1
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Rezi CK, Aslanyan MG, Diwan GD, Cheng T, Chamlali M, Junger K, Anvarian Z, Lorentzen E, Pauly KB, Afshar-Bahadori Y, Fernandes EF, Qian F, Tosi S, Christensen ST, Pedersen SF, Strømgaard K, Russell RB, Miner JH, Mahjoub MR, Boldt K, Roepman R, Pedersen LB. DLG1 functions upstream of SDCCAG3 and IFT20 to control ciliary targeting of polycystin-2. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3040-3063. [PMID: 38849673 PMCID: PMC11239879 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polarized vesicular trafficking directs specific receptors and ion channels to cilia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we describe a role for DLG1, a core component of the Scribble polarity complex, in regulating ciliary protein trafficking in kidney epithelial cells. Conditional knockout of Dlg1 in mouse kidney causes ciliary elongation and cystogenesis, and cell-based proximity labeling proteomics and fluorescence microscopy show alterations in the ciliary proteome upon loss of DLG1. Specifically, the retromer-associated protein SDCCAG3, IFT20, and polycystin-2 (PC2) are reduced in the cilia of DLG1-deficient cells compared to control cells. This phenotype is recapitulated in vivo and rescuable by re-expression of wild-type DLG1, but not a Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)-associated DLG1 variant, p.T489R. Finally, biochemical approaches and Alpha Fold modelling suggest that SDCCAG3 and IFT20 form a complex that associates, at least indirectly, with DLG1. Our work identifies a key role for DLG1 in regulating ciliary protein composition and suggests that ciliary dysfunction of the p.T489R DLG1 variant may contribute to CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csenge K Rezi
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariam G Aslanyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaurav D Diwan
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed Chamlali
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrin Junger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zeinab Anvarian
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kleo B Pauly
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eduardo Fa Fernandes
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sébastien Tosi
- Danish BioImaging Infrastructure Image Analysis Core Facility (DBI-INFRA IACF), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stine F Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert B Russell
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Rezi CK, Aslanyan MG, Diwan GD, Cheng T, Chamlali M, Junger K, Anvarian Z, Lorentzen E, Pauly KB, Afshar-Bahadori Y, Fernandes EFA, Qian F, Tosi S, Christensen ST, Pedersen SF, Strømgaard K, Russell RB, Miner JH, Mahjoub MR, Boldt K, Roepman R, Pedersen LB. DLG1 functions upstream of SDCCAG3 and IFT20 to control ciliary targeting of polycystin-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.10.566524. [PMID: 37987012 PMCID: PMC10659422 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Polarized vesicular trafficking directs specific receptors and ion channels to cilia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we describe a role for DLG1, a core component of the Scribble polarity complex, in regulating ciliary protein trafficking in kidney epithelial cells. Conditional knockout of Dlg1 in mouse kidney caused ciliary elongation and cystogenesis, and cell-based proximity labelling proteomics and fluorescence microscopy showed alterations in the ciliary proteome upon loss of DLG1. Specifically, the retromer-associated protein SDCCAG3, IFT20 and polycystin-2 (PC2) were reduced in cilia of DLG1 deficient cells compared to control cells. This phenotype was recapitulated in vivo and rescuable by re-expression of wildtype DLG1, but not a Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)-associated DLG1 variant, p.T489R. Finally, biochemical approaches and Alpha Fold modelling suggested that SDCCAG3 and IFT20 form a complex that associates, at least indirectly, with DLG1. Our work identifies a key role for DLG1 in regulating ciliary protein composition and suggests that ciliary dysfunction of the p.T489R DLG1 variant may contribute to CAKUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csenge K. Rezi
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariam G. Aslanyan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gaurav D. Diwan
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Katrin Junger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kleo B. Pauly
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Eduardo F. A. Fernandes
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sébastien Tosi
- Danish BioImaging Infrastructure Image Analysis Core Facility (DBI-INFRA IACF), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Moe R. Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology Division) and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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3
