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Park S, Cho JH, Kim JH, Kim JA. Histone lysine methylation modifiers controlled by protein stability. Exp Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s12276-024-01329-5. [PMID: 39394462 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine methylation is pivotal in shaping the epigenetic landscape and is linked to cell physiology. Coordination of the activities of multiple histone lysine methylation modifiers, namely, methyltransferases and demethylases, modulates chromatin structure and dynamically alters the epigenetic landscape, orchestrating almost all DNA-templated processes, such as transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. The stability of modifier proteins, which is regulated by protein degradation, is crucial for their activity. Here, we review the current knowledge of modifier-protein degradation via specific pathways and its subsequent impact on cell physiology through epigenetic changes. By summarizing the functional links between the aberrant stability of modifier proteins and human diseases and highlighting efforts to target protein stability for therapeutic purposes, we aim to promote interest in defining novel pathways that regulate the degradation of modifiers and ultimately increase the potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungryul Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Cho
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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2
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Zhou Q, Li Z, Meng L, Wang Y, Ashaq MS, Li Y, Zhao B. Identification of ubiquitination-related hub genes in chronic myeloid leukemia cell by bioinformatics analysis. J Cancer 2024; 15:3750-3759. [PMID: 38911390 PMCID: PMC11190763 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells (CML-LSCs) are posited as the primary instigators of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and recurrence of CML. Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, has been implicated in the worsening process of CML. A more detailed understanding of their crosstalk needs further investigation. Our research aims to explore the potential ubiquitination-related genes in CML-LSC using bioinformatics analysis that might be the target for the eradication of LSCs. Methods: The ubiquitination modification-related differentially expressed genes (UUC-DEGs) between normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and LSCs were obtained from GSE47927 and iUUCD database. Subsequently, the hub UUC-DEGs were identified through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis utilizing the STRING database and the MCODE plug-in within the Cytoscape platform. The upstream regulation network of the hub UUC-DEGs was studied by hTFtarget, PROMO, miRDB and miRWalk databases respectively. Then the correlation between the hub UUC-DEGs and the immune cells was analyzed by the CIBERSORT algorithm and "ggcorrplot" package. Finally, we validated the function of hub UUC-DEGs in CML animal models, CML cell lines and CD34+ cells of the GSE24739 dataset. Results: There is a strong association between the 4 hub UUC genes (AURKA, Fancd2, Cdc20 and Uhrf1) of LSCs and the infiltration of CD4+/CD8+ T cells, NK cells and monocytes. 8 TFs and 23 miRNAs potentially targeted these 4 hub genes were constructed. Among these hub genes, Fancd2, Cdc20 and Uhrf1 were found to be highly expressed in CML-LSC, which knocking down resulted in significant inhibition of CML cell proliferation. Conclusions: From the perspective of bioinformatics analysis, UHRF1 and CDC20 were identified as the novel key ubiquitination-related genes in CML-LSCs and the pathogenesis of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Li Meng
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Muhammad Sameer Ashaq
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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William JNG, Dhar R, Gundamaraju R, Sahoo OS, Pethusamy K, Raj AFPAM, Ramasamy S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Karmakar S. SKping cell cycle regulation: role of ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1288501. [PMID: 38559562 PMCID: PMC10978726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1288501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription. Being an oncogene in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, it is frequently associated with drug resistance and poor disease outcomes. In the current review, we discussed the novel role of SKP2 in different hematological malignancies. Further, we performed a limited in-silico analysis to establish the involvement of SKP2 in a few publicly available cancer datasets. Interestingly, our study identified Skp2 expression to be altered in a cancer-specific manner. While it was found to be overexpressed in several cancer types, few cancer showed a down-regulation in SKP2. Our review provides evidence for developing novel SKP2 inhibitors in hematological malignancies. We also investigated the effect of SKP2 status on survival and disease progression. In addition, the role of miRNA and its associated families in regulating Skp2 expression was explored. Subsequently, we predicted common miRNAs against Skp2 genes by using miRNA-predication tools. Finally, we discussed current approaches and future prospective approaches to target the Skp2 gene by using different drugs and miRNA-based therapeutics applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonahunnatha Nesson George William
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), Ageing Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Intestinal Mucosal Biology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Cardiac Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Department Of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Chen Y, Su H, Zhao J, Na Z, Jiang K, Bacchiocchi A, Loh KH, Halaban R, Wang Z, Cao X, Slavoff SA. Unannotated microprotein EMBOW regulates the interactome and chromatin and mitotic functions of WDR5. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113145. [PMID: 37725512 PMCID: PMC10629662 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved WD40-repeat protein WDR5 interacts with multiple proteins both inside and outside the nucleus. However, it is currently unclear whether and how the distribution of WDR5 between complexes is regulated. Here, we show that an unannotated microprotein EMBOW (endogenous microprotein binder of WDR5) dually encoded in the human SCRIB gene interacts with WDR5 and regulates its binding to multiple interaction partners, including KMT2A and KIF2A. EMBOW is cell cycle regulated, with two expression maxima at late G1 phase and G2/M phase. Loss of EMBOW decreases WDR5 interaction with KIF2A, aberrantly shortens mitotic spindle length, prolongs G2/M phase, and delays cell proliferation. In contrast, loss of EMBOW increases WDR5 interaction with KMT2A, leading to WDR5 binding to off-target genes, erroneously increasing H3K4me3 levels, and activating transcription of these genes. Together, these results implicate EMBOW as a regulator of WDR5 that regulates its interactions and prevents its off-target binding in multiple contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haomiao Su
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jianing Zhao
- Frontier Innovation Center, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenkun Na
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Antonella Bacchiocchi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ken H Loh
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhentian Wang
- Frontier Innovation Center, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiongwen Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Sarah A Slavoff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06529, USA.
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Karan D, Singh M, Dubey S, Van Veldhuizen PJ, Saunthararajah Y. DNA Methyltransferase 1 Targeting Using Guadecitabine Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth by an Apoptosis-Independent Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2763. [PMID: 37345101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are implicated in repressing several tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer progression. In this study, we determined the anti-prostate cancer effect of a small molecule drug guadecitabine (gDEC) that inhibits/depletes the DNA methylation writer DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). gDEC inhibited prostate cancer cell growth and proliferation in vitro without activating the apoptotic cascade. Molecular studies confirmed DNMT1 depletion and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and β-catenin in several prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and MDA PCa 2b). gDEC treatment also significantly inhibited prostate tumor growth in vivo in mice (22Rv1, MDA PCa 2b, and PC-3 xenografts) without any observed toxicities. gDEC did not impact the expression of androgen receptor (AR) or AR-variant 7 (AR-V7) nor sensitize the prostate cancer cells to the anti-androgen enzalutamide in vitro. In further investigating the mechanism of cytoreduction by gDEC, a PCR array analyses of 84 chromatin modifying enzymes demonstrated upregulation of several lysine-specific methyltransferases (KMTs: KMT2A, KMT2C, KMT2E, KMT2H, KMT5A), confirmed by additional expression analyses in vitro and of harvested xenografts. Moreover, gDEC treatment increased global histone 3 lysine 4 mono-and di-methylation (H3K4me1 and H3K4me2). In sum, gDEC, in addition to directly depleting the corepressor DNMT1, upregulated KMT activating epigenetic enzymes, activating terminal epithelial program activation, and prostate cancer cell cycling exits independent of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Karan
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Manohar Singh
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Seema Dubey
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Peter J Van Veldhuizen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Telomere Transcription in MLL-Rearranged Leukemia Cell Lines: Increased Levels of TERRA Associate with Lymphoid Lineage and Are Independent of Telomere Length and Ploidy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030925. [PMID: 36979904 PMCID: PMC10046226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere transcription into telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) is an integral component of all aspects of chromosome end protection consisting of telomerase- or recombination-dependent telomere elongation, telomere capping, and the preservation of the (sub)telomeric heterochromatin structure. The chromatin modifier and transcriptional regulator MLL binds to telomeres and regulates TERRA transcription in telomere length homeostasis and response to telomere dysfunction. MLL fusion proteins (MLL-FPs), the product of MLL rearrangements in leukemia, also bind to telomeric chromatin. However, an effect on telomere transcription in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemia has not yet been evaluated. Here, we show increased UUAGGG repeat-containing RNA levels in MLL-r acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) when compared to non-MLL-r ALL and myeloid leukemia. MLL rearrangements do not affect telomere length and UUAGGG repeat-containing RNA levels correlate with mean telomere length and reflect increased levels of TERRA. Furthermore, high levels of TERRA in MLL-r ALL occur in the presence of telomerase activity and are independent of ploidy, an underestimated source of variation on the overall transcriptome size in a cell. This MLL rearrangement-dependent and lymphoid lineage-associated increase in levels of TERRA supports a sustained telomere transcription by MLL-FPs that correlates with marked genomic stability previously reported in pediatric MLL-r ALL.
