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Chen SL, Wu CC, Li N, Weng TH. Post-transcriptional regulation of myogenic transcription factors during muscle development and pathogenesis. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:21-39. [PMID: 38206489 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle (SKM) development (myogenesis) has been documented for over 3 decades and served as a paradigm for tissue-specific cell type determination and differentiation. Myogenic stem cells (MuSC) in embryos and adult SKM are regulated by the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7 for their stem cell characteristics, while their lineage determination and terminal differentiation are both dictated by the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) that comprise Mrf4, Myf5, Myogenin, and MyoD. The myocyte enhancer factor Mef2c is activated by MRF during terminal differentiation and collaborates with them to promote myoblast fusion and differentiation. Recent studies have found critical regulation of these myogenic transcription factors at mRNA level, including subcellular localization, stability, and translational regulation. Therefore, the regulation of Pax3/7, MRFs and Mef2c mRNAs by RNA-binding factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), will be the focus of this review and the impact of this regulation on myogenesis will be further addressed. Interestingly, the stem cell characteristics of MuSC has been found to be critically regulated by ncRNAs, implying the involvement of ncRNAs in SKM homeostasis and regeneration. Current studies have further identified that some ncRNAs are implicated in the etiology of some SKM diseases and can serve as valuable tools/indicators for prediction of prognosis. The roles of ncRNAs in the MuSC biology and SKM disease etiology will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Liang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Che Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Weng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
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2
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Li P, Zhang X, Tian L, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Li S, Li S, Tong H. Vitamin C Promotes Muscle Development Mediated by the Interaction of CSRP3 with MyoD and MyoG. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7158-7169. [PMID: 35652451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that vitamin C (VC), an essential nutrient, exerts beneficial effects on muscle health. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the VC-mediated regulation of muscle development is still unclear. The roles of VC in muscle development and the underlying molecular mechanisms were examined using cell and molecular biology, transcriptomics, proteomics, and animal experiments in this study. VC upregulated the expression of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) and cysteine rich protein 3 (CSRP3). Additionally, VC promoted the differentiation of C2C12 cells and the repair of mouse muscle injury by upregulating the nuclear translocation of CSRP3, which subsequently interacted with MyoD and MyoG. This study provided a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism underlying the VC-mediated regulation of muscle development, as well as for developing animal nutritional supplements and therapeutic drugs for muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liangliang Tian
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yahao Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunqin Yan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huili Tong
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Yue X, Liang Y, Wei Z, Lv J, Cai Y, Fan X, Zhang W, Chen J. Genome-wide in vitro and in vivo RNAi screens reveal Fer3 to be an important regulator of kkv transcription in Drosophila. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:614-630. [PMID: 34351065 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Krotzkopf verkehrt (kkv) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, an important component of the Drosophila epidermis, trachea, and other tissues. Here, we report the use of comprehensive RNA interference (RNAi) analyses to search for kkv transcriptional regulators. A cell-based RNAi screen identified 537 candidate kkv regulators on a genome-wide scale. Subsequent use of transgenic Drosophila lines expressing RNAi constructs enabled in vivo validation, and we identified six genes as potential kkv transcriptional regulators. Weakening of the kkvDsRed signal, an in vivo reporter indicating kkv promoter activity, was observed when the expression of Akirin, NFAT, 48 related 3 (Fer3), or Autophagy-related 101(Atg101) was knocked down in Drosophila at the 3rd-instar larval stage; whereas we observed disoriented taenidial folds on larval tracheae when Lines (lin) or Autophagy-related 3 (Atg3) was knocked down in the tracheae. Fer3, in particular, has been shown to be an important factor in the activation of kkv transcription via specific binding with the kkv promoter. The genes involved in the chitin synthesis pathway were widely affected by the downregulation of Fer3. Furthermore, Atg101, Atg3, Akirin, Lin, NFAT, Pnr, and Abd-A showed that the potential complex mechanism of kkv transcription is regulated by an interaction network with bithorax complex components. Our study revealed the hitherto unappreciated diversity of modulators impinging on kkv transcription and opens new avenues in the study of kkv regulation and chitin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yongkang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Intragenic suppressors unravel the role of the SCREAM ACT-like domain for bHLH partner selectivity in stomatal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2117774119. [PMID: 35173013 PMCID: PMC8892516 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117774119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms develop specialized cell types to achieve complex functions of tissues and organs. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins act as master regulatory transcription factors of such specialized cell types. Plant stomata are cellular valves in the aerial epidermis for efficient gas exchange and water control. Stomatal differentiation is governed by sequential actions of three lineage-specific bHLH proteins, SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, and FAMA, specifying initiation and proliferation, commitment, and terminal differentiation, respectively. A broadly expressed bHLH, SCREAM (SCRM), heterodimerizes with SPCH/MUTE/FAMA and drives stomatal differentiation via switching its partners. Yet nothing is known about its heterodimerization properties or partner preference. Here, we report the role of the SCRM C-terminal ACT-like (ACTL) domain for heterodimerization selectivity. Our intragenic suppressor screen of a dominant scrm-D mutant identified the ACTL domain as a mutation hotspot. Removal of this domain or loss of its structural integrity abolishes heterodimerization with MUTE, but not with SPCH or FAMA, and selectively abrogates the MUTE direct target gene expression. Consequently, the scrm-D ACTL mutants confer massive clusters of arrested stomatal precursor cells that cannot commit to differentiation when redundancy is removed. Structural and biophysical studies further show that SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA also possess the C-terminal ACTL domain, and that ACTL•ACTL heterodimerization is sufficient for partner selectivity. Our work elucidates a role for the SCRM ACTL domain in the MUTE-governed proliferation-differentiation switch and suggests mechanistic insight into the biological function of the ACTL domain, a module uniquely associated with plant bHLH proteins, as a heterodimeric partner selectivity interface.
