCID: PMC10846598 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) and related genes are present in up to 25% of advanced prostate cancers (PCa). Most frequently altered genes are involved in the homologous recombination repair, the Fanconi anemia, and the mismatch repair pathways, and their deficiencies lead to a highly heterogeneous spectrum of DDR-deficient phenotypes. More than half of these alterations concern non- BRCA DDR genes. From a therapeutic perspective, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors have demonstrated robust clinical efficacy in tumors with BRCA2 and BRCA1 alterations. Mismatch repair-deficient PCa, and a subset of CDK12-deficient PCa, are vulnerable to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Emerging data point to the efficacy of ATR inhibitors in PCa with ATM deficiencies. Still, therapeutic implications are insufficiently clarified for most of the non- BRCA DDR alterations, and no successful targeted treatment options have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Akhoundova
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Francica
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Mills M, Emori C, Kumar P, Boucher Z, George J, Bolcun-Filas E. Single-cell and bulk transcriptional profiling of mouse ovaries reveals novel genes and pathways associated with DNA damage response in oocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578648. [PMID: 38352597 PMCID: PMC10862846 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Immature oocytes enclosed in primordial follicles stored in female ovaries are under constant threat of DNA damage induced by endogenous and exogenous factors. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is a key mediator of the DNA damage response in all cells. Genetic studies have shown that CHEK2 and its downstream targets, p53 and TAp63, regulate primordial follicle elimination in response to DNA damage, however the mechanism leading to their demise is still poorly characterized. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing were used to determine the DNA damage response in wildtype and Chek2-deficient ovaries. A low but oocyte-lethal dose of ionizing radiation induces a DNA damage response in ovarian cells that is solely dependent on CHEK2. DNA damage activates multiple ovarian response pathways related to apoptosis, p53, interferon signaling, inflammation, cell adhesion, and intercellular communication. These pathways are differentially employed by different ovarian cell types, with oocytes disproportionately affected by radiation. Novel genes and pathways are induced by radiation specifically in oocytes, shedding light on their sensitivity to DNA damage, and implicating a coordinated response between oocytes and pre-granulosa cells within the follicle. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the specific mechanisms regulating oocyte survival in the context of aging, as well as therapeutic and environmental genotoxic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mills
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Chihiro Emori
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Parveen Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Zachary Boucher
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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4
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Sun F, Sutovsky P, Patterson AL, Balboula AZ. Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2024; 238:47-68. [PMID: 39030354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55163-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
DNA damage poses a significant challenge to all eukaryotic cells, leading to mutagenesis, genome instability and senescence. In somatic cells, the failure to repair damaged DNA can lead to cancer development, whereas, in oocytes, it can lead to ovarian dysfunction and infertility. The response of the cell to DNA damage entails a series of sequential and orchestrated events including sensing the DNA damage, activating DNA damage checkpoint, chromatin-related conformational changes, activating the DNA damage repair machinery and/or initiating the apoptotic cascade. This chapter focuses on how somatic cells and mammalian oocytes respond to DNA damage. Specifically, we will discuss how and why fully grown mammalian oocytes differ drastically from somatic cells and growing oocytes in their response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Amanda L Patterson
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Balboula
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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5
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Singh AK, Yadav D, Malviya R. Splicing DNA Damage Adaptations for the Management of Cancer Cells. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:135-146. [PMID: 38282448 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232258528231018113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining a tumour cell's resistance to apoptosis (organized cell death) is essential for cancer to metastasize. Signal molecules play a critical function in the tightly regulated apoptotic process. Apoptosis may be triggered by a wide variety of cellular stresses, including DNA damage, but its ultimate goal is always the same: the removal of damaged cells that might otherwise develop into tumours. Many chemotherapy drugs rely on cancer cells being able to undergo apoptosis as a means of killing them. The mechanisms by which DNA-damaging agents trigger apoptosis, the interplay between pro- and apoptosis-inducing signals, and the potential for alteration of these pathways in cancer are the primary topics of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Revia S, Budzinska MA, Bogatyrova O, Neumann F, Zimmermann A, Amendt C, Albers J. DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peposertib Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of Topoisomerase II Inhibitors in Synovial Sarcoma Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:189. [PMID: 38201616 PMCID: PMC10778103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcoma. The clinical challenge posed by advanced or metastatic synovial sarcoma, marked by limited treatment options and suboptimal outcomes, necessitates innovative approaches. The topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitor doxorubicin has remained the cornerstone systemic treatment for decades, and there is pressing need for improved therapeutic strategies for these patients. This study highlights the potential to enhance the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin within well-characterized synovial sarcoma cell lines using the potent and selective DNA-PK inhibitor, peposertib. In vitro investigations unveil a p53-mediated synergistic anti-tumor effect when combining doxorubicin with peposertib. The in vitro findings were substantiated by pronounced anti-tumor effects in mice bearing subcutaneously implanted tumors. A well-tolerated regimen for the combined application was established using both pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and unmodified doxorubicin. Notably, the combination of PLD and peposertib displayed enhanced anti-tumor efficacy compared to unmodified doxorubicin at equivalent doses, suggesting an improved therapeutic window-a critical consideration for clinical translation. Efficacy studies in two patient-derived xenograft models of synovial sarcoma, accurately reflecting human metastatic disease, further validate the potential of this combined therapy. These findings align with previous evidence showcasing the synergy between DNA-PK inhibition and Topo II inhibitors in diverse tumor models, including breast and ovarian cancers. Our study extends the potential utility of combined therapy to synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffie Revia
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.R.)
| | | | - Olga Bogatyrova
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.R.)
| | - Felix Neumann
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.R.)
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.R.)
| | - Christiane Amendt
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.R.)
| | - Joachim Albers
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.R.)
