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Clemmensen SB, Frederiksen H, Mengel-From J, Heikkinen A, Kaprio J, Hjelmborg JVB. Novel epigenetic biomarkers for hematopoietic cancer found in twins. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:710-717. [PMID: 39295308 PMCID: PMC11423697 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.40700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This article aims to identify epigenetic markers and detect early development of hematopoietic malignancies through an epigenome wide association study of DNA methylation data. MATERIALS AND METHODS This register-based study includes 1,085 Danish twins with 31 hematopoietic malignancies and methylation levels from 450,154 5'-C-phospate-G-3' (CpG) sites. Associations between methylation levels and incidence of hematopoietic malignancy is studied through time-to-event regression. The matched case-cotwin design, where one twin has a malignancy and the cotwin does not, is applied to enhance control for unmeasured shared confounding and false discoveries. Predictive performance is validated in the independent Older Finnish Twin Cohort. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION We identified 67 epigenetic markers for hematopoietic malignancies of which 12 are linked to genes associated with hematologic malignancies. For some markers, we discovered a 2-3-fold relative risk difference for high versus low methylation. The identification of these 67 sites enabled the formation of a predictor demonstrating a cross-validated time-varying area under the curve (AUC) of 92% 3 years after individual blood sampling and persistent performance above 70% up to 6 years after blood sampling. This predictive performance was to a large extent recovered in the validation sample showing an overall Harrell's C of 73%. In conclusion, from a large population representative twin study on hematopoietic cancers, novel epigenetic markers were identified that may prove useful for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe B Clemmensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Frederiksen
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aino Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacob vB Hjelmborg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Janssens DH, Duran M, Otto DJ, Wu W, Xu Y, Kirkey D, Mullighan CG, Yi JS, Meshinchi S, Sarthy JF, Ahmad K, Henikoff S. KMT2A oncoproteins induce epigenetic resistance to targeted therapies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.29.573681. [PMID: 38234854 PMCID: PMC10793413 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the Lysine-Methyl-Transferase-2A ( KMT2A ) locus generate potent oncogenic fusion proteins (oncoproteins) that disrupt regulation of developmental gene expression. By profiling the oncoprotein-target sites of 36 broadly representative KMT2A -rearranged leukemia samples, including three samples that underwent a lymphoid-to-myeloid lineage-switching event in response to therapy, we find the genomic enrichment of the oncoprotein is highly variable between samples and subject to dynamic regulation. At high levels of expression, the oncoproteins preferentially activate either an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) program, enriched for pro-B-cell genes, or an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) program, enriched for hematopoietic-stem-cell genes. The fusion-partner-specific-binding patterns over these gene sets are highly correlated with the prevalence of each mutation in ALL versus AML. In lineage-switching samples the oncoprotein levels are reduced and the oncoproteins preferentially activate granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) genes. In a sample that lineage switched during treatment with the menin inhibitor revumenib, the oncoprotein and menin are reduced to undetectable levels, but ENL, a transcriptional cofactor of the oncoprotein, persists on numerous oncoprotein-target loci, including genes in the GMP-like lineage-switching program. We propose KMT2A oncoproteins promote lineage-switching events through dynamic chromatin binding and can induce epigenetic lesions, marked by ENL, that support resistance to targeted therapies.
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3
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Filiú-Braga LDC, Bogéa GMR, de Assis AJB, Pittella-Silva F, Saldanha-Araujo F. GLP and G9a histone methyltransferases as potential therapeutic targets for lymphoid neoplasms. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:243. [PMID: 38997742 PMCID: PMC11249034 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are enzymes that regulate histone methylation and play an important role in controlling transcription by altering the chromatin structure. Aberrant activation of HMTs has been widely reported in certain types of neoplastic cells. Among them, G9a/EHMT2 and GLP/EHMT1 are crucial for H3K9 methylation, and their dysregulation has been associated with tumor initiation and progression in different types of cancer. More recently, it has been shown that G9a and GLP appear to play a critical role in several lymphoid hematologic malignancies. Importantly, the key roles played by both enzymes in various diseases made them attractive targets for drug development. In fact, in recent years, several groups have tried to develop small molecule inhibitors targeting their epigenetic activities as potential anticancer therapeutic tools. In this review, we discuss the physiological role of GLP and G9a, their oncogenic functions in hematologic malignancies of the lymphoid lineage, and the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drugs targeting G9a/GLP for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alan Jhones Barbosa de Assis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.
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4
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Choi HS, Kim BS, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D. Leukemic Stem Cells and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6639. [PMID: 38928344 PMCID: PMC11203822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia development has been widely established in the context of genetic alterations, epigenetic pathways, and signaling pathway regulation. Hematopoietic stem cells are at the top of the bone marrow hierarchy and can self-renew and progressively generate blood and immune cells. The microenvironment, niche cells, and complex signaling pathways that regulate them acquire genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to aging, a chronic inflammatory environment, stress, and cancer, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell dysregulation and the production of abnormal blood and immune cells, leading to hematological malignancies and blood cancer. Cells that acquire these mutations grow at a faster rate than other cells and induce clone expansion. Excessive growth leads to the development of blood cancers. Standard therapy targets blast cells, which proliferate rapidly; however, LSCs that can induce disease recurrence remain after treatment, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. To overcome these limitations, researchers have focused on the characteristics and signaling systems of LSCs and therapies that target them to block LSCs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the types of hematopoietic malignancies, the characteristics of leukemic stem cells that cause them, the mechanisms by which these cells acquire chemotherapy resistance, and the therapies targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seon Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lu G, Li Q. The controlling nutritional status score as a predictor of survival in hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1402328. [PMID: 38938670 PMCID: PMC11208478 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1402328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The controlling nutritional status score (CONUT) has been widely used for ascertaining the prognosis of various cancers. However, its use in patients with hematological malignancies remains unclear. This review examined evidence on the utility of CONUT as a prognostic marker for patients with hematological malignancies. Methods All cohort studies that examined the association between CONUT and outcomes of hematological malignancies and were published on the databases of Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched from the inception of the databases to 30 January 2024. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 23 studies were available for review. A meta-analysis of 22 studies showed that high CONUT was significantly associated with poor OS in patients with hematological malignancies (HR: 1.95 95% CI: 1.62, 2.35 I 2 = 89%). The results remained unchanged on sensitivity and subgroup analyses based on study location, sample size, diagnosis, CONUT cutoff, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score. Only six studies reported data on PFS, and the pooled analysis found that high CONUT was a significant marker for poor PFS in patients with hematological malignancies [hazards ratio (HR): 1.64 95% CI: 1.21, 2.20 I 2 = 70%]. These results, too, maintained significance in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion CONUT is an independent predictor of poor OS in patients with hematological malignancies. The results appear to be valid across different cancer types and with different CONUT cutoffs. Scarce data also suggest that CONUT could predict PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Lu
- Department of Laboratory, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Endoscopy, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Torres-Llanos Y, Zabaleta J, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Quijano S, Guzmán PC, de los Reyes I, Poveda-Garavito N, Infante A, Lopez-Kleine L, Combita AL. MIR4435-2HG as a possible novel predictive biomarker of chemotherapy response and death in pediatric B-cell ALL. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1385140. [PMID: 38745909 PMCID: PMC11091394 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1385140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) survival rates have improved in recent years, Hispanic children continue to have poorer survival rates. There are few tools available to identify at the time of diagnosis whether the patient will respond to induction therapy. Our goal was to identify predictive biomarkers of treatment response, which could also serve as prognostic biomarkers of death, by identifying methylated and differentially expressed genes between patients with positive minimal residual disease (MRD+) and negative minimal residual disease (MRD-). Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from tumor blasts separated by immunomagnetic columns. Illumina MethlationEPIC and mRNA sequencing assays were performed on 13 bone marrows from Hispanic children with B-cell ALL. Partek Flow was used for transcript mapping and quantification, followed by differential expression analysis using DEseq2. DNA methylation analyses were performed with Partek Genomic Suite and Genome Studio. Gene expression and differential methylation were compared between patients with MRD-/- and MRD+/+ at the end of induction chemotherapy. Overexpressed and hypomethylated genes were selected and validated by RT-qPCR in samples of an independent validation cohort. The predictive ability of the genes was assessed by logistic regression. Survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the association of genes with death. Results: DAPK1, BOC, CNKSR3, MIR4435-2HG, CTHRC1, NPDC1, SLC45A3, ITGA6, and ASCL2 were overexpressed and hypomethylated in MRD+/+ patients. Overexpression was also validated by RT-qPCR. DAPK1, BOC, ASCL2, and CNKSR3 can predict refractoriness, but MIR4435-2HG is the best predictor. Additionally, higher expression of MIR4435-2HG increases the probability of non-response, death, and the risk of death. Finally, MIR4435-2HG overexpression, together with MRD+, are associated with poorer survival, and together with overexpression of DAPK1 and ASCL2, it could improve the risk classification of patients with normal karyotype. Conclusion: MIR4435-2HG is a potential predictive biomarker of treatment response and death in children with B-cell ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Sandra Quijano
- Department of Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Ana Infante
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Cancer Biology Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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7
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Nuno K, Azizi A, Koehnke T, Lareau C, Ediriwickrema A, Corces MR, Satpathy AT, Majeti R. Convergent epigenetic evolution drives relapse in acute myeloid leukemia. eLife 2024; 13:e93019. [PMID: 38647535 PMCID: PMC11034943 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly aggressive and often treatment refractory. We analyzed previously published AML relapse cohorts and found that 40% of relapses occur without changes in driver mutations, suggesting that non-genetic mechanisms drive relapse in a large proportion of cases. We therefore characterized epigenetic patterns of AML relapse using 26 matched diagnosis-relapse samples with ATAC-seq. This analysis identified a relapse-specific chromatin accessibility signature for mutationally stable AML, suggesting that AML undergoes epigenetic evolution at relapse independent of mutational changes. Analysis of leukemia stem cell (LSC) chromatin changes at relapse indicated that this leukemic compartment underwent significantly less epigenetic evolution than non-LSCs, while epigenetic changes in non-LSCs reflected overall evolution of the bulk leukemia. Finally, we used single-cell ATAC-seq paired with mitochondrial sequencing (mtscATAC) to map clones from diagnosis into relapse along with their epigenetic features. We found that distinct mitochondrially-defined clones exhibit more similar chromatin accessibility at relapse relative to diagnosis, demonstrating convergent epigenetic evolution in relapsed AML. These results demonstrate that epigenetic evolution is a feature of relapsed AML and that convergent epigenetic evolution can occur following treatment with induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Nuno