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Kostyuk SV, Proskurnina EV, Ershova ES, Kameneva LV, Malinovskaya EM, Savinova EA, Sergeeva VA, Umriukhin PE, Dolgikh OA, Khakina EA, Kraevaya OA, Troshin PA, Kutsev SI, Veiko NN. The Phosphonate Derivative of C 60 Fullerene Induces Differentiation towards the Myogenic Lineage in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179284. [PMID: 34502190 PMCID: PMC8431706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inductors of myogenic stem cell differentiation attract attention, as they can be used to treat myodystrophies and post-traumatic injuries. Functionalization of fullerenes makes it possible to obtain water-soluble derivatives with targeted biochemical activity. This study examined the effects of the phosphonate C60 fullerene derivatives on the expression of myogenic transcription factors and myogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Uptake of the phosphonate C60 fullerene derivatives in human MSCs, intracellular ROS visualization, superoxide scavenging potential, and the expression of myogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation genes were studied. The prolonged MSC incubation (within 7–14 days) with the C60 pentaphoshonate potassium salt promoted their differentiation towards the myogenic lineage. The transcription factors and gene expressions determining myogenic differentiation (MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, and MRF4) increased, while the expression of osteogenic differentiation factors (BMP2, BMP4, RUNX2, SPP1, and OCN) and adipogenic differentiation factors (CEBPB, LPL, and AP2 (FABP4)) was reduced or did not change. The stimulation of autophagy may be one of the factors contributing to the increased expression of myogenic differentiation genes in MSCs. Autophagy may be caused by intracellular alkalosis and/or short-term intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Elena V. Proskurnina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizaveta S. Ershova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Larisa V. Kameneva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Elena M. Malinovskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Savinova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Vasilina A. Sergeeva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Mohovaya Str. 11-4, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Dolgikh
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Khakina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavylova St. 28, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Kraevaya
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka (Moscow Region), Russia; (O.A.K.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka (Moscow Region), Russia; (O.A.K.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Natalia N. Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
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Migdał Ł, Pałka S. Polymorphisms in coding and non-coding regions of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) myogenin (MyoG) gene. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2021.11830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In animal breeding, selection based on growth is very often used, as this trait affects the profitability of animal production. Identification of polymorphisms within the genes affecting the growth process seems to be very important. Therefore, we decided to analyse rabbit myogenin (<em>MyoG</em> gene) for potential polymorphic sites and their association with growth and carcass traits in Termond White (TER), Belgian Giant Grey (BGG) and crossbred New Zealand White×Belgian Giant Grey (NZW×BGG) rabbits. We found three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) – in 5’ upstream sequence g.68679476 C>T, in exon 1 – silent mutation g.68680096 T>C and g.68680097 G>A resulting in change of GTG triplet (valine) into ATG triplet (methionine). Association analysis showed that GG genotype weaning weight was statistically higher compared to GA in TER population (<em>P</em>=0.005), and that the hind parts for GG genotypes were heavier compared to those of GA (<em>P</em>=0.024), but association analysis of dissectible parts showed this was caused by higher bone weight (<em>P</em>=0.015). For g.68679476 C>T in NZW×BGG population, the CC genotypes for fore (678±35) and hind part (615±29) weights were heavier compared to CT (588±16 and 549±13, respectively); moreover, association analysis of dissectible parts showed that weight of dissectible meat in hind part. Unfortunately, we did not find similar associations for other analysed breeds. For g.68679476 C>T in NZWxBGG musculus longissimus lumborum pH leg after 24 h chilling (pH24L) were statistically lower for CC genotypes compared to CT (<em>P</em>=0.027). For g.68680097 G>A in Termond White population L* value on the hind leg after 24 h chilling (L*24H) was higher for GA genotypes compared to GG (<em>P</em>=0.03), while for g.68679476 C>T for musculus longissimus lumborum L* value after 24 h (L*24L) CC genotypes had higher value compared to CT (<em>P</em>=0.016) in BGG population. Moreover, in BGG population CT genotypes had higher weaning weight compared to CC (<em>P</em>=0.018). Our results show that SNPs within the <em>MyoG </em>gene may influence growth traits in some rabbit breeds, but the evolutionary conserved sequence may not be favourable for changes within coding sequences. For a better understanding thereof, additional analysis is required.
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The Dietary Lipid Content Affects the Tissue Gene Expression of Muscle Growth Biomarkers and the GH/IGF System of Pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) Juveniles. FISHES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes4030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression of growth hormone receptors (GHRs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), myostatin (MSTN) and myogenin (MyoG) was analyzed in juveniles pejerrey fed with graded levels of lipids (L): 6% (L6), 10% (L10), 25% (L25). After 14 weeks, no changes were found in liver GHR-I GHR-II and IGF-II mRNA levels whereas IGF-I decreased in L10 and L25. Muscle GHR-I gene expression increased in L25 whereas GHR-II, IGF-II and MyoG were higher in L6. IGF-I and MSTN expression was not affected by the different diets. Adipose IGF-I mRNA levels decreased in L10. Correlations between body weight and members of GH/IGF system in liver and skeletal muscle were found only in L10 group. Correlations found in L10 group between both liver and skeletal muscle GHR-I and IGF-I were lost in either L6 or L25 groups. Thus, fish fed with apparently unbalanced dietary lipid contents (6% and 25%) exhibit a compensatory regulation of systemic and local components of the GH/IGF axis. Furthermore, the marked inhibition of muscle MyoG gene expression in L25 might limit excessive lipid deposition and fish growth. Our data suggest that a dietary lipid contents of 10% would promote a particular adjustment of the endocrine and autocrine/paracrine GH/IGF system, stimulating body growth and perhaps muscle hyperplasia. On the other hand, a higher dietary lipid content would uncouple the GH/IGF system, reducing hepatic IGF-I, while slightly increasing hepatic GHR-I, probably to prompt lipolysis.
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Chen F, Yuan W, Mo X, Zhuang J, Wang Y, Chen J, Jiang Z, Zhu X, Zeng Q, Wan Y, Li F, Shi Y, Cao L, Fan X, Luo S, Ye X, Chen Y, Dai G, Gao J, Wang X, Xie H, Zhu P, Li Y, Wu X. Role of Zebrafish fhl1A in Satellite Cell and Skeletal Muscle Development. Curr Mol Med 2019. [PMID: 29521230 PMCID: PMC6040174 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180308113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1) mutations are associated with human myopathies. However, the function of this protein in skeletal development remains unclear. Methods: Whole-mount in situ hybridization and embryo immunostaining were performed. Results: Zebrafish Fhl1A is the homologue of human FHL1. We showed that fhl1A knockdown causes defective skeletal muscle development, while injection with fhl1A mRNA largely recovered the muscle development in these fhl1A morphants. We also demonstrated that fhl1A knockdown decreases the number of satellite cells. This decrease in satellite cells and the emergence of skeletal muscle abnormalities were associated with alterations in the gene expression of myoD, pax7, mef2ca and skMLCK. We also demonstrated that fhl1A expression and retinoic acid (RA) signalling caused similar skeletal muscle development phenotypes. Moreover, when treated with exogenous RA, endogenous fhl1A expression in skeletal muscles was robust. When treated with DEAB, an RA signalling inhibitor which inhibits the activity of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase, fhl1A was downregulated. Conclusion: fhl1A functions as an activator in regulating the number of satellite cells and in skeletal muscle development. The role of fhl1A in skeletal myogenesis is regulated by RA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - W Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Mo
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - J Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Y Wang
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - J Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Z Jiang
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Q Zeng
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Y Wan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - F Li
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Y Shi
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - L Cao
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Fan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - S Luo
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Ye
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Y Chen
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - G Dai
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - J Gao
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Wang
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - H Xie
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - P Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China
| | - Y Li
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - X Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Lab of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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9
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Watamoto Y, Futawaka K, Hayashi M, Matsushita M, Mitsutani M, Murakami K, Song Z, Koyama R, Fukuda Y, Nushida A, Nezu S, Kuwahara A, Kataoka K, Tagami T, Moriyama K. Insulin-like growth factor-1 directly mediates expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 via forkhead box O4. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 46-47:24-35. [PMID: 31158782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to examine the direct action of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) signaling on energy homeostasis in myocytes. DESIGN We studied the IGF-1 stimulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression in the HEK 293 derived cell line TSA201, murine C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblasts, and rat L6 skeletal myoblasts. We also investigated the direct effect of IGF-1 on the Insulin/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-Akt/forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) pathway using a combination of a reporter assay, semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and animal experiments. RESULTS We demonstrated that IGF-1 regulates UCP3 expression via phosphorylation of FOXO4, which is a downstream signal transducer of IGF-1. UCP3 expression increased with activated FOXO4 in a dose-dependent manner. We also examined the functional FOXO4 binding site consensus sequences and identified it as the -1922 bp site in the UCP3 promoter region. UCP3 was also found to be concomitantly expressed with IGF-1 during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Our animal experiments showed that high fat diet induced IGF-1 levels which likely influenced UCP3 expression in the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that that IGF-1 directly stimulates UCP3 expression via the IGF-1/IGF-1R/PI3-Akt/FOXO4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Watamoto
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kumi Futawaka
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Misa Hayashi
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Midori Matsushita
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Mana Mitsutani
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kana Murakami
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Zilin Song
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Rie Koyama
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukuda
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nushida
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Syoko Nezu
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuwahara
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazusaburo Kataoka
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tagami
- Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Moriyama
- Medicine & Clinical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan; Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
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10
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Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation by modulating multiple myoblast differentiation factors. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182152. [PMID: 30777932 PMCID: PMC6395299 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Akirin1 is found to be involved in myoblast differentiation. However, the mechanism by which the Akirin1 gene regulates myoblast differentiation still remains unclear. In the present study, we found that ectopic expression of Akirin1 promoted myoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) 4 (MRF4) and myocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B) mRNA. Additionally, we showed that ectopic Akirin1 induced cell cycle arrest by up-regulating p21 mRNA. To further uncover the mechanism by which Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation, we showed that the enhanced Akirin1 increased the mRNA expression of P38α. Importantly, the enhanced MRF4 expression by Akirin1 can be abrogated by treatment of SB203580, a p38 inhibitor. Similarly, we found that enhanced MEF2B expression by Akirin1 can be abrogated by treatment with LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Together, our results indicate that Akirin1 promotes myoblast differentiation by acting on the p38 and PI3K pathways and subsequently inducing the expression of myoblast differentiation factors.