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Riesmeijer SA, Kamali Z, Ng M, Drichel D, Piersma B, Becker K, Layton TB, Nanchahal J, Nothnagel M, Vaez A, Hennies HC, Werker PMN, Furniss D, Nolte IM. A genome-wide association meta-analysis implicates Hedgehog and Notch signaling in Dupuytren's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:199. [PMID: 38172110 PMCID: PMC10764787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a highly heritable fibrotic disorder of the hand with incompletely understood etiology. A number of genetic loci, including Wnt signaling members, have been previously identified. Our overall aim was to identify novel genetic loci, to prioritize genes within the loci for functional studies, and to assess genetic correlation with associated disorders. We performed a meta-analysis of six DD genome-wide association studies from three European countries and extensive bioinformatic follow-up analyses. Leveraging 11,320 cases and 47,023 controls, we identified 85 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms in 56 loci, of which 11 were novel, explaining 13.3-38.1% of disease variance. Gene prioritization implicated the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways. We also identified a significant genetic correlation with frozen shoulder. The pathways identified highlight the potential for new therapeutic targets and provide a basis for additional mechanistic studies for a common disorder that can severely impact hand function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Riesmeijer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Plastic Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zoha Kamali
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of bioinformatics, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael Ng
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and the Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bram Piersma
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and the Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of bioinformatics, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hans Christian Hennies
- Faculty of Medicine and the Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Paul M N Werker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Plastic Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Chi ZC. Hedgehog/GLI and gastric cancer: Research progress and current status. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:389-396. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i10.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog/GLI (Hh/GLI) is an important signaling pathway. It has been confirmed in various cancer studies that mutated or dysregulated Hh signals may be the behavioral phenotype of tumors, leading to the occurrence of various cancers. The abnormally activated Hh pathway endows tumor cells with a tendency to occur, proliferate, and migrate. In recent years, studies have found that the Hh signaling pathway induces gastric cancer (GC) invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition. This article reviews the research progress and current status of Hh/GLI related to GC. Unveiling the new veil of GC occurrence will open a new approach for targeted therapy of this malignancy.
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5
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Cuevas M, Terhune E, Wethey C, James M, Netsanet R, Grofova D, Monley A, Hadley Miller N. Cytoskeletal Keratins Are Overexpressed in a Zebrafish Model of Idiopathic Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051058. [PMID: 37239418 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a three-dimensional rotation of the spine >10 degrees with an unknown etiology. Our laboratory established a late-onset IS model in zebrafish (Danio rerio) containing a deletion in kif7. A total of 25% of kif7co63/co63 zebrafish develop spinal curvatures and are otherwise developmentally normal, although the molecular mechanisms underlying the scoliosis are unknown. To define transcripts associated with scoliosis in this model, we performed bulk mRNA sequencing on 6 weeks past fertilization (wpf) kif7co63/co63 zebrafish with and without scoliosis. Additionally, we sequenced kif7co63/co63, kif7co63/+, and AB zebrafish (n = 3 per genotype). Sequencing reads were aligned to the GRCz11 genome and FPKM values were calculated. Differences between groups were calculated for each transcript by the t-test. Principal component analysis showed that transcriptomes clustered by sample age and genotype. kif7 mRNA was mildly reduced in both homozygous and heterozygous zebrafish compared to AB. Sonic hedgehog target genes were upregulated in kif7co63/co63 zebrafish over AB, but no difference was detected between scoliotic and non-scoliotic mutants. The top upregulated genes in scoliotic zebrafish were cytoskeletal keratins. Pankeratin staining of 6 wpf scoliotic and non-scoliotic kif7co63/co63 zebrafish showed increased keratin levels within the zebrafish musculature and intervertebral disc (IVD). Keratins are major components of the embryonic notochord, and aberrant keratin expression has been associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in both zebrafish and humans. The role of increased keratin accumulation as a molecular mechanism associated with the onset of scoliosis warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cambria Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - MkpoutoAbasi James
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rahwa Netsanet
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Denisa Grofova
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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6