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Armon Azizi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- University of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineUnited States
| | - Thomas Koehnke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Caleb Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Program in Immunology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Asiri Ediriwickrema
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Program in Immunology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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8
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Homan CC, Drazer MW, Yu K, Lawrence DM, Feng J, Arriola-Martinez L, Pozsgai MJ, McNeely KE, Ha T, Venugopal P, Arts P, King-Smith SL, Cheah J, Armstrong M, Wang P, Bödör C, Cantor AB, Cazzola M, Degelman E, DiNardo CD, Duployez N, Favier R, Fröhling S, Rio-Machin A, Klco JM, Krämer A, Kurokawa M, Lee J, Malcovati L, Morgan NV, Natsoulis G, Owen C, Patel KP, Preudhomme C, Raslova H, Rienhoff H, Ripperger T, Schulte R, Tawana K, Velloso E, Yan B, Kim E, Sood R, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Phillips K, Poplawski NK, Babic M, Wei AH, Forsyth C, Mar Fan H, Lewis ID, Cooney J, Susman R, Fox LC, Blombery P, Singhal D, Hiwase D, Phipson B, Schreiber AW, Hahn CN, Scott HS, Liu P, Godley LA, Brown AL. Somatic mutational landscape of hereditary hematopoietic malignancies caused by germline variants in RUNX1, GATA2, and DDX41. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6092-6107. [PMID: 37406166 PMCID: PMC10582382 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with germ line variants associated with hereditary hematopoietic malignancies (HHMs) have a highly variable risk for leukemogenesis. Gaps in our understanding of premalignant states in HHMs have hampered efforts to design effective clinical surveillance programs, provide personalized preemptive treatments, and inform appropriate counseling for patients. We used the largest known comparative international cohort of germline RUNX1, GATA2, or DDX41 variant carriers without and with hematopoietic malignancies (HMs) to identify patterns of genetic drivers that are unique to each HHM syndrome before and after leukemogenesis. These patterns included striking heterogeneity in rates of early-onset clonal hematopoiesis (CH), with a high prevalence of CH in RUNX1 and GATA2 variant carriers who did not have malignancies (carriers-without HM). We observed a paucity of CH in DDX41 carriers-without HM. In RUNX1 carriers-without HM with CH, we detected variants in TET2, PHF6, and, most frequently, BCOR. These genes were recurrently mutated in RUNX1-driven malignancies, suggesting CH is a direct precursor to malignancy in RUNX1-driven HHMs. Leukemogenesis in RUNX1 and DDX41 carriers was often driven by second hits in RUNX1 and DDX41, respectively. This study may inform the development of HHM-specific clinical trials and gene-specific approaches to clinical monitoring. For example, trials investigating the potential benefits of monitoring DDX41 carriers-without HM for low-frequency second hits in DDX41 may now be beneficial. Similarly, trials monitoring carriers-without HM with RUNX1 germ line variants for the acquisition of somatic variants in BCOR, PHF6, and TET2 and second hits in RUNX1 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Homan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael W. Drazer
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Intramural Research, Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David M. Lawrence
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jinghua Feng
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luis Arriola-Martinez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Pozsgai
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelsey E. McNeely
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thuong Ha
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Parvathy Venugopal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah L. King-Smith
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jesse Cheah
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark Armstrong
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Wang
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erin Degelman
- Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nicolas Duployez
- Laboratory of Hematology, Biology and Pathology Center, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Remi Favier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau Children's Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Rio-Machin
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alwin Krämer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Luca Malcovati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Neil V. Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carolyn Owen
- Division of Hematology and Hematological Malignancies, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keyur P. Patel
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Laboratory of Hematology, Biology and Pathology Center, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Sud, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rachael Schulte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kiran Tawana
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Velloso
- Service of Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy and Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31) HCFMUSP, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Erika Kim
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Raman Sood
- Division of Intramural Research, Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Amy P. Hsu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M. Holland
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kerry Phillips
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicola K. Poplawski
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Milena Babic
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew H. Wei
- Department of Haematology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecily Forsyth
- Central Coast Haematology, North Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Mar Fan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian D. Lewis
- Adelaide Oncology & Haematology, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian Cooney
- Department of Haematology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel Susman
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucy C. Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Piers Blombery
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deepak Singhal
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Devendra Hiwase
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Belinda Phipson
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas W. Schreiber
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Liu
- Division of Intramural Research, Oncogenesis and Development Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lucy A. Godley
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, and The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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9
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Nuno KA, Azizi A, Köhnke T, Lareau CA, Ediwirickrema A, Ryan Corces M, Satpathy AT, Majeti R. Convergent Epigenetic Evolution Drives Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561642. [PMID: 37873452 PMCID: PMC10592718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly aggressive and often treatment refractory. We analyzed previously published AML relapse cohorts and found that 40% of relapses occur without changes in driver mutations, suggesting that non-genetic mechanisms drive relapse in a large proportion of cases. We therefore characterized epigenetic patterns of AML relapse using 26 matched diagnosis-relapse samples with ATAC-seq. This analysis identified a relapse-specific chromatin accessibility signature for mutationally stable AML, suggesting that AML undergoes epigenetic evolution at relapse independent of mutational changes. Analysis of leukemia stem cell (LSC) chromatin changes at relapse indicated that this leukemic compartment underwent significantly less epigenetic evolution than non-LSCs, while epigenetic changes in non-LSCs reflected overall evolution of the bulk leukemia. Finally, we used single-cell ATAC-seq paired with mitochondrial sequencing (mtscATAC) to map clones from diagnosis into relapse along with their epigenetic features. We found that distinct mitochondrially-defined clones exhibit more similar chromatin accessibility at relapse relative to diagnosis, demonstrating convergent epigenetic evolution in relapsed AML. These results demonstrate that epigenetic evolution is a feature of relapsed AML and that convergent epigenetic evolution can occur following treatment with induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Nuno
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed to this work equally
| | - Armon Azizi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California
- These authors contributed to this work equally
| | - Thomas Köhnke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asiri Ediwirickrema
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Farrag EK, Aziz WM, Shaker SE, Shawky H, Fayed DB. Toxicological profiling of a de novo synthesized benzimidazole derivative with potent and selective proapoptotic potentials against breast cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114049. [PMID: 37734466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the toxicological profile of 1-(6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl) ethanone (BMPE), both in vitro and in vivo. The proapoptotic/necrotic and cell cycle arrest potentials of BMPE were assessed in MCF-7 cell line. The in vivo toxicology was assessed in female Balb/c mice by repeated dosing of 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 21 consecutive days, then different biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative markers were assessed in sera/tissue homogenates of treated animals. The new derivative showed a potent selective cytotoxicity against malignant cell lines with IC50 value 0.2 μM/mL, while the cytotoxic effect on normal Wi-38 cells was observed at IC50 value 0.4 μM/mL; i.e. twofold the effective anticancer dose. BMPE exhibited an early DNA fragmentation-derived cell apoptosis observed at the G0/G1 checkpoint. In vivo, BMPE was biochemically/immunologically tolerable at a pharmacological dose range of 5-25 mg/kg, with no significant rates of mortality/morbidity and minimal-to-moderate histopathological alterations recorded. The new derivative represents an attractive therapeutic candidate for breast cancer, considering its noticeable modulatory effect on the oxidative-inflammatory axis that would relate to its potent antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal K Farrag
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sylvia E Shaker
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Shawky
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalia B Fayed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Jeong Y, Kim SB, Yang CE, Yu MS, Choi WS, Jeon Y, Lim JY. Overcoming the therapeutic limitations of EZH2 inhibitors in Burkitt's lymphoma: a comprehensive study on the combined effects of MS1943 and Ibrutinib. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1252658. [PMID: 37752998 PMCID: PMC10518396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) are both key factors involved in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. Clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of various EZH2 inhibitors, which target the methyltransferase activity of EZH2, for the treatment of lymphomas. However, despite their ability to effectively reduce the H3K27me3 levels, these inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in blocking the proliferation of lymphoma cells. To overcome this challenge, we employed a hydrophobic tagging approach utilizing MS1943, a selective EZH2 degrader. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of two drugs, the FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitor Tazemetostat, currently undergoing clinical trials, and the novel drug MS1943, on Burkitt's lymphoma. Furthermore, we assessed the potential synergistic effect of combining these drugs with the BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib. In this study, we evaluated the effects of combination therapy with MS1943 and Ibrutinib on the proliferation of three Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, namely RPMI1788, Ramos, and Daudi cells. Our results demonstrated that the combination of MS1943 and Ibrutinib significantly suppressed cell proliferation to a greater extent compared to the combination of Tazemetostat and Ibrutinib. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of action and found that the combination therapy of MS1943 and Ibrutinib led to the upregulation of miR29B-mediated p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis PUMA, BAX, cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3 in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. These findings highlight the potential of this innovative therapeutic strategy as an alternative to traditional EZH2 inhibitors, offering promising prospects for improving treatment outcomes in Burkitt's lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurim Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Been Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Su Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Anti-aging Health Care, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Jeon