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11
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Wang LT, Wang SN, Chiou SS, Liu KY, Chai CY, Chiang CM, Huang SK, Yokoyama KK, Hsu SH. TIP60-dependent acetylation of the SPZ1-TWIST complex promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in liver cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:518-532. [PMID: 30154425 PMCID: PMC6345675 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality. However, the triggering mechanisms and regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors in the commitment of metastasis have not been well characterized. Spermatogenic Zip 1 (SPZ1) acts as a proto-oncogene and an upstream regulator of EMT during tumorigenesis. Here we report that the HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein 60 kDa (Tip60) acetyltransferase mediates acetylation at lysine residues of SPZ1 at positions 369 and 374, and of TWIST1 at positions 73 and 76, which are required for SPZ1-TWIST1 complex formation and cancer cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic SPZ1 and TWIST1 expression, but not that of TWIST1 alone, enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression via the recruitment of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), thus enhancing RNA-Pol II-dependent transcription and inducing metastasis. Neutralization of VEGF using humanized monoclonal antibodies such as Avastin, effectively abrogated the EMT and oncogenesis induced by the acetylated SPZ1-TWIST1 complex. Our findings highlight the importance of acetylation signaling in the SPZ1-TWIST1-BRD4 axis in the mediation of EMT and its regulation during tumor initiation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Nien Wang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kwei-Yan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8807, USA
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 115, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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12
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Chen J, Wang C, Kuang S. Transdifferentiation of Muscle Satellite Cells to Adipose Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of MyoD. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:25-41. [PMID: 30367407 PMCID: PMC7092730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes dissipate energy through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by UCP1 protein, hence representing a powerful target to overcome obesity due to energy surplus. However, brown adipocytes are scarce in adult humans, especially in obese subjects, urging the development of novel strategies to boost the number of these thermogenic adipocytes from a therapeutical perspective. In this regard, transdifferentiation of myoblasts into brown adipocytes represents a promising approach. Here, we describe a method that we have recently developed to transdifferentiate myoblasts into brown adipocytes through CRISPR/Cas9-medidated targeting of MyoD, the master myogenic regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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13
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Nagatomo F, Takemura A, Roy RR, Fujino H, Kondo H, Ishihara A. Mild hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the growth-related decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and prevents hyperglycemia in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2018; 10:753-763. [PMID: 29633563 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans and animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit low skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and impaired glucose metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen on these changes in obese rats with T2DM. METHODS Five-week-old non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) and diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were divided into normobaric (LETO-NB and OLETF-NB) and mild hyperbaric oxygen (LETO-MHO and OLETF-MHO) groups. The LETO-MHO and OLETF-MHO groups received 1266 hPa with 36% oxygen for 3 h daily for 22 weeks. RESULTS Fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels were lower in the OLETF-MHO group than in the OLETF-NB group (P < 0.05). In the soleus muscle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ/β (Pparδ/β), Pparγ, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) mRNA levels were lower in the OLETF-NB group than in all other groups (P < 0.05), whereas myogenin (Myog) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) mRNA levels were higher in the OLETF-MHO group than in the LETO-NB and OLETF-NB groups (P < 0.05). The soleus muscles in the OLETF-NB group contained only low-oxidative Type I fibers, whereas those in all other groups contained high-oxidative Type IIA and Type IIC fibers in addition to Type I fibers. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to mild hyperbaric oxygen inhibits the decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and prevents the hyperglycemia associated with T2DM. Pgc-1α, Myog, and Myf5 mRNA levels appear to be closely associated with skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in rats with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Nagatomo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roland R Roy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Huang Y, Wen H, Zhang M, Hu N, Si Y, Li S, He F. The DNA methylation status of MyoD and IGF-I genes are correlated with muscle growth during different developmental stages of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 219-220:33-43. [PMID: 29486246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many genes related to muscle growth modulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation and promote muscle hypertrophy. MyoD is a myogenic determinant that contributes to myoblast determination, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) interacts with MyoD to regulate muscle hypertrophy and muscle mass. In this study, we aimed to assess DNA methylation and mRNA expression patterns of MyoD and IGF-I during different developmental stages of Japanese flounder, and to examine the relationship between MyoD and IGF-I gene. DNA and RNA were extracted from muscles, and DNA methylation of MyoD and IGF-I promoter and exons was detected by bisulfite sequencing. The relative expression of MyoD and IGF-I was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IGF-I was measured by radioimmunoassay. Interestingly, the lowest expression of MyoD and IGF-I emerged at larva stage, and the mRNA expression was negatively associated with methylation. We hypothesized that many skeletal muscle were required to complete metamorphosis; thus, the expression levels of MyoD and IGF-I genes increased from larva stage and then decreased. The relative expression levels of MyoD and IGF-I exhibited similar patterns, suggesting that MyoD and IGF-I regulated muscle growth through combined effects. Changes in the concentrations of IGF-I hormone were similar to those of IGF-I gene expression. Our results the mechanism through which MyoD and IGF-I regulate muscle development and demonstrated that MyoD interacted with IGF-I to regulate muscle growth during different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meizhao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yufeng Si
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Siping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feng He
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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15
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Hernández-Hernández JM, García-González EG, Brun CE, Rudnicki MA. The myogenic regulatory factors, determinants of muscle development, cell identity and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:10-18. [PMID: 29127045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs) Myf5, MyoD, myogenin and MRF4 are members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors that control the determination and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells during embryogenesis and postnatal myogenesis. The dynamics of their temporal and spatial expression as well as their biochemical properties have allowed the identification of a precise and hierarchical relationship between the four MRFs. This relationship establishes the myogenic lineage as well as the maintenance of the terminal myogenic phenotype. The application of genome-wide technologies has provided important new information as to how the MRFs function to activate muscle gene expression. Application of combined functional genomics technologies along with single cell lineage tracing strategies will allow a deeper understanding of the mechanisms mediating myogenic determination, cell differentiation and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Estela G García-González
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Caroline E Brun
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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16
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Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of the calvarial sutures that is associated with a number of physical and intellectual disabilities spanning from pediatric to adult years. Over the past two decades, techniques in molecular genetics and more recently, advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have been used to examine the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. To date, mutations in 57 genes have been identified as causing craniosynostosis and the number of newly discovered genes is growing rapidly as a result of the advances in genomic technologies. While contributions from both genetic and environmental factors in this disease are increasingly apparent, there remains a gap in knowledge that bridges the clinical characteristics and genetic markers of craniosynostosis with their signaling pathways and mechanotransduction processes. By linking genotype to phenotype, outlining the role of cell mechanics may further uncover the specific mechanotransduction pathways underlying craniosynostosis. Here, we present a brief overview of the recent findings in craniofacial genetics and cell mechanics, discussing how this information together with animal models is advancing our understanding of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine and the, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Seattle WA, 98105, USA
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17
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A transcriptomic study of myogenic differentiation under the overexpression of PPARγ by RNA-Seq. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15308. [PMID: 29127356 PMCID: PMC5681552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the cellular and molecular function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in skeletal muscle differentiation, we have generated inducible gain-of-function to overexpress PPARγ in C2C12 myoblasts. In order to identify PPARγ targets, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to evaluate and quantify the transcriptomes and expression patterns during myogenic differentiation under the overexpression of PPARγ. The formation of myotubes and the expression of muscle-specific myogenic genes such as MyoD and MyoG may be inhibited by PPARγ overexpression. Multiple genes and pathways were significantly involved in this process, including 11 genes such as Fndc9 and Slc14a1 with fundamental change of regulation modes, 9 genes of which were validated by the data of qRT-PCR. Our studies demonstrate that PPARγ would play critical roles on myoblasts differentiation, mediating crosstalk among several pathways and transcription factors. Our data is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with the accession number as GSE99399.
