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Zhao Y, Lu J, Hu B, Jiao P, Gao B, Jiang Z, Liu S, Guan S, Ma Y. Cloning and functional analysis of ZmMADS42 gene in maize. GM CROPS & FOOD 2024; 15:105-117. [PMID: 38466176 PMCID: PMC10936638 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2328384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in the world. Flowering period and photoperiod play important roles in the reproductive development of maize. This study, investigated ZmMADS42, a gene that is highly expressed in the shoot apical meristem. Agrobacterium infection was used to successfully obtain overexpressed ZmMADS42 plants. Fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of the ZmMADS42 gene in the shoot apical meristem of transgenic plants was 2.8 times higher than that of the wild-type(WT). In addition, the expression of the ZmMADS42 gene in the endosperm was 2.4 times higher than that in the wild-type. The seed width of the T2 generation increased by 5.35%, whereas the seed length decreased by 7.78% compared with that of the wild-type. Dissection of the shoot tips of transgenic and wild-type plants from the 7-leaf stage to the 9-leaf stage revealed that the transgenic plants entered the differentiation stage earlier and exhibited more tassel meristems during their vegetative growth period. The mature transgenic plants were approximately 20 cm shorter in height and had a lower panicle position than the wild-type plants. Comparing the flowering period, the tasseling, powdering, and silking stages of the transgenic plants occurred 10 days earlier than those of the wild-type plants. The results showed that the ZmMADS42 gene played a significant role in regulating the flowering period and plant height of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bai Gao
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzhong Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyan Guan
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyong Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Niu D, Yuan Y, Liu F, Wang Z, Gao L, Liu C, Zhou G, Gai S. PsSOC1 is involved in the gibberellin pathway to trigger cell proliferation and budburst during endodormancy release in tree peony. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38877710 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) undergoes bud endodormancy, and gibberellin (GA) pathway plays a crucial role in dormancy regulation. Recently, a key DELLA protein PsRGL1 has been identified as a negative regulator of bud dormancy release. However, the mechanism of GA signal to break bud dormancy remains unknown. In this study, yeast two-hybrid screened PsSOC1 interacting with PsRGL1 through its MADS domain, and interaction was identified using pull-down and luciferase complementation imaging assays Transformation in tree peony and hybrid poplar confirmed that PsSOC1 facilitated bud dormancy release. Transcriptome analysis of PsSOC1-overexpressed buds indicated PsCYCD3.3 and PsEBB3 were its potential downstream targets combining with promoter survey, and they also accelerated bud dormancy release verified by genetic analysis. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shifts assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR, and dual luciferase assays confirmed that PsSOC1 could directly bind to the CArG motif of PsCYCD3.3 and PsEBB3 promoters via its MADS domain. PsRGL1-PsSOC1 interaction inhibited the DNA-binding activity of PsSOC1. Additionally, PsCYCD3.3 promoted bud dormancy release by rebooting cell proliferation. These findings elucidated a novel GA pathway, GA-PsRGL1-PsSOC1-PsCYCDs, which expanded our understanding of the GA pathway in bud dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Demei Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Linqiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shupeng Gai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- University Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266109, China
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3
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Castañón-Suárez CA, Arrizubieta M, Castelán-Muñoz N, Sánchez-Rodríguez DB, Caballero-Cordero C, Zluhan-Martínez E, Patiño-Olvera SC, Arciniega-González J, García-Ponce B, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. The MADS-box genes SOC1 and AGL24 antagonize XAL2 functions in Arabidopsis thaliana root development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331269. [PMID: 38576790 PMCID: PMC10994003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
MADS-domain transcription factors play pivotal roles in numerous developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. While their involvement in flowering transition and floral development has been extensively examined, their functions in root development remain relatively unexplored. Here, we explored the function and genetic interaction of three MADS-box genes (XAL2, SOC1 and AGL24) in primary root development. By analyzing loss-of-function and overexpression lines, we found that SOC1 and AGL24, both critical components in flowering transition, redundantly act as repressors of primary root growth as the loss of function of either SOC1 or AGL24 partially recovers the primary root growth, meristem cell number, cell production rate, and the length of fully elongated cells of the short-root mutant xal2-2. Furthermore, we observed that the simultaneous overexpression of AGL24 and SOC1 leads to short-root phenotypes, affecting meristem cell number and fully elongated cell size, whereas SOC1 overexpression is sufficient to affect columella stem cell differentiation. Additionally, qPCR analyses revealed that these genes exhibit distinct modes of transcriptional regulation in roots compared to what has been previously reported for aerial tissues. We identified 100 differentially expressed genes in xal2-2 roots by RNA-seq. Moreover, our findings revealed that the expression of certain genes involved in cell differentiation, as well as stress responses, which are either upregulated or downregulated in the xal2-2 mutant, reverted to WT levels in the absence of SOC1 or AGL24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. Castañón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maite Arrizubieta
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Natalia Castelán-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Postgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Fisiología Vegetal, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Belén Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Caballero-Cordero
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra C. Patiño-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J.Arturo Arciniega-González
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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4
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Shi Y, Zhang S, Gui Q, Qing H, Li M, Yi C, Guo H, Chen H, Xu J, Ding F. The SOC1 gene plays an important role in regulating litchi flowering time. Genomics 2024; 116:110804. [PMID: 38307485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a valuable subtropical fruit tree with high-quality fruit. However, its economic benefits and sustainable development are restrained by a number of challenges. One major challenge is the lack of extremely early and late maturing high-quality varieties due to limited availability of varieties suitable for commercial cultivation and outdated breeding methods, resulting in an imbalanced supply and low price of litchi. Flowering time is a crucial genetic factor influencing the maturation period of litchi. Our previous research has highlighted the pivotal role of the LcFT1 gene in regulating the flowering time of litchi and identified a gene associated with LcFT1 (named as LcSOC1) based on RNA-Seq and weight gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis. This study further investigated the function of LcSOC1. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LcSOC1 is primarily localized in the nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor. LcSOC1 overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in significant early flowering. Furthermore, LcSOC1 was found to be expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in mature leaves. Analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns of LcSOC1 in litchi varieties with different flowering time under low temperature treatment and across an annual cycle demonstrated that LcSOC1 is responsive to low temperature induction. Interestingly, early maturing varieties exhibited higher sensitivity to low temperature, with significantly premature induction of LcSOC1 expression relative to late maturing varieties. Activation of LcSOC1 triggered the transition of litchi into the flowering phase. These findings demonstrate that LcSOC1 plays a pivotal role in regulating the flowering process and determining the flowering time in litchi. Overall, this study provides theoretical guidance and important target genes for molecular breeding to regulate litchi production period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Shi
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China.
| | - Qiulin Gui
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Haowei Qing
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ming Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Chenxin Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jiongzhi Xu
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China.
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5
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Roelfs KU, Känel A, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Epigenetic variation in early and late flowering plants of the rubber-producing Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz provides insights into the regulation of flowering time. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4283. [PMID: 38383610 PMCID: PMC10881582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz) grows in temperate zones and produces large amounts of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) in its roots, making it an attractive alternative source of natural rubber. Most T. koksaghyz plants require vernalization to trigger flower development, whereas early flowering varieties that have lost their vernalization dependence are more suitable for breeding and domestication. To provide insight into the regulation of flowering time in T. koksaghyz, we induced epigenetic variation by in vitro cultivation and applied epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis to the resulting early flowering plants and late flowering controls, allowing us to identify differences in methylation patterns and gene expression that correlated with flowering. This led to the identification of candidate genes homologous to vernalization and photoperiodism response genes in other plants, as well as epigenetic modifications that may contribute to the control of flower development. Some of the candidate genes were homologous to known floral regulators, including those that directly or indirectly regulate the major flowering control gene FT. Our atlas of genes can be used as a starting point to investigate mechanisms that control flowering time in T. koksaghyz in greater detail and to develop new breeding varieties that are more suited to domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Roelfs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Känel
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
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6
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Jones DM, Hepworth J, Wells R, Pullen N, Trick M, Morris RJ. A transcriptomic time-series reveals differing trajectories during pre-floral development in the apex and leaf in winter and spring varieties of Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3538. [PMID: 38347020 PMCID: PMC10861513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important global oil crop, with spring and winter varieties grown commercially. To understand the transcriptomic differences between these varieties, we collected transcriptomes from apex and leaf tissue from a spring variety, Westar, and a winter variety, Tapidor, before, during, and after vernalisation treatment, until the plants flowered. Large transcriptomic differences were noted in both varieties during the vernalisation treatment because of temperature and day length changes. Transcriptomic alignment revealed that the apex transcriptome reflects developmental state, whereas the leaf transcriptome is more closely aligned to the age of the plant. Similar numbers of copies of genes were expressed in both varieties during the time series, although key flowering time genes exhibited expression pattern differences. BnaFLC copies on A2 and A10 are the best candidates for the increased vernalisation requirement of Tapidor. Other BnaFLC copies show tissue-dependent reactivation of expression post-cold, with these dynamics suggesting some copies have retained or acquired a perennial nature. BnaSOC1 genes, also related to the vernalisation pathway, have expression profiles which suggest tissue subfunctionalisation. This understanding may help to breed varieties with more consistent or robust vernalisation responses, of special importance due to the milder winters resulting from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marc Jones
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- Synthace, The WestWorks, 195 Wood Lane, 4th Floor, London, W12 7FQ, UK.
