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Zhou W, Zhang CL, Han Z, Li X, Bai X, Wang J, Yang R, Liu S. Genome-wide selection reveals candidate genes associated with multiple teats in Hu sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2380766. [PMID: 39034460 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2380766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the number of teats in sheep helps to improve the survival rate of sheep lambs after birth. In order to analyze the candidate genes related to the formation of multiple teats in Hu sheep, the present study was conducted to investigate the genetic pattern of multiple teats in Hu sheep. In this study, based on genome-wide data from 157 Hu sheep, Fst, xp-EHH, Pi and iHS signaling were performed, and the top 5% signal regions of each analyzed result were annotated based on the Oar_v4.0 for sheep. The results show that a total of 142 SNP loci were selected. We found that PTPRG, TMEM117 and LRP1B genes were closely associated with polypodium formation in Hu sheep, in addition, among the candidate genes related to polypodium we found genes such as TMEM117, SLC25A21 and NCKAP5 related to milk traits. The present study screened out candidate genes for the formation of multiple teats at the genomic level in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shudong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
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2
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Niu S, Ma J, Li Y, Yue X, Shi K, Pan M, Song L, Tan Y, Gu L, Liu S, Chang J. PTPN23[Thr] variant reduces susceptibility and tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through dephosphorylation of EGFR. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216936. [PMID: 38704135 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of the development of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of PTM-related genetic variants associated with ESCC risk using large-scale genome-wide and exome-wide association datasets. We observed significant enrichment of PTM-related variants in the ESCC risk loci and identified five variants that were significantly associated with ESCC risk. Among them, rs6780013 in PTPN23 exhibited the highest level of significance in ESCC susceptibility in 9,728 ESCC cases and 10,977 controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.81- 0.89, P = 9.77 × 10-14). Further functional investigations revealed that PTPN23[Thr] variant binds to EGFR and modulates its phosphorylation at Thr699. PTPN23[Thr] variant substantially inhibited ESCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings underscore the critical role of PTPN23[Thr]-EGFR interaction in ESCC development, providing more insights into the pathogenesis of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Niu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jialing Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yueping Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xinying Yue
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Miaoxin Pan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqian Tan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Linglong Gu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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3
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Wang X, Wu S, Sun L, Jin P, Zhang J, Liu W, Zhan Z, Wang Z, Liu X, He L. Pan-cancer analysis revealing that PTPN2 is an indicator of risk stratification for acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18372. [PMID: 37884566 PMCID: PMC10603079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases gene family (PTPNs) is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of many cancers, but the role of PTPNs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. After a comprehensive evaluation on the expression patterns and immunological effects of PTPNs using a pan-cancer analysis based on RNA sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the most valuable gene PTPN2 was discovered. Further investigation of the expression patterns of PTPN2 in different tissues and cells showed a robust correlation with AML. PTPN2 was then systematically correlated with immunological signatures in the AML tumor microenvironment and its differential expression was verified using clinical samples. In addition, a prediction model, being validated and compared with other models, was developed in our research. The systematic analysis of PTPN family reveals that the effect of PTPNs on cancer may be correlated to mediating cell cycle-related pathways. It was then found that PTPN2 was highly expressed in hematologic diseases and bone marrow tissues, and its differential expression in AML patients and normal humans was verified by clinical samples. Based on its correlation with immune infiltrates, immunomodulators, and immune checkpoint, PTPN2 was found to be a reliable biomarker in the immunotherapy cohort and a prognostic predictor of AML. And PTPN2'riskscore can accurately predict the prognosis and response of cancer immunotherapy. These findings revealed the correlation between PTPNs and immunophenotype, which may be related to cell cycle. PTPN2 was differentially expressed between clinical AML patients and normal people. It is a diagnostic biomarker and potentially therapeutic target, providing targeted guidance for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sanyun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhuo Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zisong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Singh S, Yeat NY, Wang YT, Lin SY, Kuo IY, Wu KP, Wang WJ, Wang WC, Su WC, Wang YC, Chen RH. PTPN23 ubiquitination by WDR4 suppresses EGFR and c-MET degradation to define a lung cancer therapeutic target. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:671. [PMID: 37821451 PMCID: PMC10567730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression or activation of EGFR drives the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by secondary EGFR mutations or c-MET amplification/activation remains as a major hurdle for NSCLC treatment. We previously identified WDR4 as a substrate adaptor of Cullin 4 ubiquitin ligase and an association of WDR4 high expression with poor prognosis of lung cancer. Here, using an unbiased ubiquitylome analysis, we uncover PTPN23, a component of the ESCRT complex, as a substrate of WDR4-based ubiquitin ligase. WDR4-mediated PTPN23 ubiquitination leads to its proteasomal degradation, thereby suppressing lysosome trafficking and degradation of wild type EGFR, EGFR mutant, and c-MET. Through this mechanism, WDR4 sustains EGFR and c-MET signaling to promote NSCLC proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and metastasis. Clinically, PTPN23 is downregulated in lung cancer and its low expression correlates with WDR4 high expression and poor prognosis. Targeting WDR4-mediated PTPN23 ubiquitination by a peptide that competes with PTPN23 for binding WDR4 promotes EGFR and c-MET degradation to block the growth and progression of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC. These findings identify a central role of WDR4/PTPN23 axis in EGFR and c-MET trafficking and a potential therapeutic target for treating EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Singh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Nai Yang Yeat
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Phon Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Hendriks WJAJ, van Cruchten RTP, Pulido R. Hereditable variants of classical protein tyrosine phosphatase genes: Will they prove innocent or guilty? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051311. [PMID: 36755664 PMCID: PMC9900141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control many molecular signaling steps that control life at cellular and organismal levels. Impairing alterations in the genes encoding the involved proteins is expected to profoundly affect the quality of life-if compatible with life at all. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of germline variants that have been reported for genes encoding a subset of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; that of the thirty seven classical members. The conclusion must be that the newest genome research tools produced an avalanche of data that suggest 'guilt by association' for individual genes to specific disorders. Future research should face the challenge to investigate these accusations thoroughly and convincingly, to reach a mature genotype-phenotype map for this intriguing protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks,
| | | | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Liu C, Wang XL, Shen EC, Wang BZ, Meng R, Cui Y, Wang WJ, Shao Q. Bioinformatics analysis of prognosis and immune microenvironment of immunological cell death-related gemcitabine-resistance genes in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:1715-1728. [PMID: 36632166 PMCID: PMC9827393 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Gemcitabine resistance partly accounts for treatment failure and recurrence in BC. Immunological cell death (ICD) is correlated with chemoresistance. The prognosis of patients with similar tumor stage still varies in response to chemotherapy, recurrence, and disease progression. Therefore, our study aimed to provide a prognostic model based on ICD-related and gemcitabine-resistance genes for BC. Methods The data of BC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and differentially expressed gemcitabine resistance-related genes (DEGRRGs) were identified using the edgeR package. The survival-associated DEGRRGs were identified by univariate Cox analysis. A prognostic model was established by univariate Cox regression analysis and validated by GEO dataset. The outcome of low-risk group and high-risk group was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve. The relationship between risk score and immune cell infiltration was investigated using the TIMER online database. Results The prognosis of patients in the ICD-high group was significantly better than ICD-low group. A prognostic model containing 5 gemcitabine resistance-related ICD-associated genes, including PTPRR, HOXB3, SIGLEC15, UNC5CL, and CASQ1, was established. In both TCGA prognostic model and GEO validation model, patients in the low-risk group had better outcomes than high-risk group. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the risk score area under ROC curve (AUC) of the TCGA prognostic model were calculated to be 0.705, while the risk score of the GEO validation model were calculated to be 0.716. Patients in the high-risk group had a significantly higher immune score, stromal score, and infiltration of M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and activated CD4+ T cells. Patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower infiltration of the regulatory T cells, resting dendritic cell (DCs), and activated DCs. Conclusions The present study highlighted the functional role of gemcitabine resistance-related ICD-associated genes, constructed a prognostic score for the outcome evaluation and searched for potential targets to overcome gemcitabine chemoresistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Er-Chang Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Bispo IMC, Granger HP, Almeida PP, Nishiyama PB, de Freitas LM. Systems biology and OMIC data integration to understand gastrointestinal cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:762-778. [PMID: 36337313 PMCID: PMC9630993 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i10.