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18
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Byun SK, An TH, Son MJ, Lee DS, Kang HS, Lee EW, Han BS, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ, Lee SC. HDAC11 Inhibits Myoblast Differentiation through Repression of MyoD-Dependent Transcription. Mol Cells 2017; 40:667-676. [PMID: 28927261 PMCID: PMC5638774 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal differentiation of muscle is closely associated with aging (sarcopenia) and diseases such as cancer and type II diabetes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate muscle differentiation will be useful in the treatment and prevention of these conditions. Protein lysine acetylation and methylation are major post-translational modification mechanisms that regulate key cellular processes. In this study, to elucidate the relationship between myogenic differentiation and protein lysine acetylation/methylation, we performed a PCR array of enzymes related to protein lysine acetylation/methylation during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Our results indicated that the expression pattern of HDAC11 was substantially increased during myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of HDAC11 completely inhibited myoblast differentiation, concomitant with reduced expression of key myogenic transcription factors. However, the catalytically inactive mutant of HDAC11 (H142/143A) did not impede myoblast differentiation. In addition, wild-type HDAC11, but not the inactive HDAC11 mutant, suppressed MyoD-induced promoter activities of MEF2C and MYOG (Myogenin), and reduced histone acetylation near the E-boxes, the MyoD binding site, of the MEF2C and MYOG promoters. Collectively, our results indicate that HDAC11 would suppress myoblast differentiation via regulation of MyoD-dependent transcription. These findings suggest that HDAC11 is a novel critical target for controlling myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyung Byun
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Min Jeong Son
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Hyun Sup Kang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
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19
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Pavlidou T, Rosina M, Fuoco C, Gerini G, Gargioli C, Castagnoli L, Cesareni G. Regulation of myoblast differentiation by metabolic perturbations induced by metformin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182475. [PMID: 28859084 PMCID: PMC5578649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic perturbation caused by calorie restriction enhances muscle repair by playing a critical role in regulating satellite cell availability and activity in the muscles of young and old mice. To clarify the underlying mechanisms we asked whether myoblast replication and differentiation are affected by metformin, a calorie restriction-mimicking drug. C2C12, a mouse myoblast cell line, readily differentiate in vitro and fuse to form myotubes. However, when incubated with metformin, C2C12 slow their replication and do not differentiate. Interestingly, lower doses of metformin promote myogenic differentiation. We observe that metformin treatment modulates the expression of cyclins and cyclin inhibitors thereby inducing a cell cycle perturbation that causes a delay in the G2/M transition. The effect of metformin treatment is reversible since after drug withdrawal, myoblasts can re-enter the cell cycle and/or differentiate, depending on culture conditions. Myoblasts cultured under metformin treatment fail to up-regulate MyoD and p21cip1, a key step in cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. Although the details of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of the drug on myoblasts still need to be clarified, we propose that metformin negatively affects myogenic differentiation by inhibiting irreversible exit from the cell cycle through reduction of MyoD and p21cip1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Pavlidou
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rosina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gerini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (GC); (CG)
| | - Luisa Castagnoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (GC); (CG)
| | - Gianni Cesareni
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LC); (GC); (CG)
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20
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Jin W, Liu M, Peng J, Jiang S. Function analysis of Mef2c promoter in muscle differentiation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:647-656. [PMID: 27354201 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle following injury occurs through the activation of satellite cells that proliferates, differentiates, and fuses with injured myofibers. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins are reported to have the potential contributions to adult muscle regeneration. To further understand Mef2c gene, the promoter of pig Mef2c gene was analyzed in this paper. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression pattern of Mef2c gene in muscle of eight tissues. The Mef2c promoter had the higher transcriptional activity in differentiated C2C12 cells than that in proliferating C2C12 cells, which was accompanied by the upregulation of mRNA expression of Mef2c gene. Function deletion and mutation analyses showed that MyoD and MEF2 binding sites within the Mef2c promoter were responsible for the regulation of Mef2c transcription. MEF2C could upregulate the transcriptional activities of Mef2c promoter constructs, which contained a 3'-end nucleotide sequence with p300 binding site. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays determined the MyoD binding site in Mef2c promoter. These results advanced our knowledge of the promoter of the pig Mef2c gene, and the study of Mef2c promoter regulator elements helped to elucidate the regulation mechanisms of Mef2c in muscle differentiation or muscle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Swine Breeding and Genetics & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Key Projects in the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jia X, Ouyang H, Abdalla BA, Xu H, Nie Q, Zhang X. miR-16 controls myoblast proliferation and apoptosis through directly suppressing Bcl2 and FOXO1 activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:674-684. [PMID: 28258011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis mainly involves several steps including myoblast proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and fusion. Except for muscle specific regulators, few miRNAs were proved to coordinate this complex process. Here, we reported that miR-16 inhibited myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast apoptosis by directly targeting Bcl2 and FOXO1. The expression level of miR-16 was significantly decreased in the hypertrophic pectoral muscle compared to the normal pectoral muscle in chicken. In vitro, elevating miR-16 significantly inhibited myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast apoptosis, resulting in about 11.2% cells arrested in G1 phase and 12.3% apoptotic cells in the early stage. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses revealed Bcl2 and FOXO1 as direct targets of miR-16. Consist to the effect of miR-16 on myogenesis, specific inhibition of Bcl2 or FOXO1 significantly suppressed myoblast proliferation and induced myoblast apoptosis, indicating that both Bcl2 and FOXO1 contributed to miR-16 regulatory function in myogenesis. Interestingly, FOXO1, as the core target, mediated multiple growth-related pathways induced by miR-16 such as PI3K-AKT-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed that 234 annotated genes bound by FOXO1 in the early-differentiated myoblasts, which were significantly enriched in myogenic proliferation, death and hypotrophy. Altogether, we proposed that miR-16 acted as a coordinated mediator to suppress myogenesis in avian through the control of myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. These findings have provided a novel mechanism whereby miR-16 represses Bcl2 and FOXO1 expression to maintain myoblast growth and skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hongjia Ouyang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bahareldin Ali Abdalla
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haiping Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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22
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Identification of TWIST-interacting genes in prostate cancer. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:386-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Loss of MyoD Promotes Fate Transdifferentiation of Myoblasts Into Brown Adipocytes. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:212-223. [PMID: 28117277 PMCID: PMC5474440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) represents a promising agent to ameliorate obesity and other metabolic disorders. However, the abundance of BAT decreases with age and BAT paucity is a common feature of obese subjects. As brown adipocytes and myoblasts share a common Myf5 lineage origin, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate choices of brown adipocytes versus myoblasts may lead to novel approaches to expand BAT mass. Here we identify MyoD as a key negative regulator of brown adipocyte development. CRISPR/CAS9-mediated deletion of MyoD in C2C12 myoblasts facilitates their adipogenic transdifferentiation. MyoD knockout downregulates miR-133 and upregulates the miR-133 target Igf1r, leading to amplification of PI3K–Akt signaling. Accordingly, inhibition of PI3K or Akt abolishes the adipogenic gene expression of MyoD null myoblasts. Strikingly, loss of MyoD converts satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts to brown adipocytes through upregulation of Prdm16, a target of miR-133 and key determinant of brown adipocyte fate. Conversely, forced expression of MyoD in brown preadipocytes blocks brown adipogenesis and upregulates the expression of myogenic genes. Importantly, miR-133a knockout significantly blunts the inhibitory effect of MyoD on brown adipogenesis. Our results establish MyoD as a negative regulator of brown adipocyte development by upregulating miR-133 to suppress Akt signaling and Prdm16. Loss of MyoD facilitates adipogenic transdifferentiation of myoblasts. Overexpression of MyoD transdifferentiate brown preadipocytes to myoblasts. MyoD acts partially through miR-133 to suppress brown adipocyte cell fate.