| | - Jo Hepworth
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rachel Wells
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Nick Pullen
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Martin Trick
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Richard J Morris
- Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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7
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Wiese AJ, Torutaeva E, Honys D. The transcription factors and pathways underpinning male reproductive development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354418. [PMID: 38390292 PMCID: PMC10882072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
As Arabidopsis flowers mature, specialized cells within the anthers undergo meiosis, leading to the production of haploid microspores that differentiate into mature pollen grains, each containing two sperm cells for double fertilization. During pollination, the pollen grains are dispersed from the anthers to the stigma for subsequent fertilization. Transcriptomic studies have identified a large number of genes expressed over the course of male reproductive development and subsequent functional characterization of some have revealed their involvement in floral meristem establishment, floral organ growth, sporogenesis, meiosis, microsporogenesis, and pollen maturation. These genes encode a plethora of proteins, ranging from transcriptional regulators to enzymes. This review will focus on the regulatory networks that control male reproductive development, starting from flower development and ending with anther dehiscence, with a focus on transcription factors and some of their notable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johanna Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elnura Torutaeva
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Zhao H, Tian Z, Song G, Xiang S, Wang Y, He Y, Lv X, Wang J, Yang Z, Liu Y, Wang D, Li W. Natural variation in the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 2 in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) is associated with flowering time under short-day conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:442-459. [PMID: 37969013 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Late flowering is a serious bottleneck in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) agriculture production. Although key genes governing flowering time have been reported in many species, the regulatory network of flowering in pumpkin remains largely obscure, thereby impeding the resolution of industry-wide challenges associated with delayed fruit ripening in pumpkin cultivation. Here, we report an early flowering pumpkin germplasm accession (LXX-4). Using LXX-4 and a late flowering germplasm accession (HYM-9), we constructed an F2 segregation population. A significant difference in FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 2 (FTL2) expression level was identified to be the causal factor of the flowering time trait discrepancy in LXX-4 and HYM-9. Moreover, we have shown that a 21 bp InDel in the FTL2 promoter was the key reason for the waxing and waning of its transcript level. The 21 bp deletion excluded a repressor-AGL19 and recruited activators-BBX7, WRKY40 and SVP to the FTL2 promoter in LXX-4. Together, our data add a useful element to our knowledge which could be used to simplify breeding efforts for early-maturing pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiyu Tian
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoyi Song
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuanglu Xiang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoran Lv
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Seeds Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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9
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Li X, Lai M, Li K, Yang L, Liao J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Shen W, Luo M, Yang C. FLZ13 interacts with FLC and ABI5 to negatively regulate flowering time in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1334-1347. [PMID: 38053494 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, known as flowering, is a critical developmental process in flowering plants to ensure reproductive success. This process is strictly controlled by various internal and external cues; however, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms need to be further characterized. Here, we report a plant-specific protein, FCS-LIKE ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 13 (FLZ13), which functions as a hitherto unknown negative modulator of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemical analysis showed that FLZ13 directly interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a major flowering repressor, and that FLZ13 largely depends on FLC to repress the transcription of two core flowering integrators: FLOWERING LOCUS T and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1. In addition, FLZ13 works together with ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 to activate FLC expression to delay flowering. Taken together, our findings suggest that FLZ13 is an important component of the gene regulatory network for flowering time control in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Minyi Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lianming Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingmiao Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wenjin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Huang NC, Tien HC, Yu TS. Arabidopsis leaf-expressed AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 mRNA systemically specifies floral meristem differentiation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:504-515. [PMID: 37766487 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants can record external stimuli in mobile mRNAs and systemically deliver them to distal tissues to adjust development. Despite the identification of thousands of mobile mRNAs, the functional relevance of mobile mRNAs remains limited. Many mobile mRNAs are synthesized in the source cells that perceive environmental stimuli, but specifically exert their functions upon transportation to the recipient cells. However, the translation of mobile mRNA-encoded protein in the source cells could locally activate downstream target genes. How plants avoid ectopic functions of mobile mRNAs in the source cells to achieve tissue specificity remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that Arabidopsis AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24) is a mobile mRNA whose movement is necessary and sufficient to specify floral organ identity. Although AGL24 mRNA is expressed in vegetative tissues, AGL24 protein exclusively accumulates in the shoot apex. In leaves, AGL24 proteins are degraded to avoid ectopically activating its downstream target genes. Our results reveal how selective protein degradation in source cells provides a strategy to limit the local effects associated with proteins encoded by mobile mRNAs, which ensures that mobile mRNAs specifically trigger systemic responses only in recipient tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Chen Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chi Tien
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shin Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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11
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Yang Y, Tian H, Xu C, Li H, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Yuan W. Arabidopsis SEC13B Interacts with Suppressor of Frigida 4 to Repress Flowering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17248. [PMID: 38139079 PMCID: PMC10744139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SECRETORY13 (SEC13) is an essential member of the coat protein complex II (COPII), which was reported to mediate vesicular-specific transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus and plays a crucial role in early secretory pathways. In Arabidopsis, there are two homologous proteins of SEC13: SEC13A and SEC13B. SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA 4 (SUF4) encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that inhibits flowering by transcriptionally activating the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) through the FRIGIDA (FRI) pathway in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether SEC13 proteins are involved in Arabidopsis flowering. In this study, we first identified that the sec13b mutant exhibited early flowering under both long-day and short-day conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that both SEC13A and SEC13B were expressed in all the checked tissues, and transient expression assays indicated that SEC13A and SEC13B were localized not only in the ER but also in the nucleus. Then, we identified that SEC13A and SEC13B could interact with SUF4 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, both sec13b and suf4 single mutants flowered earlier than the wild type (Col-0), whereas the sec13b suf4 double mutant flowered even earlier than all the others. In addition, the expression of flowering inhibitor FLC was down-regulated, and the expressions of flowering activator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), CONSTANS (CO), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1) were up-regulated in sec13b, suf4, and sec13b suf4 mutants, compared with Col-0. Taken together, our results indicated that SEC13B interacted with SUF4, and they may co-regulate the same genes in flowering-regulation pathways. These results also suggested that the COPII component could function in flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (C.X.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.Y.); (H.T.); (C.X.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
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12
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Cerise M, da Silveira Falavigna V, Rodríguez-Maroto G, Signol A, Severing E, Gao H, van Driel A, Vincent C, Wilkens S, Iacobini FR, Formosa-Jordan P, Pajoro A, Coupland G. Two modes of gene regulation by TFL1 mediate its dual function in flowering time and shoot determinacy of Arabidopsis. Development 2023; 150:dev202089. [PMID: 37971083 PMCID: PMC10730086 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ primordia develop successively at the shoot apical meristem (SAM). In Arabidopsis, primordia formed early in development differentiate into vegetative leaves, whereas those formed later generate inflorescence branches and flowers. TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), a negative regulator of transcription, acts in the SAM to delay flowering and to maintain inflorescence meristem indeterminacy. We used confocal microscopy, time-resolved transcript profiling and reverse genetics to elucidate this dual role of TFL1. We found that TFL1 accumulates dynamically in the SAM reflecting its dual function. Moreover, TFL1 represses two major sets of genes. One set includes genes that promote flowering, expression of which increases earlier in tfl1 mutants. The other set is spatially misexpressed in tfl1 inflorescence meristems. The misexpression of these two gene sets in tfl1 mutants depends upon FD transcription factor, with which TFL1 interacts. Furthermore, the MADS-box gene SEPALLATA 4, which is upregulated in tfl1, contributes both to the floral transition and shoot determinacy defects of tfl1 mutants. Thus, we delineate the dual function of TFL1 in shoot development in terms of its dynamic spatial distribution and different modes of gene repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cerise
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Vítor da Silveira Falavigna
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Gabriel Rodríguez-Maroto
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Antoine Signol
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Edouard Severing
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - He Gao
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Annabel van Driel
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Coral Vincent
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Sandra Wilkens
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Francesca Romana Iacobini
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Pau Formosa-Jordan
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Alice Pajoro
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, c/o Department Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’ Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - George Coupland
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
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Kim W, Jeon H, Lee H, Sohn KH, Segonzac C. The Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Type III Effector RipL Delays Flowering and Promotes Susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Cells 2023; 46:710-724. [PMID: 37968984 PMCID: PMC10654456 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant defense responses to microbial infection are tightly regulated and integrated with the developmental program for optimal resources allocation. Notably, the defense- associated hormone salicylic acid (SA) acts as a promoter of flowering while several plant pathogens actively target the flowering signaling pathway to promote their virulence or dissemination. Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum inject tens of effectors in the host cells that collectively promote bacterial proliferation in plant tissues. Here, we characterized the function of the broadly conserved R. pseudosolanacearum effector RipL, through heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana . RipL-expressing transgenic lines presented a delayed flowering, which correlated with a low expression of flowering regulator genes. Delayed flowering was also observed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently expressing RipL. In parallel, RipL promoted plant susceptibility to virulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae in the effector-expressing lines or when delivered by the type III secretion system. Unexpectedly, SA accumulation and SA-dependent immune signaling were not significantly affected by RipL expression. Rather, the RNA-seq analysis of infected RipL-expressing lines revealed that the overall amplitude of the transcriptional response was dampened, suggesting that RipL could promote plant susceptibility in an SA-independent manner. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning RipL effect on flowering and immunity may reveal novel effector functions in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhui Kim
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyelim Jeon
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kee Hoon Sohn
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cécile Segonzac
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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14
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Wang J, Eulgem T. The Arabidopsis RRM domain proteins EDM3 and IBM2 coordinate the floral transition and basal immune responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:128-143. [PMID: 37347678 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive development (floral transition) is a costly process in annual plants requiring increased investments in metabolic resources. The Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) PHD finger protein EDM2 and RRM domain proteins EDM3 and IBM2 are known to form chromatin-associated complexes controlling transcript processing. We are reporting that distinct splice isoforms of EDM3 and IBM2 cooperate in the coordination of the floral transition with basal immune responses. These cooperating splice isoforms, termed EDM3L and IBM2L, control the intensity of basal immunity and, via a separate pathway, the timing of the floral transition. During the developmental phase prior to the floral transition expression of EDM3L and IBM2L strongly and gradually increases, while these isoforms simultaneously down-regulate expression of the floral suppressor gene FLC and promote the transition to reproductive growth. At the same time these accumulating EDM3 and IBM2 splice isoforms gradually suppress basal immunity against the virulent Noco2 isolate of the pathogenic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and down-regulate expression of a set of defense-associated genes and immune receptor genes. We are providing clear evidence for a functional link between the floral transition and basal immunity in the annual plant Arabidopsis. Coordination of these two biological processes, which compete for metabolic resources, is likely critical for plant survival and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Thomas Eulgem
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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15
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Zhou P, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhou Q. Identification and Expression of the MADS-box Gene Family in Different Versions of the Ginkgo biloba Genome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3334. [PMID: 37765498 PMCID: PMC10535167 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors play important roles in many organisms. These transcription factors are involved in processes such as the formation of the flower organ structure and the seed development of plants. Ginkgo biloba has two genome versions (version 2019 and version 2021), and there is no analysis or comparison of the MADS-box gene family in these two genomes. In this study, 26 and 20 MADS-box genes were identified from the two genomes of Ginkgo, of which 12 pairs of genes reached more than 80% similarity. According to our phylogenetic analysis results, we divided these genes into type I (Mα and Mγ subfamilies) and type II (MIKC and Mδ subfamilies) members. We found that both sets of genomes lacked the Mβ gene, while the MIKC gene was the most numerous. Further analysis of the gene structure showed that the MIKC genes in the two genomes had extralong introns (≥20 kb); these introns had different splicing patterns, and their expression might be more abundant. The gene expression analysis proved that GbMADS genes were expressed to varying degrees in eight Ginkgo biological tissues. Type II GbMADS genes not only were found to be related to female flower bud differentiation and development but also are important in seed development. Therefore, MADS-box genes may play important roles in the development of Ginkgo reproductive organs, which may suggest a genetic role in sexual differentiation. This study further contributes to the research on MADS-box genes and provides new insights into sex determination in Ginkgo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Zhou
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, 399 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zesen Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Yingang Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, 399 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Zhou
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, 399 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China; (P.Z.); (Y.L.)