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Bhattacharya A, Shukla VK, Kachariya N, Preeti, Sehrawat P, Kumar A. Disorder in the Human Skp1 Structure is the Key to its Adaptability to Bind Many Different Proteins in the SCF Complex Assembly. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167830. [PMID: 36116539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skp1(S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 - Homo sapiens) is an adapter protein of the SCF(Skp1-Cullin1-Fbox) complex, which links the constant components (Cul1-RBX) and the variable receptor (F-box proteins) in Ubiquitin E3 ligase. It is intriguing how Skp1 can recognise and bind to a variety of structurally different F-box proteins. For practical reasons, previous efforts have used truncated Skp1, and thus it has not been possible to track the crucial aspects of the substrate recognition process. In this background, we report the solution structure of the full-length Skp1 protein determined by NMR spectroscopy for the first time and investigate the sequence-dependent dynamics in the protein. The solution structure reveals that Skp1 has an architecture: β1-β2-H1-H2-L1-H3-L2-H4-H5-H6-H7(partially formed) and a long tail-like disordered C-terminus. Structural analysis using DALI (Distance Matrix Alignment) reveals conserved domain structure across species for Skp1. Backbone dynamics investigated using NMR relaxation suggest substantial variation in the motional timescales along the length of the protein. The loops and the C-terminal residues are highly flexible, and the (R2/R1) data suggests μs-ms timescale motions in the helices as well. Further, the dependence of amide proton chemical shift on temperature and curved profiles of their residuals indicate that the residues undergo transitions between native state and excited state. The curved profiles for several residues across the length of the protein suggest that there are native-like low-lying excited states, particularly for several C-terminal residues. Our results provide a rationale for how the protein can adapt itself, bind, and get functionally associated with other proteins in the SCF complex by utilising its flexibility and conformational sub-states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bhattacharya
- Lab No. 606, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar Shukla
- Biophysical Chemistry & Structural Biology Laboratory, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari Campus, Mumbai 400098, India. https://twitter.com/bhu_vaibhav
| | - Nitin Kachariya
- Lab No. 606, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Preeti
- Lab No. 606, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Parveen Sehrawat
- Lab No. 606, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Lab No. 606, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Cantilena S, Gasparoli L, Pal D, Heidenreich O, Klusmann J, Martens JHA, Faille A, Warren AJ, Karsa M, Pandher R, Somers K, Williams O, de Boer J. Direct targeted therapy for MLL-fusion-driven high-risk acute leukaemias. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e933. [PMID: 35730653 PMCID: PMC9214753 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the poor prognosis of infant leukaemias remains an unmet clinical need. This disease is a prototypical fusion oncoprotein-driven paediatric cancer, with MLL (KMT2A)-fusions present in most cases. Direct targeting of these driving oncoproteins represents a unique therapeutic opportunity. This rationale led us to initiate a drug screening with the aim of discovering drugs that can block MLL-fusion oncoproteins. METHODS A screen for inhibition of MLL-fusion proteins was developed that overcomes the traditional limitations of targeting transcription factors. This luciferase reporter-based screen, together with a secondary western blot screen, was used to prioritize compounds. We characterized the lead compound, disulfiram (DSF), based on its efficient ablation of MLL-fusion proteins. The consequences of drug-induced MLL-fusion inhibition were confirmed by cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis assays, RT-qPCR, in vivo assays, RNA-seq and ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Drug-induced inhibition of MLL-fusion proteins by DSF resulted in a specific block of colony formation in MLL-rearranged cells in vitro, induced differentiation and impeded leukaemia progression in vivo. Mechanistically, DSF abrogates MLL-fusion protein binding to DNA, resulting in epigenetic changes and down-regulation of leukaemic programmes setup by the MLL-fusion protein. CONCLUSION DSF can directly inhibit MLL-fusion proteins and demonstrate antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a therapy that directly targets the initiating oncogenic MLL-fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cantilena
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Luca Gasparoli
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Deepali Pal
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Joost H. A. Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alan J. Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Owen Williams
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Jasper de Boer
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Present address:
Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre AllianceMelbourneAustralia
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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10
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Lee SY, Kim JJ, Miller KM. Bromodomain proteins: protectors against endogenous DNA damage and facilitators of genome integrity. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1268-1277. [PMID: 34548613 PMCID: PMC8492697 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous DNA damage is a major contributor to mutations, which are drivers of cancer development. Bromodomain (BRD) proteins are well-established participants in chromatin-based DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, which maintain genome integrity from cell-intrinsic and extrinsic DNA-damaging sources. BRD proteins are most well-studied as regulators of transcription, but emerging evidence has revealed their importance in other DNA-templated processes, including DNA repair and replication. How BRD proteins mechanistically protect cells from endogenous DNA damage through their participation in these pathways remains an active area of investigation. Here, we review several recent studies establishing BRD proteins as key influencers of endogenous DNA damage, including DNA–RNA hybrid (R-loops) formation during transcription and participation in replication stress responses. As endogenous DNA damage is known to contribute to several human diseases, including neurodegeneration, immunodeficiencies, cancer, and aging, the ability of BRD proteins to suppress DNA damage and mutations is likely to provide new insights into the involvement of BRD proteins in these diseases. Although many studies have focused on BRD proteins in transcription, evidence indicates that BRD proteins have emergent functions in DNA repair and genome stability and are participants in the etiology and treatment of diseases involving endogenous DNA damage. Bromodomain (BRD) proteins, known to regulate gene expression, switching particular genes on and off, also play key roles in repairing DNA damage, and studying them may help identify treatments for various diseases, including cancer. DNA damage can occur during normal cellular metabolism, for example, during copying DNA and gene expression. DNA damage is implicated in tumor formation as well as in neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and aging. Seo Yun Lee and colleagues at The University of Texas at Austin, USA, have reviewed new results showing how BRD proteins function in repairing DNA damage. They report that when DNA is damaged during copying in BRD-deficient cells, tumors can result. They also report that defects in BRD proteins are often present in cancers. Studying how BRD proteins function in both healthy and diseased cells could help to identify new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jae Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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11
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The Trithorax group protein ASH1 requires a combination of BAH domain and AT hooks, but not the SET domain, for mitotic chromatin binding and survival. Chromosoma 2021; 130:215-234. [PMID: 34331109 PMCID: PMC8426247 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-021-00762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila Trithorax group (TrxG) protein ASH1 remains associated with mitotic chromatin through mechanisms that are poorly understood. ASH1 dimethylates histone H3 at lysine 36 via its SET domain. Here, we identify domains of the TrxG protein ASH1 that are required for mitotic chromatin attachment in living Drosophila. Quantitative live imaging demonstrates that ASH1 requires AT hooks and the BAH domain but not the SET domain for full chromatin binding in metaphase, and that none of these domains are essential for interphase binding. Genetic experiments show that disruptions of the AT hooks and the BAH domain together, but not deletion of the SET domain alone, are lethal. Transcriptional profiling demonstrates that intact ASH1 AT hooks and the BAH domain are required to maintain expression levels of a specific set of genes, including several involved in cell identity and survival. This study identifies in vivo roles for specific ASH1 domains in mitotic binding, gene regulation, and survival that are distinct from its functions as a histone methyltransferase.