Brown fat burns fat to produce heat, and represents a promising agent to treat obesity and its related disorders. Brown fat cells and muscle cells share a common origin, but what controls the developmental separation of the two cell types is not well understood. This study reports that inhibition of “MyoD” gene in muscle progenitors promotes their differentiation into brown fat cells in mice. Conversely, forced expression of MyoD in brown fat progenitors converts them into muscle cells. This work suggests that inhibition of MyoD may represent a future direction to expand brown fat and alleviate obesity in humans.
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Wang C, Wang M, Arrington J, Shan T, Yue F, Nie Y, Tao WA, Kuang S. Ascl2 inhibits myogenesis by antagonizing the transcriptional activity of myogenic regulatory factors. Development 2016; 144:235-247. [PMID: 27993983 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), including Myf5, MyoD (Myod1) and Myog, are muscle-specific transcription factors that orchestrate myogenesis. Although MRFs are essential for myogenic commitment and differentiation, timely repression of their activity is necessary for the self-renewal and maintenance of muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Here, we define Ascl2 as a novel inhibitor of MRFs. During mouse development, Ascl2 is transiently detected in a subpopulation of Pax7+ MyoD+ progenitors (myoblasts) that become Pax7+ MyoD- satellite cells prior to birth, but is not detectable in postnatal satellite cells. Ascl2 knockout in embryonic myoblasts decreases both the number of Pax7+ cells and the proportion of Pax7+ MyoD- cells. Conversely, overexpression of Ascl2 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of cultured myoblasts and impairs the regeneration of injured muscles. Ascl2 competes with MRFs for binding to E-boxes in the promoters of muscle genes, without activating gene transcription. Ascl2 also forms heterodimers with classical E-proteins to sequester their transcriptional activity on MRF genes. Accordingly, MyoD or Myog expression rescues myogenic differentiation despite Ascl2 overexpression. Ascl2 expression is regulated by Notch signaling, a key governor of satellite cell self-renewal. These data demonstrate that Ascl2 inhibits myogenic differentiation by targeting MRFs and facilitates the generation of postnatal satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Justine Arrington
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Tizhong Shan
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Weiguo Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA .,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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Histone H3 Methyltransferase Suv39h1 Prevents Myogenic Terminal Differentiation by Repressing MEF2 Activity in Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121908. [PMID: 27916793 PMCID: PMC5187760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors have been extensively studied as key transcription factors that regulate myogenic gene expression. However, few reports on the molecular mechanism that modulates chromatin remodeling during skeletal muscle differentiation are available. We reported here that the expression of the H3-K9 methyltransferase Suv39h1 was decreased during myoblast differentiation. Ectopic expression of Suv39h1 could inhibit myoblast differentiation, increasing H3-K9 methylation levels, whereas knockdown of Suv39h1 stimulated myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, Suv39h1 interacted with MEF2C directly and inhibited MEF2 transcription activity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, our studies revealed a molecular mechanism wherein Suv39h1 modulated myogenic gene expression and activation during skeletal muscle differentiation.
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26
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Dnmt1 regulates the myogenic lineage specification of muscle stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35355. [PMID: 27752090 PMCID: PMC5082760 DOI: 10.1038/srep35355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that regulates gene expression. Dnmt1 plays an important role in maintaining DNA methylation patterns on daughter DNA strands. Studies have shed light into the functional role of Dnmt1 regulation in the hematopoietic and epidermal systems. Here we show that Dnmt1 is required for myogenesis. Loss of Dnmt1 results in reduced expression of myogenic genes and defects in myogenic differentiation. We have utilized a conditional knockout mouse approach to examine the functional consequences of Dnmt1 depletion specifically in the developing muscle. These mice were born runted, with smaller body weights, and reduced ability to form myotubes in vitro. We show that expression of Id-1, a negative regulator of myogenesis, is enhanced in Dnmt1-deficient cultures, leading to enhanced transdifferentiation of myoblasts toward the osteogenic lineage. Thus, these studies demonstrate that Dnmt1 influences cellular identity and determines lineage fidelity.
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27
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Yang J, Wang J, Zeng Z, Qiao L, Zhuang L, Jiang L, Wei J, Ma Q, Wu M, Ye S, Gao Q, Ma D, Huang X. Smad4 is required for the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle in zebrafish. Differentiation 2016; 92:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Yajima H, Kawakami K. LowSix4andSix5gene dosage improves dystrophic phenotype and prolongs life span of mdx mice. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:546-61. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yajima
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology; Center for Molecular Medicine; Jichi Medical University; 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke Tochigi 329-0498 Japan
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29
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Zhang H, Chang CM, Shen KN, Xian W, Hsiao CD. Identification of myogenic regulatory genes in the muscle transcriptome of beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus): A major commercial marine fish species with robust swimming ability. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 8:81-4. [PMID: 27222805 PMCID: PMC4856820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus) is considered as one of the most economically important marine fish in East Asia. It is a top predator with a robust swimming ability that is a good model to study muscle physiology in fish. In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (NextSeq500) to sequence, assemble and annotate the muscle transcriptome of juvenile beltfish. A total of 57,509,280 clean reads (deposited in NCBI SRA database with accession number of SRX1674471) were obtained from RNA sequencing and 26,811 unigenes (with N50 of 1033 bp) were obtained after de novo assembling with Trinity software. BLASTX against NR, GO, KEGG and eggNOG databases show 100%, 49%, 31% and 96% annotation rate, respectively. By mining beltfish muscle transcriptome, several key genes which play essential role on regulating myogenesis, including pax3, pax7, myf5, myoD, mrf4/myf6, myogenin and myostatin were identified with a low expression level. The muscle transcriptome of beltfish can provide some insight into the understanding of genome-wide transcriptome profile of teleost muscle tissue and give useful information to study myogenesis in juvenile/adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ning Shen
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Weiwei Xian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence to: W. Xian, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023 Chung-Li, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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30
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Lau KM, Gong AGW, Xu ML, Lam CTW, Zhang LML, Bi CWC, Cui D, Cheng AWM, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Lin H. Transcriptional activity of acetylcholinesterase gene is regulated by DNA methylation during C2C12 myogenesis. Brain Res 2016; 1642:114-123. [PMID: 27021952 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme hydrolyzes neurotransmitter acetylcholine at vertebrate neuromuscular junction, is regulated during myogenesis, indicating the significance of muscle intrinsic factors in controlling the enzyme expression. DNA methylation is essential for temporal control of myogenic gene expression during myogenesis; however, its role in AChE regulation is not known. The promoter of vertebrate ACHE gene carries highly conserved CG-rich regions, implying its likeliness to be methylated for epigenetic regulation. A DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), was applied onto C2C12 cells throughout the myotube formation. When DNA methylation was inhibited, the promoter activity, transcript expression and enzymatic activity of AChE were markedly increased after day 3 of differentiation, which indicated the putative role of DNA methylation. By bisulfite pyrosequencing, the overall methylation rate was found to peak at day 3 during C2C12 cell differentiation; a SP1 site located at -1826bp upstream of mouse ACHE gene was revealed to be heavily methylated. The involvement of transcriptional factor SP1 in epigenetic regulation of AChE was illustrated here: (i) the SP1-driven transcriptional activity was increased in 5-Aza-treated C2C12 culture; (ii) the binding of SP1 onto the SP1 site of ACHE gene was fully blocked by the DNA methylation; and (iii) the sequence flanking SP1 sites of ACHE gene was precipitated by chromatin immuno-precipitation assay. The findings suggested the role of DNA methylation on AChE transcriptional regulation and provided insight in elucidating the DNA methylation-mediated regulatory mechanism on AChE expression during muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei M Lau
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy G W Gong
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda L Xu
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Candy T W Lam
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Laura M L Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cathy W C Bi
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - D Cui
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony W M Cheng
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huangquan Lin
- Division of Life Science and Center of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie disease (PD) is a progressive fibrotic disorder of the penile tunica albuginea that results in fibrotic penile plaques and can lead to penile deformity. Characterized by aberrant fibrosis resulting in part from the persistence of myofibroblasts and altered gene expression, the molecular factors underpinning PD and other related fibrotic diatheses are just being elucidated. A genetic link to PD was first identified three decades ago using pedigree analyses. However, the specific genetic factors that predispose patients to aberrant fibrosis remain unknown, and the relations between these fibrotic conditions and other heritable diseases, including malignancy, are uncharacterized. AIM To review the current landscape linking molecular and genetic factors to aberrant fibrosis in PD and related fibrotic diatheses, including Dupuytren disease. METHODS Review and evaluation of the literature from 1970 to the present for genetic factors associated with PD were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data describing the genetic factors associated with PD were obtained. RESULTS We describe the known structural chromosomal abnormalities and single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fibrotic diatheses and discuss the spectrum of differential gene expression data comparing normal tissues with those derived from men with PD or Dupuytren disease. We discuss epigenetic mechanisms that might regulate gene expression and alter predisposition to fibrosis. CONCLUSION Although the current understanding of the genetic factors associated with PD is limited, significant advances have been made during the past three decades. Further research is necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the landscape of genetic factors responsible for the development of PD.