- Department of Hematology, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kagan AB, Garrison DA, Anders NM, Webster J, Baker SD, Yegnasubramanian S, Rudek MA. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor exposure-response: Challenges and opportunities. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1309-1322. [PMID: 37345219 PMCID: PMC10432879 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), such as azacitidine and decitabine, are used extensively in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, there remain unanswered questions about DNMTi's mechanism of action and predictors of clinical response. Because patients often remain on single-agent DNMTis or DNMTi-containing regimens for several months before knowing whether clinical benefit can be achieved, the development and clinical validation of response-predictive biomarkers represents an important unmet need in oncology. In this review, we will summarize the clinical studies that led to the approval of azacitidine and decitabine, as well as the real-world experience with these drugs. We will then focus on biomarker development for DNMTis-specifically, efforts at determining exposure-response relationships and challenges that remain impacting the broader clinical translation of these methods. We will highlight recent progress in liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technology that has allowed for the simultaneous measurement of decitabine genomic incorporation and global DNA methylation, which has significant potential as a mechanism-of-action based biomarker in patients on DNMTis. Last, we will cover important research questions that need to be addressed in order to optimize this potential biomarker for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Kagan
- Department of Oncology, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dominique A. Garrison
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nicole M. Anders
- Department of Oncology, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jonathan A. Webster
- Department of Oncology, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Michelle A. Rudek
- Department of Oncology, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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13
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Pal D, Raj K, Nandi SS, Sinha S, Mishra A, Mondal A, Lagoa R, Burcher JT, Bishayee A. Potential of Synthetic and Natural Compounds as Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2808. [PMID: 37345145 PMCID: PMC10216849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that remove or add acetyl groups to lysine residues of histones, respectively. Histone deacetylation causes DNA to more snugly encircle histones and decreases gene expression, whereas acetylation has the opposite effect. Through these small alterations in chemical structure, HATs and HDACs regulate DNA expression. Recent research indicates histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) may be used to treat malignancies, including leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, virus-associated tumors, and multiple myeloma. These data suggest that HDACis may boost the production of immune-related molecules, resulting in the growth of CD8-positive T-cells and the recognition of nonreactive tumor cells by the immune system, thereby diminishing tumor immunity. The argument for employing epigenetic drugs in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is supported by evidence that both epigenetic changes and mutations in the epigenetic machinery contribute to AML etiology. Although hypomethylating drugs have been licensed for use in AML, additional epigenetic inhibitors, such as HDACis, are now being tested in humans. Preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of HDACis against AML have shown the ability of specific agents, such as anobinostat, vorinostat, and tricostatin A, to induce growth arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and cell death. However, these inhibitors do not seem to be successful as monotherapies, but instead achieve results when used in conjunction with other medications. In this article, we discuss the mounting evidence that HDACis promote extensive histone acetylation, as well as substantial increases in reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in hematological malignant cells. We also evaluate the potential of various natural product-based HDACis as therapeutic agents to combat hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, India
| | - Khushboo Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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14
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Yang FC, Agosto-Peña J. Epigenetic regulation by ASXL1 in myeloid malignancies. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:791-806. [PMID: 37062051 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are clonal hematopoietic disorders that are comprised of a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid malignancies are characterized by excessive proliferation, abnormal self-renewal, and/or differentiation defects of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitor cells hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Myeloid malignancies can be caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations that provoke key cellular functions, such as self-renewal, proliferation, biased lineage commitment, and differentiation. Advances in next-generation sequencing led to the identification of multiple mutations in myeloid neoplasms, and many new gene mutations were identified as key factors in driving the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. The polycomb protein ASXL1 was identified to be frequently mutated in all forms of myeloid malignancies, with mutational frequencies of 20%, 43%, 10%, and 20% in MDS, CMML, MPN, and AML, respectively. Significantly, ASXL1 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis in all forms of myeloid malignancies. The fact that ASXL1 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in patients with CMML, MDS, and AML, points to the possibility that ASXL1 mutation is a key factor in the development of myeloid malignancies. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding myeloid malignancies with a specific focus on ASXL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Joel Agosto-Peña
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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15
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Andrades A, Peinado P, Alvarez-Perez JC, Sanjuan-Hidalgo J, García DJ, Arenas AM, Matia-González AM, Medina PP. SWI/SNF complexes in hematological malignancies: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:39. [PMID: 36810086 PMCID: PMC9942420 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases with varied molecular and phenotypical characteristics. SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) chromatin remodeling complexes play significant roles in the regulation of gene expression, being essential for processes such as cell maintenance and differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, alterations in SWI/SNF complex subunits, especially in ARID1A/1B/2, SMARCA2/4, and BCL7A, are highly recurrent across a wide variety of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Most genetic alterations cause a loss of function of the subunit, suggesting a tumor suppressor role. However, SWI/SNF subunits can also be required for tumor maintenance or even play an oncogenic role in certain disease contexts. The recurrent alterations of SWI/SNF subunits highlight not only the biological relevance of SWI/SNF complexes in hematological malignancies but also their clinical potential. In particular, increasing evidence has shown that mutations in SWI/SNF complex subunits confer resistance to several antineoplastic agents routinely used for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, mutations in SWI/SNF subunits often create synthetic lethality relationships with other SWI/SNF or non-SWI/SNF proteins that could be exploited therapeutically. In conclusion, SWI/SNF complexes are recurrently altered in hematological malignancies and some SWI/SNF subunits may be essential for tumor maintenance. These alterations, as well as their synthetic lethal relationships with SWI/SNF and non-SWI/SNF proteins, may be pharmacologically exploited for the treatment of diverse hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Andrades
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Paola Peinado
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830Present Address: The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Perez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuan-Hidalgo
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García
- grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto M. Arenas
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M. Matia-González
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro P. Medina
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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16
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Rahmati A, Mafi A, Soleymani F, Babaei Aghdam Z, Masihipour N, Ghezelbash B, Asemi R, Aschner M, Vakili O, Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Sharifi M, Azadi A, Mirzaei H, Aghadavod E. Circular RNAs: pivotal role in the leukemogenesis and novel indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149187. [PMID: 37124518 PMCID: PMC10140500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy and affected patients have poor overall survival (OS) rates. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a unique loop structure. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput RNA sequencing, many circRNAs have been identified exhibiting either up-regulation or down-regulation in AML patients compared with healthy controls. Recent studies have reported that circRNAs regulate leukemia cell proliferation, stemness, and apoptosis, both positively and negatively. Additionally, circRNAs could be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AML. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the regulatory roles and potentials of a number of dysregulated circRNAs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Rahmati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firooze Soleymani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Babaei Aghdam
- Imaging Sciences Research Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Masihipour
- Department of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Azadi, ; Esmat Aghadavod, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Azadi, ; Esmat Aghadavod, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
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17
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Wang X, Liu S, Yu J. Multi-lineage Differentiation from Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:159-175. [PMID: 38228964 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to differentiate and give rise to all mature blood cells. Commitment to differentiation progressively limits the self-renewal potential of the original HSCs by regulating the level of lineage-specific gene expression. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC differentiation toward erythroid, myeloid, and lymphocyte lineages. Moreover, we will decipher how the single-cell technologies advance the lineage-biased HSC subpopulations and their differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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18
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The role of post-transcriptional modifications during development. Biol Futur 2022:10.1007/s42977-022-00142-3. [PMID: 36481986 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile the existence of post-transcriptional modifications of RNA nucleotides has been known for decades, in most RNA species the exact positions of these modifications and their physiological function have been elusive until recently. Technological advances, such as high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods and nanopore-based mapping technologies, have made it possible to map the position of these modifications with single nucleotide accuracy, and genetic screens have uncovered the “writer”, “reader” and “eraser” proteins that help to install, interpret and remove such modifications, respectively. These discoveries led to intensive research programmes with the aim of uncovering the roles of these modifications during diverse biological processes. In this review, we assess novel discoveries related to the role of post-transcriptional modifications during animal development, highlighting how these discoveries can affect multiple aspects of development from fertilization to differentiation in many species.