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12
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Zhou B, Qin Y, Zhou J, Ruan J, Xiong F, Dong J, Huang X, Yu Z, Gao S. Bortezomib suppresses self-renewal and leukemogenesis of leukemia stem cell by NF-ĸB-dependent inhibition of CDK6 in MLL-rearranged myeloid leukemia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3124-3135. [PMID: 33599085 PMCID: PMC7957264 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with chromosomal rearrangements involving the H3K4 methyltransferase mixed‐lineage leukaemia (MLL) is an aggressive subtype with low overall survival. Bortezomib (Bort) is first applied in multiple myeloma. However, whether bort possesses anti‐self‐renewal and leukemogenesis of leukaemia stem cell (LSC) in AML with MLL rearrangements is still unclear. Here, we found that bort suppressed cell proliferation and decreased colony formation in human and murine leukaemic blasts. Besides, bort reduced the frequency and function of LSC, inhibited the progression, and extended the overall survival in MLL‐AF9 (MF9) ‐transformed leukaemic mice. Furthermore, bort decreased the percentage of human LSC (CD34+CD38‐) cells and extended the overall survival in AML blasts‐xenografted NOD/SCID‐IL2Rγ (NSG) mice. Mechanistically, cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was identified as a bort target by RNA sequencing. Bort reduced the expressions of CDK6 by inhibiting NF ĸB recruitment to the promoter of CDK6, leading to the abolishment of NF ĸB DNA‐binding activity for CDK6 promoter. Overexpression of CDK6 partially rescued bort‐induced anti‐leukemogenesis. Most importantly, bort had little side‐effect against the normal haematological stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) and did not affect CDK6 expression in normal HSPC. In conclusion, our results suggest that bort selectively targets LSC in MLL rearrangements. Bort might be a prospective drug for AML patients bearing MLL rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Qin
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinglai Dong
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingzhou Huang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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The role of reciprocal fusions in MLL-r acute leukemia: studying the chromosomal translocation t(6;11). Oncogene 2021; 40:5902-5912. [PMID: 34354240 PMCID: PMC8497272 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia patients bearing t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocations can be divided in two subgroups: those with breakpoints in the major breakpoint cluster region of MLL (introns 9-10; associated mainly with AML M1/4/5), and others with breakpoints in the minor breakpoint cluster region (introns 21-23), associated with T-ALL. We cloned all four of the resulting fusion genes (MLL-AF6, AF6-MLL, exMLL-AF6, AF6-shMLL) and subsequently transfected them to generate stable cell culture models. Their molecular function was tested by inducing gene expression for 48 h in a Doxycycline-dependent fashion. Here, we present our results upon differential gene expression (DGE) that were obtained by the "Massive Analyses of cDNA Ends" (MACE-Seq) technology, an established 3'-end based RNA-Seq method. Our results indicate that the PHD/BD domain, present in the AF6-MLL and the exMLL-AF6 fusion protein, is responsible for chromatin activation in a genome-wide fashion. This led to strong deregulation of transcriptional processes involving protein-coding genes, pseudogenes, non-annotated genes, and RNA genes, e.g., LincRNAs and microRNAs, respectively. While cooperation between the MLL-AF6 and AF6-MLL fusion proteins appears to be required for the above-mentioned effects, exMLL-AF6 is able to cause similar effects on its own. The exMLL-AF6/AF6-shMLL co-expressing cell line displayed the induction of a myeloid-specific and a T-cell specific gene signature, which may explain the T-ALL disease phenotype observed in patients with such breakpoints. This again demonstrated that MLL fusion proteins are instructive and allow to study their pathomolecular mechanisms.
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14
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Paredes R, Schneider M, Pearson S, Teng HY, Kelly JR, Pierce A, Somervaille TCP, Whetton AD, Meyer S. EVI1 oncoprotein expression and CtBP1-association oscillate through the cell cycle. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8293-8300. [PMID: 32979164 PMCID: PMC7588369 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrantly high expression of EVI1 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is associated with poor prognosis. For targeted treatment of EVI1 overexpressing AML a more detailed understanding of aspects of spatiotemporal interaction dynamics of the EVI1 protein is important. EVI1 overexpressing SB1690CB AML cells were used for quantification and protein interaction studies of EVI1 and ΔEVI1. Cells were cell cycle-synchronised by mimosine and nocodazole treatment and expression of EVI1 and related proteins assessed by western blot, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. EVI1 protein levels oscillate through the cell cycle, and EVI1 is degraded partly by the proteasome complex. Both EVI1 and ΔEVI1 interact with the co-repressor CtBP1 but dissociate from CtBP1 complexes during mitosis. Furthermore, a large fraction of EVI1, but not ΔEVI1 or CtBP1, resides in the nuclear matrix. In conclusion, EVI1- protein levels and EVI1-CtBP1 interaction dynamics vary though the cell cycle and differ between EVI1 and ΔEVI1. These data ad to the functional characterisation of the EVI1 protein in AML and will be important for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for EVI1-driven AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paredes
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marion Schneider
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stella Pearson
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Hsiang Yin Teng
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - James R Kelly
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Leukaemia Biology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
- c/o Academic Unit of Paediatric Oncology, Young Oncology Unit, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Christie Hospital, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 6XB, UK.