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16
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Bobadilla LK, Baek Y, Tranel PJ. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of male and females in the dioecious weeds Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus tuberculatus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:339. [PMID: 37365527 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) are two dioecious and important weed species in the world that can rapidly evolve herbicide-resistance traits. Understanding these two species' dioecious and sex-determination mechanisms could open opportunities for new tools to control them. This study aims to identify the differential expression patterns between males and females in A. tuberculatus and A. palmeri. Multiple analyses, including differential expression, co-expression, and promoter analyses, used RNA-seq data from multiple tissue types to identify putative essential genes for sex determination in both dioecious species. RESULTS Genes were identified as potential key players for sex determination in A. palmeri. Genes PPR247, WEX, and ACD6 were differentially expressed between the sexes and located at scaffold 20 within or near the male-specific Y (MSY) region. Multiple genes involved with flower development were co-expressed with these three genes. For A. tuberculatus, no differentially expressed gene was identified within the MSY region; however, multiple autosomal class B and C genes were identified as differentially expressed and possible candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study comparing the global expression profile between males and females in dioecious weedy Amaranthus species. Results narrow down putative essential genes for sex-determination in A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus and also strengthen the hypothesis of two different evolutionary events for dioecy within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K Bobadilla
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yousoon Baek
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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17
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Li X, Shen C, Chen R, Sun B, Li D, Guo X, Wu C, Khan N, Chen B, Yuan J. Function of BrSOC1b gene in flowering regulation of Chinese cabbage and its protein interaction. PLANTA 2023; 258:21. [PMID: 37326883 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION BrSOC1b may promote early flowering of Chinese cabbage by acting on BrAGL9 a, BrAGL9 b, BrAGL2 and BrAGL8 proteins. SOC1 is a flowering signal integrator that acts as a key regulator in controlling plant flowering time. This study focuses on the cloning of the open reading frame of SOC1b (BrSOC1b, Gene ID: Bra000393) gene, and analyzes its structure and phylogenetic relationships. Additionally, various techniques such as vector construction, transgenic technology, virus-induced gene silencing technology, and protein interaction technology were employed to investigate the function of the BrSOC1b gene and its interactions with other proteins. The results indicate that BrSOC1b consists of 642 bp and encodes 213 amino acids. It contains conserved domains such as the MADS domain, K (keratin-like) domain, and SOC1 box. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that BrSOC1b shares the closest homology with BjSOC1 from Brassica juncea. Tissue localization analysis demonstrates that BrSOC1b exhibits the highest expression in the stem during the seedling stage and the highest expression in flowers during the early stage of pod formation. Sub-cellular localization analysis reveals that BrSOC1b is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Furthermore, through genetic transformation of the BrSOC1b gene, it was observed that Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing BrSOC1b flowered earlier and bolted earlier than wild-type plants. Conversely, Chinese cabbage plants with silenced BrSOC1b exhibited delayed bolting and flowering compared to the control plants. These findings indicate that BrSOC1b promotes early flowering in Chinese cabbage. Yeast two-hybrid and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses suggest that BrSOC1b may participate in the regulation of flowering by interacting with BrAGL9a, BrAGL9b, BrAGL2, and BrAGL8 proteins. Overall, this research holds significant implications for the analysis of key genes involved in regulating bolting and flowering in Chinese cabbage, as well as for enhancing germplasm innovation in Chinese cabbage breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Changwei Shen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Daohan Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinlei Guo
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Global Institute for Food Security, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bihua Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of the Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Plants, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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18
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Yang H, Zhang P, Guo D, Wang N, Lin H, Wang X, Niu L. Transcriptional repressor AGL79 positively regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 285:153985. [PMID: 37148653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The MADS-box gene family is widely distributed in higher plants and the members of the angiosperm-specific APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL) subfamily plays important roles in the regulation of plant reproductive development. Recent studies revealed that the AP1/FUL subfamily member Dt2, VEGETATIVE1/PsFRUITFULc (VEG1/PsFULc) and MtFRUITFULc (MtFULc) are essential for the stem growth, branching and inflorescence development in legume species soybean (Glycine max), pea (Pisum sativum) and Medicago truncatula. However, the biological function of their homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana, AGAMOUS-LIKE 79 (AGL79), has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the developmental roles of Arabidopsis AGL79 by CRISPR/Cas9-mutagenesis and molecular and physiological analyses. We found that AGL79 mainly acts as a transcriptional repressor and positively regulates Arabidopsis flowering time. We further revealed that AGL79 interacts with SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 (SOC1) and represses the expression of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1). Our results demonstrated the AGL79-mediated flowering regulation in Arabidopsis and added an additional layer of complexity to the understanding of flowering time regulation in dicot plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China; Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Diandian Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Na Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Lifang Niu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Manrique S, Caselli F, Matías-Hernández L, Franks RG, Colombo L, Gregis V. Assessing the role of REM13, REM34 and REM46 during the transition to the reproductive phase in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01357-1. [PMID: 37171544 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
REM (reproductive meristem) transcription factors have been proposed as regulators of plant reproductive development mainly based on their specific expression patterns in reproductive structures, but their roles are still largely unknown probably because of their redundancy. We selected three REM genes (REM13, REM34 and REM46) for functional analysis, based on their genome position and/or co-expression data.Our results suggest that these genes have a role in flowering time regulation and may modulate cell cycle progression. In addition, protein interaction experiments revealed that REM34 and REM46 interact with each other, suggesting that they might work cooperatively to regulate cell division during inflorescence meristem commitment.Previous attempts of using co-expression data as a guide for functional analysis of REMs were limited by the transcriptomic data available at the time. Our results uncover previously unknown functions of three members of the REM family of Arabidopsis thaliana and open the door to more comprehensive studies of the REM family, where the combination of co-expression analysis followed by functional studies might contribute to uncovering the biological roles of these proteins and the relationship among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Manrique
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caselli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Matías-Hernández
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Tricopharming, C/Pallars 99, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert G Franks
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 27606, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Liu X, Xing Q, Liu X, Müller-Xing R. Expression of the Populus Orthologues of AtYY1, YIN and YANG Activates the Floral Identity Genes AGAMOUS and SEPALLATA3 Accelerating Floral Transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087639. [PMID: 37108801 PMCID: PMC10146089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
YIN YANG 1 (YY1) encodes a dual-function transcription factor, evolutionary conserved between the animal and plant kingdom. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtYY1 is a negative regulator of ABA responses and floral transition. Here, we report the cloning and functional characterization of the two AtYY1 paralogs, YIN and YANG (also named PtYY1a and PtYY1b) from Populus (Populus trichocarpa). Although the duplication of YY1 occurred early during the evolution of the Salicaceae, YIN and YANG are highly conserved in the willow tree family. In the majority of Populus tissues, YIN was more strongly expressed than YANG. Subcellular analysis showed that YIN-GFP and YANG-GFP are mainly localized in the nuclei of Arabidopsis. Stable and constitutive expression of YIN and YANG resulted in curled leaves and accelerated floral transition of Arabidopsis plants, which was accompanied by high expression of the floral identity genes AGAMOUS (AG) and SEPELLATA3 (SEP3) known to promote leaf curling and early flowering. Furthermore, the expression of YIN and YANG had similar effects as AtYY1 overexpression to seed germination and root growth in Arabidopsis. Our results suggest that YIN and YANG are functional orthologues of the dual-function transcription factor AtYY1 with similar roles in plant development conserved between Arabidopsis and Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Liu
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qian Xing
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ralf Müller-Xing
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Jiujiang 332900, China
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Kinoshita Y, Motoki K, Hosokawa M. Upregulation of tandem duplicated BoFLC1 genes is associated with the non-flowering trait in Brassica oleracea var. capitata. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:41. [PMID: 36897379 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tandem duplicated BoFLC1 genes (BoFLC1a and BoFLC1b), which were identified as the candidate causal genes for the non-flowering trait in the cabbage mutant 'nfc', were upregulated during winter in 'nfc'. The non-flowering natural cabbage mutant 'nfc' was discovered from the breeding line 'T15' with normal flowering characteristics. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis underlying the non-flowering trait of 'nfc'. First, 'nfc' was induced to flower using the grafting floral induction method, and three F2 populations were generated. The flowering phenotype of each F2 population was widely distributed with non-flowering individuals appearing in two populations. QTL-seq analysis detected a genomic region associated with flowering date at approximately 51 Mb on chromosome 9 in two of the three F2 populations. Subsequent validation and fine mapping of the candidate genomic region using QTL analysis identified the quantitative trait loci (QTL) at 50,177,696-51,474,818 bp on chromosome 9 covering 241 genes. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis in leaves and shoot apices of 'nfc' and 'T15' plants identified 19 and 15 differentially expressed genes related to flowering time, respectively. Based on these results, we identified tandem duplicated BoFLC1 genes, which are homologs of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C, as the candidate genes responsible for the non-flowering trait of 'nfc'. We designated the tandem duplicated BoFLC1 genes as BoFLC1a and BoFLC1b. Expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of BoFLC1a and BoFLC1b were downregulated during winter in 'T15' but were upregulated and maintained during winter in 'nfc'. Additionally, the expression level of the floral integrator BoFT was upregulated in the spring in 'T15' but hardly upregulated in 'nfc'. These results suggest that the upregulated levels of BoFLC1a and BoFLC1b contributed to the non-flowering trait of 'nfc'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Motoki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0218, Japan