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7
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Wu YQ, Zhang CS, Xiong J, Cai DQ, Wang CZ, Wang Y, Liu YH, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Wu J, Lan B, Wang X, Chen S, Cao X, Wei X, Hu HH, Guo H, Yu Y, Ghafoor A, Xie C, Wu Y, Xu Z, Zhang C, Zhu M, Huang X, Sun X, Lin SY, Piao HL, Zhou J, Lin SC. Low glucose metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate switches PHGDH from serine synthesis to p53 activation to control cell fate. Cell Res 2023; 33:835-850. [PMID: 37726403 PMCID: PMC10624847 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolytic intermediary metabolites such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate can serve as signals, controlling metabolic states beyond energy metabolism. However, whether glycolytic metabolites also play a role in controlling cell fate remains unexplored. Here, we find that low levels of glycolytic metabolite 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) can switch phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) from cataplerosis serine synthesis to pro-apoptotic activation of p53. PHGDH is a p53-binding protein, and when unoccupied by 3-PGA interacts with the scaffold protein AXIN in complex with the kinase HIPK2, both of which are also p53-binding proteins. This leads to the formation of a multivalent p53-binding complex that allows HIPK2 to specifically phosphorylate p53-Ser46 and thereby promote apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that PHGDH mutants (R135W and V261M) that are constitutively bound to 3-PGA abolish p53 activation even under low glucose conditions, while the mutants (T57A and T78A) unable to bind 3-PGA cause constitutive p53 activation and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, even in the presence of high glucose. In vivo, PHGDH-T57A induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse HCC, whereas PHGDH-R135W prevents apoptosis and promotes HCC growth, and knockout of Trp53 abolishes these effects above. Importantly, caloric restriction that lowers whole-body glucose levels can impede HCC growth dependent on PHGDH. Together, these results unveil a mechanism by which glucose availability autonomously controls p53 activity, providing a new paradigm of cell fate control by metabolic substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinye Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dong-Qi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianglei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zheni Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianyin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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8
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Saunders H, Dias WB, Slawson C. Growing and dividing: how O-GlcNAcylation leads the way. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105330. [PMID: 37820866 PMCID: PMC10641531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle errors can lead to mutations, chromosomal instability, or death; thus, the precise control of cell cycle progression is essential for viability. The nutrient-sensing posttranslational modification, O-GlcNAc, regulates the cell cycle allowing one central control point directing progression of the cell cycle. O-GlcNAc is a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar modification to intracellular proteins that is dynamically added and removed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. These enzymes act as a rheostat to fine-tune protein function in response to a plethora of stimuli from nutrients to hormones. O-GlcNAc modulates mitogenic growth signaling, senses nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, and coordinates with other nutrient-sensing enzymes to progress cells through Gap phase 1 (G1). At the G1/S transition, O-GlcNAc modulates checkpoint control, while in S Phase, O-GlcNAcylation coordinates the replication fork. DNA replication errors activate O-GlcNAcylation to control the function of the tumor-suppressor p53 at Gap Phase 2 (G2). Finally, in mitosis (M phase), O-GlcNAc controls M phase progression and the organization of the mitotic spindle and midbody. Critical for M phase control is the interplay between OGT and OGA with mitotic kinases. Importantly, disruptions in OGT and OGA activity induce M phase defects and aneuploidy. These data point to an essential role for the O-GlcNAc rheostat in regulating cell division. In this review, we highlight O-GlcNAc nutrient sensing regulating G1, O-GlcNAc control of DNA replication and repair, and finally, O-GlcNAc organization of mitotic progression and spindle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony Saunders
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Wagner B Dias
- Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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9
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González-Marín B, Calderón-Segura ME, Sekelsky J. ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 Pathways Respond to DNA Damage Induced by Movento ® 240SC and Envidor ® 240SC Keto-Enol Insecticides in the Germarium of Drosophila melanogaster. TOXICS 2023; 11:754. [PMID: 37755764 PMCID: PMC10535977 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in keto-enol genotoxicity have not been characterized, and few studies have reported genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. The present study shows that concentrations of 11.2, 22.4, 37.3 mg/L of Movento® 240SC and 12.3, 24.6, 41.1 mg/L of Envidor® 240SC for 72 h oral exposure induced DSBs by significantly increasing the percentage of γH2AV expression in regions 2b and 3 from the germarium of wild type females of Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R, compared to the control group (0.0 mg/L of insecticides), via confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. The comparison between both insecticides' reveals that only the Envidor® 240SC induces concentration-dependent DNA damage, as well as structural changes in the germarium. We determined that the DDR induced by Movento® 240SC depends on the activation of the ATMtefu, Chk1grp and Chk2lok kinases by significantly increasing the percentage of expression of γH2AV in regions 2b and 3 of the germarium, and that ATRmei-29D and p53dp53 kinases only respond at the highest concentration of 37.3 mg/L of Movento® 240SC. With the Envidor® 240SC insecticide, we determined that the DDR depends on the activation of the ATRmei-29D/Chk1grp and ATMtefu/Chk2lok kinases, and p53dp53 by significantly increasing the percentage of expression of γH2AV in the germarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenyce González-Marín
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - María Elena Calderón-Segura
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jeff Sekelsky
- Department of Biology and Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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10
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Qin S, Kitty I, Hao Y, Zhao F, Kim W. Maintaining Genome Integrity: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Orchestrate the Balancing Act of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10212. [PMID: 37373360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages which lead to severe genome instability. Phosphorylation is one of the most important protein post-translation modifications involved in DSBs repair regulation. Kinases and phosphatases play coordinating roles in DSB repair by phosphorylating and dephosphorylating various proteins. Recent research has shed light on the importance of maintaining a balance between kinase and phosphatase activities in DSB repair. The interplay between kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in regulating DNA-repair processes, and alterations in their activity can lead to genomic instability and disease. Therefore, study on the function of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair is essential for understanding their roles in cancer development and therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair regulation and highlight the advancements in the development of cancer therapies targeting kinases or phosphatases in DSBs repair pathways. In conclusion, understanding the balance of kinase and phosphatase activities in DSBs repair provides opportunities for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ichiwa Kitty
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yalan Hao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Alli VJ, Yadav P, Suresh V, Jadav SS. Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Approaches Toward WEE1 Kinase Inhibitors and Its Degraders. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20196-20233. [PMID: 37323408 PMCID: PMC10268025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
WEE1 is a checkpoint kinase critical for mitotic events, especially in cell maturation and DNA repair. Most cancer cells' progression and survival are linked with elevated levels of WEE1 kinase. Thus, WEE1 kinase has become a new promising druggable target. A few classes of WEE1 inhibitors are designed by rationale or structure-based techniques and optimization approaches to identify selective acting anticancer agents. The discovery of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 further emphasized WEE1 as a promising anticancer target. Therefore, the current review provides a comprehensive data on medicinal chemistry, synthetic approaches, optimization methods, and the interaction profile of WEE1 kinase inhibitors. In addition, WEE1 PROTAC degraders and their synthetic procedures, including a list of noncoding RNAs necessary for regulation of WEE1, are also highlighted. From the standpoint of medicinal chemistry, the contents of this compilation serve as an exemplar for the further design, synthesis, and optimization of promising WEE1-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Jyothi Alli
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Pawan Yadav
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Vavilapalli Suresh
- Department
of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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12
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Lee SS, Vũ TT, Weiss AS, Yeo GC. Stress-induced senescence in mesenchymal stem cells: Triggers, hallmarks, and current rejuvenation approaches. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151331. [PMID: 37311287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising cell-based therapies in the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory conditions. However, despite accumulating evidence of the breadth of MSC functional potency, their broad clinical translation is hampered by inconsistencies in therapeutic efficacy, which is at least partly due to the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of MSC populations as they progress towards senescence in vitro. MSC senescence, a natural response to aging and stress, gives rise to altered cellular responses and functional decline. This review describes the key regenerative properties of MSCs; summarises the main triggers, mechanisms, and consequences of MSC senescence; and discusses current cellular and extracellular strategies to delay the onset or progression of senescence, or to rejuvenate biological functions lost to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Shinchen Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thu Thuy Vũ