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Li X, Li G, Mizukami T, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu G, Roder H, Zhang L, Yang ZJ. PDLIM3 supports hedgehog signaling in medulloblastoma by facilitating cilia formation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1198-1210. [PMID: 36813922 PMCID: PMC10154305 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of PDLIM3 expression are frequently detected in sonic hedgehog (SHH) group of medulloblastoma (MB). However, the possible role of PDLIM3 in MB tumorigenesis is still unknown. Here, we found that PDLIM3 expression is necessary for hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation in MB cells. PDLIM3 is present in primary cilia of MB cells and fibroblasts, and such cilia localization is mediated by the PDZ domain of PDLIM3 protein. Deletion of PDLIM3 significantly compromised cilia formation and interfered the Hh signaling transduction in MB cells, suggesting that PDLIM3 promotes the Hh signaling through supporting the ciliogenesis. PDLIM3 protein physically interacts with cholesterol, a critical molecule for cilia formation and hedgehog signaling. The disruption of cilia formation and Hh signaling in PDLIM3 null MB cells or fibroblasts, was significantly rescued by treatment with exogenous cholesterol, demonstrating that PDLIM3 facilitates the ciliogenesis through cholesterol provision. Finally, deletion of PDLIM3 in MB cells significantly inhibited their proliferation and repressed tumor growth, suggesting that PDLIM3 is necessary for MB tumorigenesis. Our studies elucidate the critical functions of PDLIM3 in the ciliogenesis and Hh signaling transduction in SHH-MB cells, supporting to utilize PDLIM3 as a molecular marker for defining SHH group of MB in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cell Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xinhua Li
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gen Li
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Takuya Mizukami
- Molecular Therapeutic Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Heinrich Roder
- Molecular Therapeutic Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cell Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Jiang J. Hedgehog signaling mechanism and role in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:107-122. [PMID: 33836254 PMCID: PMC8492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling pathways has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including cancer. One such pathway is the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which was originally discovered in Drosophila and later found to play a fundamental role in human development and diseases. Abnormal Hh pathway activation is a major driver of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and medulloblastoma. Hh exerts it biological influence through a largely conserved signal transduction pathway from the activation of the GPCR family transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) to the conversion of latent Zn-finger transcription factors Gli/Ci proteins from their repressor (GliR/CiR) to activator (GliA/CiA) forms. Studies from model organisms and human patients have provided deep insight into the Hh signal transduction mechanisms, revealed roles of Hh signaling in a wide range of human cancers, and suggested multiple strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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8
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Kundu S, Nandhu MS, Longo SL, Longo JA, Rai S, Chin LS, Richardson TE, Viapiano MS. The scaffolding protein DLG5 promotes glioblastoma growth by controlling Sonic Hedgehog signaling in tumor stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1230-1242. [PMID: 34984467 PMCID: PMC9340653 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor invasion, a hallmark of malignant gliomas, involves reorganization of cell polarity and changes in the expression and distribution of scaffolding proteins associated with polarity complexes. The scaffolding proteins of the DLG family are usually downregulated in invasive tumors and regarded as tumor suppressors. Despite their important role in regulating neurodevelopmental signaling, the expression and functions of DLG proteins have remained almost entirely unexplored in malignant gliomas. METHODS Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and analysis of gene expression were used to quantify DLG members in glioma specimens and cancer datasets. Over-expression and knockdown of DLG5, the highest-expressed DLG member in glioblastoma, were used to investigate its effects on tumor stem cells and tumor growth. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and co-precipitation assays were used to investigate DLG5 signaling mechanisms. RESULTS DLG5 was upregulated in malignant gliomas compared to other solid tumors, being the predominant DLG member in all glioblastoma molecular subtypes. DLG5 promoted glioblastoma stem cell invasion, viability, and self-renewal. Knockdown of this protein in vivo disrupted tumor formation and extended survival. At the molecular level, DLG5 regulated Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling, making DLG5-deficient cells insensitive to Shh ligand. Loss of DLG5 increased the proteasomal degradation of Gli1, underlying the loss of Shh signaling and tumor stem cell sensitization. CONCLUSIONS The high expression and pro-tumoral functions of DLG5 in glioblastoma, including its dominant regulation of Shh signaling in tumor stem cells, reveal a novel role for this protein that is strikingly different from its proposed tumor-suppressor role in other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanath Kundu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mohan S Nandhu