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a set of diverse diseases affecting many parts/ organs. The five most frequent GI cancer types are esophageal, gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC); together, they give rise to 5 million new cases and cause the death of 3.5 million people annually. We provide information about molecular changes crucial to tumorigenesis and the behavior and prognosis. During the formation of cancer cells, the genomic changes are microsatellite instability with multiple chromosomal arrangements in GC and CRC. The genomically stable subtype is observed in GC and pancreatic cancer. Besides these genomic subtypes, CRC has epigenetic modification (hypermethylation) associated with a poor prognosis. The pathway information highlights the functions shared by GI cancers such as apoptosis; focal adhesion; and the p21-activated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, transforming growth factor beta, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. These pathways show survival, cell proliferation, and cell motility. In addition, the immune response and inflammation are also essential elements in the shared functions. We also retrieved information on protein-protein interaction from the STRING database, and found that proteins Akt1, catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), E1A binding protein P300, tumor protein p53 (TP53), and TP53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1) are central nodes in the network. The protein expression of these genes is associated with overall survival in some GI cancers. The low TP53BP1 expression in CRC, high EP300 expression in esophageal cancer, and increased expression of Akt1/TP53 or low CTNNB1 expression in GC are associated with a poor prognosis. The Kaplan Meier plotter database also confirmed the association between expression of the five central genes and GC survival rates. In conclusion, GI cancers are very diverse at the molecular level. However, the shared mutations and protein pathways might be used to understand better and reveal diagnostic/prognostic or drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasmin Moreira Costa Bispo
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Henry Paul Granger
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Palloma Porto Almeida
- Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Patricia Belini Nishiyama
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leandro Martins de Freitas
- Núcleo de Biointegração, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Fang H, Yuan J, Ji L. The progress of research into pseudophosphatases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:965631. [PMID: 36106167 PMCID: PMC9464862 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.965631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases are a class of phosphatases that mutate at the catalytically active site. They play important parts in many life processes and disorders, e.g., cell apoptosis, stress reaction, tumorigenesis, axon differentiation, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, and metabolic dysfunction. The present review considers the structures and action types of pseudophosphatases in four families, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), myotube protein phosphatases (MTMs), phosphatases and tensin homologues (PTENs) and dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), as well as their mechanisms in signaling and disease. We aimed to provide reference material for the research and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China,*Correspondence: Jinxiang Yuan
| | - Lizhen Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Lizhen Ji
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9
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Mattei AM, Smailys JD, Hepworth EMW, Hinton SD. The Roles of Pseudophosphatases in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136924. [PMID: 34203203 PMCID: PMC8269279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pseudophosphatases, atypical members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, have emerged as bona fide signaling regulators within the past two decades. Their roles as regulators have led to a renaissance of the pseudophosphatase and pseudoenyme fields, catapulting interest from a mere curiosity to intriguing and relevant proteins to investigate. Pseudophosphatases make up approximately fourteen percent of the phosphatase family, and are conserved throughout evolution. Pseudophosphatases, along with pseudokinases, are important players in physiology and pathophysiology. These atypical members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein tyrosine kinase superfamily, respectively, are rendered catalytically inactive through mutations within their catalytic active signature motif and/or other important domains required for catalysis. This new interest in the pursuit of the relevant functions of these proteins has resulted in an elucidation of their roles in signaling cascades and diseases. There is a rapid accumulation of knowledge of diseases linked to their dysregulation, such as neuropathies and various cancers. This review analyzes the involvement of pseudophosphatases in diseases, highlighting the function of various role(s) of pseudophosphatases involvement in pathologies, and thus providing a platform to strongly consider them as key therapeutic drug targets.
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10
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Devani K, Plastow G, Orsel K, Valente TS. Genome-wide association study for mammary structure in Canadian Angus cows. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237818. [PMID: 32853245 PMCID: PMC7451565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional and enduring mammary structure is pivotal for producer profitability, and animal health and welfare in beef production. Genetic evaluations for teat and udder score in Canadian Angus cattle have previously been developed. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with teat and udder structure in Canadian Angus cows thereby enhancing knowledge of the biological architecture of these traits. Thus, we performed a weighted single-step genome wide association study (WssGWAS) to identify candidate genes for teat and udder score in 1,582 Canadian Angus cows typed with the GeneSeek® Genomic Profiler Bovine 130K SNP array. Genomically enhanced estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were converted to SNP marker effects using unequal variances for markers to calculate weights for each SNP over three iterations. At the genome wide level, we detected windows of 20 consecutive SNPs that explained more than 0.5% of the variance observed in these traits. A total of 35 and 28 windows were identified for teat and udder score, respectively, with two SNP windows in common for both traits. Using Ensembl, the SNP windows were used to search for candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL). A total of 94 and 71 characterized genes were identified in the regions for teat and udder score, respectively. Of these, 7 genes were common for both traits. Gene network and enrichment analysis, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), signified key pathways unique to each trait. Genes of interest were associated with immune response and wound healing, adipose tissue development and morphology, and epithelial and vascular development and morphology. Genetic architecture from this GWAS confirms that teat and udder score are distinct, polygenic traits involving varying and complex biological pathways, and that genetic selection for improved teat and udder score is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Devani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiago S. Valente
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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11
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Reiterer V, Pawłowski K, Desrochers G, Pause A, Sharpe HJ, Farhan H. The dead phosphatases society: a review of the emerging roles of pseudophosphatases. FEBS J 2020; 287:4198-4220. [PMID: 32484316 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases are a diverse family of enzymes, comprising at least 10 distinct protein folds. Like most other enzyme families, many have sequence variations that predict an impairment or loss of catalytic activity classifying them as pseudophosphatases. Research on pseudoenzymes is an emerging area of interest, with new biological functions repurposed from catalytically active relatives. Here, we provide an overview of the pseudophosphatases identified to date in all major phosphatase families. We will highlight the degeneration of the various catalytic sequence motifs and discuss the challenges associated with the experimental determination of catalytic inactivity. We will also summarize the role of pseudophosphatases in various diseases and discuss the major challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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12
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van der Lely L, Häfliger J, Montalban-Arques A, Bäbler K, Schwarzfischer M, Sabev M, Gottier C, Lang S, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Loss of PTPN23 Promotes Proliferation and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Intestinal Cancer Cells. Inflamm Intest Dis 2019; 4:161-173. [PMID: 31768389 DOI: 10.1159/000502861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 23 (PTPN23) has recently been associated with several human epithelial cancers via regulation of growth factor signaling. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a leading cause for cancer-related death worldwide and is associated with aberrant epidermal (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Here, we investigated whether PTPN23 might play a role in CRC. Methods Expression of PTPN23 was analyzed in CRC tissue by immunohistochemistry. PTPN23 was silenced in HT-29 cells to address the role of PTPN23 in EGF signaling, gene expression, and cell migration. Results PTPN23 silencing in HT-29 and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cancer cells significantly enhanced activation of pro-oncogenic signaling molecules and genes promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) upon EGF treatment, while genes encoding tight junction proteins were significantly reduced. Conclusions Our data clearly indicate that loss of PTPN23 is associated with increased activation of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways and an enhanced ability of human intestinal cancer cells to undergo EMT. Taken together, these findings show that PTPN23 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa van der Lely
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Häfliger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Montalban-Arques
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Bäbler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Sabev