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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13
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Chen S, Shao F, Zeng J, Guo S, Wang L, Sun H, Lei JH, Lyu X, Gao S, Chen Q, Miao K, Xu X, Deng CX. Cullin-5 deficiency orchestrates the tumor microenvironment to promote mammary tumor development through CREB1-CCL2 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq1395. [PMID: 36662868 PMCID: PMC9858512 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer-associated gene 1 (Brca1) deficiency induces the onset of breast cancer formation, accompanied with extensive genetic alterations. Here, we used both the sleeping beauty transposon mutagenesis system and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome-wide screening in mice to identify potential genetic alterations that act synergistically with Brca1 deficiency to promote tumorignesis. Both approaches identified Cullin-5 as a tumor suppressor, whose mutation enabled Brca1-deficient cell survival and accelerated tumorigenesis by orchestrating tumor microenvironment. Cullin-5 suppresses cell growth through ubiquitylating and degrading adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1), especially under protein damage condition. Meanwhile, Cullin-5 deficiency activated CREB1-CCL2 signaling and resulted in the accumulation of monocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reduction of T cells that benefit tumor progression in both Brca1-deficient cells and wild-type cells. Blocking CREB1 activity either through gene knockout or specific inhibitor treatment suppressed changes in the tumor microenvironment caused by Cullin-5 deficiency and blocked tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lijian Wang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncogene, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Josh Haipeng Lei
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xueying Lyu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncogene, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncogene, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncogene, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncogene, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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14
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Gruber LC, Schneider B, Nothnagel C, Beer-Hammer S. Knockout of SLy1 decreases double-negative thymocyte proliferation and protects mice from p53-induced tumor formation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250017. [PMID: 36401605 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte-specific adapter protein SLy1 has previously been identified as indispensable for thymocyte development and T-cell proliferation and, recently, as a cause of X-linked combined immunodeficiency in humans that recapitulates many of the abnormalities reported in SLy1KO and SLy1d/d mice. As SLy1KO NK cells show increased levels of p53, we focused our research on the interdependency of SLy1 and p53 for thymocyte development. Using RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, we observed increased levels of p53 as well as DNA damage response proteins in SLy1KO thymocytes. To test for rescue from SLy1-induced deficiencies in thymocyte development like reduced thymocyte numbers and reduced DN to DP progression, we generated a mouse model with T cell-specific p53-deficiency on an SLy1KO background and analyzed lymphocyte populations in these mice and respective controls. Astonishingly, SLy1KO -typical deficiencies were retained, showing that SLy1 is mechanistically independent of p53. Studies of apoptosis and proliferation in SLy1KO thymocytes revealed decreased proliferation in the DN3 subpopulation as a possible reason for the decreased thymocyte number. In mice with p53-deficient T cells, we observed tumor formation leading to reduced survival, preferentially in SLy1WT mice. Thus, we suggest that a SLy1-deficiency reduces proliferation, resulting in less hematologic tumors initiated by the p53-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Christin Gruber
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christin Nothnagel
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomik and ICePhA, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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15
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Minor Kinases with Major Roles in Cytokinesis Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223639. [PMID: 36429067 PMCID: PMC9688779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the conclusive act of cell division, allows cytoplasmic organelles and chromosomes to be faithfully partitioned between two daughter cells. In animal organisms, its accurate regulation is a fundamental task for normal development and for preventing aneuploidy. Cytokinesis failures produce genetically unstable tetraploid cells and ultimately result in chromosome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. In animal cells, the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring drive cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a cytoplasmic intercellular bridge, which is severed during abscission, the final event of cytokinesis. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a crucial process to orchestrate the spatio-temporal regulation of the different stages of cytokinesis. Several kinases have been described in the literature, such as cyclin-dependent kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and Aurora B, regulating both furrow ingression and/or abscission. However, others exist, with well-established roles in cell-cycle progression but whose specific role in cytokinesis has been poorly investigated, leading to considering these kinases as "minor" actors in this process. Yet, they deserve additional attention, as they might disclose unexpected routes of cell division regulation. Here, we summarize the role of multifunctional kinases in cytokinesis with a special focus on those with a still scarcely defined function during cell cleavage. Moreover, we discuss their implication in cancer.
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16
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Boonen RA, Vreeswijk MP, van Attikum H. CHEK2 variants: linking functional impact to cancer risk. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:759-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Therapeutics Targeting p53-MDM2 Interaction to Induce Cancer Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095005. [PMID: 35563397 PMCID: PMC9103871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Named as the guardian of the genome, p53 is a tumor suppressor that regulates cell function, often through many different mechanisms such as DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, metabolism, and autophagy. One of the genes that p53 activates is MDM2, which forms a negative feedback loop since MDM2 induces the degradation of p53. When p53 activity is inhibited, damaged cells do not undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. As 50% of human cancers inactivate p53 by mutation, current research focuses on reactivating p53 by developing drugs that target the p53-MDM2 interaction, which includes the binding of MDM2 and phosphorylation of p53. The objective of this article is to provide a short list and description of p53-MDM2 antagonists that may be excellent candidates for inducing cancer cell death. Relevant articles were searched for and identified using online databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Increasing p53 levels, by targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction, can help p53 play its role as a tumor suppressor and induce cancer cell death. Researchers have identified different compounds that can act as inhibitors, either by directly binding to MDM2 or by modifying p53 with phosphorylation. The results associated with the drugs demonstrate the importance of targeting such interactions to inhibit cancer cell growth, which indicates that the use of the compounds may improve cancer therapeutics.
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18
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Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Nevzorov I, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of E3 Ligase Pirh2 in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1515. [PMID: 35563824 PMCID: PMC9101203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-dependent ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 regulates a number of proteins involved in different cancer-associated processes. Targeting the p53 family proteins, Chk2, p27Kip1, Twist1 and others, Pirh2 participates in such cellular processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular migration. Thus, it is not surprising that Pirh2 takes part in the initiation and progression of different diseases and pathologies including but not limited to cancer. In this review, we aimed to summarize the available data on Pirh2 regulation, its protein targets and its role in various diseases and pathological processes, thus making the Pirh2 protein a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
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19
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Deciphering the acetylation code of p53 in transcription regulation and tumor suppression. Oncogene 2022; 41:3039-3050. [PMID: 35487975 PMCID: PMC9149126 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that p53-mediated tumor suppression mainly acts through its ability in transcriptional regulation, the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are not completely understood. Among a number of regulatory modes, acetylation of p53 attracts great interests. p53 was one of the first non-histone proteins found to be functionally regulated by acetylation and deacetylation, and subsequent work has established that reversible acetylation is a general mechanism for regulation of non-histone proteins. Unlike other types of post-translational modifications occurred during stress responses, the role of p53 acetylation has been recently validated in vivo by using the knockin mice with both acetylation-defective and acetylation-mimicking p53 mutants. Here, we review the role of acetylation in p53-mediated activities, with a focus on which specific acetylation sites are critical for p53-dependent transcription regulation during tumor suppression and how acetylation of p53 recruits specific “readers” to execute its promoter-specific regulation of different targets. We also discuss the role of p53 acetylation in differentially regulating its classic activities in cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis as well as newly identified unconventional functions such as cell metabolism and ferroptosis.