| | - Munetaka Hosokawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute (ATIRI), Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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22
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Parveen N, Abourehab MAS, Thanikachalam PV, Khar RK, Kesharwani P. Nanocrystals as an emerging nanocarrier for the management of dermatological diseases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113231. [PMID: 36907135 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin conditions are amongst the most prevalent health issues in the world and come with a heavy economic, social, and psychological burden. Incurable and chronic skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, fungal infections are linked to major morbidity in the manner of physical pain and a reduction in quality life of patients. Several drugs have difficulties for penetrating the skin due to the barrier mechanism of the skin layers and the incompatible physicochemical characteristics of the drugs. This has led to the introduction of innovative drug delivery methods. Currently, formulations depend on nanocrystals have indeed been researched for topical administration of drugs and have resulted in enhanced skin penetration. This review focuses on skin penetration barriers, modern methods to enhance topical distribution, and the use of nanocrystals to overcome these barriers. By means of mechanisms such as adherence to skin, creation of diffusional corona, targeting of hair follicles, and the generation of a greater concentration gradient throughout the skin, nanocrystals could enhance transport across the skin. Scientists working on product formulations incorporating chemicals that are "challenging-to-deliver" topically may find the most current findings to be of relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram - Chennai Rd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Roop K Khar
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
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23
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Jeon M, Jeong G, Yang Y, Luo X, Jeong D, Kyung J, Hyun Y, He Y, Lee I. Vernalization-triggered expression of the antisense transcript COOLAIR is mediated by CBF genes. eLife 2023; 12:84594. [PMID: 36722843 PMCID: PMC10036118 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To synchronize flowering time with spring, many plants undergo vernalization, a floral-promotion process triggered by exposure to long-term winter cold. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this is achieved through cold-mediated epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). COOLAIR, a cold-induced antisense RNA transcribed from the FLC locus, has been proposed to facilitate FLC silencing. Here, we show that C-repeat (CRT)/dehydration-responsive elements (DREs) at the 3'-end of FLC and CRT/DRE-binding factors (CBFs) are required for cold-mediated expression of COOLAIR. CBFs bind to CRT/DREs at the 3'-end of FLC, both in vitro and in vivo, and CBF levels increase gradually during vernalization. Cold-induced COOLAIR expression is severely impaired in cbfs mutants in which all CBF genes are knocked-out. Conversely, CBF-overexpressing plants show increased COOLAIR levels even at warm temperatures. We show that COOLAIR is induced by CBFs during early stages of vernalization but COOLAIR levels decrease in later phases as FLC chromatin transitions to an inactive state to which CBFs can no longer bind. We also demonstrate that cbfs and FLCΔCOOLAIR mutants exhibit a normal vernalization response despite their inability to activate COOLAIR expression during cold, revealing that COOLAIR is not required for the vernalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjune Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goowon Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Daesong Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseul Kyung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbong Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuehui He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, China
| | - Ilha Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Johansson M, Steffen A, Lewinski M, Kobi N, Staiger D. HDF1, a novel flowering time regulator identified in a mutant suppressing sensitivity to red light reduced 1 early flowering. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1404. [PMID: 36697433 PMCID: PMC9876914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis SENSITIVITY TO RED LIGHT REDUCED 1 (SRR1) delays the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in noninductive conditions. A second-site suppressor screen for novel genes that overcome early flowering of srr1-1 identified a range of suppressor of srr1-1 mutants flowering later than srr1-1 in short photoperiods. Here, we focus on mutants flowering with leaf numbers intermediate between srr1-1 and Col. Ssm67 overcomes srr1-1 early flowering independently of day-length and ambient temperature. Full-genome sequencing and linkage mapping identified a causative SNP in a gene encoding a Haloacid dehalogenase superfamily protein, named HAD-FAMILY REGULATOR OF DEVELOPMENT AND FLOWERING 1 (HDF1). Both, ssm67 and hdf1-1 show increased levels of FLC, indicating that HDF1 is a novel regulator of this floral repressor. HDF1 regulates flowering largely independent of SRR1, as the effect is visible in srr1-1 and in Col, but full activity on FLC may require SRR1. Furthermore, srr1-1 has a delayed leaf initiation rate that is dependent on HDF1, suggesting that SRR1 and HDF1 act together in leaf initiation. Another mutant flowering intermediate between srr1-1 and wt, ssm15, was identified as a new allele of ARABIDOPSIS SUMO PROTEASE 1, previously implicated in the regulation of FLC stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Johansson
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Alexander Steffen
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martin Lewinski
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Natalie Kobi
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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25
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Benaouda S, Stöcker T, Schoof H, Léon J, Ballvora A. Transcriptome profiling at the transition to the reproductive stage uncovers stage and tissue-specific genes in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36631761 PMCID: PMC9835304 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from vegetative to floral phase is the result of complex crosstalk of exogenous and endogenous floral integrators. This critical physiological event is the response to environmental interaction, which causes biochemical cascades of reactions at different internal tissues, organs, and releases signals that make the plant moves from vegetative status to a reproductive phase. This network controlling flowering time is not deciphered largely in bread wheat. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis at a transition time in combination with genetic mapping was used to identify responsible genes in a stage and tissue-specific manner. For this reason, two winter cultivars that have been bred in Germany showing contrasting and stable heading time in different environments were selected for the analysis. RESULTS In total, 670 and 1075 differentially expressed genes in the shoot apical meristem and leaf tissue, respectively, could be identified in 23 QTL intervals for the heading date. In the transition apex, Histone methylation H3-K36 and regulation of circadian rhythm are both controlled by the same homoeolog genes mapped in QTL TaHd112, TaHd124, and TaHd137. TaAGL14 gene that identifies the floral meristem was mapped in TaHd054 in the double ridge. In the same stage, the homoeolog located on chromosome 7D of FLOWERING TIME LOCUS T mapped on chr 7B, which evolved an antagonist function and acts as a flowering repressor was uncovered. The wheat orthologue of transcription factor ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) was identified in the late reproductive stage and was mapped in TaHd102, which is strongly associated with heading date. Deletion of eight nucleotides in the AS1 promoter could be identified in the binding site of the SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS OVEREXPRESSION 1 (SOC1) gene in the late flowering cultivar. Both proteins AS1 and SOC1 are inducing flowering time in response to gibberellin biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The global transcriptomic at the transition phase uncovered stage and tissue-specific genes mapped in QTL of heading date in winter wheat. In response to Gibberellin signaling, wheat orthologous transcription factor AS1 is expressed in the late reproductive phase of the floral transition. The locus harboring this gene is the strongest QTL associated with the heading date trait in the German cultivars. Consequently, we conclude that this is another indication of the Gibberellin biosynthesis as the mechanism behind the heading variation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Benaouda
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tyll Stöcker
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Schoof
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Chair of Plant Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Li X, Ping A, Qi X, Li M, Hou L. Cloning, expression and functional analysis of the SOC1 homologous gene in pak choi ( Brassica rapa ssp. Chinensis makino). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2134823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taigu, P.R. China
| | - Amin Ping
- Department of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taigu, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Qi
- Department of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taigu, P.R. China
| | - Meilan Li
- Department of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taigu, P.R. China
| | - Leiping Hou
- Department of Vegetable, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taigu, P.R. China
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27
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Zhao K, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Zheng RY, Hu M, Tong Y, Luo X, Zhang Y, Shen ML. The collaborative mode by PmSVPs and PmDAMs reveals neofunctionalization in the switch of the flower bud development and dormancy for Prunus mume. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023628. [PMID: 36561463 PMCID: PMC9763448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prunus mume (Rosaceae, Prunoideae) serves as an excellent ornamental woody plant with a large-temperature-range cultivation scope. Its flower buds require a certain low temperature to achieve flowering circulation. Thus, it is important to delve into the processes of flower bud differentiation and dormancy, which affected its continuous flowering. These processes are generally considered as regulation by the MADS-box homologs, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), and DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM). However, a precise model on their interdependence and specific function, when acting as a complex in the flower development of P. mume, is needed. Therefore, this study highlighted the integral roles of PmDAMs and PmSVPs in flower organ development and dormancy cycle. The segregation of PmDAMs and PmSVPs in a different cluster suggested distinct functions and neofunctionalization. The expression pattern and yeast two-hybrid assays jointly revealed that eight genes were involved in the floral organ development stages, with PmDAM1 and PmDAM5 specifically related to prolificated flower formation. PmSVP1-2 mingled in the protein complex in bud dormancy stages with PmDAMs. Finally, we proposed the hypothesis that PmSVP1 and PmSVP2 could combine with PmDAM1 to have an effect on flower organogenesis and interact with PmDAM5 and PmDAM6 to regulate flower bud dormancy. These findings could help expand the current molecular mechanism based on MADS-box genes during flower bud development and dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation and Engineering Application Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation and Engineering Application Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-yue Zheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation and Engineering Application Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation and Engineering