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15
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Campbell SA, McDonald CL, Krentz NAJ, Lynn FC, Hoffman BG. TrxG Complex Catalytic and Non-catalytic Activity Play Distinct Roles in Pancreas Progenitor Specification and Differentiation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1830-1844.e6. [PMID: 31412250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate regulation of genes that coordinate pancreas progenitor proliferation and differentiation is required for pancreas development. Here, we explore the role of H3K4 methylation and the Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes in mediating gene expression during pancreas development. Disruption of TrxG complex assembly, but not catalytic activity, prevented endocrine cell differentiation in pancreas progenitor spheroids. In vivo loss of TrxG catalytic activity in PDX1+ cells increased apoptosis and the fraction of progenitors in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Pancreas progenitors were reallocated to the acinar lineage, primarily at the expense of NEUROG3+ endocrine progenitors. Later in development, acinar and endocrine cell numbers were decreased, and increased gene expression variance and reduced terminal marker activation in acinar cells led to their incomplete differentiation. These findings demonstrate that TrxG co-activator activity is required for gene induction, whereas TrxG catalytic activity and H3K4 methylation help maintain transcriptional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Campbell
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Cassandra L McDonald
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Brad G Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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16
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Sugeedha J, Gautam J, Tyagi S. SET1/MLL family of proteins: functions beyond histone methylation. Epigenetics 2020; 16:469-487. [PMID: 32795105 PMCID: PMC8078731 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1809873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The SET1 family of enzymes are well known for their involvement in the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation, a conserved trait of euchromatin associated with transcriptional activation. These methyltransferases are distinct, and involved in various biological functions in the cell. Impairment in the function of SET1 family members leads to a number of abnormalities such as skeletal and neurological defects, leukaemogenesis and even lethality. Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the unique biological roles and the mechanism of SET1 enzymes in context with H3K4 methylation/canonical functions. However, in recent years, several studies have indicated the novel role of SET1 family proteins, other than H3K4 methylation, which are equally important for cellular functions. In this review, we focus on these non-canonical function of SET1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyapal Sugeedha
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Enhancing Hematopoiesis from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells through MLL1-Induced Activation of a Rac/Rho/Integrin Signaling Axis. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:285-299. [PMID: 31951812 PMCID: PMC7013201 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL1, KMT2A) gene is critical for development and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), however, whether this protein is limiting for HSC development is unknown due to lack of physiologic model systems. Here, we develop an MLL1-inducible embryonic stem cell (ESC) system and show that induction of wild-type MLL1 during ESC differentiation selectively increases hematopoietic potential from a transitional c-Kit+/Cd41+ population in the embryoid body and also at sites of hematopoiesis in embryos. Single-cell sequencing analysis illustrates inherent heterogeneity of the c-Kit+/Cd41+ population and demonstrates that MLL1 induction shifts its composition toward multilineage hematopoietic identities. Surprisingly, this does not occur through increasing Hox or other canonical MLL1 targets but through an enhanced Rac/Rho/integrin signaling state, which increases responsiveness to Vla4 ligands and enhances hematopoietic commitment. Together, our data implicate a Rac/Rho/integrin signaling axis in the endothelial to hematopoietic transition and demonstrate that MLL1 actives this axis. Increasing MLL1 enhances hematopoietic potential in vitro and in vivo scRNA sequencing illustrates the heterogeneity of an EMP-like population from EBs MLL1 activates Rac/Rho/integrin signaling during hematopoietic specification MLL1-induced HSPCs are primed for hematopoiesis via integrin-mediated adhesion
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18
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Fisher JN, Thanasopoulou A, Juge S, Tzankov A, Bagger FO, Mendez MA, Peters AHFM, Schwaller J. Transforming activities of the NUP98-KMT2A fusion gene associated with myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:1857-1867. [PMID: 31558671 PMCID: PMC7327646 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.219188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inv(11)(p15q23), found in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, leads to expression of a fusion protein consisting of the N-terminal of nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) and the majority of the lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). To explore the transforming potential of this fusion we established inducible iNUP98-KMT2A transgenic mice. After a median latency of 80 weeks, over 90% of these mice developed signs of disease, with anemia and reduced bone marrow cellularity, increased white blood cell numbers, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and multilineage dysplasia. Additionally, induction of iNUP98-KMT2A led to elevated lineage marker-negative Sca-1+ c-Kit+ cell numbers in the bone marrow, which outcompeted wildtype cells in repopulation assays. Six iNUP98-KMT2A mice developed transplantable acute myeloid leukemia with leukemic blasts infiltrating multiple organs. Notably, as reported for patients, iNUP98-KMT2A leukemic blasts did not express increased levels of the HoxA-B-C gene cluster, and in contrast to KMT2A-AF9 leukemic cells, the cells were resistant to pharmacological targeting of menin and BET family proteins by MI-2-2 or JQ1, respectively. Expression of iNUP98-KMT2A in mouse embryonic fibroblasts led to an accumulation of cells in G1 phase, and abrogated replicative senescence. In bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors, iNUP98-KMT2A expression similarly resulted in increased cell numbers in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, with aberrant gene expression of Sirt1, Tert, Rbl2, Twist1, Vim, and Prkcd, mimicking that seen in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In summary, we demonstrate that iNUP98-KMT2A has in vivo transforming activity and interferes with cell cycle progression rather than primarily blocking differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Fisher
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Angeliki Thanasopoulou
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Sabine Juge
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | | | - Frederik O Bagger
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Max A Mendez
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB).,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
| | - Antoine H F M Peters
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel
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19
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Wang WT, Han C, Sun YM, Chen ZH, Fang K, Huang W, Sun LY, Zeng ZC, Luo XQ, Chen YQ. Activation of the Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein LAMP5 by DOT1L Serves as a Bodyguard for MLL Fusion Oncoproteins to Evade Degradation in Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2795-2808. [PMID: 30651276 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite many attempts to understand mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL leukemia), effective therapies for this disease remain limited. We identified a lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) family member, LAMP5, that is specifically and highly expressed in patients with MLL leukemia. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the functional relevance and clinical value of LAMP5 in the disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We first recruited a large cohort of leukemia patients to validate LAMP5 expression and evaluate its clinical value. We then performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the functional relevance of LAMP5 in MLL leukemia progression or maintenance. RESULTS LAMP5 was validated as being specifically and highly expressed in patients with MLL leukemia and was associated with a poor outcome. Functional studies showed that LAMP5 is a novel autophagic suppressor and protects MLL fusion proteins from autophagic degradation. Specifically targeting LAMP5 significantly promoted degradation of MLL fusion proteins and inhibited MLL leukemia progression in both an animal model and primary cells. We further revealed that LAMP5 is a direct target of the H3K79 histone methyltransferase DOT1L. Downregulating LAMP5 with a DOT1L inhibitor enhanced the selective autophagic degradation of MLL oncoproteins and extended survival in vivo; this observation was especially significant when combining DOT1L inhibitors with LAMP5 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that LAMP5 serves as a "bodyguard" for MLL fusions to evade degradation and is the first to link H3K79 methylation to autophagy regulation, highlighting the potential of LAMP5 as a therapeutic target for MLL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Meng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Yu Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Cheng Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Cohen M, Amir S, Golan M, Ben-Neriah Y, Mabjeesh NJ. β-TrCP upregulates HIF-1 in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:403-413. [PMID: 30488478 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The substantial availability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) for pathophysiological states, such as malignancies and ischemia, is primarily regulated post-translationally through the ubiquitin proteolytic system. The balance between degradation and stabilization of HIF-1α protein is determined by specific E3 ligases. In our search for new E3 ligases that might affect HIF-1α protein expression, we studied the effects of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) on the hypoxic pathway in cancer cells. β-TrCP is overexpressed in many tumors and regulates various cellular processes through mediating the degradation of important targets. Unexpectedly, we found that β-TrCP overexpression increases HIF-1α protein expression level as well as HIF-1 transcriptional activity by stabilizing HIF-1α protein and preventing its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in prostate cancer cells. By using a proteomic approach, we succeeded in demonstrating that β-TrCP interferes with the association between HIF-1α and HSP70/CHIP, a HIF-1α established E3 ligase complex. Whereas the E3 ligase activity of β-TrCP is well known, antagonizing another E3 ligase is a new mechanism of action of this important E3. We suggest that destroying or suppressing β-TrCP and thereby interrupting the HIF-1 pathway, could be valuable antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Cohen
- Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Amir
- Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Golan
- Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicola J Mabjeesh
- Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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21
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Karole AM, Chodisetty S, Ali A, Kumari N, Tyagi S. Novel sub-cellular localizations and intra-molecular interactions may define new functions of Mixed Lineage Leukemia protein. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2684-2696. [PMID: 30489191 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1553338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) protein is the best-characterized member of SET family of histone 3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, known for its transcriptional-activation role during development. mll gene rearrangements cause multiple kinds of aggressive leukemia in both children and adults. An important 'first' step in understanding the role of MLL in leukemogenesis would be to identify its localization throughout the cell cycle. In order to fully understand the breath of MLL functions in proliferating cells, we have analyzed its sub-cellular localization during the cell cycle. Our results show that MLL localizes to nucleolus and centrosome in interphase. During mitosis, it localizes to centrosomes and midbody in addition to previously reported spindle apparatus. Our results show that MLLN is required to translocate MLLC to the nucleolus. These finding suggest functional roles for MLL in nucleolus and mitosis. We also show how MLL-fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) localize to the same sub-cellular organelles like endogenous MLL. Our results indicate that MLL-fusion proteins may not only disturb the cell homeostasis by gain-of-function of the chimeric protein, but also by interfering with the functions of endogenous MLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahendra Karole
- a Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation , Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Uppal , Hyderabad 500039 , India.,b Graduate Studies , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Swathi Chodisetty
- a Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation , Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Uppal , Hyderabad 500039 , India.,b Graduate Studies , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Aamir Ali
- a Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation , Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Uppal , Hyderabad 500039 , India.,b Graduate Studies , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- a Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation , Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Uppal , Hyderabad 500039 , India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- a Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation , Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) , Uppal , Hyderabad 500039 , India
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22
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Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 5 Correlates with the Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1073432. [PMID: 30533424 PMCID: PMC6247687 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1073432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy tumors with insidious onset, rapid development and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to understand molecular mechanisms of HCC and identify clinically useful biomarkers for it. This study aimed to investigate the role of retinoblastoma binding protein 5 (RBBP5) in HCC. The expression level of RBBP5 was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The effect of RBBP5 on cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity was analyzed. RBBP5 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. High RBBP5 expression was significantly associated with elevated level of AFP, advanced TNM stage, high Ki-67 expression, larger tumor size, and poor prognosis. Knockdown of RBBP5 significantly inhibited proliferation of HCC cells through cell cycle arrest. In addition, inhibition of RBBP5 increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to doxorubicin. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RBBP5 plays an important role in the progression of HCC and may serve as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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23
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MLL1 is essential for retinal neurogenesis and horizontal inner neuron integrity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11902. [PMID: 30093671 PMCID: PMC6085291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of retinal structure and function is controlled by cell type-specific transcription factors and widely expressed co-regulators. The latter includes the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family of histone methyltransferases that catalyze histone H3 lysine 4 di- and tri-methylation associated with gene activation. One such member, MLL1, is widely expressed in the central nervous system including the retina. However, its role in retinal development is unknown. To address this question, we knocked out Mll1 in mouse retinal progenitors, and discovered that MLL1 plays multiple roles in retinal development by regulating progenitor cell proliferation, cell type composition and neuron-glia balance, maintenance of horizontal neurons, and formation of functional synapses between neuronal layers required for visual signal transmission and processing. Altogether, our results suggest that MLL1 is indispensable for retinal neurogenesis and function development, providing a new paradigm for cell type-specific roles of known histone modifying enzymes during CNS tissue development.