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20
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Kim JY, Kim J, Bandara BMR, Tilakaratne WM, Kim D. Leaf extract of Osbeckia octandra induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 35078428 PMCID: PMC8787916 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osbeckia octandra is a plant endemic to Sri Lanka and is used in ethnomedicine for treating various diseases. However, the anti-cancer properties of O. octandra are yet to be fully investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of O. octandra on oral cancer cells. Methods Human oral cancer cell lines (HSC2, YD10B, YD38, YD9, and YD32) were used in this study. BrdU incorporation, cell cycle and annexin-V/PI staining were all evaluated using flow cytometry to determine the extent to which O. octandra leaf extract inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured in order to investigate the anti-cancer effects of O. octandra extracts. Western blotting was performed to detect cell cycle related protein such as cyclin d1 and cdk4, and to detect apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax, Caspase-9, Cleaved caspase-3, Fas, Caspase-8, and Bid. Results Leaf extract of O. octandra reduced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Leaf extract of O. octandra has non-toxic in normal keratinocytes. Also, O. octandra extract interrupted the DNA replication via G1 phase arrests, and this effect was independent of ROS generation. In the apoptosis-related experiments, the population of annexin V-positive cells increased upon treatment with O. octandra extract. Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) was decreased, whereas the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein was increased in O. octandra-treated OSCC cells. Conclusions The results suggest that a leaf extract of O. octandra inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells through G1 phase arrest and interrupting DNA replication. The leaf extract of O. octandra could trigger the apoptotic response via caspase 3 activation in OSCC cells. These results suggest that O. octandra has the potential to be developed as an alternative medicine for treating OSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03505-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Young Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - B M Ratnayake Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Wanninayake M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Center for Research in Oral Cancer, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Dokyeong Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Vallera RD, Ding Y, Hatanpaa KJ, Bishop JA, Mirfakhraee S, Alli AA, Tevosian SG, Tabebi M, Gimm O, Söderkvist P, Estrada-Zuniga C, Dahia PLM, Ghayee HK. Case report: Two sisters with a germline CHEK2 variant and distinct endocrine neoplasias. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1024108. [PMID: 36440216 PMCID: PMC9682564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing has become the standard of care for many disease states. As a result, physicians treating patients who have tumors often rely on germline genetic testing results for making clinical decisions. Cases of two sisters carrying a germline CHEK2 variant are highlighted whereby possible other genetic drivers were discovered on tumor analysis. CHEK2 (also referred to as CHK2) loss of function has been firmly associated with breast cancer development. In this case report, two siblings with a germline CHEK2 mutation also had distinct endocrine tumors. Pituitary adenoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) was found in the first sibling and pheochromocytoma (PCC) discovered in the second sibling. Although pituitary adenomas, PNETs, and PCC have been associated with NF1 gene mutations, the second sister with a PCC did have proven germline CHEK2 with a pathogenic somatic NF1 mutation. We highlight the clinical point that unless the tumor is sequenced, the real driver mutation that is causing the patient's tumor may remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaelle D. Vallera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yanli Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kimmo J. Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Justin A. Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sasan Mirfakhraee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sergei G. Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mouna Tabebi
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oliver Gimm
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Clinical Genomics Linköping, Science for Life Laboratory, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cynthia Estrada-Zuniga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Patricia L. M. Dahia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hans K. Ghayee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Florida, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hans K. Ghayee,
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22
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Abstract
Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide continuously and excessively. Cell division is tightly regulated by multiple evolutionarily conserved cell cycle control mechanisms, to ensure the production of two genetically identical cells. Cell cycle checkpoints operate as DNA surveillance mechanisms that prevent the accumulation and propagation of genetic errors during cell division. Checkpoints can delay cell cycle progression or, in response to irreparable DNA damage, induce cell cycle exit or cell death. Cancer-associated mutations that perturb cell cycle control allow continuous cell division chiefly by compromising the ability of cells to exit the cell cycle. Continuous rounds of division, however, create increased reliance on other cell cycle control mechanisms to prevent catastrophic levels of damage and maintain cell viability. New detailed insights into cell cycle control mechanisms and their role in cancer reveal how these dependencies can be best exploited in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Matthews
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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23
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Shefrin S, Sari AN, Kumar V, Zhang H, Meidinna HN, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Sundar D. Comparative computational and experimental analyses of some natural small molecules to restore transcriptional activation function of p53 in cancer cells harbouring wild type and p53Ser46 mutant. Curr Res Struct Biol 2022; 4:320-331. [PMID: 36164647 PMCID: PMC9507986 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in p53 are frequently associated with many types of cancers that affect its stability and activity through multiple ways. The Ser46 residue present in the transactivation domain2 (TAD2) domain of p53 undergoes phosphorylation that blocks its degradation by MDM2 and leads to cell cycle arrest/apoptosis/necrosis upon intrinsic or extrinsic stresses. On the other hand, unphosphorylated p53 mutants escape cell arrest or death triggered by these molecular signaling axes and lead to carcinogenesis. Phosphorylation of Ser in the TAD2 domain of p53 mediates its interactions with transcription factor p62, yielding transcriptional activation of downstream pro-apoptotic genes. The p53 phosphorylation causes string-like elongated conformation that increases its binding affinity with the PH domain of p62. On the other hand, lack of phosphorylation causes helix-like motifs and low binding affinity to p62. We undertook molecular simulation analyses to investigate the potential of some natural small molecules (Withanone (Wi-N) & Withaferin-A (Wi-A) from Ashwagandha; Cucurbitacin-B (Cuc-B) from bitter Cucumber; and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Artepillin C (ARC) from honeybee propolis) to interact with p62-binding region of p53 and restore its wild-type activity. We found that Wi-N, Wi-A, and Cuc-B have the potential to restore p53-p62 interaction for phosphorylation-deficient p53 mutants. Wi-N, in particular, caused a reversal of the α-helical structure into an elongated string-like conformation similar to the wild-type p53. These data suggested the use of these natural compounds for the treatment of p53Ser46 mutant harbouring cancers. We also compared the efficiency of Wi-N, Wi-A, Cuc-B, CAPE, and ARC to abrogate Mortalin-p53 binding resulting in nuclear translocation and reactivation of p53 function and provide experimental evidence to the computational analysis. Taken together, the use of these small molecules for reactivation of p53 in cancer cells is suggested. Wild type p53 (p53WT) and its mutant form (p53S46PΔ) are associated with multiple cancers. Natural compounds serve as a potential mediator to restore the function of p53 in wild type and Ser46 phosphor mutant. In-silico analysis suggested that Wi-A, Wi-N, and Cuc-B are stronger inhibitors of p53 -mortalin interaction. These entities could also bind to p53S46PΔ and mimic the phosphorylated conformation, suggesting reactivation of p53WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyad Shefrin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Vipul Kumar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Huayue Zhang
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hazna Noor Meidinna
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Sahay O, Barik GK, Sharma T, Pillai AD, Rapole S, Santra MK. Damsel in distress calling on her knights: Illuminating the pioneering role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in guarding the genome integrity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 109:103261. [PMID: 34920250 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity is of utmost importance for the organisms to survive and to accurately inherit traits to their progenies. Any kind of DNA damage either due to defect in DNA duplication and/ or uncontrolled cell division or intracellular insults or environment radiation can result in gene mutation, chromosomal aberration and ultimately genomic instability, which may cause several diseases including cancers. Therefore, cells have evolved machineries for the surveillance of genomic integrity. Enormous exciting studies in the past indicate that ubiquitination (a posttranslational modification of proteins) plays a crucial role in maintaining the genomic integrity by diverse ways. In fact, various E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyse ubiquitination of key proteins to control their central role during cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair. Some E3 ligases promote genomic instability while others prevent it, deregulation of both of which leads to several malignancies. In this review, we consolidate the recent findings wherein the role of ubiquitination in conferring genome integrity is highlighted. We also discuss the latest discoveries on the mechanisms utilized by various E3 ligases to preserve genomic stability, with a focus on their actions during cell cycle progression and different types of DNA damage response as well as repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osheen Sahay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Barik
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Tanisha Sharma
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ajay D Pillai
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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25