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Gottier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Wang Y, Cao J, Liu W, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hou L, Chen S, Hao P, Zhang L, Zhuang M, Yu Y, Li D, Fan G. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R (PTPRR) antagonizes the Wnt signaling pathway in ovarian cancer by dephosphorylating and inactivating β-catenin. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18306-18323. [PMID: 31653698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a lack of mutations, accumulating evidence supports an important role for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism that contributes to the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling cascade in ovarian cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R (PTPRR) suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ovarian cancer. We performed an shRNA-based biochemical screen, which identified PTPRR as being responsible for tyrosine dephosphorylation of β-catenin on Tyr-142, a key site controlling the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Of note, PTPRR was down-regulated in ovarian cancers, and ectopic PTPRR re-expression delayed ovarian cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo Using a proximity-based tagging system and RNA-Seq analysis, we identified a signaling nexus that includes PTPRR, α-catenin, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and AT-rich interaction domain 3C (ARID3C) in ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemistry staining of human samples further suggested that PTPRR expression is inversely correlated with disease prognosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that PTPRR functions as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer by dephosphorylating and inactivating β-catenin. These results suggest that PTPRR expression might have utility as a prognostic marker for predicting overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linjun Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shengmiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Piliang Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liye Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Biophysics, Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Gaofeng Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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14
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The endosomal sorting adaptor HD-PTP is required for ephrin-B:EphB signalling in cellular collapse and spinal motor axon guidance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11945. [PMID: 31420572 PMCID: PMC6697728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The signalling output of many transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell communication is restricted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), but the impact of this machinery on Eph tyrosine kinase receptor function is unknown. We identified the ESCRT-associated adaptor protein HD-PTP as part of an EphB2 proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) interactome, and confirmed this association using co-immunoprecipitation. HD-PTP loss attenuates the ephrin-B2:EphB2 signalling-induced collapse of cultured cells and axonal growth cones, and results in aberrant guidance of chick spinal motor neuron axons in vivo. HD-PTP depletion abrogates ephrin-B2-induced EphB2 clustering, and EphB2 and Src family kinase activation. HD-PTP loss also accelerates ligand-induced EphB2 degradation, contrasting the effects of HD-PTP loss on the relay of signals from other cell surface receptors. Our results link Eph function to the ESCRT machinery and demonstrate a role for HD-PTP in the earliest steps of ephrin-B:EphB signalling, as well as in obstructing premature receptor depletion.
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15
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PTPN3 suppresses lung cancer cell invasiveness by counteracting Src-mediated DAAM1 activation and actin polymerization. Oncogene 2019; 38:7002-7016. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Jariwala N, Mendoza RG, Garcia D, Lai Z, Subler MA, Windle JJ, Mukhopadhyay ND, Fisher PB, Chen Y, Sarkar D. Posttranscriptional Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor Type 23 by Staphylococcal Nuclease and Tudor Domain Containing 1: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1258-1270. [PMID: 31497746 PMCID: PMC6719750 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncoprotein staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1 (SND1) regulates gene expression at a posttranscriptional level in multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Staphylococcal nuclease (SN) domains of SND1 function as a ribonuclease (RNase), and the tudor domain facilitates protein–oligonucleotide interaction. In the present study, we aimed to identify RNA interactome of SND1 to obtain enhanced insights into gene regulation by SND1. RNA interactome was identified by immunoprecipitation (IP) of RNA using anti‐SND1 antibody from human HCC cells followed by RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP‐Seq). Among RNA species that showed more than 10‐fold enrichment over the control, we focused on the tumor suppressor protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 23 (PTPN23) because its regulation by SND1 and its role in HCC are not known. PTPN23 levels were down‐regulated in human HCC cells versus normal hepatocytes and in human HCC tissues versus normal adjacent liver, as revealed by immunohistochemistry. In human HCC cells, knocking down SND1 increased and overexpression of SND1 decreased PTPN23 protein. RNA binding and degradation assays revealed that SND1 binds to and degrades the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of PTPN23 messenger RNA (mRNA). Tetracycline‐inducible PTPN23 overexpression in human HCC cells resulted in significant inhibition in proliferation, migration, and invasion and in vivo tumorigenesis. PTPN23 induction caused inhibition in activation of tyrosine‐protein kinase Met (c‐Met), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Src, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), suggesting that, as a putative phosphatase, PTPN23 inhibits activation of these oncogenic kinases. Conclusion: PTPN23 is a novel target of SND1, and our findings identify PTPN23 as a unique tumor suppressor for HCC. PTPN23 might function as a homeostatic regulator of multiple kinases, restraining their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jariwala
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
| | - Rachel G Mendoza
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
| | - Dawn Garcia
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio TX
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio TX
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA.,Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
| | | | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA.,Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA.,Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio TX.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio TX
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA.,Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA.,Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA
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17
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Desrochers G, Kazan JM, Pause A. Structure and functions of His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase in receptor trafficking and cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:68-72. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors trigger the activation of signaling pathways to regulate key cellular processes, including cell survival and proliferation. Internalization, sorting, and trafficking of activated receptors, therefore, play a major role in the regulation and attenuation of cell signaling. Efficient sorting of endocytosed receptors is performed by the ESCRT machinery, which targets receptors for degradation by the sequential establishment of protein complexes. These events are tightly regulated and malfunction of ESCRT components can lead to abnormal trafficking and sustained signaling and promote tumor formation or progression. In this review, we analyze the modular domain organization of the alternative ESCRT protein HD-PTP and its role in receptor trafficking and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jalal M. Kazan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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18
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Miller DSJ, Bloxham RD, Jiang M, Gori I, Saunders RE, Das D, Chakravarty P, Howell M, Hill CS. The Dynamics of TGF-β Signaling Are Dictated by Receptor Trafficking via the ESCRT Machinery. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1841-1855.e5. [PMID: 30428352 PMCID: PMC7615189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways stimulated by secreted growth factors are tightly regulated at multiple levels between the cell surface and the nucleus. The trafficking of cell surface receptors is emerging as a key step for regulating appropriate cellular responses, with perturbations in this process contributing to human diseases, including cancer. For receptors recognizing ligands of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, little is known about how trafficking is regulated or how this shapes signaling dynamics. Here, using whole genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens, we have identified the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery as a crucial determinant of signal duration. Downregulation of ESCRT components increases the outputs of TGF-β signaling and sensitizes cells to low doses of ligand in their microenvironment. This sensitization drives an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to low doses of ligand, and we demonstrate a link between downregulation of the ESCRT machinery and cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S J Miller
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert D Bloxham
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ilaria Gori
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Debipriya Das
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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19
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Quaas A, Heydt C, Gebauer F, Alakus H, Loeser H, Buettner R, Hillmer A, Bruns C, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Zander T, Frommolt P. Genomic Characterization of TP53-Wild-Type Esophageal Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:154-161. [PMID: 30317074 PMCID: PMC6187090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Heydt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Loeser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Axel Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Zander
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Germany
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20
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Dissecting the role of His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase/PTPN23 and ESCRTs in sorting activated epidermal growth factor receptor to the multivesicular body. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1037-1046. [PMID: 30190330 PMCID: PMC6195633 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the multivesicular body (MVB) is an essential step during the down-regulation of the receptor. The machinery that drives EGFR sorting attaches to the cytoplasmic face of the endosome and generates vesicles that bud into the endosome lumen, but somehow escapes encapsulation itself. This machinery is termed the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) pathway, a series of multi-protein complexes and accessory factors first identified in yeast. Here, we review the yeast ESCRT pathway and describe the corresponding components in mammalian cells that sort EGFR. One of these is His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP/PTPN23), and we review the interactions involving HD-PTP and ESCRTs. Finally, we describe a working model for how this ESCRT pathway might overcome the intrinsic topographical problem of EGFR sorting to the MVB lumen.