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24
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Germano G, Morello G, Aveic S, Pinazza M, Minuzzo S, Frasson C, Persano L, Bonvini P, Viola G, Bresolin S, Tregnago C, Paganin M, Pigazzi M, Indraccolo S, Basso G. ZNF521 sustains the differentiation block in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26129-26141. [PMID: 28412727 PMCID: PMC5432245 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 521 (ZNF521) is a multiple zinc finger transcription factor and a strong candidate as regulator of hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Recently, independent gene expression profile studies have evidenced a positive correlation between ZNF521 mRNA overexpression and MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leaving open the question on the role of ZNF521 in this subtype of leukemia. In this study, we sought to analyze the effect of ZNF521 depletion on MLL-rearranged AML cell lines and MLL-AF9 xenograft primary cells. Knockdown of ZNF521 with short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to decreased leukemia proliferation, reduced colony formation and caused cell cycle arrest in MLL-rearranged AML cell lines. Importantly, we showed that loss of ZNF521 substantially caused differentiation of both MLL-rearranged cell lines and primary cells. Moreover, gene profile analysis in ZNF521-silenced THP-1 cells revealed a loss of MLL-AF9-directed leukemic signature and an increase of the differentiation program. Finally, we determined that both MLL-AF9 and MLL-ENL fusion proteins directly interacted with ZNF521 promoter activating its transcription. In conclusion, our findings identify ZNF521 as a critical effector of MLL fusion proteins in blocking myeloid differentiation and highlight ZNF521 as a potential therapeutic target for this subtype of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Germano
- Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Morello
- Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Marica Pinazza
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Minuzzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Tregnago
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Martina Pigazzi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Italy
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25
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Grey W, Ivey A, Milne TA, Haferlach T, Grimwade D, Uhlmann F, Voisset E, Yu V. The Cks1/Cks2 axis fine-tunes Mll1 expression and is crucial for MLL-rearranged leukaemia cell viability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:105-116. [PMID: 28939057 PMCID: PMC5701546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cdc28 protein kinase subunits, Cks1 and Cks2, play dual roles in Cdk-substrate specificity and Cdk-independent protein degradation, in concert with the E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes SCFSkp2 and APCCdc20. Notable targets controlled by Cks include p27 and Cyclin A. Here, we demonstrate that Cks1 and Cks2 proteins interact with both the MllN and MllC subunits of Mll1 (Mixed-lineage leukaemia 1), and together, the Cks proteins define Mll1 levels throughout the cell cycle. Overexpression of CKS1B and CKS2 is observed in multiple human cancers, including various MLL-rearranged (MLLr) AML subtypes. To explore the importance of MLL-Fusion Protein regulation by CKS1/2, we used small molecule inhibitors (MLN4924 and C1) to modulate their protein degradation functions. These inhibitors specifically reduced the proliferation of MLLr cell lines compared to primary controls. Altogether, this study uncovers a novel regulatory pathway for MLL1, which may open a new therapeutic approach to MLLr leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Adam Ivey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Programme, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - David Grimwade
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Veronica Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
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26
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Wang D, Ma L, Wang B, Liu J, Wei W. E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer and implications for therapies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:683-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Ali A, Veeranki SN, Chinchole A, Tyagi S. MLL/WDR5 Complex Regulates Kif2A Localization to Ensure Chromosome Congression and Proper Spindle Assembly during Mitosis. Dev Cell 2017. [PMID: 28633016 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), along with multisubunit (WDR5, RbBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30) complex catalyzes the trimethylation of H3K4, leading to gene activation. Here, we characterize a chromatin-independent role for MLL during mitosis. MLL and WDR5 localize to the mitotic spindle apparatus, and loss of function of MLL complex by RNAi results in defects in chromosome congression and compromised spindle formation. We report interaction of MLL complex with several kinesin and dynein motors. We further show that the MLL complex associates with Kif2A, a member of the Kinesin-13 family of microtubule depolymerase, and regulates the spindle localization of Kif2A during mitosis. We have identified a conserved WDR5 interaction (Win) motif, so far unique to the MLL family, in Kif2A. The Win motif of Kif2A engages in direct interactions with WDR5 for its spindle localization. Our findings highlight a non-canonical mitotic function of MLL complex, which may have a direct impact on chromosomal stability, frequently compromised in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Sailaja Naga Veeranki
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India
| | - Akash Chinchole
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India.