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L Longo
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - John A Longo
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Shawn Rai
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence S Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mariano S Viapiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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9
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Liu YC, Wierbowski BM, Salic A. Hedgehog pathway modulation by glypican 3-conjugated heparan sulfate. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274739. [PMID: 35142364 PMCID: PMC8977055 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypicans are a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that play critical roles in multiple cell signaling pathways. Glypicans consist of a globular core, an unstructured stalk modified with sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Though these structural features are conserved, their individual contribution to glypican function remains obscure. Here, we investigate how glypican 3 (GPC3), which is mutated in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel tissue overgrowth syndrome, regulates Hedgehog signaling. We find that GPC3 is necessary for the Hedgehog response, surprisingly controlling a downstream signal transduction step. Purified GPC3 ectodomain rescues signaling when artificially recruited to the surface of GPC3-deficient cells but has dominant-negative activity when unattached. Strikingly, the purified stalk, modified with heparan sulfate but not chondroitin sulfate, is necessary and sufficient for activity. Our results demonstrate a novel function for GPC3-associated heparan sulfate and provide a framework for the functional dissection of glycosaminoglycans by in vivo biochemical complementation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Cherry Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biology, Hood College, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | | | - Adrian Salic
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Marquez J, Mann N, Arana K, Deniz E, Ji W, Konstantino M, Mis EK, Deshpande C, Jeffries L, McGlynn J, Hugo H, Widmeier E, Konrad M, Tasic V, Morotti R, Baptista J, Ellard S, Lakhani SA, Hildebrandt F, Khokha MK. DLG5 variants are associated with multiple congenital anomalies including ciliopathy phenotypes. J Med Genet 2021; 58:453-464. [PMID: 32631816 PMCID: PMC7785698 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilia are dynamic cellular extensions that generate and sense signals to orchestrate proper development and tissue homeostasis. They rely on the underlying polarisation of cells to participate in signalling. Cilia dysfunction is a well-known cause of several diseases that affect multiple organ systems including the kidneys, brain, heart, respiratory tract, skeleton and retina. METHODS Among individuals from four unrelated families, we identified variants in discs large 5 (DLG5) that manifested in a variety of pathologies. In our proband, we also examined patient tissues. We depleted dlg5 in Xenopus tropicalis frog embryos to generate a loss-of-function model. Finally, we tested the pathogenicity of DLG5 patient variants through rescue experiments in the frog model. RESULTS Patients with variants of DLG5 were found to have a variety of phenotypes including cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations. We also observed a loss of cilia in cystic kidney tissue of our proband. Knockdown of dlg5 in Xenopus embryos recapitulated many of these phenotypes and resulted in a loss of cilia in multiple tissues. Unlike introduction of wildtype DLG5 in frog embryos depleted of dlg5, introduction of DLG5 patient variants was largely ineffective in restoring proper ciliation and tissue morphology in the kidney and brain suggesting that the variants were indeed detrimental to function. CONCLUSION These findings in both patient tissues and Xenopus shed light on how mutations in DLG5 may lead to tissue-specific manifestations of disease. DLG5 is essential for cilia and many of the patient phenotypes are in the ciliopathy spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Marquez
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathya Arana
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Engin Deniz
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Monica Konstantino
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily K Mis
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Lauren Jeffries
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie McGlynn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eugen Widmeier
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Konrad
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Raffaella Morotti
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia Baptista
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Saquib Ali Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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11