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Shen L, Zhang S, Wang K, Wang X. Familial Breast Cancer: Disease Related Gene Mutations and Screening Strategies for Chinese Population. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740227. [PMID: 34926254 PMCID: PMC8671637 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 5%-10% of the breast cancer cases have a hereditary background, and this subset is referred to as familial breast cancer (FBC). In this review, we summarize the susceptibility genes and genetic syndromes associated with FBC and discuss the FBC screening and high-risk patient consulting strategies for the Chinese population. METHODS We searched the PubMed database for articles published between January 2000 and August 2021. Finally, 380 pieces of literature addressing the genes and genetic syndromes related to FBC were included and reviewed. RESULTS We identified 16 FBC-related genes and divided them into three types (high-, medium-, and low-penetrance) of genes according to their relative risk ratios. In addition, six genetic syndromes were found to be associated with FBC. We then summarized the currently available screening strategies for FBC and discussed those available for high-risk Chinese populations. CONCLUSION Multiple gene mutations and genetic disorders are closely related to FBC. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend corresponding screening strategies for these genetic diseases. However, such guidelines for the Chinese population are still lacking. For screening high-risk groups in the Chinese population, genetic testing is recommended after genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Li Z, Li S, Luo M, Jhong JH, Li W, Yao L, Pang Y, Wang Z, Wang R, Ma R, Yu J, Huang Y, Zhu X, Cheng Q, Feng H, Zhang J, Wang C, Hsu JBK, Chang WC, Wei FX, Huang HD, Lee TY. dbPTM in 2022: an updated database for exploring regulatory networks and functional associations of protein post-translational modifications. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D471-D479. [PMID: 34788852 PMCID: PMC8728263 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in different cellular processes. In view of the importance of PTMs in cellular functions and the massive data accumulated by the rapid development of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, this paper presents an update of dbPTM with over 2 777 000 PTM substrate sites obtained from existing databases and manual curation of literature, of which more than 2 235 000 entries are experimentally verified. This update has manually curated over 42 new modification types that were not included in the previous version. Due to the increasing number of studies on the mechanism of PTMs in the past few years, a great deal of upstream regulatory proteins of PTM substrate sites have been revealed. The updated dbPTM thus collates regulatory information from databases and literature, and merges them into a protein-protein interaction network. To enhance the understanding of the association between PTMs and molecular functions/cellular processes, the functional annotations of PTMs are curated and integrated into the database. In addition, the existing PTM-related resources, including annotation databases and prediction tools are also renewed. Overall, in this update, we would like to provide users with the most abundant data and comprehensive annotations on PTMs of proteins. The updated dbPTM is now freely accessible at https://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/dbPTM/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Li
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mengqi Luo
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jhih-Hua Jhong
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wenshuo Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Lantian Yao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Pang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Rulan Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Renfei Ma
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jinhan Yu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Qifan Cheng
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Hexiang Feng
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Chunxuan Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Justin Bo-Kai Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Xiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.,Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.,Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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27
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Hernandez Borrero L, Dicker DT, Santiago J, Sanders J, Tian X, Ahsan N, Lev A, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. A subset of CB002 xanthine analogs bypass p53-signaling to restore a p53 transcriptome and target an S-phase cell cycle checkpoint in tumors with mutated-p53. eLife 2021; 10:70429. [PMID: 34324416 PMCID: PMC8321552 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TP53 occur commonly in the majority of human tumors and confer aggressive tumor phenotypes, including metastasis and therapy resistance. CB002 and structural-analogs restore p53 signaling in tumors with mutant-p53 but we find that unlike other xanthines such as caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline, they do not deregulate the G2 checkpoint. Novel CB002-analogs induce pro-apoptotic Noxa protein in an ATF3/4-dependent manner, whereas caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline do not. By contrast to caffeine, CB002-analogs target an S-phase checkpoint associated with increased p-RPA/RPA2, p-ATR, decreased Cyclin A, p-histone H3 expression, and downregulation of essential proteins in DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair. CB002-analog #4 enhances cell death, and decreases Ki-67 in patient-derived tumor-organoids without toxicity to normal human cells. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in mice. Thus, a novel class of anti-cancer drugs shows the activation of p53 pathway signaling in tumors with mutated p53, and targets an S-phase checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Hernandez Borrero
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - John Santiago
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Jennifer Sanders
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Xiaobing Tian
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Avital Lev
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, United States
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28
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Hernandez Borrero L, Dicker DT, Santiago J, Sanders J, Tian X, Ahsan N, Lev A, Zhou L, El-Deiry WS. A subset of CB002 xanthine analogs bypass p53-signaling to restore a p53 transcriptome and target an S-phase cell cycle checkpoint in tumors with mutated-p53. eLife 2021. [PMID: 34324416 DOI: 10.10.7554/elife.70429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TP53 occur commonly in the majority of human tumors and confer aggressive tumor phenotypes, including metastasis and therapy resistance. CB002 and structural-analogs restore p53 signaling in tumors with mutant-p53 but we find that unlike other xanthines such as caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline, they do not deregulate the G2 checkpoint. Novel CB002-analogs induce pro-apoptotic Noxa protein in an ATF3/4-dependent manner, whereas caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline do not. By contrast to caffeine, CB002-analogs target an S-phase checkpoint associated with increased p-RPA/RPA2, p-ATR, decreased Cyclin A, p-histone H3 expression, and downregulation of essential proteins in DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair. CB002-analog #4 enhances cell death, and decreases Ki-67 in patient-derived tumor-organoids without toxicity to normal human cells. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in mice. Thus, a novel class of anti-cancer drugs shows the activation of p53 pathway signaling in tumors with mutated p53, and targets an S-phase checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Hernandez Borrero
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - John Santiago
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Jennifer Sanders
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Xiaobing Tian
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Avital Lev
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.,Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, United States.,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, United States
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29
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Abstract
In this perspective, we introduce shelterin and the mechanisms of ATM activation and NHEJ at telomeres, before discussing the following questions: How are t-loops proposed to protect chromosome ends and what is the evidence for this model? Can other models explain how TRF2 mediates end protection? Could t-loops be pathological structures? How is end protection achieved in pluripotent cells? What do the insights into telomere end protection in pluripotent cells mean for the t-loop model of end protection? Why might different cell states have evolved different mechanisms of end protection? Finally, we offer support for an updated t-loop model of end protection, suggesting that the data is supportive of a critical role for t-loops in protecting chromosome ends from NHEJ and ATM activation, but that other mechanisms are involved. Finally, we propose that t-loops are likely dynamic, rather than static, structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Ruis
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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30
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Valles GJ, Bezsonova I, Woodgate R, Ashton NW. USP7 Is a Master Regulator of Genome Stability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:717. [PMID: 32850836 PMCID: PMC7419626 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations, including DNA mutations and chromosomal abnormalities, are primary drivers of tumor formation and cancer progression. These alterations can endow cells with a selective growth advantage, enabling cancers to evade cell death, proliferation limits, and immune checkpoints, to metastasize throughout the body. Genetic alterations occur due to failures of the genome stability pathways. In many cancers, the rate of alteration is further accelerated by the deregulation of these processes. The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) has recently emerged as a key regulator of ubiquitination in the genome stability pathways. USP7 is also deregulated in many cancer types, where deviances in USP7 protein levels are correlated with cancer progression. In this work, we review the increasingly evident role of USP7 in maintaining genome stability, the links between USP7 deregulation and cancer progression, as well as the rationale of targeting USP7 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle J Valles
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Irina Bezsonova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas W Ashton
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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31
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Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA DINO in Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells Reactivates the Dormant TP53 Tumor Suppressor through ATM/CHK2 Signaling. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01190-20. [PMID: 32546626 PMCID: PMC7298716 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01190-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional restoration of the TP53 tumor suppressor holds great promise for anticancer therapy. Current strategies are focused on modulating TP53 regulatory proteins. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of TP53 as well as modulators of downstream tumor-suppressive transcriptional responses. Unlike many other cancer types, human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cancer cells retain wild-type TP53 that is rendered dysfunctional by the viral E6 protein. We show that acute expression of the damage-induced long noncoding RNA, DINO, a known TP53 transcriptional target and functional modulator, causes TP53 reactivation in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. This causes increased vulnerability to standard chemotherapeutics as well as biguanide compounds that cause metabolic stress. Hence, strategies that target DINO may be useful for restoring TP53 tumor suppressor activity in HPV-positive cancers and other tumor types that retain wild-type TP53. Tumor cells overcome the cytostatic and cytotoxic restraints of TP53 tumor suppressor signaling through a variety of mechanisms. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumor cells retain wild-type TP53 because the HPV E6/UBE3A ubiquitin ligase complex targets TP53 for proteasomal degradation. While restoration of TP53 in tumor cells holds great promise for cancer therapy, attempts to functionally restore the dormant TP53 tumor suppressor in HPV-positive cancer cells by inhibiting the HPV E6/UBE3A ubiquitin ligase complex have not yet been successful. The damage-induced long noncoding RNA, DINO (DINOL), is a TP53 transcriptional target that has been reported to bind to and stabilize TP53, thereby amplifying TP53 signaling. We show that HPV-positive cervical carcinoma cells contain low levels of DINO because of HPV E6/UBE3A-mediated TP53 degradation. Acute DINO expression overrides HPV16 E6/UBE3A-mediated TP53 degradation, causing TP53 stabilization and increased expression of TP53 transcriptional target genes. This causes a marked sensitization to chemotherapy agents and renders cells vulnerable to metabolic stress. Acute DINO expression in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells induces hallmarks of DNA damage response signaling, and TP53 activation involves ATM/CHK2 signaling. DINO upregulation in response to DNA damage is independent of ATM/CHK2 and can occur in cancer cells that express mutant TP53.