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Ozawa M. E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain inhibits cell surface localization of endogenous cadherins and fusion of C2C12 myoblasts. Biol Open 2015; 4:1427-35. [PMID: 26453620 PMCID: PMC4728358 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is a highly regulated process that is essential for skeletal muscle formation during muscle development and regeneration in mammals. Much remains to be elucidated about the molecular mechanism of myoblast fusion although cadherins, which are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules, are thought to play a critical role in this process. Mouse myoblasts lacking either N-cadherin or M-cadherin can still fuse to form myotubes, indicating that they have no specific function in this process and may be functionally replaced by either M-cadherin or N-cadherin, respectively. In this study, we show that expressing the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain ectopically in C2C12 myoblasts inhibits cell surface localization of endogenous M-cadherin and N-cadherin, as well as cell-cell fusion. This domain, however, does not inhibit myoblast differentiation according to microarray-based gene expression analysis. In contrast, expressing a dominant-negative β-catenin mutant ectopically, which suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling, did not inhibit cell-cell fusion. Therefore, the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain inhibits cell-cell fusion by inhibiting cell surface localization of endogenous cadherins and not by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ozawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Randolph ME, Pavlath GK. A muscle stem cell for every muscle: variability of satellite cell biology among different muscle groups. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:190. [PMID: 26500547 PMCID: PMC4595652 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains approximately 640 individual skeletal muscles. Despite the fact that all of these muscles are composed of striated muscle tissue, the biology of these muscles and their associated muscle stem cell populations are quite diverse. Skeletal muscles are affected differentially by various muscular dystrophies (MDs), such that certain genetic mutations specifically alter muscle function in only a subset of muscles. Additionally, defective muscle stem cells have been implicated in the pathology of some MDs. The biology of muscle stem cells varies depending on the muscles with which they are associated. Here we review the biology of skeletal muscle stem cell populations of eight different muscle groups. Understanding the biological variation of skeletal muscles and their resident stem cells could provide valuable insight into mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of certain muscles to myopathic disease.
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34
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Andrikou C, Pai CY, Su YH, Arnone MI. Logics and properties of a genetic regulatory program that drives embryonic muscle development in an echinoderm. eLife 2015. [PMID: 26218224 PMCID: PMC4549668 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary origin of muscle is a central question when discussing mesoderm evolution. Developmental mechanisms underlying somatic muscle development have mostly been studied in vertebrates and fly where multiple signals and hierarchic genetic regulatory cascades selectively specify myoblasts from a pool of naive mesodermal progenitors. However, due to the increased organismic complexity and distant phylogenetic position of the two systems, a general mechanistic understanding of myogenesis is still lacking. In this study, we propose a gene regulatory network (GRN) model that promotes myogenesis in the sea urchin embryo, an early branching deuterostome. A fibroblast growth factor signaling and four Forkhead transcription factors consist the central part of our model and appear to orchestrate the myogenic process. The topological properties of the network reveal dense gene interwiring and a multilevel transcriptional regulation of conserved and novel myogenic genes. Finally, the comparison of the myogenic network architecture among different animal groups highlights the evolutionary plasticity of developmental GRNs. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07343.001 Muscles, bones, and blood vessels all develop from a tissue called the mesoderm, which forms early on in the development of an embryo. Networks of genes control which parts of the mesoderm transform into different cell types. The gene networks that control the development of muscle cells from the mesoderm have so far been investigated in flies and several species of animals with backbones. However, these species are complex, which makes it difficult to work out the general principles that control muscle cell development. Sea urchins are often studied in developmental biology as they have many of the same genes as more complex animals, but are much simpler and easier to study in the laboratory. Andrikou et al. therefore investigated the ‘gene regulatory network’ that controls muscle development in sea urchins. This revealed that proteins called Forkhead transcription factors and a process called FGF signaling are crucial for controlling muscle development in sea urchins. These are also important factors for developing muscles in other animals. Andrikou et al. then produced models that show the interactions between the genes that control muscle formation at three different stages of embryonic development. These models reveal several important features of the muscle development gene regulatory network. For example, the network is robust: if one gene fails, the network is connected in a way that allows it to still make muscle. This also allows the network to adapt and evolve without losing the ability to perform any of its existing roles. Comparing the gene regulatory network that controls muscle development in sea urchins with the networks found in other animals showed that many of the same genes are used across different species, but are connected into different network structures. Investigating the similarities and differences of the regulatory networks in different species could help us to understand how muscles have evolved and could ultimately lead to a better understanding of the causes of developmental diseases. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07343.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andrikou
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chih-Yu Pai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maria Ina Arnone
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
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Anti-Differentiation Effect of Oncogenic Met Receptor in Terminally-Differentiated Myotubes. Biomedicines 2015; 3:124-137. [PMID: 28536403 PMCID: PMC5344230 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the hepatocyte growth factor/Met receptor is involved in muscle regeneration, through promotion of proliferation and inhibition of differentiation in myogenic stem cells (MSCs). We previously described that the specific expression of an oncogenic version of the Met receptor (Tpr-Met) in terminally-differentiated skeletal muscle causes muscle wasting in vivo. Here, we induced Tpr-Met in differentiated myotube cultures derived from the transgenic mouse. These cultures showed a reduced protein level of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), increased phosphorylation of Erk1,2 MAPK, the formation of giant sacs of myonuclei and the collapse of elongated myotubes. Treatment of the cultures with an inhibitor of the MAPK kinase pathway or with an inhibitor of the proteasome increased the expression levels of MyHC. In addition, the inhibition of the MAPK kinase pathway prevented the formation of myosacs and myotube collapse. Finally, we showed that induction of Tpr-Met in primary myotubes was unable to produce endoreplication in their nuclei. In conclusion, our data indicate that multinucleated, fused myotubes may be forced to disassemble their contractile apparatus by the Tpr-Met oncogenic factor, but they resist the stimulus toward the reactivation of the cell cycle.