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28
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Zheng N, Dai X, Wang Z, Wei W. A new layer of degradation mechanism for PR-Set7/Set8 during cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3042-3047. [PMID: 27649746 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1234552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Set8 is critically involved in transcription regulation, cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Emerging evidence has revealed that E3 ubiquitin ligases such as CRL4cdt2 and SCFSkp2 regulate Set8 protein abundance. However, it is unclear whether other E3 ligase(s) could govern Set8 level for proper cell cycle progression in response to genotoxic stress such as UV irradiation. Recently, we report that the SCFβ-TRCP complex regulates Set8 protein stability by targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Notably, Set8 interacts with the SCFβ-TRCP E3 ligase complex. We further revealed a critical role of CKI in SCFβ-TRCP-mediated degradation of Set8. Mechanistically, CKI-mediated phosphorylation of Set8 at the S253 site promotes its destruction by SCFβ-TRCP. Importantly, SCFβ-TRCP-dependent Set8 destruction also contributes to the tight control of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, in response to UV irradiation. Here, we summarize our new findings regarding the crucial role of β-TRCP in CKI-mediated Set8 degradation, which could provide new evidence to support that dysregulation of a tight regulatory network of Set8 could lead to aberrant cell cycle process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- b Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- a The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou , P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- b Department of Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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29
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Walker CL. Minireview: Epigenomic Plasticity and Vulnerability to EDC Exposures. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:848-55. [PMID: 27355193 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenome undergoes significant remodeling during tissue and organ development, which coincides with a period of exquisite sensitivity to environmental exposures. In the case of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), exposures can reprogram the epigenome of developing tissues to increase susceptibility to diseases later in life, a process termed "developmental reprogramming." Both DNA methylation and histone modifications have been shown to be vulnerable to disruption by EDC exposures, and several mechanisms have been identified by which EDCs can reprogram the epigenome. These include altered methyl donor availability, loss of imprinting control, changes in dioxygenase activity, altered expression of noncoding RNAs, and activation of cell signaling pathways that can phosphorylate, and alter the activity of, histone methyltransferases. This altered epigenomic programming can persist across the life course, and in some instances generations, to alter gene expression in ways that correlate with increased disease susceptibility. Together, these studies on developmental reprogramming of the epigenome by EDCs are providing new insights into epigenomic plasticity that is vulnerable to disruption by environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lyn Walker
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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30
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Wang Q, Trevino LS, Wong RLY, Medvedovic M, Chen J, Ho SM, Shen J, Foulds CE, Coarfa C, O'Malley BW, Shilatifard A, Walker CL. Reprogramming of the Epigenome by MLL1 Links Early-Life Environmental Exposures to Prostate Cancer Risk. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:856-71. [PMID: 27219490 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue and organ development is a time of exquisite sensitivity to environmental exposures, which can reprogram developing tissues to increase susceptibility to adult diseases, including cancer. In the developing prostate, even brief exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can increase risk for developing cancer in adulthood, with disruption of the epigenome thought to play a key role in this developmental reprogramming. We find that EDC-induced nongenomic phosphoinositide 3-kinase; (PI3K) signaling engages the histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), responsible for the histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) active epigenetic mark, to increase cleavage and formation of active MLL1 dimers. In the developing prostate, EDC-induced MLL1 activation increased H3K4me3 at genes associated with prostate cancer, with increased H3K4me3 and elevated basal and hormone-induced expression of reprogrammed genes persisting into adulthood. These data identify a mechanism for MLL1 activation that is vulnerable to disruption by environmental exposures, and link MLL1 activation by EDCs to developmental reprogramming of genes involved in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Lindsey S Trevino
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Rebecca Lee Yean Wong
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (Q.W., L.S.T., R.L.Y.W., C.L.W.), Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F., C.C., B.W.O.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Environmental Health (M.M., J.C., S.-m.H.), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis (J.S.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.S.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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31
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Zheng N, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Wei W. Recent advances in SCF ubiquitin ligase complex: Clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:12-22. [PMID: 27156687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
F-box proteins, which are subunit recruiting modules of SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box protein) E3 ligase complexes, play critical roles in the development and progression of human malignancies through governing multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, there are emerging studies that lead to the development of F-box proteins inhibitors with promising therapeutic potential. In this article, we describe how F-box proteins including but not restricted to well-established Fbw7, Skp2 and β-TRCP, are involved in tumorigenesis. However, in-depth investigation is required to further explore the mechanism and the physiological contribution of undetermined F-box proteins in carcinogenesis. Lastly, we suggest that targeting F-box proteins could possibly open new avenues for the treatment and prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, MA 02215, USA.
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32
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Stauber RH, Hahlbrock A, Knauer SK, Wünsch D. Cleaving for growth: threonine aspartase 1--a protease relevant for development and disease. FASEB J 2015; 30:1012-22. [PMID: 26578689 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From the beginning of life, proteases are key to organismal development comprising morphogenesis, cellular differentiation, and cell growth. Regulated proteolytic activity is essential for the orchestration of multiple developmental pathways, and defects in protease activity can account for multiple disease patterns. The highly conserved protease threonine aspartase 1 is a member of such developmental proteases and critically involved in the regulation of complex processes, including segmental identity, head morphogenesis, spermatogenesis, and proliferation. Additionally, threonine aspartase 1 is overexpressed in numerous liquid as well as in solid malignancies. Although threonine aspartase 1 is able to cleave the master regulator mixed lineage leukemia protein as well as other regulatory proteins in humans, our knowledge of its detailed pathobiological function and the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to development and disease is still incomplete. Moreover, neither effective genetic nor chemical inhibitors for this enzyme are available so far precluding the detailed dissection of the pathobiological functions of threonine aspartase 1. Here, we review the current knowledge of the structure-function relationship of threonine aspartase 1 and its mechanistic impact on substrate-mediated coordination of the cell cycle and development. We discuss threonine aspartase 1-mediated effects on cellular transformation and conclude by presenting a short overview of recent interference strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland H Stauber
- *Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelina Hahlbrock
- *Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- *Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Désirée Wünsch
- *Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; and Institute for Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Lu W, Liu S, Li B, Xie Y, Adhiambo C, Yang Q, Ballard BR, Nakayama KI, Matusik RJ, Chen Z. SKP2 inactivation suppresses prostate tumorigenesis by mediating JARID1B ubiquitination. Oncotarget 2015; 6:771-88. [PMID: 25596733 PMCID: PMC4359254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant elevation of JARID1B and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is frequently observed in many diseases including prostate cancer (PCa), yet the mechanisms on the regulation of JARID1B and H3K4me3 through epigenetic alterations still remain poorly understood. Here we report that Skp2 modulates JARID1B and H3K4me3 levels in vitro in cultured cells and in vivo in mouse models. We demonstrated that Skp2 inactivation decreased H3K4me3 levels, along with a reduction of cell growth, cell migration and malignant transformation of Pten/Trp53 double null MEFs, and further restrained prostate tumorigenesis of Pten/Trp53 mutant mice. Mechanistically, Skp2 decreased the K63-linked ubiquitination of JARID1B by E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, thus decreasing JARID1B demethylase activity and in turn increasing H3K4me3. In agreement, Skp2 deficiency resulted in an increase of JARID1B ubiquitination and in turn a reduction of H3K4me3, and induced senescence through JARID1B accumulation in nucleoli of PCa cells and prostate tumors of mice. Furthermore, we showed that the elevations of Skp2 and H3K4me3 contributed to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in mice, and were positively correlated in human PCa specimens. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel network of SKP2-JARID1B, and targeting SKP2 and JARID1B may be a potential strategy for PCa control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Shenji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Christine Adhiambo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Billy R Ballard
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, TN 37208, USA
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34
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Schaller M, Ito T, Allen RM, Kroetz D, Kittan N, Ptaschinski C, Cavassani K, Carson WF, Godessart N, Grembecka J, Cierpicki T, Dou Y, Kunkel SL. Epigenetic regulation of IL-12-dependent T cell proliferation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:601-13. [PMID: 26059830 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0814-375rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the cytokine IL-12 and the transcription factor STAT4, an essential part of the IL-12 signaling pathway, are critical components of the Th1 differentiation process in T cells. In response to pathogenic stimuli, this process causes T cells to proliferate rapidly and secrete high amounts of the cytokine IFN-γ, leading to the Th1 proinflammatory phenotype. However, there are still unknown components of this differentiation pathway. We here demonstrated that the expression of the histone methyltransferase Mll1 is driven by IL-12 signaling through STAT4 in humans and mice and is critical for the proper differentiation of a naïve T cell to a Th1 cell. Once MLL1 is up-regulated by IL-12, it regulates the proliferation of Th1 cells. As evidence of this, we show that Th1 cells from Mll1(+/-) mice are unable to proliferate rapidly in a Th1 environment in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, upon restimulation with cognate antigen Mll1(+/-), T cells do not convert to a Th1 phenotype, as characterized by IFN-γ output. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in IFN-γ production and proliferation in human peripheral blood stimulated with tetanus toxoid by use of a specific inhibitor of the MLL1/menin complex. Together, our results demonstrate that the MLL1 gene plays a previously unrecognized but essential role in Th1 cell biology and furthermore, describes a novel pathway through which Mll1 expression is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schaller
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ronald M Allen
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Danielle Kroetz
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nicolai Kittan
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Karen Cavassani
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - William F Carson
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nuria Godessart
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Yali Dou
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- *Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Dermatology Research, Almirall, S.A., St Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Deregulated proteolysis is increasingly being implicated in pathogenesis of lymphoma. In this review, we highlight the major cellular processes that are affected by deregulated proteolysis of critical substrates that promote lymphoproliferative disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence supports the role of aberrant proteolysis by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in lymphoproliferative disorders. Several UPS mediators are identified to be altered in lymphomagenesis. However, the precise role of their alteration and comprehensive knowledge of their target substrate critical for lymphomagenesis is far from complete. SUMMARY Many E3 ligase and deubiquitinases that contribute to regulated proteolysis of substrates critical for major cellular processes are altered in various lineages of lymphoma. Understanding of the proteolytic regulatory mechanisms of these major cellular pathways may offer novel biomarkers and targets for lymphoma therapy.