Application Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Tong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation and Engineering Application Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianmei Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangting Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation and Engineering Application Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-li Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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González AM, Lebrón R, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, Gómez-Martín C, Ortiz-Atienza A, Hackenberg M, Oliver JL, Lozano R, Santalla M. Decoding Gene Expression Signatures Underlying Vegetative to Inflorescence Meristem Transition in the Common Bean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314783. [PMID: 36499112 PMCID: PMC9739310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an obligatory short-day plant that requires relaxation of the photoperiod to induce flowering. Similar to other crops, photoperiod-induced floral initiation depends on the differentiation and maintenance of meristems. In this study, the global changes in transcript expression profiles were analyzed in two meristematic tissues corresponding to the vegetative and inflorescence meristems of two genotypes with different sensitivities to photoperiods. A total of 3396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 1271 and 1533 were found to be up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, whereas 592 genes showed discordant expression patterns between both genotypes. Arabidopsis homologues of DEGs were identified, and most of them were not previously involved in Arabidopsis floral transition, suggesting an evolutionary divergence of the transcriptional regulatory networks of the flowering process of both species. However, some genes belonging to the photoperiod and flower development pathways with evolutionarily conserved transcriptional profiles have been found. In addition, the flower meristem identity genes APETALA1 and LEAFY, as well as CONSTANS-LIKE 5, were identified as markers to distinguish between the vegetative and reproductive stages. Our data also indicated that the down-regulation of the photoperiodic genes seems to be directly associated with promoting floral transition under inductive short-day lengths. These findings provide valuable insight into the molecular factors that underlie meristematic development and contribute to understanding the photoperiod adaptation in the common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. González
- Genética del Desarrollo de Plantas, Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lebrón
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez-Martín
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias & Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz-Atienza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Michael Hackenberg
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias & Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José L. Oliver
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias & Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CIAIMBITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Marta Santalla
- Genética del Desarrollo de Plantas, Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-986-596134; Fax: +34-986-851362
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Li X, Liao J, Bai H, Bei J, Li K, Luo M, Shen W, Yang C, Gao C. Arabidopsis flowering integrator SOC1 transcriptionally regulates autophagy in response to long-term carbon starvation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6589-6599. [PMID: 35852462 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved, self-digestion process that is essential for plant adaptations to various environmental stresses. Although the core components of autophagy in plants have been well established, the molecular basis for its transcriptional regulation remains to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), a MADS-box family transcription factor that determines flowering transition in Arabidopsis, functions as a transcriptional repressor of autophagy. EMSAs, ChIP-qPCR assays, and dual-luciferase receptor assays showed that SOC1 can bind to the promoters of ATG4b, ATG7, and ATG18c via the conserved CArG box. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the three ATG genes ATG4b, ATG7, and ATG18c were up-regulated in the soc1-2 mutant. In line with this, the mutant also displayed enhanced autophagy activity, as revealed by increased autophagosome formation and elevated autophagic flux compared with the wild type. More importantly, SOC1 negatively affected the tolerance of plants to long-term carbon starvation, and this process requires a functional autophagy pathway. Finally, we found that SOC1 was repressed upon carbon starvation at both the transcriptional and protein levels. Overall, our study not only uncovers an important transcriptional mechanism that contributes to the regulation of plant autophagy in response to nutrient starvation, but also highlights novel cellular functions of the flowering integrator SOC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Bei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Shah K, Wang M, Li X, Shang W, Wang S, Han M, Ren X, Tian J, An N, Xing L. Transcriptome analysis reveals dual action of salicylic acid application in the induction of flowering in Malus domestica. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111433. [PMID: 36029897 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the apple tree, insufficient flower bud production is an intractable challenge, and very little information is available in this field due to the fact that research done in this sector is very rare owing to its extended life cycles and low rate of genetic transformation. Here we display novel changes and events in spur buds of Malus × domestica trees after they were exposed to salicylic acid (SA) treatment during the flower induction period. We found a significant increase in morphological indexes, followed by a wider and well-defined shoot apical meristem in SA-treated spur buds. Additionally, we observed increased oxidative stress markers and enzymatic antioxidants in control-treated buds during the flower induction period, while non-enzymatic antioxidants were recorded higher in SA-treated buds. Maximum flowering was observed in SA-treated trees in the next year. Furthermore, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (u-HPLC) analysis displays that SA treatment enhances SA and indole acetic acid (IAA), while having an antagonistic effect on gibberellin (GA). At different time points, transcriptome analysis was conducted to analyze the transcriptional response of CK and SA treated buds. Pathway enrichment was detected in differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Agamous (AGL) and SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like (SPL) family related flowering genes display a positive signal for the increased flowering in SA-treated trees, which confirms our findings. As far as we know, there is no report available on the response of spur buds to SA treatment during the flower induction period. This data provides a new theoretical reference for the management of apple tree flowering and also provides an essential basis for future analysis of the regulation and control of flowering in M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, PR China
| | - Wei Shang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shujin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jianwen Tian
- Institute of Horticulture, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, PR China.
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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31
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Liu Q, Wu Y, Zhang X, Song M, Peng X. Cloning and Functional Identification of Gibberellin Receptor SvGID1s Gene of Salix viminalis. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:715-725. [PMID: 36163605 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play a key role in the transition from vegetative growth to flowering and the GA receptor GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1) is the central part of GA-signaling. The differential expression of SvGID1 was found in the transcriptome sequencing in our previous study, which was further verified at different stages of flowering of Salix viminalis. In order to reveal the function GID1 of S. viminalis, two genes of SvGID1b and SvGID1c were cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. The results showed that the full ORF length of SvGID1b and SvGID1c genes were both 1035 bp, encoding 344 amino acids, which were typical globular proteins. The peptide chain contained more α-helix structure, and had 99% similarity with GID1b and GID1c amino acid sequences of Salix suchowensis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SvGID1s had close genetic relationship with woody plants such as Populus alba and Populus tomentosa, and had far genetic relationship with rice. After overexpression in A. thaliana, the total gibberellin, active gibberellin content and the expression level of GA3ox1, the key gene for GA4 synthesis, were not significantly different from those in the wild-type, while the expression levels of FUL, SOC1 and FT, the key genes for flowering in plants, were increased, and the expression levels of FLC and GAI were decreased. The ectopic expression of SvGID1s increased the sensitivity of plants to gibberellin and enhanced gibberellin effect, caused early bolting, budding and flowering, led to higher plant, longer hypocotyl and other phenomena. The results provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the regulation of gibberellin on flower bud differentiation of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Liu
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - YaRu Wu
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyong Peng
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Kyung J, Jeon M, Lee I. Recent advances in the chromatin-based mechanism of FLOWERING LOCUS C repression through autonomous pathway genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964931. [PMID: 36035698 PMCID: PMC9411803 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proper timing of flowering, a phase transition from vegetative to reproductive development, is crucial for plant fitness. The floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is the major determinant of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. In rapid-cycling A. thaliana accessions, which bloom rapidly, FLC is constitutively repressed by autonomous pathway (AP) genes, regardless of photoperiod. Diverse AP genes have been identified over the past two decades, and most of them repress FLC through histone modifications. However, the detailed mechanism underlying such modifications remains unclear. Several recent studies have revealed novel mechanisms to control FLC repression in concert with histone modifications. This review summarizes the latest advances in understanding the novel mechanisms by which AP proteins regulate FLC repression, including changes in chromatin architecture, RNA polymerase pausing, and liquid-liquid phase separation- and ncRNA-mediated gene silencing. Furthermore, we discuss how each mechanism is coupled with histone modifications in FLC chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseul Kyung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongjune Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilha Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Regulatory network for FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER-like genes in regulating Arabidopsis flower senescence and abscission. Commun Biol 2022; 5:662. [PMID: 35790878 PMCID: PMC9256709 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
FOREVER YOUNG FLOWER (FYF) has been reported to play an important role in regulating flower senescence/abscission. Here, we functionally analyzed five Arabidopsis FYF-like genes, two in the FYF subgroup (FYL1/AGL71 and FYL2/AGL72) and three in the SOC1 subgroup (SOC1/AGL20, AGL19, and AGL14/XAL2), and showed their involvement in the regulation of flower senescence and/or abscission. We demonstrated that in FYF subgroup, FYF has both functions in suppressing flower senescence and abscission, FYL1 only suppresses flower abscission and FYL2 has been converted as an activator to promote flower senescence. In SOC1 subgroup, AGL19/AGL14/SOC1 have only one function in suppressing flower senescence. We also found that FYF-like proteins can form heterotetrameric complexes with different combinations of A/E functional proteins (such as AGL6 and SEP1) and AGL15/18-like proteins to perform their functions. These findings greatly expand the current knowledge behind the multifunctional evolution of FYF-like genes and uncover their regulatory network in plants.