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21
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Hinton SD. The role of pseudophosphatases as signaling regulators. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:167-174. [PMID: 30077638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases are atypical members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily. Mutations within their catalytic signature motif render them catalytically inactive. Despite this lack of catalytic function, pseudophosphatases have been implicated in various diseases such as Charcot Marie-Tooth disorder, cancer, metabolic disorder, and obesity. Moreover, they have roles in various signaling networks such as spermatogenesis, apoptosis, stress response, tumorigenesis, and neurite differentiation. This review highlights the roles of pseudophosphatases as essential regulators in signaling cascades, providing insight into the function of these catalytically inactive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantá D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA.
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22
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Tolleson MW, Gill CA, Herring AD, Riggs PK, Sawyer JE, Sanders JO, Riley DG. Association of udder traits with single nucleotide polymorphisms in crossbred Bos indicus- Bos taurus cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2399-2407. [PMID: 28727049 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The size, support, and health of udders limit the productive life of beef cows, especially those with background, because, in general, such cows have a reputation for problems with udders. Genomic association studies of bovine udder traits have been conducted in dairy cattle and recently in Continental European beef breeds but not in cows with background. The objective of this study was to determine associations of SNP and udder support scores, teat length, and teat diameter in half (Nellore), half (Angus) cows. Udders of cows ( = 295) born from 2003 to 2007 were evaluated for udder support and teat length and diameter ( = 1,746 records) from 2005 through 2014. These included a subjective score representing udder support (values of 1 indicated poorly supported, pendulous udders and values of 9 indicated very well-supported udders) and lengths and diameters of individual teats in the 4 udder quarters as well as the average. Cows were in full-sibling or half-sibling families. Residuals for each trait were produced from repeated records models with cow age category nested within birth year of cows. Those residuals were averaged to become the dependent variables for genomewide association analyses. Regression analyses of those dependent variables included genotypic values as explanatory variables for 34,980 SNP from a commercially available array and included the genomic relationship matrix. Fifteen SNP loci on BTA 5 were associated (false discovery rate controlled at 0.05) with udder support score. One of those was also detected as associated with average teat diameter. Three of those 15 SNP were located within genes, including one each in (), (), and (). These are notable for their functional role in some aspect of mammary gland formation or health. Other candidate genes for these traits in the vicinity of the SNP loci include () and (). Because these were detected in Nellore-Angus crossbred cows, which typically have very well-formed udders with excellent support across their productive lives, similar efforts in other breeds should be completed, because that may facilitate further refinement of genomic regions responsible for variation in udder traits important in multiple breeds.
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23
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Zhang S, Fan G, Hao Y, Hammell M, Wilkinson JE, Tonks NK. Suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase N23 predisposes to breast tumorigenesis via activation of FYN kinase. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1939-1957. [PMID: 29066500 PMCID: PMC5710140 DOI: 10.1101/gad.304261.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zhang et al. identified PTPN23 as a suppressor of cell motility and invasion in mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. They validated the underlying mechanism of PTPN23 function in breast tumorigenesis as that of a key phosphatase that normally suppresses the activity of FYN in two different models. Disruption of the balanced modulation of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation has been implicated in the etiology of various human cancers, including breast cancer. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase N23 (PTPN23) resides in chromosomal region 3p21.3, which is hemizygously or homozygously lost in some breast cancer patients. In a loss-of-function PTPome screen, our laboratory identified PTPN23 as a suppressor of cell motility and invasion in mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. Now, our TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database analyses illustrate a correlation between low PTPN23 expression and poor survival in breast cancers of various subtypes. Therefore, we investigated the tumor-suppressive function of PTPN23 in an orthotopic transplantation mouse model. Suppression of PTPN23 in Comma 1Dβ cells induced breast tumors within 56 wk. In PTPN23-depleted tumors, we detected hyperphosphorylation of the autophosphorylation site tyrosine in the SRC family kinase (SFK) FYN as well as Tyr142 in β-catenin. We validated the underlying mechanism of PTPN23 function in breast tumorigenesis as that of a key phosphatase that normally suppresses the activity of FYN in two different models. We demonstrated that tumor outgrowth from PTPN23-deficient BT474 cells was suppressed in a xenograft model in vivo upon treatment with AZD0530, an SFK inhibitor. Furthermore, double knockout of FYN and PTPN23 via CRISPR/CAS9 also attenuated tumor outgrowth from PTPN23 knockout Cal51 cells. Overall, this mechanistic analysis of the tumor-suppressive function of PTPN23 in breast cancer supports the identification of FYN as a therapeutic target for breast tumors with heterozygous or homozygous loss of PTPN23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Gaofeng Fan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuan Hao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Molly Hammell
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - John Erby Wilkinson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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24
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Role of ESCRT component HD-PTP/ PTPN23 in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:845-854. [PMID: 28620046 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sustained cellular signalling originated from the receptors located at the plasma membrane is widely associated with cancer susceptibility. Endosomal sorting and degradation of the cell surface receptors is therefore crucial to preventing chronic downstream signalling and tumorigenesis. Since the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) controls these processes, ESCRT components were proposed to act as tumour suppressor genes. However, the bona fide role of ESCRT components in tumorigenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. The ESCRT member HD-PTP/PTPN23 was recently identified as a novel haplo-insufficient tumour suppressor in vitro and in vivo, in mice and humans. In this mini-review, we outline the role of the ESCRT components in cancer and summarize the functions of HD-PTP/PTPN23 in tumorigenesis.