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36
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Abstract
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family proteins methylate lysine 4 on the histone H3 tail at important regulatory regions in the genome and thereby impart crucial functions through modulating chromatin structures and DNA accessibility. Although the human KMT2 family was initially named the mixed-lineage leukaemia (MLL) family, owing to the role of the first-found member KMT2A in this disease, recent exome-sequencing studies revealed KMT2 genes to be among the most frequently mutated genes in many types of human cancers. Efforts to integrate the molecular mechanisms of KMT2 with its roles in tumorigenesis have led to the development of first-generation inhibitors of KMT2 function, which could become novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh C. Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Correspondence: , Tel: (734) 6151315, Fax: (734) 7636476
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Dehay C, Kennedy H, Kosik KS. The outer subventricular zone and primate-specific cortical complexification. Neuron 2015; 85:683-94. [PMID: 25695268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary expansion and complexification of the primate cerebral cortex are largely linked to the emergence of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), a uniquely structured germinal zone that generates the expanded primate supragranular layers. The primate OSVZ departs from rodent germinal zones in that it includes a higher diversity of precursor types, inter-related in bidirectional non-hierarchical lineages. In addition, primate-specific regulatory mechanisms are operating in primate cortical precursors via the occurrence of novel miRNAs. Here, we propose that the origin and evolutionary importance of the OSVZ is related to genetic changes in multiple regulatory loops and that cell-cycle regulation is a favored target for evolutionary adaptation of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Dehay
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003, Lyon, France.
| | - Henry Kennedy
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003, Lyon, France.
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Dept Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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38
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Wang X, Ju L, Fan J, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhu K, Wu M, Li L. Histone H3K4 methyltransferase Mll1 regulates protein glycosylation and tunicamycin-induced apoptosis through transcriptional regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:2592-602. [PMID: 24983772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting protein glycosylation induces ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress, resulting in the activation of UPR (unfolded protein response) pathways. A key function of the UPR is to restore ER homeostasis, but prolonged or unsolved ER stress can lead to apoptosis. MLL1 (Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1, also named ALL-1 or HRX), a histone H3K4 methyltransferase in mammals, plays important roles in leukemogenesis, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle and development. Here, we find that Mll1 deficiency enhances UPR and apoptosis induced by the glycosylation inhibitor TM (tunicamycin). The abnormal regulation of the UPR appears to be caused by a defect in protein glycosylation. Furthermore, Mll1 directly binds to the promoters of H6pd, Galnt12 and Ugp2, which regulates H3K4 trimethylation and the subsequent expression of these genes. The knockdown of H6pd, Galnt12 or Ugp2 enhances TM-induced apoptosis in Mll1(+/+)MEF cells, whereas the ectopic expression of these proteins inhibits TM-induced apoptosis in Mll1(-/-) MEF cells. Together, our data suggest that the maturation of glycoproteins in the ER is subject to regulation at the epigenetic level by a histone methyltransferase whose abnormality can lead to cancer and developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiadong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lianyun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Barlow JH, Nussenzweig A. Replication initiation and genome instability: a crossroads for DNA and RNA synthesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4545-59. [PMID: 25238783 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear DNA replication requires the concerted action of hundreds of proteins to efficiently unwind and duplicate the entire genome while also retaining epigenetic regulatory information. Initiation of DNA replication is tightly regulated, rapidly firing thousands of origins once the conditions to promote rapid and faithful replication are in place, and defects in replication initiation lead to proliferation defects, genome instability, and a range of developmental abnormalities. Interestingly, DNA replication in metazoans initiates in actively transcribed DNA, meaning that replication initiation occurs in DNA that is co-occupied with tens of thousands of poised and active RNA polymerase complexes. Active transcription can induce genome instability, particularly during DNA replication, as RNA polymerases can induce torsional stress, formation of secondary structures, and act as a physical barrier to other enzymes involved in DNA metabolism. Here we discuss the challenges facing mammalian DNA replication, their impact on genome instability, and the development of cancer.
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40
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Gindin T, Murty V, Alobeid B, Bhagat G. MLL/KMT2Atranslocations in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Hematol Oncol 2014; 33:239-46. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY 10032 USA
| | - Vundavalli Murty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY 10032 USA
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY 10032 USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York NY 10032 USA
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41
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Ali A, Veeranki SN, Tyagi S. A SET-domain-independent role of WRAD complex in cell-cycle regulatory function of mixed lineage leukemia. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7611-24. [PMID: 24880690 PMCID: PMC4081079 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL, the trithorax ortholog, is a well-characterized histone 3 lysine 4 methyltransferase that is crucial for proper regulation of the Hox genes during embryonic development. Chromosomal translocations, disrupting the Mll gene, lead to aggressive leukemia with poor prognosis. However, the functions of MLL in cellular processes like cell-cycle regulation are not well studied. Here we show that the MLL has a regulatory role during multiple phases of the cell cycle. RNAi-mediated knockdown reveals that MLL regulates S-phase progression and, proper segregation and cytokinesis during M phase. Using deletions and mutations, we narrow the cell-cycle regulatory role to the C subunit of MLL. Our analysis reveals that the transactivation domain and not the SET domain is important for the S-phase function of MLL. Surprisingly, disruption of MLL–WRAD interaction is sufficient to disrupt proper mitotic progression. These mitotic functions of WRAD are independent of SET domain of MLL and, therefore, define a new role of WRAD in subset of MLL functions. Finally, we address the overlapping and unique roles of the different SET family members in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sailaja Naga Veeranki
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad, India
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42
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Chen Y, Chen J, Yu J, Yang G, Temple E, Harbinski F, Gao H, Wilson C, Pagliarini R, Zhou W. Identification of mixed lineage leukemia 1(MLL1) protein as a coactivator of heat shock factor 1(HSF1) protein in response to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18914-27. [PMID: 24831003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition inhibits cancer cell proliferation through depleting client oncoproteins and shutting down multiple oncogenic pathways. Therefore, it is an attractive strategy for targeting human cancers. Several HSP90 inhibitors, including AUY922 and STA9090, show promising effects in clinical trials. However, the efficacy of HSP90 inhibitors may be limited by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-mediated feedback mechanisms. Here, we identify, through an siRNA screen, that the histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase MLL1 functions as a coactivator of HSF1 in response to HSP90 inhibition. MLL1 is recruited to the promoters of HSF1 target genes and regulates their expression in response to HSP90 inhibition. In addition, a striking combination effect is observed when MLL1 depletion is combined with HSP90 inhibition in various human cancer cell lines and tumor models. Thus, targeting MLL1 may block a HSF1-mediated feedback mechanism induced by HSP90 inhibition and provide a new avenue to enhance HSP90 inhibitor activity in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianjun Yu
- the Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608
| | | | | | | | - Hui Gao
- From the Departments of Oncology
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 and
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43
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Liu H, Westergard TD, Cashen A, Piwnica-Worms DR, Kunkle L, Vij R, Pham CG, DiPersio J, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ. Proteasome inhibitors evoke latent tumor suppression programs in pro-B MLL leukemias through MLL-AF4. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:530-42. [PMID: 24735925 PMCID: PMC4097146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations disrupting MLL generate MLL-fusion proteins that induce aggressive leukemias. Unexpectedly, MLL-fusion proteins are rarely observed at high levels, suggesting excessive MLL-fusions may be incompatible with a malignant phenotype. Here, we used clinical proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and carfilzomib, to reduce the turnover of endogenous MLL-fusions and discovered that accumulated MLL-fusions induce latent, context-dependent tumor suppression programs. Specifically, in MLL pro-B lymphoid, but not myeloid, leukemias, proteasome inhibition triggers apoptosis and cell cycle arrest involving activation cleavage of BID by caspase-8 and upregulation of p27, respectively. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition conferred preliminary benefit to patients with MLL-AF4 leukemia. Hence, feasible strategies to treat cancer-type and oncogene-specific cancers can be improvised through harnessing inherent tumor suppression properties of individual oncogenic fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Todd D Westergard