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19
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang Y. The roles of histone modifications in tumorigenesis and associated inhibitors in cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:277-290. [PMID: 39036551 PMCID: PMC11256729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are key factors in chromatin packaging, and are responsible for gene regulation during cell fate determination and development. Abnormal alterations in histone modifications potentially affect the stability of the genome and disrupt gene expression patterns, leading to many diseases, including cancer. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that various histone modifications altered by aberrantly expressed modifier enzymes contribute to tumor development and metastasis through the induction of epigenetic, transcriptional, and phenotypic changes. In this review, we will discuss the existing histone modifications, both well-studied and rare ones, and their roles in solid tumors and hematopoietic cancers, to identify the molecular pathways involved and investigate targeted therapeutic drugs to reorganize the chromatin and enhance cancer treatment efficiency. Finally, clinical inhibitors of histone modifications are summarized to better understand the developmental stage of cancer therapy in using these drugs to inhibit the histone modification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Arif T. Lysosomes and Their Role in Regulating the Metabolism of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1410. [PMID: 36290314 PMCID: PMC9598322 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity to renew blood cells at all stages of life and are largely quiescent at a steady state. It is essential to understand the processes that govern quiescence in HSCs to enhance bone marrow transplantation. It is hypothesized that in their quiescent state, HSCs primarily use glycolysis for energy production rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, the HSC switch from quiescence to activation occurs along a continuous developmental path that is driven by metabolism. Specifying the metabolic regulation pathway of HSC quiescence will provide insights into HSC homeostasis for therapeutic application. Therefore, understanding the metabolic demands of HSCs at a steady state is key to developing innovative hematological therapeutics. Lysosomes are the major degradative organelle in eukaryotic cells. Catabolic, anabolic, and lysosomal function abnormalities are connected to an expanding list of diseases. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as control centers of cellular metabolism, particularly in HSC quiescence, and essential regulators of cell signaling have been found on the lysosomal membrane. In addition to autophagic processes, lysosomal activities have been shown to be crucial in sustaining quiescence by restricting HSCs access to a nutritional reserve essential for their activation into the cell cycle. Lysosomal activity may preserve HSC quiescence by altering glycolysis-mitochondrial biogenesis. The understanding of HSC metabolism has significantly expanded over the decade, revealing previously unknown requirements of HSCs in both their dividing (active) and quiescent states. Therefore, understanding the role of lysosomes in HSCs will allow for the development of innovative treatment methods based on HSCs to fight clonal hematopoiesis and HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Role of Sirtuins in the Pathobiology of Onco-Hematological Diseases: A PROSPERO-Registered Study and In Silico Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194611. [PMID: 36230534 PMCID: PMC9561980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aging of the hematological system can cause physiological disorders such as anemia, reduced immunity, and the increased incidence of blood cancer. Patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies comprise nearly 10% of all cancer deaths identified in international epidemiologic studies. Therefore, it is considered a public health problem worldwide. Scientific evidence demonstrates the important involvement of sirtuins (SIRTs) in the pathogenesis of several types of solid tumors. However, the role of SIRTs in the pathobiology of malignant hematological diseases has not yet been systematically reviewed. In this systematic review, we highlight the role of different SIRTs in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic leukemias, lymphoma and myeloma. Also, we performed a bioinformatic analysis to identify whether the expression of SIRTs is altered in onco-hematological diseases, such as lymphomas and leukemias. The advent of new applicability of SIRTs in the process of aging and hematological carcinogenesis may allow the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these diseases. Abstract The sirtuins (SIRT) gene family (SIRT1 to SIRT7) contains the targets implicated in cellular and organismal aging. The role of SIRTs expression in the pathogenesis and overall survival of patients diagnosed with solid tumors has been widely discussed. However, studies that seek to explain the role of these pathways in the hematopoietic aging process and the consequences of their instability in the pathogenesis of different onco-hematological diseases are still scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review (registered in PROSPERO database #CRD42022310079) and in silico analysis (based on GEPIA database) to discuss the role of SIRTs in the advancement of pathogenesis and/or prognosis for different hematological cancer types. In summary, given recent available scientific evidence and in silico gene expression analysis that supports the role of SIRTs in pathobiology of hematological malignances, such as leukemias, lymphomas and myeloma, it is clear the need for further high-quality research and clinical trials that expands the SIRT inhibition knowledge and its effect on controlling clonal progression caused by genomic instability characteristics of these diseases. Finally, SIRTs represent potential molecular targets in the control of the effects caused by aging on the failures of the hematopoietic system that can lead to the involvement of hematological neoplasms.
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22
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Recent Advances in PROTACs for Drug Targeted Protein Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810328. [PMID: 36142231 PMCID: PMC9499226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a heterobifunctional molecule. Typically, PROTAC consists of two terminals which are the ligand of the protein of interest (POI) and the specific ligand of E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, via a suitable linker. PROTAC degradation of the target protein is performed through the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The general process is that PROTAC binds to the target protein and E3 ligase to form a ternary complex and label the target protein with ubiquitination. The ubiquitinated protein is recognized and degraded by the proteasome in the cell. At present, PROTAC, as a new type of drug, has been developed to degrade a variety of cancer target proteins and other disease target proteins, and has shown good curative effects on a variety of diseases. For example, PROTACs targeting AR, BR, BTK, Tau, IRAK4, and other proteins have shown unprecedented clinical efficacy in cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammations, and other fields. Recently, PROTAC has entered a phase of rapid development, opening a new field for biomedical research and development. This paper reviews the various fields of targeted protein degradation by PROTAC in recent years and summarizes and prospects the hot targets and indications of PROTAC.
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23
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Yu Z, Zhou X, Wang X. Metabolic Reprogramming in Hematologic Malignancies: Advances and Clinical Perspectives. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2955-2963. [PMID: 35771627 PMCID: PMC9437558 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer progression. Metabolic activity supports tumorigenesis and tumor progression, allowing cells to uptake essential nutrients from the environment and use the nutrients to maintain viability and support proliferation. The metabolic pathways of malignant cells are altered to accommodate increased demand for energy, reducing equivalents, and biosynthetic precursors. Activated oncogenes coordinate with altered metabolism to control cell-autonomous pathways, which can lead to tumorigenesis when abnormalities accumulate. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that targeting metabolic features of hematologic malignancies is an appealing therapeutic approach. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in hematologic malignancies and potential therapeutic strategies to target cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xin Wang, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; Fax: 8653-1870-61197; E-mail: ; Xiangxiang Zhou, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; E-mail:
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Corresponding Authors: Xin Wang, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; Fax: 8653-1870-61197; E-mail: ; Xiangxiang Zhou, Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China. Phone: 8653-1687-76358; E-mail:
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24
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Sex differences in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2022; 4:185-191. [PMID: 36311819 PMCID: PMC9592170 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a continuous and well-regulated process requiring both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential for differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple studies indicate that sex hormones exert significant effects on not only hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, but also the development of hematopoietic lineages, resulting in sexual dimorphisms in normal hematopoiesis. Hematologic malignancies comprise a wide variety of cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative diseases. Overall, males are at greater risk and have worse prognosis for most of these malignancies compared with females. A better understanding of the differences between male and female could be of substantial value in research as well as clinical management.