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25
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Gu Z, Fang X, Li C, Chen C, Liang G, Zheng X, Fan Q. Increased PTPRA expression leads to poor prognosis through c-Src activation and G1 phase progression in squamous cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:489-497. [PMID: 28656243 PMCID: PMC5505127 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PTPRA is reported to be involved in cancer development and progression through activating the Src family kinase (SFK) signaling pathways, however, the roles of PTPRA in the squamous cell lung cancer (SCC) development are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical relevance and biological roles of PTPRA in SCC. We found that PTPRA was upregulated in squamous cell lung cancer compared to matched normal tissues at the mRNA (N=20, P=0.004) and protein expression levels (N=75, P<0.001). Notably, high mRNA level of PTPRA was significantly correlated with poorer prognosis in 675 SCC patients from the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. With 75 cases, we found that PTPRA protein expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.002), lymph node metastasis (P=0.008), depth of tumor invasion (P<0.001) and clinical stage (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier plot suggested that high expression of PTPRA had poorer overall survival in SCC patients (P=0.009). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that PTPRA expression was an independent prognostic factor in SCC patients. In the cellular models, PTPRA promotes SCC cell proliferation through modulating Src activation as well as cell cycle progression. In conclusion, higher PTPRA level was associated with worse prognosis of SCC patients and PTPRA could promote the cell cycle progression through stimulating the c-Src signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Gu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xuqian Fang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, P.R. China
| | - Guangshu Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xinming Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qishi Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, P.R. China
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26
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Chen MJ, Dixon JE, Manning G. Genomics and evolution of protein phosphatases. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/474/eaag1796. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Gahloth D, Levy C, Heaven G, Stefani F, Wunderley L, Mould P, Cliff MJ, Bella J, Fielding AJ, Woodman P, Tabernero L. Structural Basis for Selective Interaction between the ESCRT Regulator HD-PTP and UBAP1. Structure 2016; 24:2115-2126. [PMID: 27839950 PMCID: PMC5145805 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitogenic receptors, a process often compromised in cancer pathologies. Sorting of ubiquinated receptors via ESCRTs is controlled by the tumor suppressor phosphatase HD-PTP. The specific interaction between HD-PTP and the ESCRT-I subunit UBAP1 is critical for degradation of growth factor receptors and integrins. Here, we present the structural characterization by X-ray crystallography and double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy of the coiled-coil domain of HD-PTP and its complex with UBAP1. The coiled-coil domain adopts an unexpected open and rigid conformation that contrasts with the closed and flexible coiled-coil domain of the related ESCRT regulator Alix. The HD-PTP:UBAP1 structure identifies the molecular determinants of the interaction and provides a molecular basis for the specific functional cooperation between HD-PTP and UBAP1. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of regulation of ESCRT pathways that could be relevant to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Gahloth
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Graham Heaven
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Flavia Stefani
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lydia Wunderley
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul Mould
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew J Cliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jordi Bella
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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28
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Li X, Tran KM, Aziz KE, Sorokin AV, Chen J, Wang W. Defining the Protein-Protein Interaction Network of the Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Family. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3030-44. [PMID: 27432908 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which plays a vital role in a variety of human cellular processes, is coordinated by protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Genomic studies provide compelling evidence that PTPs are frequently mutated in various human cancers, suggesting that they have important roles in tumor suppression. However, the cellular functions and regulatory machineries of most PTPs are still largely unknown. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the protein-protein interaction network of the human PTP family, we performed a global proteomic study. Using a Minkowski distance-based unified scoring environment (MUSE) for the data analysis, we identified 940 high confidence candidate-interacting proteins that comprise the interaction landscape of the human PTP family. Through a gene ontology analysis and functional validations, we connected the PTP family with several key signaling pathways or cellular functions whose associations were previously unclear, such as the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway, the Hippo-YAP pathway, and cytokinesis. Our study provides the first glimpse of a protein interaction network for the human PTP family, linking it to a number of crucial signaling events, and generating a useful resource for future studies of PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- From the ‡Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kim My Tran
- From the ‡Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kathryn E Aziz
- From the ‡Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Alexey V Sorokin
- From the ‡Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Junjie Chen
- From the ‡Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Wenqi Wang
- §Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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Manteghi S, Gingras MC, Kharitidi D, Galarneau L, Marques M, Yan M, Cencic R, Robert F, Paquet M, Witcher M, Pelletier J, Pause A. Haploinsufficiency of the ESCRT Component HD-PTP Predisposes to Cancer. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1893-900. [PMID: 27210750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) drive cell surface receptor degradation resulting in attenuation of oncogenic signaling and pointing to a tumor suppressor function. Here, we show that loss of function of an ESCRT protein (HD-PTP encoded by the PTPN23 gene, located on the tumor suppressor gene cluster 3p21.3) drives tumorigenesis in vivo. Indeed, Ptpn23(+/-) loss predisposes mice to sporadic lung adenoma, B cell lymphoma, and promotes Myc-driven lymphoma onset, dissemination, and aggressiveness. Ptpn23(+/-)-derived tumors exhibit an unaltered remaining allele and maintain 50% of HD-PTP expression. Consistent with the role of HD-PTP in attenuation of integrin recycling, cell migration, and invasion, hemizygous Ptpn23(+/-) loss increases integrin β1-dependent B cell lymphoma survival and dissemination. Finally, we reveal frequent PTPN23 deletion and downregulation in human tumors that correlates with poor survival. Altogether, we establish HD-PTP/PTPN23 as a prominent haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene preventing tumor progression through control of integrin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Manteghi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Dmitri Kharitidi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Luc Galarneau
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maud Marques
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Regina Cencic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Francis Robert
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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30
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Ma H, Wardega P, Mazaud D, Klosowska-Wardega A, Jurek A, Engström U, Lennartsson J, Heldin CH. Histidine-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor intracellular sorting and degradation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2209-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Parkinson MDJ, Piper SC, Bright NA, Evans JL, Boname JM, Bowers K, Lehner PJ, Luzio JP. A non-canonical ESCRT pathway, including histidine domain phosphotyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP), is used for down-regulation of virally ubiquitinated MHC class I. Biochem J 2015; 471:79-88. [PMID: 26221024 PMCID: PMC4613529 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) K3 viral gene product effectively down-regulates cell surface MHC class I. K3 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes Lys(63)-linked polyubiquitination of MHC class I, providing the signal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Endocytosis is followed by sorting into the intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and eventual delivery to lysosomes. The sorting of MHC class I into MVBs requires many individual proteins of the four endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs). In HeLa cells expressing the KSHV K3 ubiquitin ligase, the effect of RNAi-mediated depletion of individual proteins of the ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-I complexes and three ESCRT-III proteins showed that these are required to down-regulate MHC class I. However, depletion of proteins of the ESCRT-II complex or of the ESCRT-III protein, VPS20 (vacuolar protein sorting 20)/CHMP6 (charged MVB protein 6), failed to prevent the loss of MHC class I from the cell surface. Depletion of histidine domain phosphotyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP) resulted in an increase in the cell surface concentration of MHC class I in HeLa cells expressing the KSHV K3 ubiquitin ligase. Rescue experiments with wild-type (WT) and mutant HD-PTP supported the conclusion that HD-PTP acts as an alternative to ESCRT-II and VPS20/CHMP6 as a link between the ESCRT-I and those ESCRT-III protein(s) necessary for ILV formation. Thus, the down-regulation of cell surface MHC class I, polyubiquitinated by the KSHV K3 ubiquitin ligase, does not employ the canonical ESCRT pathway, but instead utilizes an alternative pathway in which HD-PTP replaces ESCRT-II and VPS20/CHMP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D J Parkinson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Siân C Piper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Jennifer L Evans
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Jessica M Boname
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Katherine Bowers
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, U.K.