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Gene coexpression networks reveal key drivers of phenotypic divergence in porcine muscle. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:50. [PMID: 25651817 PMCID: PMC4328970 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Domestication of the wild pig has led to obese and lean phenotype breeds, and evolutionary genome research has sought to identify the regulatory mechanisms underlying this phenotypic diversity. However, revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle phenotype variation based on differentially expressed genes has proved to be difficult. To characterize the mechanisms regulating muscle phenotype variation under artificial selection, we aimed to provide an integrated view of genome organization by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Results Our analysis was based on 20 publicly available next-generation sequencing datasets of lean and obese pig muscle generated from 10 developmental stages. The evolution of the constructed coexpression modules was examined using the genome resequencing data of 37 domestic pigs and 11 wild boars. Our results showed the regulation of muscle development might be more complex than had been previously acknowledged, and is regulated by the coordinated action of muscle, nerve and immunity related genes. Breed-specific modules that regulated muscle phenotype divergence were identified, and hundreds of hub genes with major roles in muscle development were determined to be responsible for key functional distinctions between breeds. Our evolutionary analysis showed that the role of changes in the coding sequence under positive selection in muscle phenotype divergence was minor. Conclusions Muscle phenotype divergence was found to be regulated by the divergence of coexpression network modules under artificial selection, and not by changes in the coding sequence of genes. Our results present multiple lines of evidence suggesting links between modules and muscle phenotypes, and provide insights into the molecular bases of genome organization in muscle development and phenotype variation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1238-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Popov B, Petrov N. pRb-E2F signaling in life of mesenchymal stem cells: Cell cycle, cell fate, and cell differentiation. Genes Dis 2014; 1:174-187. [PMID: 30258863 PMCID: PMC6150080 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into various mesodermal lines forming fat, muscle, bone, and other lineages of connective tissue. MSCs possess plasticity and under special metabolic conditions may transform into cells of unusual phenotypes originating from ecto- and endoderm. After transplantation, MSCs release the humoral factors promoting regeneration of the damaged tissue. During last five years, the numbers of registered clinical trials of MSCs have increased about 10 folds. This gives evidence that MSCs present a new promising resource for cell therapy of the most dangerous diseases. The efficacy of the MSCs therapy is limited by low possibilities to regulate their conversion into cells of damaged tissues that is implemented by the pRb-E2F signaling. The widely accepted viewpoint addresses pRb as ubiquitous regulator of cell cycle and tumor suppressor. However, current publications suggest that basic function of the pRb-E2F signaling in development is to regulate cell fate and differentiation. Through facultative and constitutive chromatin modifications, pRb-E2F signaling promotes transient and stable cells quiescence, cell fate choice to differentiate, to senesce, or to die. Loss of pRb is associated with cancer cell fate. pRb regulates cell fate by retaining quiescence of one cell population in favor of commitment of another or by suppression of genes of different cell phenotype. pRb is the founder member of the "pocket protein" family possessing functional redundancy. Critical increase in the efficacy of the MSCs based cell therapy will depend on precise understanding of various aspects of the pRb-E2F signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Popov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, 4, Tikhoretsky Av., 194064, Russia
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Larabee SM, Coia H, Jones S, Cheung E, Gallicano GI. miRNA-17 members that target Bmpr2 influence signaling mechanisms important for embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro and gastrulation in embryos. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:354-71. [PMID: 25209090 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Body axes and germ layers evolve at gastrulation, and in mammals are driven by many genes; however, what orchestrates the genetic pathways during gastrulation remains elusive. Previously, we presented evidence that microRNA-17 (miRNA-17) family members, miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-93, and miR-106a were differentially expressed in mouse embryos and functioned to control differentiation of the stem cell population. Here, we identify function(s) that these miRNAs have during gastrulation. Fluorescent in situ hybridization miRNA probes reveal that these miRNAs are localized at the mid/posterior primitive streak (ps) in distinct populations of primitive ectoderm, mesendoderm, and mesoderm. Seven different miRNA prediction algorithms are identified in silico bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (Bmpr2) as a target of these miRNAs. Bmpr2 is a member of the TGFβ pathway and invokes stage-specific changes during gastrulation. Recently, Bmpr2 was shown regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and invasion. Our previous and current data led to a hypothesis by which members of the miR-17 family influence gastrulation by suppressing Bmpr2 expression at the primitive streak. This suppression influences fate decisions of cells by affecting genes downstream of BMPR2 as well as mesoderm invasion through regulation of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Larabee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia
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Takahashi T, Friedmacher F, Takahashi H, Hofmann AD, Puri P. Myogenin gene expression is not altered in the developing diaphragm of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30:901-6. [PMID: 25056796 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs) represent the only source of muscle precursors cells (MPCs) in the primordial diaphragm. However, the exact pathogenesis of malformed PPFs and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains unclear. The muscle-specific transcription factor myogenin plays a key role during development and muscularization of the fetal diaphragm. Although myogenin knockout mice lack skeletal muscle fibers, the diaphragmatic musculature is intact without any defects. It has further been demonstrated that proliferation and differentiation of MPCs in PPFs and developing diaphragms are normal in rodent CDH models. We hypothesized that myogenin gene expression is not altered in malformed PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were harvested during PPF formation (D13), diaphragmatic development (D14-15) and muscularization (D18-21). Fetal PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature were dissected and divided into nitrofen and control groups. Myogenin mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate myogenin protein expression and distribution. RESULTS Relative mRNA expression of myogenin was not significant different in PPFs (0.30 ± 0.09 vs. 0.48 ± 0.09; P = 0.37), developing diaphragms (1.25 ± 0.29 vs. 1.60 ± 0.32; P=0.53) and diaphragmatic musculature (1.08 ± 0.24 vs. 1.59 ± 0.20; P = 0.15) of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls. Myogenin immunoreactivity was not altered in the muscular components of malformed PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls. CONCLUSION Myogenin gene expression is not altered in PPFs, developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature in the nitrofen-induced CDH model, thus suggesting that diaphragmatic defects in this model develop independent of myogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
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Mohamed JS, Lopez MA, Cox GA, Boriek AM. Ankyrin repeat domain protein 2 and inhibitor of DNA binding 3 cooperatively inhibit myoblast differentiation by physical interaction. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24560-8. [PMID: 23824195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.434423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat domain protein 2 (ANKRD2) translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon myogenic induction. Overexpression of ANKRD2 inhibits C2C12 myoblast differentiation. However, the mechanism by which ANKRD2 inhibits myoblast differentiation is unknown. We demonstrate that the primary myoblasts of mdm (muscular dystrophy with myositis) mice (pMB(mdm)) overexpress ANKRD2 and ID3 (inhibitor of DNA binding 3) proteins and are unable to differentiate into myotubes upon myogenic induction. Although suppression of either ANKRD2 or ID3 induces myoblast differentiation in mdm mice, overexpression of ANKRD2 and inhibition of ID3 or vice versa is insufficient to inhibit myoblast differentiation in WT mice. We identified that ANKRD2 and ID3 cooperatively inhibit myoblast differentiation by physical interaction. Interestingly, although MyoD activates the Ankrd2 promoter in the skeletal muscles of wild-type mice, SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1) activates the same promoter in the skeletal muscles of mdm mice, suggesting the differential regulation of Ankrd2. Overall, we uncovered a novel pathway in which SREBP-1/ANKRD2/ID3 activation inhibits myoblast differentiation, and we propose that this pathway acts as a critical determinant of the skeletal muscle developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaith S Mohamed
