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Wingert JC, Ramos JD, Reynolds SX, Gonzalez AE, Rose RM, Hegarty DM, Aicher SA, Bailey LG, Brown TE, Abbas AI, Sorg BA. Perineuronal nets in the rat medial prefrontal cortex alter hippocampal-prefrontal oscillations and reshape cocaine self-administration memories. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.577568. [PMID: 38370716 PMCID: PMC10871211 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.577568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a major contributor to relapse to cocaine in humans and to reinstatement behavior in rodent models of cocaine use disorder. Output from the mPFC is modulated by parvalbumin (PV)-containing fast-spiking interneurons, the majority of which are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs). Here we tested whether chondroitinase ABC (ABC)- mediated removal of PNNs prevented the acquisition or reconsolidation of a cocaine self-administration memory. ABC injections into the dorsal mPFC prior to training attenuated the acquisition of cocaine self-administration. Also, ABC given 3 days prior to but not 1 hr after memory reactivation blocked cue-induced reinstatement. However, reduced reinstatement was present only in rats given a novel reactivation contingency, suggesting that PNNs are required for the updating of a familiar memory. In naive rats, ABC injections into mPFC did not alter excitatory or inhibitory puncta on PV cells but reduced PV intensity. Whole-cell recordings revealed a greater inter-spike interval 1 hr after ABC, but not 3 days later. In vivo recordings from the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) during novel memory reactivation revealed that ABC in the mPFC prevented reward-associated increases in beta and gamma activity as well as phase-amplitude coupling between the dHIP and mPFC. Together, our findings show that PNN removal attenuates the acquisition of cocaine self-administration memories and disrupts reconsolidation of the original memory when combined with a novel reactivation session. Further, reduced dHIP/mPFC coupling after PNN removal may serve as a key biomarker for how to disrupt reconsolidation of cocaine memories and reduce relapse.
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Milton AL. Drug memory reconsolidation: from molecular mechanisms to the clinical context. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:370. [PMID: 38040677 PMCID: PMC10692359 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its rediscovery at the beginning of the 21st Century, memory reconsolidation has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for reducing the impact of emotional memories that can go awry in mental health disorders such as drug addiction (substance use disorder, SUD). Addiction can be conceptualised as a disorder of learning and memory, in which both pavlovian and instrumental learning systems become hijacked into supporting drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviours. The past two decades of research have characterised the details of the molecular pathways supporting the reconsolidation of pavlovian cue-drug memories, with more recent work indicating that the reconsolidation of instrumental drug-seeking memories also relies upon similar mechanisms. This narrative review considers what is known about the mechanisms underlying the reconsolidation of pavlovian and instrumental memories associated with drug use, how these approaches have translated to experimental medicine studies, and the challenges and opportunities for the clinical use of reconsolidation-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Abouelnaga KH, Huff AE, O'Neill OS, Messer WS, Winters BD. Activating M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors induces destabilization of resistant contextual fear memories in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107821. [PMID: 37666411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Destabilization of previously consolidated memories places them in a labile state in which they are open to modification. However, strongly encoded fear memories tend to be destabilization-resistant and the conditions required to destabilize such memories remain poorly understood. Our lab has previously shown that exposure to salient novel contextual cues during memory reactivation can destabilize strongly encoded object location memories and that activity at muscarinic cholinergic receptors is critical for this effect. In the current study, we similarly targeted destabilization-resistant fear memories, hypothesizing that exposure to salient novelty at the time of reactivation would induce destabilization of strongly encoded fear memories in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. First, we show that contextual fear memories induced by 3 context-shock pairings readily destabilize upon memory reactivation, and that this destabilization is blocked by systemic (ip) administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg) in male rats. Following that, we confirm that this effect is dorsal hippocampus (dHPC)-dependent by targeting M1 receptors in the CA1 region with pirenzepine. Next, we show that more strongly encoded fear memories (induced with 5 context-shock pairings) resist destabilization. Consistent with our previous work, however, we report that salient novelty (a change in floor texture) presented during the reactivation session promotes destabilization of resistant contextual fear memories in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. Finally, the effect of salient novelty on memory destabilization was mimicked by stimulating muscarinic receptors with the selective M1 agonist CDD-0102A (ip, 0.3 mg/kg). These findings reveal further generalizability of our previous results implicating novel cues and M1 muscarinic signaling in promoting destabilization of resistant memories and suggest possible therapeutic options for disorders characterized by persistent, maladaptive fear memories such as PTSD and phobias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Abouelnaga