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Terhune EA, Cuevas MT, Monley AM, Wethey CI, Chen X, Cattell MV, Bayrak MN, Bland MR, Sutphin B, Trahan GD, Taylor MRG, Niswander LA, Jones KL, Baschal EE, Antunes L, Dobbs M, Gurnett C, Appel B, Gray R, Hadley Miller N. Mutations in KIF7 implicated in idiopathic scoliosis in humans and axial curvatures in zebrafish. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:392-407. [PMID: 33382518 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a spinal disorder affecting up to 3% of otherwise healthy children. IS has a strong familial genetic component and is believed to be genetically complex due to significant variability in phenotype and heritability. Previous studies identified putative loci and variants possibly contributing to IS susceptibility, including within extracellular matrix, cilia, and actin networks, but the genetic architecture and underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing from three affected individuals in a multigenerational family with IS and identified 19 uncommon variants (minor allele frequency < 0.05). Genotyping of additional family members identified a candidate heterozygous variant (H1115Q, G>C, rs142032413) within the ciliary gene KIF7, a regulator within the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Resequencing of the second cohort of unrelated IS individuals and controls identified several severe mutations in KIF7 in affected individuals only. Subsequently, we generated a mutant zebrafish model of kif7 using CRISPR-Cas9. kif7co63/co63 zebrafish displayed severe scoliosis, presenting in juveniles and progressing through adulthood. We observed no deformities in the brain, Reissner fiber, or central canal cilia in kif7co63/co63 embryos, although alterations were seen in Hh pathway gene expression. This study suggests defects in KIF7-dependent Hh signaling, which may drive pathogenesis in a subset of individuals with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa T Cuevas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna M Monley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cambria I Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiaomi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria V Cattell
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melisa N Bayrak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatrics Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Morgan R Bland
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brittan Sutphin
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - George Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin E Baschal
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lilian Antunes
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew Dobbs
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christina Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatrics Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy Hadley Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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12
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Luo J, Zhou P, Guo X, Wang D, Chen J. The polarity protein Dlg5 regulates collective cell migration during Drosophila oogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226061. [PMID: 31856229 PMCID: PMC6922378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective migration plays critical roles in animal development, physiological events, and cancer metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms of collective cell migration are not well understood. Drosophila border cells represent an excellent in vivo genetic model to study collective cell migration and identify novel regulatory genes for cell migration. Using the Mosaic Analysis with a Repressible Cell Marker (MARCM) system, we screened 240 P-element insertion lines to identify essential genes for border cell migration. Two genes were uncovered, including dlg5 (discs large 5) and CG31689. Further analysis showed that Dlg5 regulates the apical-basal polarity and cluster integrity in border cell clusters. Dlg5 is enriched in lateral surfaces between border cells and central polar cells but also shows punctate localization between border cells. We found that the distribution of Dlg5 in border cell clusters is regulated by Armadillo. Structure-function analysis revealed that the N-terminal Coiled-coil domain and the C-terminal PDZ3-PDZ4-SH3-GUK domains but not the PDZ1-PDZ2 domains of Dlg5 are required for BC migration. The Coiled-coil domain and the PDZ4-SH3-GUK domains are critical for Dlg5’s cell surface localization in border cell clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JC)
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (JC)
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13