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Amanda Cashen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - David R Piwnica-Worms
- BRIGHT Institute, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | | | - Ravi Vij
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Can G Pham
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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44
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Abstract
It is unclear whether the antiproliferative/proapoptotic activity of oncogenes can be pharmacologically reactivated in cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Liu and colleagues report that a proteasome inhibitor reactivates an MLL-AF4 controlled antitumor program to kill leukemia cells in an oncogene dose- and cell type-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Matkar
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Arcila ML, Betizeau M, Cambronne XA, Guzman E, Doerflinger N, Bouhallier F, Zhou H, Wu B, Rani N, Bassett DS, Borello U, Huissoud C, Goodman RH, Dehay C, Kosik KS. Novel primate miRNAs coevolved with ancient target genes in germinal zone-specific expression patterns. Neuron 2014; 81:1255-1262. [PMID: 24583023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Major nonprimate-primate differences in cortico-genesis include the dimensions, precursor lineages, and developmental timing of the germinal zones (GZs). microRNAs (miRNAs) of laser-dissected GZ compartments and cortical plate (CP) from embryonic E80 macaque visual cortex were deep sequenced. The CP and the GZ including ventricular zone (VZ) and outer and inner subcompartments of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) in area 17 displayed unique miRNA profiles. miRNAs present in primate, but absent in rodent, contributed disproportionately to the differential expression between GZ subregions. Prominent among the validated targets of these miRNAs were cell-cycle and neurogenesis regulators. Coevolution between the emergent miRNAs and their targets suggested that novel miRNAs became integrated into ancient gene circuitry to exert additional control over proliferation. We conclude that multiple cell-cycle regulatory events contribute to the emergence of primate-specific cortical features, including the OSVZ, generated enlarged supragranular layers, largely responsible for the increased primate cortex computational abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Arcila
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Marion Betizeau
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97068, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nathalie Doerflinger
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Frantz Bouhallier
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bian Wu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Neha Rani
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ugo Borello
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Huissoud
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France; Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Richard H Goodman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97068, USA
| | - Colette Dehay
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, INSERM U846, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department Cellular Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Oncogenic Y641 mutations in EZH2 prevent Jak2/β-TrCP-mediated degradation. Oncogene 2014; 34:445-54. [PMID: 24469040 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) is a critical enzymatic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which trimethylates histone H3 (H3K27) to mediate gene repression. Somatic mutations, overexpression and hyperactivation of EZH2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of cancer. In particular, recurrent gain-of-function mutations targeting EZH2 Y641 occur most frequently in follicular lymphoma and aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and are associated with H3K27me3 hyperactivation, which contributes to lymphoma pathogenesis. However, the post-translational mechanisms of EZH2 regulation are not completely understood. Here we show that EZH2 is a novel interactor and substrate of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP (FBXW1). β-TrCP ubiquitinates EZH2 and Jak2-mediated phosphorylation on Y641 directs β-TrCP-mediated EZH2 degradation. RNA interference-mediated silencing of β-TrCP or inhibition of Jak2 results in EZH2 stabilization with attendant increase in H3K27 trimethylation activity. Importantly, the EZH2(Y641) mutants recurrently implicated in lymphoma pathogenesis are unable to bind β-TrCP. Further, endogenous EZH2(Y641) mutants in lymphoma cells exhibit increased EZH2 stability and H3K27me3 hyperactivity. Our studies demonstrate that β-TrCP has an important role in controlling H3K27 trimethylation activity and lymphoma pathogenesis by targeting EZH2 for degradation.
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Interplay between the cell cycle and double-strand break response in mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1170:41-59. [PMID: 24906308 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0888-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is intimately associated with the ability of cells to sense and respond to and repair DNA damage. Understanding how cell cycle progression, particularly DNA replication and cell division, are regulated and how DNA damage can affect these processes has been the subject of intense research. Recent evidence suggests that the repair of DNA damage is regulated by the cell cycle, and that cell cycle factors are closely associated with repair factors and participate in cellular decisions regarding how to respond to and repair damage. Precise regulation of cell cycle progression in the presence of DNA damage is essential to maintain genomic stability and avoid the accumulation of chromosomal aberrations that can promote tumor formation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how mammalian cells induce cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA double-strand breaks. In addition, we discuss how cell cycle factors modulate DNA repair pathways to facilitate proper repair of DNA lesions.
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48
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Frum RA, Singh S, Vaughan C, Mukhopadhyay ND, Grossman SR, Windle B, Deb S, Deb SP. The human oncoprotein MDM2 induces replication stress eliciting early intra-S-phase checkpoint response and inhibition of DNA replication origin firing. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:926-40. [PMID: 24163099 PMCID: PMC3902934 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional paradigm ascribes the cell proliferative function of the human oncoprotein mouse double minute2 (MDM2) primarily to its ability to degrade p53. Here we report that in the absence of p53, MDM2 induces replication stress eliciting an early S-phase checkpoint response to inhibit further firing of DNA replication origins. Partially synchronized lung cells cultured from p53−/−:MDM2 transgenic mice enter S phase and induce S-phase checkpoint response earlier than lung cells from p53−/− mice and inhibit firing of DNA replication origins. MDM2 activates chk1 phosphorylation, elevates mixed lineage lymphoma histone methyl transferase levels and promotes checkpoint-dependent tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4, known to prevent firing of late replication origins at the early S phase. In the absence of p53, a condition that disables inhibition of cyclin A expression by MDM2, MDM2 increases expression of cyclin D2 and A and hastens S-phase entry of cells. Consistently, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases, known to activate DNA replication origins during firing, inhibits MDM2-mediated induction of chk1 phosphorylation indicating the requirement of this activity in MDM2-mediated chk1 phosphorylation. Our data reveal a novel pathway, defended by the intra-S-phase checkpoint, by which MDM2 induces unscheduled origin firing and accelerates S-phase entry of cells in the absence of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Frum
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, The Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA, Department of Biostatistics, The Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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The G2/M regulator histone demethylase PHF8 is targeted for degradation by the anaphase-promoting complex containing CDC20. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4166-80. [PMID: 23979597 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00689-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomethylated histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. The H4K20me1 demethylase PHF8 transcriptionally regulates many cell cycle genes and is therefore predicted to play key roles in the cell cycle. Here, we show that PHF8 protein levels are the highest during G2 phase and mitosis, and we found PHF8 protein stability to be regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Purification of the PHF8 complex led to the identification of many subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) associated with PHF8. We showed that PHF8 interacts with the CDC20-containing APC (APC(cdc20)) primarily during mitosis. In addition, we defined a novel, KEN- and D-box-independent, LXPKXLF motif on PHF8 that is required for binding to CDC20. Through various in vivo and in vitro assays, we demonstrate that mutations of the LXPKXLF motif abrogate polyubiquitylation of PHF8 by the APC. APC substrates are typically cell cycle regulators, and consistent with this, the loss of PHF8 leads to prolonged G2 phase and defective mitosis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that PHF8 plays an important role in transcriptional activation of key G2/M genes during G2 phase. Taken together, these findings suggest that PHF8 is regulated by APC(cdc20) and plays an important role in the G2/M transition.
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50
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ZHENG JIE. Oncogenic chromosomal translocations and human cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2011-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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