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew E Huff
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Olivia S O'Neill
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - William S Messer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
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4
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Huang S, Shi C, Liu F, Si Y, Shen D, Yang L, Gao Y, Liao Y. Activation of Epac in the BLA disrupts reconsolidation and attenuates heroin-seeking behaviour. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13330. [PMID: 37753572 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility to drug cravings evoked by stimuli poses a formidable hurdle in the treatment of addiction and the prevention of relapse. Pharmacological interventions targeting drug-associated memories hold promise for curbing relapse by impeding the process of memory reconsolidation, predominantly governed by cAMP signalling. Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (Epac) serves as a distinctive mediator of cAMP signalling, which has been implicated in reinforcing the effects of cocaine and facilitating the acquisition. Nonetheless, the role of Epac in heroin-related memory and the subsequent seeking behaviour remains enigmatic. In this study, we explored the impact of Epac activation on the reconsolidation process of drug-related memories associated with heroin self-administration. Over the course of 10 consecutive days, rats underwent training, wherein they acquired the behaviour of nose poking to obtain heroin accompanied by a tone + light cue. This nose-poking behaviour was subsequently extinguished when heroin infusion and cue presentation were discontinued. Subsequently, we administered 8-pCPT-cAMP (8-CPT), an Epac-specific activator, into the basolateral amygdala at various time points, either in the presence or absence of a conditioned stimulus. Our findings demonstrate that administering 8-CPT immediately after memory retrieval effectively reduces cue- and heroin-induced reinstatement, with the observed effects persisting significantly for a minimum of 28 days. However, infusion of 8-CPT for a duration of 6 h following the memory retrieval trial, or without it altogether, had no discernible impact. Thus, these findings strongly suggest that Epac activation can disrupt the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory, thereby diminishing the reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cuijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanglin Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Si
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Shen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, The Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yiwei Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Barak S, Goltseker K. New Approaches for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment via Memory Retrieval and Reconsolidation Manipulations. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36627475 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Relapse to alcohol seeking and drinking is a major clinical challenge in alcohol use disorder and is frequently brought about by cue-induced craving, caused by exposure to cues that evoke alcohol-related memories. It has been postulated that memories become labile for manipulation shortly after their retrieval and then restabilize in a "memory reconsolidation" process. Disruption or interference with the reconsolidation of drug-associated memories has been suggested as a possible strategy to reduce or even prevent cue-induced craving and relapse. Here, we review literature demonstrating the capacity of behavioral or pharmacological manipulations to reduce relapse in animal models and humans when applied after a short retrieval of memories associated with alcohol, suggestively disrupting the reconsolidation of such memories. We suggest that while there is a clear potential of using post-retrieval manipulations to target specific relapse-evoking memories, future research should be more systematic, standardized, and translational. Specifically, we discuss several critical limitations and boundary conditions, which should be addressed to improve consistency and replicability in the field and lead to the development of an efficient reconsolidation-based relapse prevention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segev Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Koral Goltseker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Li H, Hu T, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Chen Z, Chen S. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the basolateral amygdala is required for reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020098. [PMID: 36438183 PMCID: PMC9684340 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory is an independent memory process that occurs following retrieval, which is essential for the sustained capacity of an associative drug stimulus to precipitate heroin-seeking. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) mediates the reconsolidation of drug memory. In the present study, we utilized a rat model of drug craving and relapse to verify the hypothesis that the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory requires ERK in an instrumental heroin-seeking behavior, focusing on the BLA brain region, which is crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory processes. We found that bilateral intra-BLA infusions of U0126 (1 μg/0.5 μl), an ERK inhibitor, immediately after retrieving heroin-associated memory significantly reduced cue-induced and drug-induced reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of heroin-seeking compared to the vehicle. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect was related to the characteristic of reconsolidation. Conversely, no effect was observed on the heroin-seeking behavior when the intra-BLA infusion of U0126 was administered 6 h after the heroin-associated memory retrieval or without memory retrieval. Together, these data suggest that disrupting the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory via an ERK inhibitor may serve as a promising option for treating relapse in opiate addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- Center of Medical Genetics, Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zijin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
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7
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Dissociating the involvement of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in object memory destabilization and reconsolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 195:107686. [PMID: 36174889 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The content of long-term memory is neither fixed nor permanent. Reminder cues can destabilize consolidated memories, rendering them amenable to change before being reconsolidated. However, not all memories destabilize following reactivation. Characteristics of a memory, such as its age or strength, impose boundaries on destabilization. Previously, we demonstrated that presentation of salient novel information at the time of reactivation can readily destabilize resistant object memories in rats and this form of novelty-induced destabilization is dependent upon acetylcholine (ACh) activity at muscarinic receptors (mAChRs). In the present study, we sought to determine if this same mechanism for initiating destabilization of resistant object memories is present in mice and further expand our understanding of the mechanisms through which ACh modulates object memory destabilization by investigating the role of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). We provide evidence that in mice mAChRs are necessary for destabilizing object memories that are readily destabilized and those that are resistant to destabilization. Conversely, nAChRs were found to be necessary only when memories are readily destabilized. We then investigated the role of both receptors in the reconsolidation of destabilized object memory traces and determined that nAChRs, but not mAChRs, are necessary for object memory reconsolidation. Together, these results suggest that nAChRs may play a more selective role in the re-storage of object memories following destabilization and that ACh acts through mAChRs to act as an override signal to initiate destabilization of resistant object memories following reactivation with novelty. These findings expand our current understanding of the role of ACh in the dynamic storage of long-term memory.
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8
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The Effects of Poria cocos on Rho Signaling-Induced Regulation of Mobility and F-Actin Aggregation in MK-801-Treated B35 and C6 Cells. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:8225499. [PMID: 35864844 PMCID: PMC9296330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8225499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods B35 neuronal cells and C6 glial cells were incubated with MK-801 for 7 days followed by MK-801, MK801 in combination with water extracts of P. cocos (PRP for P. cocos cum Radix Pini or WP for White Poria) treatment for an additional 7 days. Analysis of cell mobility, F-actin aggregation, and Rho signaling modulation was performed to clarify the roles of PRP or WP in MK-801-treated B35 and C6 cells. Results MK-801 decreases B35 cell mobility, whereas the inhibited cell migration ability and F-actin aggregation in MK-801-treated B35 or C6 cells could be reversed by PRP or WP. The CDC42 expression in B35 or C6 cells would be reduced by MK-801 and restored by treating with PRP or WP. The RhoA expression was increased by MK-801 in both B35 and C6 cells but was differentially regulated by PRP or WP. In B35 cells, downregulation of PFN1, N-WASP, PAK1, and ARP2/3 induced by MK-801 can be reversely modulated by PRP or WP. PRP or WP reduced the increase in the p-MLC2 expression in B35 cells treated with MK-801. The reduction in ROCK1, PFN1, p-MLC2, and ARP2/3 expression in C6 cells induced by MK-801 was restored by PRP or WP. Reduced N-WASP and PAK1 expression was differentially regulated by PRP or WP in MK-801-treated C6 cells.