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32
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Missing-in-Metastasis regulates cell motility and invasion via PTPδ-mediated changes in SRC activity. Biochem J 2015; 465:89-101. [PMID: 25287652 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MIM (Missing-in-Metastasis), also known as MTSS1 (metastasis suppressor 1), is a scaffold protein that is down-regulated in multiple metastatic cancer cell lines compared with non-metastatic counterparts. MIM regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and actin polymerization, and has been implicated in the control of cell motility and invasion. MIM has also been shown to bind to a receptor PTP (protein tyrosine phosphatase), PTPδ, an interaction that may provide a link between tyrosine-phosphorylation-dependent signalling and metastasis. We used shRNA-mediated gene silencing to investigate the consequences of loss of MIM on the migration and invasion of the MCF10A mammary epithelial cell model of breast cancer. We observed that suppression of MIM by RNAi enhanced migration and invasion of MCF10A cells, effects that were associated with increased levels of PTPδ. Furthermore, analysis of human clinical data indicated that PTPδ was elevated in breast cancer samples when compared with normal tissue. We demonstrated that the SRC protein tyrosine kinase is a direct substrate of PTPδ and, upon suppression of MIM, we observed changes in the phosphorylation status of SRC; in particular, the inhibitory site (Tyr527) was hypophosphorylated, whereas the activating autophosphorylation site (Tyr416) was hyperphosphorylated. Thus the absence of MIM led to PTPδ-mediated activation of SRC. Finally, the SRC inhibitor SU6656 counteracted the effects of MIM suppression on cell motility and invasion. The present study illustrates that both SRC and PTPδ have the potential to be therapeutic targets for metastatic tumours associated with loss of MIM.
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33
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Hatzihristidis T, Desai N, Hutchins AP, Meng TC, Tremblay ML, Miranda-Saavedra D. A Drosophila-centric view of protein tyrosine phosphatases. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:951-66. [PMID: 25771859 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most of our knowledge on protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is derived from human pathologies and mouse knockout models. These models largely correlate well with human disease phenotypes, but can be ambiguous due to compensatory mechanisms introduced by paralogous genes. Here we present the analysis of the PTP complement of the fruit fly and the complementary view that PTP studies in Drosophila will accelerate our understanding of PTPs in physiological and pathological conditions. With only 44 PTP genes, Drosophila represents a streamlined version of the human complement. Our integrated analysis places the Drosophila PTPs into evolutionary and functional contexts, thereby providing a platform for the exploitation of the fly for PTP research and the transfer of knowledge onto other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri Hatzihristidis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikita Desai
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Diego Miranda-Saavedra
- World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; IE Business School, IE University, María de Molina 31 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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34
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Ramesh M, Krishnan N, Muthuswamy SK, Tonks NK. A novel phosphatidic acid-protein-tyrosine phosphatase D2 axis is essential for ERBB2 signaling in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9646-59. [PMID: 25681440 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a loss-of-function screen to investigate the role of classical protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in three-dimensional mammary epithelial cell morphogenesis and ERBB2 signaling. The study revealed a novel role for PTPD2 as a positive regulator of ERBB2 signaling. Suppression of PTPD2 attenuated the ERBB2-induced multiacinar phenotype in three-dimensional cultures specifically by inhibiting ERBB2-mediated loss of polarity and lumen filling. In contrast, overexpression of PTPD2 enhanced the ERBB2 phenotype. We also found that a lipid second messenger, phosphatidic acid, bound PTPD2 in vitro and enhanced its catalytic activity. Small molecule inhibitors of phospholipase D (PLD), an enzyme that produces phosphatidic acid in cells, also attenuated the ERBB2 phenotype. Exogenously added phosphatidic acid rescued the PLD-inhibition phenotype, but only when PTPD2 was present. These findings illustrate a novel pathway involving PTPD2 and the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid that promotes ERBB2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathangi Ramesh
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, the Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, and
| | - Navasona Krishnan
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, the Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724,
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35
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Husedzinovic A, Neumann B, Reymann J, Draeger-Meurer S, Chari A, Erfle H, Fischer U, Gruss OJ. The catalytically inactive tyrosine phosphatase HD-PTP/PTPN23 is a novel regulator of SMN complex localization. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:161-71. [PMID: 25392300 PMCID: PMC4294665 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This first systematic and comprehensive screen of human phosphatases for a regulatory role in the survival motor neuron (SMN) complex identifies the catalytically inactive, non–receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase PTPN23/HD-PTP as a novel SMN complex regulator. PTPN23 maintains a highly phosphorylated state of SMN, which is important for its function in snRNP assembly. The survival motor neuron (SMN) complex fulfils essential functions in the assembly of snRNPs, which are key components in the splicing of pre-mRNAs. Little is known about the regulation of SMN complex activity by posttranslational modification despite its complicated phosphorylation pattern. Several phosphatases had been implicated in the regulation of SMN, including the nuclear phosphatases PPM1G and PP1γ. Here we systematically screened all human phosphatase gene products for a regulatory role in the SMN complex. We used the accumulation of SMN in Cajal bodies of intact proliferating cells, which actively assemble snRNPs, as a readout for unperturbed SMN complex function. Knockdown of 29 protein phosphatases interfered with SMN accumulation in Cajal bodies, suggesting impaired SMN complex function, among those the catalytically inactive, non–receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase PTPN23/HD-PTP. Knockdown of PTPN23 also led to changes in the phosphorylation pattern of SMN without affecting the assembly of the SMN complex. We further show interaction between SMN and PTPN23 and document that PTPN23, like SMN, shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. Our data provide the first comprehensive screen for SMN complex regulators and establish a novel regulatory function of PTPN23 in maintaining a highly phosphorylated state of SMN, which is important for its proper function in snRNP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Husedzinovic
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility Programme, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Reymann
- ViroQuant-CellNetworks RNAi Screening Facility, BioQuant Centre, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Draeger-Meurer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashwin Chari
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- ViroQuant-CellNetworks RNAi Screening Facility, BioQuant Centre, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Lee H, Yi JS, Lawan A, Min K, Bennett AM. Mining the function of protein tyrosine phosphatases in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 37:66-72. [PMID: 25263013 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of human health and it is now clear that PTP dysfunction is causal to a variety of human diseases. Research in the PTP field has accelerated dramatically over the last decade fueled by cutting-edge technologies in genomic and proteomic techniques. This system-wide non-biased approach when applied to the discovery of PTP function has led to the elucidation of new and unanticipated roles for the PTPs. These discoveries, driven by genomic and proteomic approaches, have uncovered novel PTP findings that range from those that describe fundamental cell signaling mechanisms to implications for PTPs as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disease. This review will discuss how new PTP functions have been uncovered through studies that have utilized genomic and proteomic technologies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ahmed Lawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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The role of Bro1- domain-containing protein Myopic in endosomal trafficking of Wnt/Wingless. Dev Biol 2014; 392:93-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Krishnan N, Koveal D, Miller DH, Xue B, Akshinthala SD, Kragelj J, Jensen MR, Gauss CM, Page R, Blackledge M, Muthuswamy SK, Peti W, Tonks NK. Targeting the disordered C terminus of PTP1B with an allosteric inhibitor. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:558-66. [PMID: 24845231 PMCID: PMC4062594 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PTP1B, a validated therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity, has a critical positive role in HER2 signaling in breast tumorigenesis. Efforts to develop therapeutic inhibitors of PTP1B have been frustrated by the chemical properties of the active site. We define a new mechanism of allosteric inhibition that targets the C-terminal, noncatalytic segment of PTP1B. We present what is to our knowledge the first ensemble structure of PTP1B containing this intrinsically disordered segment, within which we identified a binding site for the small-molecule inhibitor MSI-1436. We demonstrate binding to a second site close to the catalytic domain, with cooperative effects between the two sites locking PTP1B in an inactive state. MSI-1436 antagonized HER2 signaling, inhibited tumorigenesis in xenografts and abrogated metastasis in the NDL2 mouse model of breast cancer, validating inhibition of PTP1B as a therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. This new approach to inhibition of PTP1B emphasizes the potential of disordered segments of proteins as specific binding sites for therapeutic small molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Allosteric Site/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Catalytic Domain