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Kim EK, Kim YS, Milner JA, Wang TT. Indole-3-Carbinol and 3′,3′-Diindolylmethane Modulate Androgen's Effect on C-C Chemokine Ligand 2 and Monocyte Attraction to Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:519-29. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ringseis R, Keller J, Eder K. Mechanisms underlying the anti-wasting effect of l-carnitine supplementation under pathologic conditions: evidence from experimental and clinical studies. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1421-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Izzi SA, Colantuono BJ, Sullivan K, Khare P, Meedel TH. Functional studies of the Ciona intestinalis myogenic regulatory factor reveal conserved features of chordate myogenesis. Dev Biol 2013; 376:213-23. [PMID: 23391688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ci-MRF is the sole myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate. In order to investigate its properties we developed a simple in vivo assay based on misexpressing Ci-MRF in the notochord of Ciona embryos. We used this assay to examine the roles of three structural motifs that are conserved among MRFs: an alanine-threonine (Ala-Thr) dipeptide of the basic domain that is known in vertebrates as the myogenic code, a cysteine/histidine-rich (C/H) domain found just N-terminal to the basic domain, and a carboxy-terminal amphipathic α-helix referred to as Helix III. We show that the Ala-Thr dipeptide is necessary for normal Ci-MRF function, and that while eliminating the C/H domain or Helix III individually has no demonstrable effect on Ci-MRF, simultaneous loss of both motifs significantly reduces its activity. Our studies also indicate that direct interaction between CiMRF and an essential E-box of Ciona Troponin I is required for the expression of this muscle-specific gene and that multiple classes of MRF-regulated genes exist in Ciona. These findings are consistent with substantial conservation of MRF-directed myogenesis in chordates and demonstrate for the first time that the Ala/Thr dipeptide of the basic domain of an invertebrate MRF behaves as a myogenic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Izzi
- Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, Providence, RI 02908, USA
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Wang M, Amano SU, Flach RJR, Chawla A, Aouadi M, Czech MP. Identification of Map4k4 as a novel suppressor of skeletal muscle differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:678-87. [PMID: 23207904 PMCID: PMC3571342 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00618-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast differentiation into mature myotubes is a critical step in the development and repair of human skeletal muscle. Here we show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based silencing of the Ste20-like mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (Map4k4) in C2C12 myoblasts markedly enhances expression of myogenic differentiation genes, myoblast fusion, and myotube diameter. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated expression of native Map4k4 in C2C12 cells attenuates each of these processes, indicating that Map4k4 is a negative regulator of myogenic differentiation and hypertrophy. Expression of a Map4k4 kinase-inactive mutant enhances myotube formation, suggesting that the kinase activity of Map4k4 is essential for its inhibition of muscle differentiation. Map4k4 regulation of myogenesis is unlikely to be mediated by classic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, because no significant difference in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is observed in Map4k4-silenced cells. Furthermore, silencing of these other MAPKs does not result in a hypertrophic myotube phenotype like that seen with Map4k4 depletion. Uniquely, Map4k4 silencing upregulates the expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Myf5, whose depletion inhibits myogenesis. Furthermore, Myf5 is required for enhancement of myotube formation in Map4k4-silenced cells, while Myf5 overexpression rescues Map4k4-mediated inhibition of myogenic differentiation. These results demonstrate that Map4k4 is a novel suppressor of skeletal muscle differentiation, acting through a Myf5-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Lau OS, Bergmann DC. Stomatal development: a plant's perspective on cell polarity, cell fate transitions and intercellular communication. Development 2012; 139:3683-92. [PMID: 22991435 DOI: 10.1242/dev.080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plant stomatal lineage manifests features common to many developmental contexts: precursor cells are chosen from an initially equivalent field of cells, undergo asymmetric and self-renewing divisions, communicate among themselves and respond to information from a distance. As we review here, the experimental accessibility of these epidermal lineages, particularly in Arabidopsis, has made stomata a conceptual and technical framework for the study of cell fate, stem cells, and cell polarity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Sun Lau
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
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Naka A, Iida KT, Nakagawa Y, Iwasaki H, Takeuchi Y, Satoh A, Matsuzaka T, Ishii KA, Kobayashi K, Yatoh S, Shimada M, Yahagi N, Suzuki H, Sone H, Yamada N, Shimano H. TFE3 inhibits myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells via down-regulating gene expression of myogenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 430:664-9. [PMID: 23211595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) belongs to a basic helix-loop-helix family, and is involved in the biology of osteoclasts, melanocytes and their malignancies. We previously reported the metabolic effects of TFE3 on insulin in the liver and skeletal muscles in animal models. In the present study, we explored a novel role for TFE3 in a skeletal muscle cell line. When TFE3 was overexpressed in C2C12 myoblasts by adenovirus before induction of differentiation, myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells was significantly inhibited. Adenovirus-mediated TFE3 overexpression also suppressed the gene expression of muscle regulatory factors (MRFs), such as MyoD and myogenin, during C2C12 differentiation. In contrast, knockdown of TFE3 using adenovirus encoding short-hairpin RNAi specific for TFE3 dramatically promoted myoblast differentiation associated with significantly increased expression of MRFs. Consistent with these findings, promoter analyses via luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that TFE3 negatively regulated myogenin promoter activity by direct binding to an E-box, E2, in the myogenin promoter. These findings indicated that TFE3 has a regulatory role in myoblast differentiation, and that transcriptional suppression of myogenin expression may be part of the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Naka
- Doctoral Program of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Spitz F, Furlong EEM. Transcription factors: from enhancer binding to developmental control. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13:613-26. [PMID: 22868264 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1371] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental progression is driven by specific spatiotemporal domains of gene expression, which give rise to stereotypically patterned embryos even in the presence of environmental and genetic variation. Views of how transcription factors regulate gene expression are changing owing to recent genome-wide studies of transcription factor binding and RNA expression. Such studies reveal patterns that, at first glance, seem to contrast with the robustness of the developmental processes they encode. Here, we review our current knowledge of transcription factor function from genomic and genetic studies and discuss how different strategies, including extensive cooperative regulation (both direct and indirect), progressive priming of regulatory elements, and the integration of activities from multiple enhancers, confer specificity and robustness to transcriptional regulation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Spitz
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
The classical genetic approach for exploring biological pathways typically begins by identifying mutations that cause a phenotype of interest. Overexpression or misexpression of a wild-type gene product, however, can also cause mutant phenotypes, providing geneticists with an alternative yet powerful tool to identify pathway components that might remain undetected using traditional loss-of-function analysis. This review describes the history of overexpression, the mechanisms that are responsible for overexpression phenotypes, tests that begin to distinguish between those mechanisms, the varied ways in which overexpression is used, the methods and reagents available in several organisms, and the relevance of overexpression to human disease.
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Du C, Jin YQ, Qi JJ, Ji ZX, Li SY, An GS, Jia HT, Ni JH. Effects of myogenin on expression of late muscle genes through MyoD-dependent chromatin remodeling ability of myogenin. Mol Cells 2012; 34:133-42. [PMID: 22814845 PMCID: PMC3887822 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MyoD and myogenin (Myog) recognize sets of distinct but overlapping target genes and play different roles in skeletal muscle differentiation. MyoD is sufficient for near-full expression of early targets, while Myog can only partially enhance expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes. However, the way in which Myog enhances the expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes remains unclear. Here, we examine the effects of Myog on chromatin remodeling at late muscle gene promoters and their activation within chromatin environment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that Myog selectively bound to the regulatory sequences of late muscle genes. Overexpression of Myog was found to overcome sodium butyrateinhibited chromatin at late muscle genes in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, shifting the transcriptional activation of these genes to an earlier time period. Furthermore, overexpression of Myog led to increased hyperacetylation of core histone H4 in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts but not NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and hyperacetylated H4 was associated directly with the late muscle genes in differentiating C2C12, indicating that Myog can induce chromatin remodeling in the presence of MyoD. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) revealed that Myog was associated with the nuclear protein Brd4 in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Together, these results suggest that Myog enhances the expression of MyoD-initiated late muscle genes through MyoD-dependent ability of Myog to induce chromatin remodeling, in which Myog-Brd4 interaction may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qiong Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Juan Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Xing Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Shun An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ti Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju-Hua Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191,
People’s Republic of China
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