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25
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Travaglini S, Gurnari C, Antonelli S, Silvestrini G, Noguera NI, Ottone T, Voso MT. The Anti-Leukemia Effect of Ascorbic Acid: From the Pro-Oxidant Potential to the Epigenetic Role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930205. [PMID: 35938170 PMCID: PMC9352950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data derived from high-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed a deeper understanding of the molecular landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic options, with a higher efficacy and a lower toxicity than conventional chemotherapy. In the antileukemia drug development scenario, ascorbic acid, a natural compound also known as Vitamin C, has emerged for its potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities on leukemic cells. However, the role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the treatment of AML has been debated for decades. Mechanistic insight into its role in many biological processes and, especially, in epigenetic regulation has provided the rationale for the use of this agent as a novel anti-leukemia therapy in AML. Acting as a co-factor for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), ascorbic acid is involved in the epigenetic regulations through the control of TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzymes, epigenetic master regulators with a critical role in aberrant hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In line with this discovery, great interest has been emerging for the clinical testing of this drug targeting leukemia epigenome. Besides its role in epigenetics, ascorbic acid is also a pivotal regulator of many physiological processes in human, particularly in the antioxidant cellular response, being able to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to prevent DNA damage and other effects involved in cancer transformation. Thus, for this wide spectrum of biological activities, ascorbic acid possesses some pharmacologic properties attractive for anti-leukemia therapy. The present review outlines the evidence and mechanism of ascorbic acid in leukemogenesis and its therapeutic potential in AML. With the growing evidence derived from the literature on situations in which the use of ascorbate may be beneficial in vitro and in vivo, we will finally discuss how these insights could be included into the rational design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Gurnari
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - S. Antonelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Silvestrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N. I. Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - T. Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M. T. Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: M. T. Voso,
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26
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Involvement of the PI3K/AKT Intracellular Signaling Pathway in the AntiCancer Activity of Hydroxytyrosol, a Polyphenol from Olea europaea, in Hematological Cells and Implication of HSP60 Levels in Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137053. [PMID: 35806065 PMCID: PMC9266908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main representative of polyphenols of olive oil, has been described as one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, also showing anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and anticancer activity in different type of cancers, but has been little studied in hematological neoplasms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anticancer potential of HT in acute human leukemia T cells (Jurkat and HL60) and the anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages (Raw264.7). For this, cytotoxicity tests were performed for HT, showing IC50 values, at 24 h, for Jurkat, HL60 and Raw264.7 cells, of 27.3 µg·mL−1, 109.8 µg·mL−1 and 45.7 µg·mL−1, respectively. At the same time, HT caused cell arrest in G0/G1 phase in both Jurkat and HL60 cells by increasing G0/G1 phase and significantly decreasing S phase. Apoptosis and cell cycle assays revealed an antiproliferative effect of HT, decreasing the percentage of dividing cells and increasing apoptosis. Furthermore, HT inhibited the PI3K signaling pathway and, consequently, the MAPK pathway was activated. Inflammation tests revealed that HT acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, reducing NO levels in Raw264.7 cells previously stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These processes were confirmed by the changes in the expression of the main markers of inflammation and cancer. In conclusion, HT has an anticancer and anti-inflammatory effect in the cell lines studied, which were Raw264.7, Jurkat, and HL60, and could be used as a natural drug in the treatment of liquid cancers, leukemias, myelomas and lymphomas.
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27
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Joshi K, Liu S, Breslin S J P, Zhang J. Mechanisms that regulate the activities of TET proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:363. [PMID: 35705880 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases consists of three members, TET1, TET2, and TET3. All three TET enzymes have Fe+2 and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenase activities, catalyzing the 1st step of DNA demethylation by converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and further oxidize 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Gene knockout studies demonstrated that all three TET proteins are involved in the regulation of fetal organ generation during embryonic development and normal tissue generation postnatally. TET proteins play such roles by regulating the expression of key differentiation and fate-determining genes via (1) enzymatic activity-dependent DNA methylation of the promoters and enhancers of target genes; and (2) enzymatic activity-independent regulation of histone modification. Interacting partner proteins and post-translational regulatory mechanisms regulate the activities of TET proteins. Mutations and dysregulation of TET proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, specifically cancers. Here, we summarize the research on the interaction partners and post-translational modifications of TET proteins. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which these partner proteins and modifications regulate TET functioning and target gene expression. Such information will help in the design of medications useful for targeted therapy of TET-mutant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Joshi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Shanhui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Peter Breslin S J
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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28
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Sparavier A, Di Croce L. Polycomb complexes in MLL-AF9-related leukemias. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101920. [PMID: 35609423 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
t(9;11)-Induced leukemia is present both in children and adults, and depending on age, can cause predominantly acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. In general, in infants, it is characterized by poor (ALL) or intermediate (AML) prognosis, whereas in adults, it is classified as being of intermediate-high risk [15,24,31]. Its hallmark is the chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 11, leading to the formation of the MLL-AF9 fusion gene. The expressed chimeric protein was shown to be crucial for leukemia progression. MLL-AF9 recruits - among other factors - the super elongation complex (SEC), leading to aberrant activation of target genes [4,5,9,17,24]. The Polycomb group of proteins plays crucial roles in many processes, such as embryogenesis, differentiation, and maintaining cell homeostasis, and recently reports linking it to MLL-AF9 have emerged. This review will focus on its role in t(9;11)-related leukemia, highlighting the possible therapeutic-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sparavier
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain. https://twitter.com/ASparavier
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain. https://twitter.com/ludicroce
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29
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Mahajan S, Aalhate M, Guru SK, Singh PK. Nanomedicine as a magic bullet for combating lymphoma. J Control Release 2022; 347:211-236. [PMID: 35533946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematological malignancy like lymphoma originates in lymph tissues and has a propensity to spread across other organs. Managing such tumors is challenging as conventional strategies like surgery and local treatment are not plausible options and there are high chances of relapse. The advent of novel targeted therapies and antibody-mediated treatments has proven revolutionary in the management of these tumors. Although these therapies have an added advantage of specificity in comparison to the traditional chemotherapy approach, such treatment alternatives suffer from the occurrence of drug resistance and dose-related toxicities. In past decades, nanomedicine has emerged as an excellent surrogate to increase the bioavailability of therapeutic moieties along with a reduction in toxicities of highly cytotoxic drugs. Nanotherapeutics achieve targeted delivery of the therapeutic agents into the malignant cells and also have the ability to carry genes and therapeutic proteins to the desired sites. Furthermore, nanomedicine has an edge in rendering personalized medicine as one type of lymphoma is pathologically different from others. In this review, we have highlighted various applications of nanotechnology-based delivery systems based on lipidic, polymeric and inorganic nanomaterials that address different targets for effectively tackling lymphomas. Moreover, we have discussed recent advances and therapies available exclusively for managing this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Mayur Aalhate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Guru
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Targeting matrix metallopeptidase 2 by hydroxyurea selectively kills acute myeloid mixed-lineage leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:180. [PMID: 35396375 PMCID: PMC8993889 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced tumorigenesis results in the variation of epigenetic modifications, and in addition to promoting cell immortalization, cancer cells undergo more intense cellular stress than normal cells and depend on other support genes for survival. Chromosomal translocations of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) induce aggressive leukemias with an inferior prognosis. Unfortunately, most MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias are resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Here, we showed that hydroxyurea (HU) could kill MLL-r acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through the necroptosis process. HU target these cells by matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) deficiency rather than subordinate ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) inhibition, where MLL directly regulates MMP2 expression and is decreased in most MLL-r AMLs. Moreover, iron chelation of HU is also indispensable for inducing cell stress, and MMP2 is the support factor to protect cells from death. Our preliminary study indicates that MMP2 might play a role in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway that prevents activation of unfolding protein response under innocuous endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hence, these results reveal a possible strategy of HU application in MLL-r AML treatment and shed new light upon HU repurposing.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 21:159-176. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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SALL Proteins; Common and Antagonistic Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246292. [PMID: 34944911 PMCID: PMC8699250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transcription factors play essential roles in regulating gene expression, impacting the cell phenotype and function, and in the response of cells to environmental conditions. Alterations in transcription factors, including gene amplification or deletion, point mutations, and expression changes, are implicated in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, metastases, and resistance to cancer treatments. Not surprisingly, transcription factor activity is altered in numerous cancers, representing a unique class of cancer drug targets. This review updates and integrates information on the SALL family of transcription factors, highlighting the synergistic and/or antagonistic functions they perform in various cancer types. Abstract SALL proteins are a family of four conserved C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors that play critical roles in organogenesis during embryonic development. They regulate cell proliferation, survival, migration, and stemness; consequently, they are involved in various human genetic disorders and cancer. SALL4 is a well-recognized oncogene; however, SALL1–3 play dual roles depending on the cancer context and stage of the disease. Current reviews of SALLs have focused only on SALL2 or SALL4, lacking an integrated view of the SALL family members in cancer. Here, we update the recent advances of the SALL members in tumor development, cancer progression, and therapy, highlighting the synergistic and/or antagonistic functions they perform in similar cancer contexts. We identified common regulatory mechanisms, targets, and signaling pathways in breast, brain, liver, colon, blood, and HPV-related cancers. In addition, we discuss the potential of the SALL family members as cancer biomarkers and in the cancer cells’ response to therapies. Understanding SALL proteins’ function and relationship will open new cancer biology, clinical research, and therapy perspectives.