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Shin WJ, Nam AH, Kim JY, Kwak JS, Song JT, Seo HS. Intronic long noncoding RNA, RICE FLOWERING ASSOCIATED (RIFLA), regulates OsMADS56-mediated flowering in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111278. [PMID: 35643617 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to play important roles in several plant processes such as flowering, organ development and stress response. However, studies exploring the diversity and complexity of lncRNAs and their mechanism of action in plants are far fewer that those in animals. Here, we show that an intronic lncRNA in rice (Oryza sativa L.), RICE FLOWERING ASSOCIATED (RIFLA), is required for the inhibition of OsMADS56 expression. RIFLA is produced from the first intron of the OsMADS56 gene. Overexpression of RIFLA in rice repressed OsMADS56 expression but activated the expression of flowering inducers Hd3a and RFT1. Additionally, RIFLA-overexpressing transgenic rice plants flowered earlier than the wild type. Under normal conditions, the transcript level of the rice enhancer of zeste gene OsiEZ1, a homolog of Arabidopsis histone H3K27-specific methyltransferase genes SWINGER (SWN) and CURLY LEAF (CLF), was as low as that of RIFLA, whereas the transcript level of OsMADS56 was relatively high. In the osiez1 mutant, OsMADS56 expression was upregulated, whereas RIFLA expression was downregulated. Additionally, RIFLA formed a complex with OsiEZ1. Together, these results suggest that the floral repressor activity of OsMADS56 is epigenetically regulated by RIFLA and OsiEZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Joo Shin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ae Hyeon Nam
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Joo Yong Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Cheng H, Zha S, Luo Y, Li L, Wang S, Wu S, Cheng S, Li L. JAZ1-3 and MYC2-1 Synergistically Regulate the Transformation from Completely Mixed Flower Buds to Female Flower Buds in Castanea mollisima. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126452. [PMID: 35742894 PMCID: PMC9224291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut (Castanea mollisima) is an important woody food crop, but its yield has been low in cultivation, mainly due to the problems of fewer female flowers and more male flowers. Therefore, regulating the transition of chestnut flowers and effectively balancing the proportion of male and female to improve the yield are key factor to be solved in production. In this study, the chestnut floral buds in pre- and post-winter were used as materials. The data of metabolites, hormones, and gene expression during flower bud differentiation of chestnut were analyzed by transcriptomics and metabolomics to preliminarily reveal the possible reason of male and female flower bud transformation in pre- and post-winter. The analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) showed that there were 6323 DEGs in the Complete mixed flower bud (CMF) group in pre- and post-winter, of which 3448 genes were up-regulated and 2875 genes were down-regulated. There were 8037 DEGs in the Incomplete mixed flower bud (IMF) in pre- and post-winter, of which 4546 genes were up-regulated and 3491 genes were down-regulated. A total of 726 genes from the two flower buds were enriched into 251 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in post winter, of which plant hormone signal transduction accounted for 4.13%. The analysis results of differential metabolites showed that the differential metabolites of the two flower buds were mainly concentrated in the secondary metabolic synthesis pathway. The difference of hormone content showed that the content of Gibberellin 9 (GA9) and GA19 in CMF was higher than that in IMF in pre-winter, but the opposite in post-winter. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) content was only very high in CMF in pre-winter, while Jasmonoyl-(l)-Isoleucine (JA-ILE) showed high content in CMF in post-winter. In post-winter, higher concentration of JA-ILE was positively correlated with the expression of Flowering Locus T (CmFT), and CmFT gene was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of MYC2-1, MYC2-2 and LFY 3 (LEAFY 3). The higher concentration of JA-ILE was negatively correlated with the transcription level of JAZ1-3. In vitro experiments further verified that Jasmonate-Zim 1–3 (JAZ 1–3) combined with MYC2-1 inhibited the transcription of CmFT gene, while MYC2-1 alone promoted the expression of FT. The results suggested that a higher concentration of GA is conducive to breaking the dormancy of flower buds and promoting the development of male flower buds, while a lower concentration of GA and a higher concentration of JA-ILE are conducive to the differentiation and formation of female flower buds in post-winter, in which JAZ1-3 and MYC2-1 play a key role in the differentiation of female flower buds of chestnut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linling Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-180-6284-3199
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36
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Lin YP, Wu TH, Chan YK, van Zonneveld M, Schafleitner R. De novo SNP calling reveals the genetic differentiation and morphological divergence in genus Amaranthus. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20206. [PMID: 35470587 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) serve as pseudo cereals and also as traditional leafy vegetables worldwide. In addition to high vigor and richness in nutrients, drought and salinity tolerance makes amaranth a promising vegetable to acclimatize to the effects of global climate change. The World Vegetable Center gene bank conserves ∼1,000 amaranth accessions, and various agronomic properties of these accessions were recorded during seed regeneration over decades. In this study, we verified the taxonomic annotation of the germplasm based on a 15K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set. Given that the yield components of grain amaranth are different from those of leaf amaranth, we observed that grain amaranth species presented larger inflorescences and earlier flowering than leaf amaranth species. Dual-purpose amaranth showed larger leaves than leaf amaranth and later flowering than grain amaranth, which seemed reasonable because farmers can harvest more leaves during the prolonged vegetable stage, which also provides recovery time to enrich grain production. Considering frequent interspecific hybridization among species of the grain amaranth complex, we performed an interspecific genome-wide association study (GWAS) for days to flowering, identifying a AGL20/SOC1 homolog. Another GWAS using only A. tricolor L. accessions revealed six candidate genes homologous to lba1, bri1, sgs1, and fca. These homologous genes were involved in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. This study revealed the usefulness of genotypic data for species demarcation in the genus Amaranthus and the potential of interspecific GWAS to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) across different species, opening up the possibility of targeted introduction of specific genetic variants into different Amaranthus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Lin
- Biotechnology, World Vegetable Center, Headquarters, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hor Wu
- Genetic Resources and Seed Unit, World Vegetable Center, Headquarters, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Kuang Chan
- Genetic Resources and Seed Unit, World Vegetable Center, Headquarters, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan
| | - Maarten van Zonneveld
- Genetic Resources and Seed Unit, World Vegetable Center, Headquarters, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan
| | - Roland Schafleitner
- Biotechnology, World Vegetable Center, Headquarters, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan
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Poza-Viejo L, Payá-Milans M, San Martín-Uriz P, Castro-Labrador L, Lara-Astiaso D, Wilkinson MD, Piñeiro M, Jarillo JA, Crevillén P. Conserved and distinct roles of H3K27me3 demethylases regulating flowering time in Brassica rapa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1428-1441. [PMID: 35037269 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is necessary for optimal organism development and preservation of gene expression profiles in the cell. In plants, the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is a silencing epigenetic mark relevant for developmental transitions like flowering. The floral transition is a key agronomic trait; however, the epigenetic mechanisms of flowering time regulation in crops remain poorly understood. Here we study the Jumonji H3K27me3 demethylases BraA.REF6 and BraA.ELF6 in Brassica rapa. Phenotypic characterization of novel mutant lines and genome-wide H3K27me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptomic analyses indicated that BraA.REF6 plays a greater role than BraA.ELF6 in fine-tuning H3K27me3 levels. In addition, we found that braA.elf6 mutants were early flowering due to high H3K27me3 levels at B. rapa homologs of the floral repressor FLC. Unlike mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, braA.ref6 mutants were late flowering without altering the expression of B. rapa FLC genes. Remarkably, we found that BraA.REF6 regulated a number of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthetic genes, including a homolog of GA1, and that GA-treatment complemented the late flowering mutant phenotype. This study increases our understanding of the epigenetic regulation of flowering time in B. rapa, highlighting conserved and distinct regulatory mechanisms between model and crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Poza-Viejo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Payá-Milans
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patxi San Martín-Uriz
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Laura Castro-Labrador
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Piñeiro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Jarillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Crevillén
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Dietz N, Chan YO, Scaboo A, Graef G, Hyten D, Happ M, Diers B, Lorenz A, Wang D, Joshi T, Bilyeu K. Candidate Genes Modulating Reproductive Timing in Elite US Soybean Lines Identified in Soybean Alleles of Arabidopsis Flowering Orthologs With Divergent Latitude Distribution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889066. [PMID: 35574141 PMCID: PMC9100572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of soybean cultivars to the photoperiod in which they are grown is critical for optimizing plant yield. However, despite its importance, only the major loci conferring variation in flowering time and maturity of US soybean have been isolated. By contrast, over 200 genes contributing to floral induction in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana have been described. In this work, putative alleles of a library of soybean orthologs of these Arabidopsis flowering genes were tested for their latitudinal distribution among elite US soybean lines developed in the United States. Furthermore, variants comprising the alleles of genes with significant differences in latitudinal distribution were assessed for amino acid conservation across disparate genera to infer their impact on gene function. From these efforts, several candidate genes from various biological pathways were identified that are likely being exploited toward adaptation of US soybean to various maturity groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dietz