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32
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Paluschinski M, Castoldi M, Schöler D, Bardeck N, Oenarto J, Görg B, Häussinger D. Tauroursodeoxycholate protects from glycochenodeoxycholate-induced gene expression changes in perfused rat liver. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1551-1565. [PMID: 31152635 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) is well known to protect against glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC)-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes. In the present study, we analyzed whether TUDC also exerts protective effects by modulating GCDC-induced gene expression changes. For this, gene array-based transcriptome analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed on RNA isolated from rat livers perfused with GCDC, TUDC or a combination of both (each 20 μm for 2 h). GCDC led to a significant increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the effluent perfusate, which was prevented by TUDC. GCDC, TUDC and co-perfusion induced distinct gene expression changes. While GCDC upregulated the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, co-perfusion with TUDC increased the expression of pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic p53 target genes. In line with this, levels of serine20-phosphorylated p53 and of its target gene p21 were elevated by GCDC in a TUDC-sensitive way. GCDC upregulated the oxidative stress surrogate marker 8OH(d)G and the pro-apoptotic microRNAs miR-15b/16 and these effects were prevented by TUDC. The upregulation of miR-15b and miR-16 in GCDC-perfused livers was accompanied by a downregulation of several potential miR-15b and miR-16 target genes. The present study identified changes in the transcriptome of the rat liver which suggest, that TUDC is hepatoprotective by counteracting GCDC-induced gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Paluschinski
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirco Castoldi
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Schöler
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nils Bardeck
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Oenarto
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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33
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Wang Y, Huang J, Li B, Xue H, Tricot G, Hu L, Xu Z, Sun X, Chang S, Gao L, Tao Y, Xu H, Xie Y, Xiao W, Yu D, Kong Y, Chen G, Sun X, Lian F, Zhang N, Wu X, Mao Z, Zhan F, Zhu W, Shi J. A Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting TRIP13 Suppresses Multiple Myeloma Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 80:536-548. [PMID: 31732653 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The AAA-ATPase TRIP13 drives multiple myeloma progression. Here, we present the crystal structure of wild-type human TRIP13 at a resolution of 2.6 Å. A small-molecule inhibitor targeting TRIP13 was identified on the basis of the crystal structure. The inhibitor, designated DCZ0415, was confirmed to bind TRIP13 using pull-down, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and surface plasmon resonance-binding assays. DCZ0415 induced antimyeloma activity in vitro, in vivo, and in primary cells derived from drug-resistant patients with myeloma. The inhibitor impaired nonhomologous end joining repair and inhibited NF-κB activity. Moreover, combining DCZ0415 with the multiple myeloma chemotherapeutic melphalan or the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat induced synergistic antimyeloma activity. Therefore, targeting TRIP13 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma, particularly refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify TRIP13 as a potentially new therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guido Tricot
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Liangning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaikang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gege Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fulin Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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34
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USP39 regulates DNA damage response and chemo-radiation resistance by deubiquitinating and stabilizing CHK2. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:114-124. [PMID: 30771428 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase, CHK2 (checkpoint kinase 2), is a key mediator in DNA damage response and a tumor suppressor, which is implicated in promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence suggests that these functions are primarily exerted through phosphorylation downstream factors such as p53 and BRCA1. Recent studies have shown that ubiquitination is an important mode of regulation of CHK2. However, it remains largely unclear whether deubiquitinases participate in regulation of CHK2. Here, we report that a deubiquitinase, USP39, is a new regulator of CHK2. Mechanistically, USP39 deubiquitinates and stabilizes CHK2, which in turn enhances CHK2 stability. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated knockdown of USP39 led to deregulate CHK2, which resulted in compromising the DNA damage-induced G2/M checkpoint, decreasing apoptosis, and conferring cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy drugs and radiation treatment. Collectively, we identify USP39 as a novel regulator of CHK2 in the DNA damage response.
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35
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Xie C, Tanakchi S, Raygada M, Davis JL, Del Rivero J. Case Report of an Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated With Germline CHEK2 Mutation. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:284-290. [PMID: 30623166 PMCID: PMC6320243 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive form of cancer that originates in the cortex of the adrenal gland; the incidence of ACC is 1.5 to 2 cases per million people per year. ACCs are rare and mostly sporadic. A small proportion of ACC cases are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes. Here, we present a case of ACC with a pathogenic heterozygous germline deletion in CHEK2 (c.1100delC). This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a patient with ACC associated with a CHEK2 germline deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xie
- Medical Oncology Service, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sally Tanakchi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margarita Raygada
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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36
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Wang Z, Yang K, Zheng Q, Zhang C, Tang H, Babicheva A, Jiang Q, Li M, Chen Y, Carr SG, Wu K, Zhang Q, Balistrieri A, Wang C, Song S, Ayon RJ, Desai AA, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ, Lu W, Wang J. Divergent changes of p53 in pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L216-L228. [PMID: 30358436 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00538.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressive role of p53, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of many genes, has been linked to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. The noncanonical function or the pathogenic role of p53 has more recently been implicated in pulmonary vascular disease. We previously reported that rapid nuclear accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) upregulates transient receptor potential channels and enhances Ca2+ entry to increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt). Also, we observed differences in HIF-1α/2α expression in PASMCs and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Here we report that p53 is increased in PAECs, but decreased in PASMCs, isolated from mice with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) and rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH (MCT-PH). The increased p53 in PAECs from rats with MCT-PH is associated with an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, while the decreased p53 in PASMCs is associated with an increased HIF-1α. Furthermore, p53 is downregulated in PASMCs isolated from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with PASMCs from normal subjects. Overexpression of p53 in normal PASMCs inhibits store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) induced by passive depletion of intracellularly stored Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, while downregulation of p53 enhances SOCE. These data indicate that differentially regulated expression of p53 and HIF-1α/2α in PASMCs and PAECs and the cross talk between p53 and HIF-1α/2α in PASMCs and PAECs may play an important role in the development of PH via, at least in part, induction of PAEC apoptosis and PASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Meichan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shane G Carr
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shanshan Song
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ramon J Ayon