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33
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Extramedullary Hematopoiesis of the Liver and Spleen. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245831. [PMID: 34945127 PMCID: PMC8707658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components and, consequently, immune cells. In a more complete definition, this process refers to the formation, growth, maturation, and specialization of blood cells, from the hematopoietic stem cell, through the hematopoietic progenitor cells, to the s pecialized blood cells. This process is tightly regulated by several elements of the bone marrow microenvironment, such as growth factors, transcription factors, and cytokines. During embryonic and fetal development, hematopoiesis takes place in different organs: the yolk sac, the aorta–gonad mesonephros region, the lymph nodes, and not lastly, the fetal liver and the spleen. In the current review, we describe extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen and liver, with an emphasis on myeloproliferative conditions.
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34
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are formed embryonically during a dynamic developmental process and later reside in adult hematopoietic organs in a quiescent state. In response to their changing environment, HSCs have evolved diverse mechanisms to cope with intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. This review intends to discuss how HSCs and other stem cells co-opted DNA and RNA innate immune pathways to fine-tune developmental processes. Recent Findings Innate immune receptors for nucleic acids like the RIG-I-like family receptors and members of DNA sensing pathways are expressed in HSCs and other stem cells. Even though the “classic” role of these receptors is recognition of foreign DNA or RNA from pathogens, it was recently shown that cellular transposable element (TE) RNA or R-loops activate such receptors, serving as endogenous triggers of inflammatory signaling that can shape HSC formation during development and regeneration. Summary Endogenous TEs and R-loops activate RNA and DNA sensors, which trigger distinct inflammatory signals to fine-tune stem cell decisions. This phenomenon could have broad implications for diverse somatic stem cells, for a variety of diseases and during aging.
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35
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Gerber JP, Russ J, Chandrasekar V, Offermann N, Lee HM, Spear S, Guzzi N, Maida S, Pattabiraman S, Zhang R, Kayvanjoo AH, Datta P, Kasturiarachchi J, Sposito T, Izotova N, Händler K, Adams PD, Marafioti T, Enver T, Wenzel J, Beyer M, Mass E, Bellodi C, Schultze JL, Capasso M, Nimmo R, Salomoni P. Aberrant chromatin landscape following loss of the H3.3 chaperone Daxx in haematopoietic precursors leads to Pu.1-mediated neutrophilia and inflammation. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1224-1239. [PMID: 34876685 PMCID: PMC8683376 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Defective silencing of retrotransposable elements has been linked to inflammageing, cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here we implicate the histone H3.3 chaperone Daxx, a retrotransposable element repressor inactivated in myeloid leukaemia and other neoplasms, in protection from inflammatory disease. Loss of Daxx alters the chromatin landscape, H3.3 distribution and histone marks of haematopoietic progenitors, leading to engagement of a Pu.1-dependent transcriptional programme for myelopoiesis at the expense of B-cell differentiation. This causes neutrophilia and inflammation, predisposing mice to develop an autoinflammatory skin disease. While these molecular and phenotypic perturbations are in part reverted in animals lacking both Pu.1 and Daxx, haematopoietic progenitors in these mice show unique chromatin and transcriptome alterations, suggesting an interaction between these two pathways. Overall, our findings implicate retrotransposable element silencing in haematopoiesis and suggest a cross-talk between the H3.3 loading machinery and the pioneer transcription factor Pu.1.
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Grants
- P01 AG031862 NIA NIH HHS
- C416/A25145 Cancer Research UK
- C16420/A18066 Cancer Research UK
- MC_U132670601 Medical Research Council
- C33499/A20265 Cancer Research UK
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases)
- Worldwide Cancer Research
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
- EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions (FP7-PEOPLE - Specific Programme People Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013))
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC2151 – 390873048, Excellence Cluster Immunosensation2
- Aging and Metabolic Programming (AMPro) Consortium from Helmholtz
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC2151 – 390873048, Excellence Cluster Immunosensation2ImmunoSensation2
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC2151 – 390873048, Excellence Cluster ImmunoSensation2
- EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific Programme: Ideas Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013))
- Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung (Wilhelm Sander Foundation)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC2151 – 390873048, Excellence Cluster ImmunoSensation2 Aging and Metabolic Programming (AMPro) Consortium from Helmholtz
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Gerber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jenny Russ
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Nina Offermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hang-Mao Lee
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Spear
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Guzzi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simona Maida
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ruoyu Zhang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Amir H Kayvanjoo
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Preeta Datta
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Teresa Sposito
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalia Izotova
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kristian Händler
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jörg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian Bellodi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE) at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melania Capasso
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rachael Nimmo
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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36
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Aksenova AY, Zhuk AS, Lada AG, Zotova IV, Stepchenkova EI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Pavlov YI. Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma: Facts and Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5949. [PMID: 34885058 PMCID: PMC8656811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of terminally differentiated immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes called plasma cells. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it poses a heavy economic and social burden because it remains incurable and confers a profound disability to patients. Despite current progress in MM treatment, the disease invariably recurs, even after the transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (ASCT). Biological processes leading to a pathological myeloma clone and the mechanisms of further evolution of the disease are far from complete understanding. Genetically, MM is a complex disease that demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity. Myeloma genomes carry numerous genetic changes, including structural genome variations and chromosomal gains and losses, and these changes occur in combinations with point mutations affecting various cellular pathways, including genome maintenance. MM genome instability in its extreme is manifested in mutation kataegis and complex genomic rearrangements: chromothripsis, templated insertions, and chromoplexy. Chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM add another level of complexity because many of them exacerbate genome instability. Genome abnormalities are driver events and deciphering their mechanisms will help understand the causes of MM and play a pivotal role in developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory “Computer Technologies”, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Artem G. Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.V.Z.); (E.I.S.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Sergey V. Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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37
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Finesso GE, McDevitt RA, Roy R, Brinster LR, Di Francesco A, Meade T, de Cabo R, Ferrucci L, Perdue KA. Impact of large granular lymphocyte leukemia on blood DNA methylation and epigenetic clock modeling in Fischer 344 rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:956-963. [PMID: 34718551 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent differences in methylation at specific cytosine-guanosine sites (CpGs) have been used in "epigenetic clock" formulas to predict age. Deviations of epigenetic age from chronological age are informative of health status and are associated with adverse health outcomes, including mortality. In most cases, epigenetic clocks are performed on methylation from DNA extracted from circulating blood cells. However, the effect of neoplastic cells in the circulation on estimation and interpretation of epigenetic clocks is not well understood. Here, we explored this using Fischer 344 (F344) rats, a strain that often develops large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGL). We found clear histological markers of LGL pathology in the spleens and livers of 27 out of 61 rats aged 17-27 months. We assessed DNA methylation by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with coverage of 3 million cytosine residues. Although LGL broadly increased DNA methylation variability, it did not change epigenetic aging. Despite this, inclusion of rats with LGL in clock training sets significantly altered predictor selection probability at 83 of 121 commonly utilized CpGs. Furthermore, models trained on rat samples that included individuals with LGL had greater absolute age error than those trained exclusively on LGL-free rats (39% increase; p<0.0001). We conclude that the epigenetic signals for aging and LGL are distinct, such that LGL assessment is not necessary for valid measures of epigenetic age in F344 rats. The precision and architecture of constructed epigenetic clock formulas, however, can be influenced by the presence of neoplastic hematopoietic cells in training set populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Finesso
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roshni Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lauren R Brinster
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.,Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Theresa Meade
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathy A Perdue
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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38
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Afkhami M, Ally F, Pullarkat V, Pillai RK. Genetics and Diagnostic Approach to Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2021; 181:17-43. [PMID: 34626353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78311-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetics and biology of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL) has advanced rapidly in the past decade with advances in sequencing and other molecular techniques. Besides recurrent chromosomal abnormalities detected by karyotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization, these leukemias/lymphomas are characterized by a variety of mutations, gene rearrangements as well as copy number alterations. This is particularly true in the case of Philadelphia-like (Ph-like) ALL, a major subset which has the same gene expression signature as Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL but lacks BCR-ABL1 translocation. Ph-like ALL is associated with a worse prognosis and hence its detection is critical. However, techniques to detect this entity are complex and are not widely available. This chapter discusses various subsets of ALL and describes our approach to the accurate classification and prognostication of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Afkhami