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yen On Chan
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- MU Data Science and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Andrew Scaboo
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - George Graef
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - David Hyten
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Mary Happ
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Brian Diers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Aaron Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Dechun Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- MU Data Science and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kristin Bilyeu
- USDA/ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO, United States
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Kou K, Yang H, Li H, Fang C, Chen L, Yue L, Nan H, Kong L, Li X, Wang F, Wang J, Du H, Yang Z, Bi Y, Lai Y, Dong L, Cheng Q, Su T, Wang L, Li S, Hou Z, Lu S, Zhang Y, Che Z, Yu D, Zhao X, Liu B, Kong F. A functionally divergent SOC1 homolog improves soybean yield and latitudinal adaptation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1728-1742.e6. [PMID: 35263616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) grows in a wide range of latitudes, but it is extremely sensitive to photoperiod, which reduces its yield and ability to adapt to different environments. Therefore, understanding of the genetic basis of soybean adaptation is of great significance for breeding and improvement. Here, we characterized Tof18 (SOC1a) that conditions early flowering and growth habit under both short-day and long-day conditions. Molecular analysis confirmed that the two SOC1 homologs present in soybeans (SOC1a and SOC1b) underwent evolutionary functional divergence, with SOC1a having stronger effects on flowering time and stem node number than SOC1b due to transcriptional differences. soc1a soc1b double mutants showed stronger functional effects than either of the single mutants, perhaps due to the formation of SOC1a and SOC1b homodimers or heterodimers. Additionally, Tof18/SOC1a improves the latitudinal adaptation of cultivated soybeans, highlighting the functional importance of SOC1a. The Tof18G allele facilitates adaptation to high latitudes, whereas Tof18A facilitates adaptation to low latitudes. We demonstrated that SOC1s contribute to floral induction in both leaves and shoot apex through inter-regulation with FTs. The SOC1a-SOC1b-Dt2 complex plays essential roles in stem growth habit by directly binding to the regulatory sequence of Dt1, making the genes encoding these proteins potential targets for genome editing to improve soybean yield via molecular breeding. Since the natural Tof18A allele increases node number, introgressing this allele into modern cultivars could improve yields, which would help optimize land use for food production in the face of population growth and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Kou
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Haiyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Haiyang Nan
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lingping Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Haiping Du
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingdong Bi
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Tong Su
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhihong Hou
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhijun Che
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
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Ma L, Yan Y. GhSOC1s Evolve to Respond Differently to the Environmental Cues and Promote Flowering in Partially Independent Ways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882946. [PMID: 35519808 PMCID: PMC9067242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum is most broadly cultivated in the world due to its broader adaptation to the environment and successful breeding of early maturity varieties. However, how cotton responds to environmental cues to adjust flowering time to achieve reproductive success is largely unknown. SOC1 functions as an essential integrator for the endogenous and exogenous signals to maximize reproduction. Thus we identified six SOC1-like genes in Gossypium that clustered into two groups. GhSOC1-1 contained a large intron and clustered with monocot SOC1s, while GhSOC1-2/3 were close to dicot SOC1s. GhSOC1s expression gradually increased during seedling development suggesting their conserved function in promoting flowering, which was supported by the early flowering phenotype of 35S:GhSOC1-1 Arabidopsis lines and the delayed flowering of cotton silencing lines. Furthermore, GhSOC1-1 responded to short-day and high temperature conditions, while GhSOC1-2 responded to long-day conditions. GhSOC1-3 might function to promote flowering in response to low temperature and cold. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GhSOC1s respond differently to light and temperature and act cooperatively to activate GhLFY expression to promote floral transition and enlighten us in cotton adaptation to environment that is helpful in improvement of cotton maturity.
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House MA, Young LW, Robinson SJ, Booker HM. Transcriptomic Analysis of Early Flowering Signals in ‘Royal’ Flax. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070860. [PMID: 35406840 PMCID: PMC9002848 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canada is one of the world’s leading producers and exporters of flax seed, with most production occurring in the Prairie Provinces. However, reduced season length and risk of frost restricts production in the northern grain belt of the Canadian Prairies. To expand the growing region of flax and increase production in Canada, flax breeders need to develop earlier-flowering varieties capable of avoiding the risk of abiotic stress. A thorough understanding of flowering control of flax is essential for the efficient breeding of such lines. We identified 722 putative flax flowering genes that span all major flowering-time pathways. Frequently, we found multiple flax homologues for a single Arabidopsis flowering gene. We used RNA sequencing to quantify the expression of genes in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at 10, 15, 19, and 29 days after planting (dap) using the ‘Royal’ cultivar. We observed the expression of 80% of putative flax flowering genes and the differential expression of only 30%; these included homologues of major flowering regulators, such as SOC1, FUL, and AP1. We also found enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in transcription factor (TF) families involved in flowering. Finally, we identified the candidates’ novel flowering genes amongst the uncharacterized flax genes. Our transcriptomic dataset provides a useful resource for investigating the regulatory control of the transition to flowering in flax and for the breeding of northern-adapted varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. House
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.A.H.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Lester W. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.A.H.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Stephen J. Robinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada;
| | - Helen M. Booker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.A.H.); (L.W.Y.)
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 56829)
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BcSOC1 Promotes Bolting and Stem Elongation in Flowering Chinese Cabbage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073459. [PMID: 35408819 PMCID: PMC8998877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage is one of the most economically important stalk vegetables. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting, which is directly related to stalk quality and yield, in this species remain unknown. Previously, we examined five key stem development stages in flowering Chinese cabbage. Here, we identified a gene, BcSOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1), in flowering Chinese cabbage using transcriptome analysis, whose expression was positively correlated with bolting. Exogenous gibberellin (GA3) and low-temperature treatments significantly upregulated BcSOC1 and promoted early bolting and flowering. Additionally, BcSOC1 overexpression accelerated early flowering and stem elongation in both Arabidopsis and flowering Chinese cabbage, whereas its knockdown dramatically delayed bolting and flowering and inhibited stem elongation in the latter; the inhibition of stem elongation was more notable than delayed flowering. BcSOC1 overexpression also induced cell expansion by upregulating genes encoding cell wall structural proteins, such as BcEXPA11 (cell wall structural proteins and enzymes) and BcXTH3 (xyloglucan endotransglycosidase/hydrolase), upon exogenous GA3 and low-temperature treatments. Moreover, the length of pith cells was correlated with stem height, and BcSOC1 interacted with BcAGL6 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 6) and BcAGL24 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 24). Thus, BcSOC1 plays a vital role in bolting and stem elongation of flowering Chinese cabbage and may play a novel role in regulating stalk development, apart from the conserved function of Arabidopsis SOC1 in flowering alone.
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In Silico Characterization and Expression Analysis of GIGANTEA Genes in Potato. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2137-2154. [PMID: 35277794 PMCID: PMC9617960 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) genes are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and are involved in diverse processes from flowering during stress responses to tuberization; the latter occurs in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). GI genes have a diurnal cycle of expression; however, no details on the regulation of GI gene expression in potato have been reported thus far. The aim of our work was the analysis of the GI promoter sequence and studying GI expression in different organs and under abiotic stress conditions in potato. Two GI genes homologous to Arabidopsis GI located on chromosomes 4 and 12 (StGI.04 and StGI.12) were identified in the genome-sequenced potato S. phureja. The GI promoter regions of the commercial potato cultivar ‘Désirée’ were cloned and found to be almost identical to the S. phureja GI promoter sequence. More than ten TF families binding to the GI promoters were predicted. EVENING ELEMENT and ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT LIKE elements related to circadian regulation and a binding site for POTATO HOMEOBOX 20 presumably involved in tuber initiation were detected in both GI promoters. However, the locations of these elements and several other cis-acting regulatory elements as well as the organ-specific expression and responses of the genes to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid were different. Thus, we presume that the function of StGI.04 and StGI.12 are at least partially different. This study lays foundation for further investigation of the roles of GI genes in potato.