- Cholestanes/chemistry
- Cholestanes/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spermine/analogs & derivatives
- Spermine/chemistry
- Spermine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Navasona Krishnan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Dorothy Koveal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Daniel H. Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Bin Xue
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | | | - Jaka Kragelj
- Protein Dynamics and Flexibility, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, CEA, CNRS, UJF UMR 5075, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble 38027, France
| | - Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen
- Protein Dynamics and Flexibility, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, CEA, CNRS, UJF UMR 5075, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble 38027, France
| | - Carla-Maria Gauss
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Protein Dynamics and Flexibility, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, CEA, CNRS, UJF UMR 5075, 41 Rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble 38027, France
| | - Senthil K. Muthuswamy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Nicholas K. Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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Reiterer V, Eyers PA, Farhan H. Day of the dead: pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases in physiology and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:489-505. [PMID: 24818526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudophosphatases and pseudokinases are increasingly viewed as integral elements of signaling pathways, and there is mounting evidence that they have frequently retained the ability to interact with cellular 'substrates', and can exert important roles in different diseases. However, these pseudoenzymes have traditionally received scant attention compared to classical kinases and phosphatases. In this review we explore new findings in the emerging pseudokinase and pseudophosphatase fields, and discuss their different modes of action which include exciting new roles as scaffolds, anchors, spatial modulators, traps, and ligand-driven regulators of canonical kinases and phosphatases. Thus, it is now apparent that pseudokinases and pseudophosphatases both support and drive a panoply of signaling networks. Finally, we highlight recent evidence on their involvement in human pathologies, marking them as potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Reiterer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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40
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Teckchandani A, Laszlo GS, Simó S, Shah K, Pilling C, Strait AA, Cooper JA. Cullin 5 destabilizes Cas to inhibit Src-dependent cell transformation. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:509-20. [PMID: 24284072 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.127829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation-dependent protein ubiquitylation and degradation provides an irreversible mechanism to terminate protein kinase signaling. Here, we report that mammary epithelial cells require cullin-5-RING-E3-ubiquitin-ligase complexes (Cul5-CRLs) to prevent transformation by a Src-Cas signaling pathway. Removal of Cul5 stimulates growth-factor-independent growth and migration, membrane dynamics and colony dysmorphogenesis, which are all dependent on the endogenous tyrosine kinase Src. Src is activated in Cul5-deficient cells, but Src activation alone is not sufficient to cause transformation. We found that Cul5 and Src together stimulate degradation of the Src substrate p130Cas (Crk-associated substrate). Phosphorylation stimulates Cas binding to the Cul5-CRL adaptor protein SOCS6 and consequent proteasome-dependent degradation. Cas is necessary for the transformation of Cul5-deficient cells. Either knockdown of SOCS6 or use of a degradation-resistant Cas mutant stimulates membrane ruffling, but not other aspects of transformation. Our results show that endogenous Cul5 suppresses epithelial cell transformation by several pathways, including inhibition of Src-Cas-induced ruffling through SOCS6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Teckchandani
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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41
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Motaghed M, Al-Hassan FM, Hamid SS. Thymoquinone regulates gene expression levels in the estrogen metabolic and interferon pathways in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:8-16. [PMID: 24270600 PMCID: PMC3868490 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
New drugs are continuously being developed for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Thymoquinone is one of the drugs that exhibits anticancer characteristics based on in vivo and in vitro models. This study further investigates the effects of thymoquinone on human gene expression using cDNA microarray technology. The quantification of RNA samples was carried out using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser to determine the RNA integrity number (RIN). The Agilent Low Input Quick Amplification Labelling kit was used to generate cRNA in two-color microarray analysis. Samples with RIN >9.0 were used in this study. The universal human reference RNA was used as the common reference. The samples were labelled with cyanine-3 (cye-3) CTP dye and the universal human reference was labelled with cyanine-5 (cye-5) CTP dye. cRNA was purified with the RNeasy Plus Mini kit and quantified using a NanoDrop 2000c spectrophotometer. The arrays were scanned data analysed using Feature Extraction and GeneSpring software. Two-step qRT-PCR was selected to determine the relative gene expression using the High Capacity RNA-to-cDNA kit. The results from Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, indicated that 8 GO terms were related to biological processes (84%) and molecular functions (16%). A total of 577 entities showed >2-fold change in expression. Of these entities, 45.2% showed an upregulation and 54.7% showed a downregulation in expression. The interpretation of single experiment analysis (SEA) revealed that the cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8 (UGT1A8) genes in the estrogen metabolic pathway were downregulated significantly by 43- and 11‑fold, respectively. The solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc-system), member 11 (SLC7A11) gene in the interferon pathway, reported to be involved in the development of chemoresistance, was downregulated by 15‑fold. The interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT)1, IFIT2, IFIT3, interferon, α-inducible protein (IFI)6 (also known as G1P3), interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9, ISGF3), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46 kDa (OAS1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) genes all showed changes in expression following treatment with thymoquinone. The caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP10) gene was activated and the protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, R (PTPRR) and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) genes were upregulated in the classical MAPK and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings indicate that thymquinone targets specific genes in the estrogen metabolic and interferon pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaneh Motaghed
- Oncology and Radiological Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
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42
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Boivin B, Chaudhary F, Dickinson BC, Haque A, Pero SC, Chang CJ, Tonks NK. Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase α regulates focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and ErbB2 oncoprotein-mediated mammary epithelial cell motility. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36926-35. [PMID: 24217252 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of protein-tyrosine phosphatase α (PTPα) in regulating signaling by the ErbB2 oncoprotein in mammary epithelial cells. Using this model, we demonstrated that activation of ErbB2 led to the transient inactivation of PTPα, suggesting that attenuation of PTPα activity may contribute to enhanced ErbB2 signaling. Furthermore, RNAi-induced suppression of PTPα led to increased cell migration in an ErbB2-dependent manner. The ability of ErbB2 to increase cell motility in the absence of PTPα was characterized by prolonged interaction of GRB7 with ErbB2 and increased association of ErbB2 with a β1-integrin-rich complex, which depended on GRB7-SH2 domain interactions. Finally, suppression of PTPα resulted in increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase on Tyr-407, which induced the recruitment of vinculin and the formation of a novel focal adhesion kinase complex in response to ErbB2 activation in mammary epithelial cells. Collectively, these results reveal a new role for PTPα in the regulation of motility of mammary epithelial cells in response to ErbB2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Boivin
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
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43
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Kharitidi D, Manteghi S, Pause A. Pseudophosphatases: methods of analysis and physiological functions. Methods 2013; 65:207-18. [PMID: 24064037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are key enzymes in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and signaling pathways. Strikingly, not all PTPs bear enzymatic activity. A considerable fraction of PTPs are enzymatically inactive and are known as pseudophosphatases. Despite the lack of activity they execute pivotal roles in development, cell biology and human disease. The present review is focused on the methods used to identify pseudophosphatases, their targets, and physiological roles. We present a strategy for detailed enzymatic analysis of inactive PTPs, regulation of inactive PTP domains and identification of binding partners. Furthermore, we provide a detailed overview of human pseudophosphatases and discuss their regulation of cellular processes and functions in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Kharitidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 3655, Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Sanaz Manteghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 3655, Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 3655, Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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44