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Feras Ally
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Raju K Pillai
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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39
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Maurya SS. Role of Enhancers in Development and Diseases. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5040021. [PMID: 34968246 PMCID: PMC8715447 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements containing short DNA sequences that serve as binding sites for pioneer/regulatory transcription factors, thus orchestrating the regulation of genes critical for lineage determination. The activity of enhancer elements is believed to be determined by transcription factor binding, thus determining the cell state identity during development. Precise spatio-temporal control of the transcriptome during lineage specification requires the coordinated binding of lineage-specific transcription factors to enhancers. Thus, enhancers are the primary determinants of cell identity. Numerous studies have explored the role and mechanism of enhancers during development and disease, and various basic questions related to the functions and mechanisms of enhancers have not yet been fully answered. In this review, we discuss the recently published literature regarding the roles of enhancers, which are critical for various biological processes governing development. Furthermore, we also highlight that altered enhancer landscapes provide an essential context to understand the etiologies and mechanisms behind numerous complex human diseases, providing new avenues for effective enhancer-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra S Maurya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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40
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Zhang J, Gao X, Yu L. Roles of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Fusion Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741746. [PMID: 34540702 PMCID: PMC8440836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate orchestration of gene expression is critical for the process of normal hematopoiesis, and dysregulation is closely associated with leukemogenesis. Epigenetic aberration is one of the major causes contributing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found. Increasing evidences have shown the pivotal roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in chromatin remodeling, which are involved in stemness maintenance, cell fate determination, proliferation and differentiation, via mastering the transcriptional switch of key genes. In abnormal, these functions can be bloomed to elicit carcinogenesis. Presently, HDAC family members are appealing targets for drug exploration, many of which have been deployed to the AML treatment. As the majority of AML events are associated with chromosomal translocation resulting in oncogenic fusion proteins, it is valuable to comprehensively understand the mutual interactions between HDACs and oncogenic proteins. Therefore, we reviewed the process of leukemogenesis and roles of HDAC members acting in this progress, providing an insight for the target anchoring, investigation of hyperacetylated-agents, and how the current knowledge could be applied in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Tawfik EA, Aldrak NA, Albrahim SH, Alzahrani DA, Alfassam HA, Alkoblan SM, Almalik AM, Chen KS, Abou-Khalil R, Shah K, Zaidan NM. Immunotherapy in hematological malignancies: recent advances and open questions. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1215-1229. [PMID: 34498496 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, tremendous advances in immunotherapy approaches have been observed, generating significant clinical progress. Cancer immunotherapy has been shown, in different types of blood cancers, to improve the overall survival of patients. Immunotherapy treatment of hematopoietic malignancies is a newly growing field that has been accelerating over the past years. Several US FDA approved drugs and cell-based therapies are being exploited in the late stage of clinical trials. This review attempt to highlight and discuss the numerous innovative immunotherapy approaches of hematopoietic malignancy ranging from nonmyeloablative transplantation, T-cell immunotherapy, natural killer cells and immune agonist to monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. In addition, a brief discussion on the future advances and accomplishments required to counterpart the current immunotherapeutic approaches for hematopoietic malignancies were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam A Tawfik
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia.,National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Aldrak
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad H Albrahim
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A Alzahrani
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A Alfassam
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar M Alkoblan
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almalik
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia.,National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics & Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rana Abou-Khalil
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Shah
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics & Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nada M Zaidan
- Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Specific Blood Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Emerging Field with Great Potential in Clinical Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9919422. [PMID: 34434242 PMCID: PMC8380505 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely known for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, stem cells can be differentiated into all specialized tissues and cells in the body. In the past few years, a number of researchers have focused on deriving hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as alternative sources for clinic. Existing findings demonstrated that it is feasible to obtain HSCs and certain mature blood lineages from PSCs, except for several issues to be addressed. This short review outlines the technologies used for hematopoietic differentiation in recent years. In addition, the therapeutic value of PSCs as a potential source of various blood cells is also discussed as well as its challenges and directions in future clinical applications.
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43
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Gu W, Qu R, Meng F, Cornelissen JJLM, Zhong Z. Polymeric nanomedicines targeting hematological malignancies. J Control Release 2021; 337:571-588. [PMID: 34364920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HMs) typically persisting in the blood, lymphoma, and/or bone marrow invalidate surgery and local treatments clinically used for solid tumors. The presence and drug resistance nature of cancer stem cells (CSCs) further lends HMs hard to cure. The development of new treatments like molecular targeted drugs and antibodies has improved the clinical outcomes for HMs but only to a certain extent, due to issues of low bioavailability, moderate response, occurrence of drug resistance, and/or dose-limiting toxicities. In the past years, polymeric nanomedicines targeting HMs including refractory and relapsed lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma have emerged as a promising chemotherapeutic approach that is shown capable of overcoming drug resistance, delivering drugs not only to cancer cells but also CSCs, and increasing therapeutic index by lessening drug-associated adverse effects. In addition, polymeric nanomedicines have shown to potentiate next-generation anticancer modalities such as therapeutic proteins and nucleic acids in effectively treating HMs. In this review, we highlight recent advance in targeted polymeric nanoformulations that are coated with varying ligands (e.g. cancer cell membrane proteins, antibodies, transferrin, hyaluronic acid, aptamer, peptide, and folate) and loaded with different therapeutic agents (e.g. chemotherapeutics, molecular targeted drugs, therapeutic antibodies, nucleic acid drugs, and apoptotic proteins) for directing to distinct targets (e.g. CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD38, CD44, CD64, CXCR, FLT3, VLA-4, and bone marrow microenvironment) in HMs. The advantages and potential challenges of different designs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ruobing Qu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Jeroen J L M Cornelissen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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44
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Masoumipour M, Abbaspanah B, Mousavi SH. Extracellular vesicles: Regenerative medicine prospect in hematological malignancies. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2031-2044. [PMID: 34293823 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) either as endocytic or plasma membrane-emerged vesicles play pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication. Due to the bioactive molecules transformation, lymphoma cell-derived vesicles can alter a recipient cell's function and contribute to signal transduction and drug resistance. These vesicles by acting not only in tumor cells but also in tumor-associated cells have important roles in tumor growth and invasion. On the other hand, the total protein level of circulating exosomes reveals the disease stage, tumor burden, response to therapy, and survival. In residual disease, leukemic blasts are undetectable in the bone marrow by conventional methods but exosomal proteins are elevated significantly. In this manner, new methods for measuring exosomes and exosomal components are required. In this review, we try to reveal the concealed role of EVs in hematological malignancies besides therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Masoumipour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Montalvo N, Lara-Endara J, Redrobán L, Leiva M, Armijos C, Russo L. Primary splenic histiocytic sarcoma associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report and review of literature of next-generation sequencing involving FLT3, NOTCH2, and KMT2A mutations. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1496. [PMID: 34292677 PMCID: PMC9124500 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histiocytic sarcoma is a very rare monocyte/macrophage‐derived hematopoietic system tumor with a poor prognosis whose diagnosis is pathologically challenging due to its extreme rarity and histological overlap with various mimicking entities in which histiocytes also predominate. Case We report the case of a 33‐year‐old male patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, purpuric syndrome, and significant splenomegaly. The patient underwent splenectomy; subsequent macroscopic examination revealed a spleen weighing 2065 grams with hyperemic red pulp and multiple infarcts at the periphery. The histological and immunohistochemical study established a diagnosis of primary splenic histiocytic sarcoma with frequent hemophagocytosis. Next‐generation sequencing demonstrated mutations in FLT3, NOTCH2, and KMT2A, microsatellite stability, and a tumor mutational burden of 2 mut/Mb. The patient's condition deteriorated clinically from the appearance of the first symptoms and he died 6 months later from multi‐organ failure. Conclusion Primary splenic histiocytic sarcoma is one of the rarest tumors of the hematopoietic system. We report the first case with mutations in FLT3, NOTCH2, and KMT2A, and associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Montalvo