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Yamaguchi N. The epigenetic mechanisms regulating floral hub genes and their potential for manipulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1277-1287. [PMID: 34752611 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks formed by transcription factors play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression during plant reproductive development. These networks integrate endogenous, phytohormonal, and environmental cues. Molecular genetic, biochemical, and chemical analyses performed mainly in Arabidopsis have identified network hub genes and revealed the contributions of individual components to these networks. Here, I outline current understanding of key epigenetic regulatory circuits identified by research on plant reproduction, and highlight significant recent examples of genetic engineering and chemical applications to modulate the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, I discuss future prospects for applying basic plant science to engineer useful floral traits in a predictable manner as well as the potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Cheng J, Zhang G, Xu L, Liu C, Jiang H. Altered H3K27 trimethylation contributes to flowering time variations in polyploid Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1402-1414. [PMID: 34698830 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is a widespread phenomenon in flowering plant species. Polyploid plants frequently exhibit considerable transcriptomic alterations after whole-genome duplication (WGD). It is known that the transcriptomic response to tetraploidization is ecotype-dependent in Arabidopsis; however, the biological significance and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we found that 4x Col-0 presents a delayed flowering time whereas 4x Ler does not. The expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), the major repressor of flowering, was significantly increased in 4x Col-0 but only a subtle change was present in 4x Ler. Moreover, the level of a repressive epigenetic mark, trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), was significantly decreased in 4x Col-0 but not in 4x Ler, potentially leading to the differences in FLC transcription levels and flowering times. Hundreds of other genes in addition to FLC showed H3K27me3 alterations in 4x Col-0 and 4x Ler. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) and transcription factors required for H3K27me3 deposition presented transcriptional changes between the two ecotypes, potentially accounting for the different H3K27me3 alterations. We also found that the natural 4x Arabidopsis ecotype Wa-1 presented an early flowering time, which was associated with low expression of FLC. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role of H3K27me3 alterations in response to genome duplication in Arabidopsis autopolyploids, and that variation in flowering time potentially functions in autopolyploid speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Cheng
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Guiqian Zhang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Linhao Xu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hua Jiang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
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Blanca J, Sanchez-Matarredona D, Ziarsolo P, Montero-Pau J, van der Knaap E, Díez MJ, Cañizares J. Haplotype analyses reveal novel insights into tomato history and domestication driven by long-distance migrations and latitudinal adaptations. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac030. [PMID: 35184177 PMCID: PMC8976693 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel haplotype-based approach that uses Procrustes analysis and automatic classification was used to provide further insights into tomato history and domestication. Agrarian societies domesticated species of interest by introducing complex genetic modifications. For tomatoes, two species, one of which had two botanical varieties, are thought to be involved in its domestication: the fully wild Solanum pimpinellifolium (SP), the wild and semi-domesticated Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (SLC) and the cultivated S. l. var. lycopersicum (SLL). The Procrustes approach showed that SP evolved into SLC during a gradual migration from the Peruvian deserts to the Mexican rainforests and that Peruvian and Ecuadorian SLC populations were the result of more recent hybridizations. Our model was supported by independent evidence, including ecological data from the accession collection site and morphological data. Furthermore, we showed that photosynthesis-, and flowering time-related genes were selected during the latitudinal migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Blanca
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - David Sanchez-Matarredona
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Peio Ziarsolo
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ma José Díez
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
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Xu T, Wu X, Wong CE, Fan S, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Liang Z, Yu H, Shen L. FIONA1-Mediated m 6 A Modification Regulates the Floral Transition in Arabidopsis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103628. [PMID: 34989479 PMCID: PMC8867147 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) mRNA modification represents the most widespread form of internal modifications in eukaryotic mRNAs. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, those known methyltransferases mainly deposit m6 A at their target transcripts near the stop codon or in the 3' untranslated region. Here, it is reported that FIONA1 (FIO1), a human METTL16 ortholog, acts as a hitherto unknown m6 A methyltransferase that determines m6 A modifications at over 2000 Arabidopsis transcripts predominantly in the coding region. Mutants of FIO1 show a decrease in global m6 A mRNA methylation levels and an early-flowering phenotype. Nanopore direct RNA sequencing reveals that FIO1 is required for establishing appropriate levels of m6 A preferentially in the coding sequences of a subset of protein-coding transcripts, which is associated with changes in transcript abundance and alternative polyadenylation. It is further demonstrated that FIO1-mediated m6 A methylation determines the mRNA abundance of a central flowering integrator SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and its upstream regulators, thus preventing premature flowering. The findings reveal that FIO1 acts as a unique m6 A methyltransferase that mainly modifies the coding regions of transcripts, which underlies the key developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Chui Eng Wong
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Sheng Fan
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Songyao Zhang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore117543Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of Singapore1 Research LinkSingapore117604Singapore
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Wang B, Hu W, Fang Y, Feng X, Fang J, Zou T, Zheng S, Ming R, Zhang J. Comparative Analysis of the MADS-Box Genes Revealed Their Potential Functions for Flower and Fruit Development in Longan ( Dimocarpus longan). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:813798. [PMID: 35154209 PMCID: PMC8829350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.813798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important economic crop widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions, and flower and fruit development play decisive effects on the longan yield and fruit quality formation. MCM1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS, Serum Response Factor (MADS)-box transcription factor family plays important roles for the flowering time, floral organ identity, and fruit development in plants. However, there is no systematic information of MADS-box family in longan. In this study, 114 MADS-box genes were identified from the longan genome, phylogenetic analysis divided them into type I (Mα, Mβ, Mγ) and type II (MIKC*, MIKC C ) groups, and MIKC C genes were further clustered into 12 subfamilies. Comparative genomic analysis of 12 representative plant species revealed the conservation of type II in Sapindaceae and analysis of cis-elements revealed that Dof transcription factors might directly regulate the MIKC C genes. An ABCDE model was proposed for longan based on the phylogenetic analysis and expression patterns of MADS-box genes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MIKC C genes showed wide expression spectrums, particularly in reproductive organs. From 35 days after KClO3 treatment, 11 MIKC genes were up-regulated, suggesting a crucial role in off-season flower induction, while DlFLC, DlSOC1, DlSVP, and DlSVP-LIKE may act as the inhibitors. The gene expression patterns of longan fruit development indicated that DlSTK, DlSEP1/2, and DlMADS53 could be involved in fruit growth and ripening. This paper carried out the whole genome identification and analysis of the longan MADS-box family for the first time, which provides new insights for further understanding its function in flowers and fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenshun Hu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan & Loquat, Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaxue Fang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Feng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingping Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tengyue Zou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoquan Zheng
- Fujian Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan & Loquat, Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Sayed MA, Allam M, Heck QK, Urbanavičiūtė I, Rutten T, Stuart D, Zakhrabekova S, Börner A, Pillen K, Hansson M, Youssef HM. Analyses of MADS-box Genes Suggest HvMADS56 to Regulate Lateral Spikelet Development in Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2825. [PMID: 34961296 PMCID: PMC8703372 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors are crucial regulators of inflorescence and flower development in plants. Therefore, the recent interest in this family has received much attention in plant breeding programs due to their impact on plant development and inflorescence architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HvMADS-box genes in lateral spikelet development in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A set of 30 spike-contrasting barley lines were phenotypically and genotypically investigated under controlled conditions. We detected clear variations in the spike and spikelet development during the developmental stages among the tested lines. The lateral florets in the deficiens and semi-deficiens lines were more reduced than in two-rowed cultivars except cv. Kristina. Interestingly, cv. Kristina, int-h.43 and int-i.39 exhibited the same behavior as def.5, def.6, semi-def.1, semi-def.8 regarding development and showed reduced lateral florets size. In HOR1555, HOR7191 and HOR7041, the lateral florets continued their development, eventually setting seeds. In contrast, lateral florets in two-rowed barley stopped differentiating after the awn primordia stage giving rise to lateral floret sterility. At harvest, the lines tested showed large variation for all central and lateral spikelet-related traits. Phylogenetic analysis showed that more than half of the 108 MADS-box genes identified are highly conserved and are expressed in different barley tissues. Re-sequence analysis of a subset of these genes showed clear polymorphism in either SNPs or in/del. Variation in HvMADS56 correlated with altered lateral spikelet morphology. This suggests that HvMADS56 plays an important role in lateral spikelet development in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Sayed
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.S.); (T.R.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Allam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, Egypt;
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, Via S. C. de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Quinn Kalby Heck
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ieva Urbanavičiūtė
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, Via S. C. de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.S.); (T.R.); (A.B.)
| | - David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.S.); (T.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Wang X, Liu Z, Sun S, Wu J, Li R, Wang H, Cui X. SISTER OF TM3 activates FRUITFULL1 to regulate inflorescence branching in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:251. [PMID: 34848688 PMCID: PMC8633288 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selection for favorable inflorescence architecture to improve yield is one of the crucial targets in crop breeding. Different tomato varieties require distinct inflorescence-branching structures to enhance productivity. While a few important genes for tomato inflorescence-branching development have been identified, the regulatory mechanism underlying inflorescence branching is still unclear. Here, we confirmed that SISTER OF TM3 (STM3), a homolog of Arabidopsis SOC1, is a major positive regulatory factor of tomato inflorescence architecture by map-based cloning. High expression levels of STM3 underlie the highly inflorescence-branching phenotype in ST024. STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. Transcriptome analysis shows that several floral development-related genes are affected by STM3 mutation. Among them, FRUITFULL1 (FUL1) is downregulated in stm3cr mutants, and its promoter is bound by STM3 by ChIP-qPCR analysis. EMSA and dual-luciferase reporter assays further confirmed that STM3 could directly bind the promoter region to activate FUL1 expression. Mutation of FUL1 could partially restore inflorescence-branching phenotypes caused by high STM3 expression in ST024. Our findings provide insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying inflorescence development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ren Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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