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Tanaka K, Kondo K, Kitajima K, Muraoka M, Nozawa A, Hara T. Tumor-suppressive function of protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 23 in testicular germ cell tumors is lost upon overexpression of miR142-3p microRNA. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23990-9. [PMID: 23843459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 23 (PTPN23) is a candidate tumor suppressor involved in the tumorigenesis of various organs. However, its physiological role(s) and detailed expression profile(s) have not yet been elucidated. We investigated the function and regulation of PTPN23 in the formation of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Expression of PTPN23 in human TGCT cell lines was significantly lower than that in spermatogonial stem cells in mice. Overexpression of PTPN23 in NEC8, a human TGCT cell line, suppressed soft agar colony formation in vitro and tumor formation in nude mice in vivo. These data indicate that PTPN23 functions as a tumor suppressor in TGCTs. Multiple computational algorithms predicted that the 3' UTR of human PTPN23 is a target for miR-142-3p. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-142-3p bound directly to the 3' UTR of PTPN23. Introduction of pre-miR-142 in the PTPN23 transfectant of NEC8 led to suppressed expression of PTPN23 and increased soft agar colony formation. Quantitative RT-PCR data revealed a significantly higher expression of miR-142-3p in human seminomas compared with normal testes. No difference in mRNA expression between seminoma and non-seminoma samples was detected by in situ hybridization. Both quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PTPN23 expression was significantly lower in TGCTs than in normal testicular tissues. Finally, a lack of PTPN23 protein expression in human TGCTs correlated with a relatively higher miR-142-3p expression. These data suggest that PTPN23 is a tumor suppressor and that repression of PTPN23 expression by miR-142-3p plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Tanaka
- Stem Cell Project Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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45
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Dave RK, Dinger ME, Andrew M, Askarian-Amiri M, Hume DA, Kellie S. Regulated expression of PTPRJ/CD148 and an antisense long noncoding RNA in macrophages by proinflammatory stimuli. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68306. [PMID: 23840844 PMCID: PMC3695918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPRJ/CD148 is a tyrosine phosphatase that has tumour suppressor-like activity. Quantitative PCR of various cells and tissues revealed that it is preferentially expressed in macrophage-enriched tissues. Within lymphoid tissues immunohistochemistry revealed that PTPRJ/CD148 co-localised with F4/80, indicating that macrophages most strongly express the protein. Macrophages express the highest basal level of ptprj, and this is elevated further by treatment with LPS and other Toll-like receptor ligands. In contrast, CSF-1 treatment reduced basal and stimulated Ptprj expression in human and mouse cells, and interferon also repressed Ptprj expression. We identified a 1006 nucleotide long noncoding RNA species, Ptprj-as1 that is transcribed antisense to Ptprj. Ptprj-as1 was highly expressed in macrophage-enriched tissue and was transiently induced by Toll-like receptor ligands with a similar time course to Ptprj. Finally, putative transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of Ptprj were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa K. Dave
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Cooperative Research Centre for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (CRC-CID), Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australia
| | - Marcel E. Dinger
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Megan Andrew
- The University of Queensland, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australia
| | - Marjan Askarian-Amiri
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A. Hume
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Cooperative Research Centre for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (CRC-CID), Brisbane, Australia
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Kellie
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Cooperative Research Centre for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases (CRC-CID), Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australia
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Martín-Pérez J, Elson A, Pulido R. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as novel targets in breast cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:211-26. [PMID: 23756181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is linked to hyperactivation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), and recent studies have unveiled that selective tyrosine dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) of specific substrates, including PTKs, may activate or inactivate oncogenic pathways in human breast cancer cell growth-related processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of PTPs in breast cancer, as major regulators of breast cancer therapy-targeted PTKs, such as HER1/EGFR, HER2/Neu, and Src. The functional interplay between PTKs and PTK-activating or -inactivating PTPs, and its implications in novel breast cancer therapies based on targeting of specific PTPs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital de Cruces, Plaza Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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47
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Pashkova N, Gakhar L, Winistorfer SC, Sunshine AB, Rich M, Dunham MJ, Yu L, Piper RC. The yeast Alix homolog Bro1 functions as a ubiquitin receptor for protein sorting into multivesicular endosomes. Dev Cell 2013; 25:520-33. [PMID: 23726974 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins into lumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies is mediated by the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) apparatus and accessory proteins such as Bro1, which recruits the deubiquitinating enzyme Doa4 to remove ubiquitin from cargo. Here we propose that Bro1 works as a receptor for the selective sorting of ubiquitinated cargoes. We found synthetic genetic interactions between BRO1 and ESCRT-0, suggesting that Bro1 functions similarly to ESCRT-0. Multiple structural approaches demonstrated that Bro1 binds ubiquitin via the N-terminal trihelical arm of its middle V domain. Mutants of Bro1 that lack the ability to bind Ub were dramatically impaired in their ability to sort Ub-cargo membrane proteins, but only when combined with hypomorphic alleles of ESCRT-0. These data suggest that Bro1 and other Bro1 family members function in parallel with ESCRT-0 to recognize and sort Ub-cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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48
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D'Antonio M, Ciccarelli FD. Integrated analysis of recurrent properties of cancer genes to identify novel drivers. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R52. [PMID: 23718799 PMCID: PMC4054099 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-5-r52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cancer genomes in terms of acquired mutations complicates the identification of genes whose modification may exert a driver role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we present a novel method that integrates expression profiles, mutation effects, and systemic properties of mutated genes to identify novel cancer drivers. We applied our method to ovarian cancer samples and were able to identify putative drivers in the majority of carcinomas without mutations in known cancer genes, thus suggesting that it can be used as a complementary approach to find rare driver mutations that cannot be detected using frequency-based approaches.
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49
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50
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Krishnan N, Bencze G, Cohen P, Tonks NK. The anti-inflammatory compound BAY-11-7082 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases. FEBS J 2013; 280:2830-41. [PMID: 23578302 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The families of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function in a coordinated manner to regulate signal transduction events that are critical for cellular homeostasis. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting from disruption of either PTP or PTK function, has been shown to be the cause of major human diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Consequently, the characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of these kinases and phosphatases may not only provide molecular probes with which to define the significance of particular signaling events, but also may have therapeutic implications. BAY-11-7082 is an anti-inflammatory compound that has been reported to inhibit IκB kinase activity. The compound has an α,β-unsaturated electrophilic center, which confers the property of being a Michael acceptor; this suggests that it may react with nucleophilic cysteine-containing proteins, such as PTPs. In this study, we demonstrated that BAY-11-7082 was a potent, irreversible inhibitor of PTPs. Using mass spectrometry, we have shown that BAY-11-7082 inactivated PTPs by forming a covalent adduct with the active-site cysteine. Administration of the compound caused an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in RAW 264 macrophages, similar to the effects of the generic PTP inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. These data illustrate that BAY-11-7082 is an effective pan-PTP inhibitor with cell permeability, revealing its potential as a new probe for chemical biology approaches to the study of PTP function. Furthermore, the data suggest that inhibition of PTP function may contribute to the many biological effects of BAY-11-7082 that have been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navasona Krishnan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724-2208, USA
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