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Plasmid BMP-2–embedded gelatin sponge as a gene-activated matrix for preosteoblast differentiation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kwan J, Sczaniecka A, Heidary Arash E, Nguyen L, Chen CC, Ratkovic S, Klezovitch O, Attisano L, McNeill H, Emili A, Vasioukhin V. DLG5 connects cell polarity and Hippo signaling protein networks by linking PAR-1 with MST1/2. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2696-2709. [PMID: 28087714 PMCID: PMC5238729 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284539.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, Kwan et al. investigated the mechanisms connecting cell polarity proteins with intracellular signaling pathways. They found that DLG5 functions as an evolutionarily conserved scaffold and negative regulator of Hippo signaling, demonstrating a direct connection between cell polarity proteins and Hippo that is needed for proper development of multicellular organisms. Disruption of apical–basal polarity is implicated in developmental disorders and cancer; however, the mechanisms connecting cell polarity proteins with intracellular signaling pathways are largely unknown. We determined previously that membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) functions in cell polarity and regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation via undefined mechanisms. We report here that DLG5 functions as an evolutionarily conserved scaffold and negative regulator of Hippo signaling, which controls organ size through the modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Affinity purification/mass spectrometry revealed a critical role of DLG5 in the formation of protein assemblies containing core Hippo kinases mammalian ste20 homologs 1/2 (MST1/2) and Par-1 polarity proteins microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1/2/3 (MARK1/2/3). Consistent with this finding, Hippo signaling is markedly hyperactive in mammalian Dlg5−/− tissues and cells in vivo and ex vivo and in Drosophila upon dlg5 knockdown. Conditional deletion of Mst1/2 fully rescued the phenotypes of brain-specific Dlg5 knockout mice. Dlg5 also interacts genetically with Hippo effectors Yap1/Taz. Mechanistically, we show that DLG5 inhibits the association between MST1/2 and large tumor suppressor homologs 1/2 (LATS1/2), uses its scaffolding function to link MST1/2 with MARK3, and inhibits MST1/2 kinase activity. These data reveal a direct connection between cell polarity proteins and Hippo, which is essential for proper development of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kwan
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Anna Sczaniecka
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emad Heidary Arash
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liem Nguyen
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Srdjana Ratkovic
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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15
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Pak E, Segal RA. Hedgehog Signal Transduction: Key Players, Oncogenic Drivers, and Cancer Therapy. Dev Cell 2017; 38:333-44. [PMID: 27554855 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway governs complex developmental processes, including proliferation and patterning within diverse tissues. These activities rely on a tightly regulated transduction system that converts graded Hh input signals into specific levels of pathway activity. Uncontrolled activation of Hh signaling drives tumor initiation and maintenance. However, recent entry of pathway-specific inhibitors into the clinic reveals mixed patient responses and thus prompts further exploration of pathway activation and inhibition. In this review, we share emerging insights into regulated and oncogenic Hh signaling, supplemented with updates on the development and use of Hh pathway-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pak
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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16
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Wessler S, Krisch LM, Elmer DP, Aberger F. From inflammation to gastric cancer - the importance of Hedgehog/GLI signaling in Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:15. [PMID: 28427431 PMCID: PMC5397778 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are closely associated with the development of inflammatory disorders and neoplastic transformation of the gastric epithelium. Drastic changes in the micromilieu involve a complex network of H. pylori-regulated signal transduction pathways leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, gut hormones and a wide range of signaling molecules. Besides controlling embryonic development, the Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway also plays important roles in epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of the gastric physiology, but also in the induction and progression of inflammation and neoplastic transformation in H. pylori infections. Here, we summarize recent findings of H. pylori-associated Hedgehog/GLI signaling in gastric homeostasis, malignant development and the modulation of the gastric tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Wessler
- Division of Microbiology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Billroth Strasse 11, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Linda M Krisch
- Division of Microbiology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Billroth Strasse 11, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dominik P Elmer
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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17