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Av. Simón Bolívar y Jorge Fernández, Quito, Ecuador.,Servicio de Patología, Hospital Metropolitano, Av. Mariana de Jesús s/n y Nicolás Arteta, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Lara-Endara
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Av. Simón Bolívar y Jorge Fernández, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ligia Redrobán
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Metropolitano, Av. Mariana de Jesús s/n y Nicolás Arteta, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Leiva
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Metropolitano, Av. Mariana de Jesús s/n y Nicolás Arteta, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Christian Armijos
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Av. Simón Bolívar y Jorge Fernández, Quito, Ecuador.,Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Metropolitano, Av. Mariana de Jesús s/n y Nicolás Arteta, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leonardo Russo
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y la Vida, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Av. Simón Bolívar y Jorge Fernández, Quito, Ecuador
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46
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Cao B, Guo X, Huang L, Wang B, Wang W, Han D, Zhang W, Zhong K. Methylation silencing CDH23 is a poor prognostic marker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17768-17788. [PMID: 34252883 PMCID: PMC8312441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-23(CDH23) mediates homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell adhesions in cancer cells. However, the epigenetic regulation, the biological functions, the mechanisms and the prognostic value of CDH23 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still unclear. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were employed to analyze the CDH23 expression level in DLBCL. The correlation of CDH23 expression and methylation was analyzed by LinkedOmics database. The prognostic value was analyzed via GEPIA. Correlated genes, target kinase, target miRNA, target transcription factor and biological functions were identified by LinkedOmics and GeneMANIA database. The relationship between CDH23 and the immune cell infiltration was explored by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). The expression of CDH23 was reduced by DNA methylation significantly in DLBCL tissue. Reduction of CDH23 represented poor outcome of DLBCL patients. Functional enrichment analysis showed that CDH23 mainly enriched in cancer cell growth, cell metastasis, cell adhesion, cell cycle, drug catabolic process, leukocyte mediated immunity and DNA repair by some cancer related kinases, miRNAs and transcription factors. These results indicated that methylated reduction of CDH23 represented poor outcome of DLBCL. CDH23 is associated with essential biological functions and key molecules in DLBCL. CDH23 may play crucial roles in DLBCL tumorigenesis. Our results lay a foundation for further investigation of the role of CDH23 in DLBCL tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Cao
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Guo
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Lefu Huang
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- Department of Lymphoma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian 100038, Beijing, China
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47
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Epigenetic dysregulation in myeloid malignancies. Blood 2021; 138:613-624. [PMID: 34157099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is now a well-recognized -though not yet fully understood- mechanism that contributes to the development and progression of myeloid malignancies. In the past 15 years, next generation sequencing studies have revealed patterns of aberrant DNA methylation, altered chromatin states, and mutations in chromatin modifiers across the spectrum of myeloid malignancies. Studies into the mechanisms that drive these diseases through mouse modeling have helped identify new avenues for therapeutic interventions, from initial treatment to resistant, relapsed disease. This is particularly significant when chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents remains the general standard of care. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms and how these are informing the development of more targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention in myeloid malignancies.
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48
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From the (Epi)Genome to Metabolism and Vice Versa; Examples from Hematologic Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126321. [PMID: 34204821 PMCID: PMC8231625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from hematopoietic cells or their precursors and most commonly presenting as leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas. Genetic analyses have uncovered recurrent mutations which initiate or accumulate in the course of malignant transformation, as they provide selective growth advantage to the cell. These include mutations in genes encoding transcription factors and epigenetic regulators of metabolic genes, as well as genes encoding key metabolic enzymes. The resulting alterations contribute to the extensive metabolic reprogramming characterizing the transformed cell, supporting its increased biosynthetic needs and allowing it to withstand the metabolic stress that arises as a consequence of increased metabolic rates and changes in its microenvironment. Interestingly, this cross-talk is bidirectional, as metabolites also signal back to the nucleus and, via their widespread effects on modulating epigenetic modifications, shape the chromatin landscape and the transcriptional programs of the cell. In this article, we provide an overview of the main metabolic changes and relevant genetic alterations that characterize malignant hematopoiesis and discuss how, in turn, metabolites regulate epigenetic events during this process. The aim is to illustrate the intricate interrelationship between the genome (and epigenome) and metabolism and its relevance to hematologic malignancy.
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49
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Huppertz S, Senger K, Brown A, Leins H, Eiwen K, Mulaw MA, Geiger H, Becker M. KDM6A, a histone demethylase, regulates stress hematopoiesis and early B-cell differentiation. Exp Hematol 2021; 99:32-43.e13. [PMID: 34126175 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylases and demethylases regulate gene expression programs in hematopoiesis. The molecular function of the demethylase KDM6A in normal hematopoiesis and, in particular, for the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment remains only partially understood. Female but not male Kdm6a-/- HSPCs were functionally impaired in adoptive transfer experiments as well as upon proliferative stress induced by 5-fluorouracil. Loss of Kdm6a affected primarily early B cells and erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells with respect to both number and function. Global gene expression analyses revealed a shared altered gene signature in Kdm6a-/- pro-B and pre-B cells that is also present in HSPCs, supporting that altered B-cell differentiation in Kdm6a-/- animals is already initiated in HSPCs. Interestingly, loss of KDM6A did not affect the global level of methylation of H3K27, its presumed target, in hematopoietic cells. Our data indicate a critical role for KDM6A in the regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and differentiation-specific gene expression programs, with a prominent role in early B-cell differentiation that is likely independent of H3K27 methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Huppertz
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ), Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Senger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Brown
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanna Leins
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karina Eiwen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ), Center of Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.
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50
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Takahashi H, Okayama N, Yamaguchi N, Nomura M, Miyahara Y, Mahbub MH, Hase R, Morishima Y, Suehiro Y, Yamasaki T, Tamada K, Takahashi S, Tojo A, Tanabe T. Analysis of Relationships between Immune Checkpoint and Methylase Gene Polymorphisms and Outcomes after Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112752. [PMID: 34206082 PMCID: PMC8199545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapy for blood disorders. Unrelated bone marrow transplantation (uBMT) is a type of allogeneic HSCT that uses the bone marrow of an unrelated donor. While HLA mismatch is a risk factor for poor outcomes in HSCT, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the importance of non-HLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remains unclear. The clinical application of immune checkpoint and chromatin methylation inhibitors to cancer has been attracting attention. In the present study, we retrospectively genotyped five SNPs in four immune checkpoint genes, BTLA, PD-1, LAG3, and CTLA4, and two SNPs in methylase genes, DNMT1 and EZH2, in 999 uBMT pairs. Although no correlations were observed between these SNPs and post-uBMT outcomes, recipient EZH2 SNP exhibited a low p-value in the analysis of grade 2–4 acute GVHD (p = 0.010). This SNP may be useful for outcome predictions and needs to be confirmed in a larger-scale study. Abstract Unrelated bone marrow transplantation (uBMT) is performed to treat blood disorders, and it uses bone marrow from an unrelated donor as the transplant source. Although the importance of HLA matching in uBMT has been established, that of other genetic factors, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), remains unclear. The application of immunoinhibitory receptors as anticancer drugs has recently been attracting attention. This prompted us to examine the importance of immunoinhibitory receptor SNPs in uBMT. We retrospectively genotyped five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the immune checkpoint genes, BTLA, PD-1, LAG3, and CTLA4, and two SNPs in the methylase genes, DNMT1 and EZH2, in 999 uBMT donor–recipient pairs coordinated through the Japan Marrow Donor Program matched at least at HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1. No correlations were observed between these SNPs and post-uBMT outcomes (p > 0.005). This result questions the usefulness of these immune checkpoint gene polymorphisms for predicting post-BMT outcomes. However, the recipient EZH2 histone methyltransferase gene SNP, which encodes the D185H substitution, exhibited a low p-value in regression analysis of grade 2–4 acute graft-versus-host disease (p = 0.010). Due to a low minor allele frequency, this SNP warrants further investigation in a larger-scale study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (H.T.); (N.Y.); (M.N.); (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Naoko Okayama
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Natsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (H.T.); (N.Y.); (M.N.); (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Moe Nomura
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (H.T.); (N.Y.); (M.N.); (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Yuta Miyahara
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - MH Mahbub
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (H.T.); (N.Y.); (M.N.); (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Ryosuke Hase
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (H.T.); (N.Y.); (M.N.); (M.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Yasuo Morishima
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Suehiro
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.O.); (Y.M.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanabe
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (H.T.); (N.Y.); (M.N.); (M.M.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence:
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