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , China.,Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Kang H, Lim JW, Kim H. Inhibitory effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract on DNA damage response and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:79-85. [PMID: 32148392 PMCID: PMC7033323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. DNA damage activates DNA damage response (DDR) which includes ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) activation. ATM increases alternative reading frame (ARF) but decreases mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2). Because p53 interacts with Mdm2, H. pylori–induced loss of Mdm2 stabilizes p53 and induces apoptosis. Previous study showed that Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRG) reduces ROS and prevents cell death in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells. Methods We determined whether KRG inhibits apoptosis by suppressing DDRs and apoptotic indices in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. The infected cells were treated with or without KRG or an ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933. ROS levels, apoptotic indices (cell death, DNA fragmentation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 activity) and DDRs (activation and levels of ATM, checkpoint kinase 2, Mdm2, ARF, and p53) were determined. Results H. pylori induced apoptosis by increasing apoptotic indices and ROS levels. H. pylori activated DDRs (increased p-ATM, p-checkpoint kinase 2, ARF, p-p53, and p53, but decreased Mdm2) in gastric epithelial cells. KRG reduced ROS and inhibited increase in apoptotic indices and DDRs in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells. KU-55933 suppressed DDRs and apoptosis in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells, similar to KRG. Conclusion KRG suppressed ATM-mediated DDRs and apoptosis by reducing ROS in H. pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells. Supplementation with KRG may prevent the oxidative stress-mediated gastric impairment associated with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bourgeois B, Madl T. Regulation of cellular senescence via the FOXO4-p53 axis. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2083-2097. [PMID: 29683489 PMCID: PMC6033032 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) and p53 proteins are transcription factors that regulate diverse signalling pathways to control cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. In the last decade both FOXO and p53 have been identified as key players in aging, and their misregulation is linked to numerous diseases including cancers. However, many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain mysterious, including regulation of ageing by FOXOs and p53. Several activities appear to be shared between FOXOs and p53, including their central role in the regulation of cellular senescence. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances on the link between FOXOs and p53, with a particular focus on the FOXO4‐p53 axis and the role of FOXO4/p53 in cellular senescence. Moreover, we discuss potential strategies for targeting the FOXO4‐p53 interaction to modulate cellular senescence as a drug target in treatment of aging‐related diseases and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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Smolensky D, Rhodes D, McVey DS, Fawver Z, Perumal R, Herald T, Noronha L. High-Polyphenol Sorghum Bran Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth Through ROS Induction, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis. J Med Food 2018; 21:990-998. [PMID: 29733262 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As diet is one of the major controllable factors in cancer development, potentially chemopreventive foods are of significant interest to public health. One such food is sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a cereal grain that contains varying concentrations of polyphenols. In a panel of 15 sorghum germplasm, we identified strains with higher polyphenol content than previously reported for this grain. Bran extracts from the germplasm with the highest and lowest polyphenol content were then tested against HepG2 and Caco2 cancer cells to assess effects on cancer cell viability, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and protein expression patterns. High-polyphenol extracts, but not low-polyphenol extracts, reduced cell viability by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest following production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage. The results indicate that high-polyphenol sorghum bran extracts have potential anticancer properties and warrant further research, not only to test against specific cancers but also to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Smolensky
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Davina Rhodes
- 2 Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Zachary Fawver
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Ramasamy Perumal
- 3 Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Thomas Herald
- 2 Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Leela Noronha
- 1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Zhao X, Guo X, Xing L, Yue W, Yin H, He M, Wang J, Yang J, Chen J. HBV infection potentiates resistance to S-phase arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics by inhibiting CHK2 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:61. [PMID: 29352124 PMCID: PMC5833392 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is correlated with their poor outcomes. However, the role of HBV infection in DLBCL treatment failure remains poorly understood. Here, our data demonstrated that HBV infection was closely associated with poorer clinical prognosis independent of its hepatic dysfunction in germinal center B-cell type (GCB type) DLBCL patients. Interestingly, we found that DLBCL cells expressing hepatitis B virus X protein (HBX) did not exhibit enhanced cell growth but did show reduced sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine (Ara-C), which induced S-phase arrest. Mechanism studies showed that HBX specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2, a key DNA damage response protein). CHK2 depletion similarly conferred resistance to the S-phase arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics, consistent with HBX overexpression in DLBCL cells. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type CHK2 rather than its unphosphorylated mutant (T68A) significantly restored the reduced chemosensitivity in HBX-expressing cells, suggesting that HBV infection conferred resistance to chemotherapeutics that induced S-phase arrest by specifically inhibiting the activation of CHK2 response signaling in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Xing
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Yue
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisen Yin
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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41
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Hollingworth R, Horniblow RD, Forrest C, Stewart GS, Grand RJ. Localization of Double-Strand Break Repair Proteins to Viral Replication Compartments following Lytic Reactivation of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. J Virol 2017; 91:e00930-17. [PMID: 28855246 PMCID: PMC5660498 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00930-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are recognized by the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and result in activation of the DNA-PK and ATM kinases, which play key roles in regulating the cellular DNA damage response (DDR). DNA tumor viruses such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are known to interact extensively with the DDR during the course of their replicative cycles. Here we show that during lytic amplification of KSHV DNA, the Ku70/80 heterodimer and the MRN complex consistently colocalize with viral genomes in replication compartments (RCs), whereas other DSB repair proteins form foci outside RCs. Depletion of MRE11 and abrogation of its exonuclease activity negatively impact viral replication, while in contrast, knockdown of Ku80 and inhibition of the DNA-PK enzyme, which are involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair, enhance amplification of viral DNA. Although the recruitment of DSB-sensing proteins to KSHV RCs is a consistent occurrence across multiple cell types, activation of the ATM-CHK2 pathway during viral replication is a cell line-specific event, indicating that recognition of viral DNA by the DDR does not necessarily result in activation of downstream signaling pathways. We have also observed that newly replicated viral DNA is not associated with cellular histones. Since the presence and modification of these DNA-packaging proteins provide a scaffold for docking of multiple DNA repair factors, the absence of histone deposition may allow the virus to evade localization of DSB repair proteins that would otherwise have a detrimental effect on viral replication.IMPORTANCE Tumor viruses are known to interact with machinery responsible for detection and repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, although detail concerning how Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) modulates these cellular pathways during its lytic replication phase was previously lacking. By undertaking a comprehensive assessment of the localization of DSB repair proteins during KSHV replication, we have determined that a DNA damage response (DDR) is directed to viral genomes but is distinct from the response to cellular DNA damage. We also demonstrate that although recruitment of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) DSB-sensing complex to viral genomes and activation of the ATM kinase can promote KSHV replication, proteins involved in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair restrict amplification of viral DNA. Overall, this study extends our understanding of the virus-host interactions that occur during lytic replication of KSHV and provides a deeper insight into how the DDR is manipulated during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hollingworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Horniblow
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Forrest
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J Grand
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Multidisciplinary genetic clinics offer counseling and testing to those who meet criteria for familial breast cancer, and plastic surgeons become integral to this process when risk-reducing surgery and postmastectomy reconstruction are deemed appropriate. As reconstructive surgeons, it is important that plastic surgeons are aware of the risks and issues associated with the genetic variants that cause patients to present for prophylactic or therapeutic surgery.