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Wu F, Zhang Y, Sun B, McMahon AP, Wang Y. Hedgehog Signaling: From Basic Biology to Cancer Therapy. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:252-280. [PMID: 28286127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway was discovered originally as a key pathway in embryonic patterning and development. Since its discovery, it has become increasingly clear that the HH pathway also plays important roles in a multitude of cancers. Therefore, HH signaling has emerged as a therapeutic target of interest for cancer therapy. In this review, we provide a brief overview of HH signaling and the key molecular players involved and offer an up-to-date summary of our current knowledge of endogenous and exogenous small molecules that modulate HH signaling. We discuss experiences and lessons learned from the decades-long efforts toward the development of cancer therapies targeting the HH pathway. Challenges to develop next-generation cancer therapies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Liu M, Li Y, Liu A, Li R, Su Y, Du J, Li C, Zhu AJ. The exon junction complex regulates the splicing of cell polarity gene dlg1 to control Wingless signaling in development. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27536874 PMCID: PMC5008907 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling is conserved in all metazoan animals and plays critical roles in development. The Wg/Wnt morphogen reception is essential for signal activation, whose activity is mediated through the receptor complex and a scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dsh). We report here that the exon junction complex (EJC) activity is indispensable for Wg signaling by maintaining an appropriate level of Dsh protein for Wg ligand reception in Drosophila. Transcriptome analyses in Drosophila wing imaginal discs indicate that the EJC controls the splicing of the cell polarity gene discs large 1 (dlg1), whose coding protein directly interacts with Dsh. Genetic and biochemical experiments demonstrate that Dlg1 protein acts independently from its role in cell polarity to protect Dsh protein from lysosomal degradation. More importantly, human orthologous Dlg protein is sufficient to promote Dvl protein stabilization and Wnt signaling activity, thus revealing a conserved regulatory mechanism of Wg/Wnt signaling by Dlg and EJC. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17200.001 Animal development involves different signaling pathways that coordinate complex behaviors of the cells, such as changes in cell number or cell shape. One such pathway involves a protein called Wingless/Wnt, which controls cell fate and growth and is also involved in tumor formation in humans. In recent decades, scientists have made a lot of progress in understanding how this signaling pathway operates. However, it is not well understood how the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway interacts with other regulatory networks during development. Now, Liu, Li et al. unveil a new regulatory network that controls the Wingless/Wnt pathway in fruit flies and in mammalian cells grown in the laboratory. The experiments show that an RNA binding protein family named the Exon Junction Complex positively regulates a protein called Dishevelled, which serves as a hub in the Wingless/Wnt pathway. The Exon Junction Complex keeps the amount of Dishevelled protein in check via an interaction with another protein referred to as Discs large. Further experiments indicated that Discs large binds to and protects Dishevelled from being degraded inside the cell. Liu et al.'s findings highlight a new control mechanism for the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. In the future, the findings may also aid the development of new approaches to prevent or treat birth defects and cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17200.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Minstry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Minstry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Minstry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Minstry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Minstry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Dlg5 maintains apical polarity by promoting membrane localization of Crumbs during Drosophila oogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26553. [PMID: 27211898 PMCID: PMC4876392 DOI: 10.1038/srep26553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical-basal polarity plays critical roles in the functions of epithelial tissues. However, the mechanisms of epithelial polarity establishment and maintenance remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family protein Dlg5 is required for the maintenance of apical polarity of follicle epithelium during Drosophila oogenesis. Dlg5 localizes at the apical membrane and adherens junction (AJ) of follicle epithelium in early stage egg chambers. Specifically, we demonstrate that the major function of Dlg5 is to promote apical membrane localization of Crumbs, since overexpression of Crumbs but not other major apical or AJ components could rescue epithelial polarity defects resulted from loss of Dlg5. Furthermore, we performed a structure-function analysis of Dlg5 and found that the C-terminal PDZ3 and PDZ4 domains are required for all Dlg5’s functions as well as its ability to localize to apical membrane. The N-terminal coiled-coil motif could be individually targeted to the apical membrane, while the central linker region could be targeted to AJ. Lastly, the MAGUK core domains of PDZ4-SH3-GUK could be individually targeted to apical, AJ and basolateral membranes.