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Seshacharyulu P, Baine MJ, Souchek JJ, Menning M, Kaur S, Yan Y, Ouellette MM, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Biological determinants of radioresistance and their remediation in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:69-92. [PMID: 28249796 PMCID: PMC5548591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in radiotherapy, a majority of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (PC) do not achieve objective responses due to the existence of intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. Identification of molecular mechanisms that compromise the efficacy of radiation therapy and targeting these pathways is paramount for improving radiation response in PC patients. In this review, we have summarized molecular mechanisms associated with the radio-resistant phenotype of PC. Briefly, we discuss the reversible and irreversible biological consequences of radiotherapy, such as DNA damage and DNA repair, mechanisms of cancer cell survival and radiation-induced apoptosis following radiotherapy. We further describe various small molecule inhibitors and molecular targeting agents currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies as potential radiosensitizers for PC. Notably, we draw attention towards the confounding effects of cancer stem cells, immune system, and the tumor microenvironment in the context of PC radioresistance and radiosensitization. Finally, we discuss the need for examining selective radioprotectors in light of the emerging evidence on radiation toxicity to non-target tissue associated with PC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael J Baine
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joshua J Souchek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Melanie Menning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chi Lin
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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44
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Pharmacological Inhibition of the DNA Damage Checkpoint Prevents Radiation-Induced Oocyte Death. Genetics 2017; 206:1823-1828. [PMID: 28576861 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.203455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian function is directly correlated with survival of the primordial follicle reserve. Women diagnosed with cancer have a primary imperative of treating the cancer, but since the resting oocytes are hypersensitive to the DNA-damaging modalities of certain chemo- and radiotherapeutic regimens, such patients face the collateral outcome of premature loss of fertility and ovarian endocrine function. Current options for fertility preservation primarily include the collection and cryopreservation of oocytes or in vitro-fertilized oocytes, but this necessitates a delay in cancer treatment and additional assisted reproductive technology procedures. Here, we evaluated the potential of pharmacological preservation of ovarian function by inhibiting a key element of the oocyte DNA damage checkpoint response, checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2; CHEK2). Whereas nonlethal doses of ionizing radiation (IR) eradicate immature oocytes in wild-type mice, irradiated Chk2-/- mice retain their oocytes and, thus, fertility. Using an ovarian culture system, we show that transient administration of the CHK2 inhibitor 2-(4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide-hydrate ("CHK2iII") blocked activation of the CHK2 targets TRP53 and TRP63 in response to sterilizing doses of IR, and preserved oocyte viability. After transfer into sterilized host females, these ovaries proved functional and readily yielded normal offspring. These results provide experimental evidence that chemical inhibition of CHK2 is a potentially effective treatment for preserving the fertility and ovarian endocrine function of women exposed to DNA-damaging cancer therapies such as IR.
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45
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Takagi M. DNA damage response and hematological malignancy. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:345-356. [PMID: 28374143 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a serious threat to cellular homeostasis. Damaged DNA leads to genomic instability, mutation, senescence, and/or cell death. DNA damage triggers a cellular response called the DNA damage response (DDR), followed by activation of the DNA repair machinery. DDR both maintains cellular homeostasis and prevents cancer development. Germ line mutation of DDR-associated genes can lead to cancer-susceptible syndromes. Somatic mutation of DDR-associated genes has also been reported in various tumors, including hematological malignancies. Therapeutic approaches that target the DDR and DNA repair are thus now being developed. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying DDR and DNA repair will increase our knowledge of cancer etiology and facilitate development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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46
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Zhao H, Song L, Huang W, Liu J, Yuan D, Wang Y, Zhang C. Total flavonoids of Epimedium
reduce ageing-related oxidative DNA damage in testis of rats via p53-dependent pathway. Andrologia 2017; 49. [PMID: 28370226 DOI: 10.1111/and.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhao
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - L. Song
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - W. Huang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - J. Liu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - D. Yuan
- Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
| | - Y. Wang
- LONGHUA Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - C. Zhang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University; Yichang China
- LONGHUA Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Abramowitz J, Neuman T, Perlman R, Ben-Yehuda D. Gene and protein analysis reveals that p53 pathway is functionally inactivated in cytogenetically normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:18. [PMID: 28340577 PMCID: PMC5423421 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanisms that inactivate the p53 pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), other than rare mutations, are still not well understood. Methods We performed a bioinformatics study of the p53 pathway function at the gene expression level on our collection of 1153 p53-pathway related genes. Publically available Affymetrix data of 607 de-novo AML patients at diagnosis were analyzed according to the patients cytogenetic, FAB and molecular mutations subtypes. We further investigated the functional status of the p53 pathway in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) patients using bioinformatics, Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results We revealed significant and differential alterations of p53 pathway-related gene expression in most of the AML subtypes. We found that p53 pathway-related gene expression was not correlated with the accepted grouping of AML subtypes such as by cytogenetically-based prognosis, morphological stage or by the type of molecular mutation. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed that p53 is not functional in CN-AML and APL blasts at inducing its most important functional outcomes: cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair and oxidative stress defense. We revealed transcriptional downregulation of important p53 acetyltransferases in both CN-AML and APL, accompanied by increased Mdmx protein expression and inadequate Chk2 protein activation. Conclusions Our bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that p53 pathway is differentially inactivated in different AML subtypes. Focused gene and protein analysis of p53 pathway in CN-AML and APL patients imply that functional inactivation of p53 protein can be attributed to its impaired acetylation. Our analysis indicates the need in further accurate evaluation of p53 pathway functioning and regulation in distinct subtypes of AML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-017-0249-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Abramowitz
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Tzahi Neuman
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Riki Perlman
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dina Ben-Yehuda
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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48
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Simon HU, Friis R, Tait SWG, Ryan KM. Retrograde signaling from autophagy modulates stress responses. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaag2791. [PMID: 28246201 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a process in which cytoplasmic components, including whole organelles, are degraded within lysosomes. Basally, this process is essential for homeostasis and is constitutively functional in most cells, but it can also be implemented as part of stress responses. We discuss findings showing that autophagy proteins can modulate and amplify the activities of transcription factors involved in stress responses, such as those in the p53, FOXO, MiT/TFE, Nrf2, and NFκB/Rel families. Thus, transcription factors not only amplify stress responses and autophagy but are also subject to retrograde regulation by autophagy-related proteins. Physical interactions with autophagy-related proteins, competition for activating intermediates, and "signalphagy," which is the role autophagy plays in the degradation of specific signaling proteins, together provide powerful tools for implementing negative feedback or positive feed-forward loops on the transcription factors that regulate autophagy. We present examples illustrating how this network interacts to regulate metabolic and physiologic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Robert Friis
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research U.K. Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
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Baloch AH, Khosa AN, Bangulzai N, Shuja J, Naseeb HK, Jan M, Marghazani IB, Kakar MUH, Baloch DM, Cheema AM, Ahmad J. Novel Nonsense Variants c.58C>T (p.Q20X) and c.256G>T (p.E85X) in the CHEK2 Gene Identified dentified in Breast Cancer Patients from Balochistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1089-92. [PMID: 27039729 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring and leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Hereditary cases account 5-10% of all the cases and CHEK2 is considered as a moderate penetrance breast cancer risk gene. CHEK2 plays a crucial role in response to DNA damage to promote cell cycle arrest and repair DNA damage or induce apoptosis. Our objective in the current study was to analyze mutations in the CHEK2 gene related to breast cancer in Balochistan. A total of 271 individuals including breast cancer patients and normal subjects were enrolled. All 14 exons of CHEK2 were amplified and sequenced. The majority of the patients (>95%) had invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), 52.1% were diagnosed with tumor grade III and 56.1% and 27.5% were diagnosed with advance stages III and IV. Two novel nonsense variants i.e. c.58C>T (P.Q20X) and c.256G>T (p.E85X) at exon 1 and 2 in two breast cancer patients were identified in the current study. Both the variants identified were novel and have not been reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed Baloch
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan E-mail :
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50
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Long Y, Yu M, Li P, Islam S, Goh AW, Kumarasiri M, Wang S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of heteroaryl styryl sulfone derivatives as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5674-5678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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