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20
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The presence of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and its signaling components in the neurons of the hippocampus raises a question about what role the Shh signaling pathway may play in these neurons. We show here that activation of the Shh signaling pathway stimulates axon elongation in rat hippocampal neurons. This Shh-induced effect depends on the pathway transducer Smoothened (Smo) and the transcription factor Gli1. The axon itself does not respond directly to Shh; instead, the Shh signal transduction originates from the somatodendritic region of the neurons and occurs in neurons with and without detectable primary cilia. Upon Shh stimulation, Smo localization to dendrites increases significantly. Shh pathway activation results in increased levels of profilin1 (Pfn1), an actin-binding protein. Mutations in Pfn1's actin-binding sites or reduction of Pfn1 eliminate the Shh-induced axon elongation. These findings indicate that Shh can regulate axon growth, which may be critical for development of hippocampal neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although numerous signaling mechanisms have been identified that act directly on axons to regulate their outgrowth, it is not known whether signals transduced in dendrites may also affect axon outgrowth. We describe here a transcellular signaling pathway in embryonic hippocampal neurons in which activation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) receptors in dendrites stimulates axon growth. The pathway involves the dendritic-membrane-associated Shh signal transducer Smoothened (Smo) and the transcription factor Gli, which induces the expression of the gene encoding the actin-binding protein profilin 1. Our findings suggest scenarios in which stimulation of Shh in dendrites results in accelerated outgrowth of the axon, which therefore reaches its presumptive postsynaptic target cell more quickly. By this mechanism, Shh may play critical roles in the development of hippocampal neuronal circuits.
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21
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Pal K, Hwang SH, Somatilaka B, Badgandi H, Jackson PK, DeFea K, Mukhopadhyay S. Smoothened determines β-arrestin-mediated removal of the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr161 from the primary cilium. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:861-75. [PMID: 27002170 PMCID: PMC4810300 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in membrane protein composition of the primary cilium are central to development and homeostasis, but we know little about mechanisms regulating membrane protein flux. Stimulation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway in vertebrates results in accumulation and activation of the effector Smoothened within cilia and concomitant disappearance of a negative regulator, the orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Gpr161. Here, we describe a two-step process determining removal of Gpr161 from cilia. The first step involves β-arrestin recruitment by the signaling competent receptor, which is facilitated by the GPCR kinase Grk2. An essential factor here is the ciliary trafficking and activation of Smoothened, which by increasing Gpr161-β-arrestin binding promotes Gpr161 removal, both during resting conditions and upon Shh pathway activation. The second step involves clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which functions outside of the ciliary compartment in coordinating Gpr161 removal. Mechanisms determining dynamic compartmentalization of Gpr161 in cilia define a new paradigm for down-regulation of GPCRs during developmental signaling from a specialized subcellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Pal
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bandarigoda Somatilaka
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Hemant Badgandi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kathryn DeFea
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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22
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Arensdorf AM, Marada S, Ogden SK. Smoothened Regulation: A Tale of Two Signals. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:62-72. [PMID: 26432668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (Smo) is the signal transducer of the developmentally and therapeutically relevant Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Although recent structural analyses have advanced our understanding of Smo biology, several questions remain. Chief among them are the identity of its natural ligand, the regulatory processes controlling its activation, and the mechanisms by which it signals to downstream effectors. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries from multiple model systems that have set the stage for solving these mysteries. We focus on the roles of distinct Smo functional domains, post-translational modifications, and trafficking, and conclude by discussing their contributions to signal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Arensdorf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS#340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Suresh Marada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS#340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS#340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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23
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Schou KB, Pedersen LB, Christensen ST. Ins and outs of GPCR signaling in primary cilia. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1099-113. [PMID: 26297609 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized microtubule-based signaling organelles that convey extracellular signals into a cellular response in most vertebrate cell types. The physiological significance of primary cilia is underscored by the fact that defects in assembly or function of these organelles lead to a range of severe diseases and developmental disorders. In most cell types of the human body, signaling by primary cilia involves different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which transmit specific signals to the cell through G proteins to regulate diverse cellular and physiological events. Here, we provide an overview of GPCR signaling in primary cilia, with main focus on the rhodopsin-like (class A) and the smoothened/frizzled (class F) GPCRs. We describe how such receptors dynamically traffic into and out of the ciliary compartment and how they interact with other classes of ciliary GPCRs, such as class B receptors, to control ciliary function and various physiological and behavioral processes. Finally, we discuss future avenues for developing GPCR-targeted drug strategies for the treatment of ciliopathies.
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