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9
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Jardine KH, Huff AE, Wideman CE, McGraw SD, Winters BD. The evidence for and against reactivation-induced memory updating in humans and nonhuman animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104598. [PMID: 35247380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of reactivation-induced memory updating began in the 1960s, and a wave of research in this area followed the seminal articulation of "reconsolidation" theory in the early 2000s. Myriad studies indicate that memory reactivation can cause previously consolidated memories to become labile and sensitive to weakening, strengthening, or other forms of modification. However, from its nascent period to the present, the field has been beset by inconsistencies in researchers' abilities to replicate seemingly established effects. Here we review these many studies, synthesizing the human and nonhuman animal literature, and suggest that these failures-to-replicate reflect a highly complex and delicately balanced memory modification system, the substrates of which must be finely tuned to enable adaptive memory updating while limiting maladaptive, inaccurate modifications. A systematic approach to the entire body of evidence, integrating positive and null findings, will yield a comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of long-term memory storage and the potential for harnessing modification processes to treat mental disorders driven by pervasive maladaptive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H Jardine
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Ethan Huff
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cassidy E Wideman
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shelby D McGraw
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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10
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Zheng W, Wu C, Du WJ, Li Y, Shen F, Haghparast A, Liang J, Sui N, Zhang JJ. Differential involvement of nucleus tractus solitarius projections and locus coeruleus projections to the basolateral amygdala in morphine-associated memory destabilization. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 115:110496. [PMID: 34929324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-related memory can be transiently destabilized by memory retrieval, after which memories are reconsolidated. Neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) that are activated by emotional information may be one of the key mechanisms underlying this destabilization. However, the specific neural circuits underlying this destabilization process remain unknown. Because BLA receives noradrenergic inputs from the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and locus coeruleus (LC), we studied the role of afferent projections into the BLA in the destabilization of morphine self-administration memory in rats. We first showed that morphine (unconditioned stimulus, US) + morphine-associated conditioned stimuli (CS) exposure, rather than CS exposure alone, destabilized morphine self-administration memory. Then, we measured projection-specific activation after the US + CS or CS retrieval test using c-fos (activity marker)-labeling in projection areas. Compared with CS exposure, we found that US + CS exposure induced more neuronal activation in the BLA and NTS but not in the LC. Next, we determined the effects of chemogenetic inactivation or activation of NTS or LC projections to BLA (NTS → BLA or LC → BLA) on this destabilization. We found that NTS → BLA, but not LC → BLA inactivation during memory retrieval, prevented memory destabilization induced by US + CS exposure. Furthermore, NTS → BLA, but not LC → BLA activation during CS retrieval induced destabilization. Thus, our results identify a specific neural circuit underlying the transformation of a stable opiate-associated memory into an unstable memory and subsequently guide reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Chen L, Yan H, Wang Y, He Z, Leng Q, Huang S, Wu F, Feng X, Yan J. The Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions of Drug Memory Reconsolidation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:717956. [PMID: 34421529 PMCID: PMC8377231 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.717956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction can be seen as a disorder of maladaptive learning characterized by relapse. Therefore, disrupting drug-related memories could be an approach to improving therapies for addiction. Pioneering studies over the last two decades have revealed that consolidated memories are not static, but can be reconsolidated after retrieval, thereby providing candidate pathways for the treatment of addiction. The limbic-corticostriatal system is known to play a vital role in encoding the drug memory engram. Specific structures within this system contribute differently to the process of memory reconsolidation, making it a potential target for preventing relapse. In addition, as molecular processes are also active during memory reconsolidation, amnestic agents can be used to attenuate drug memory. In this review, we focus primarily on the brain structures involved in storing the drug memory engram, as well as the molecular processes involved in drug memory reconsolidation. Notably, we describe reports regarding boundary conditions constraining the therapeutic potential of memory reconsolidation. Furthermore, we discuss the principles that could be employed to modify stored memories. Finally, we emphasize the challenge of reconsolidation-based strategies, but end with an optimistic view on the development of reconsolidation theory for drug relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangpei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziping He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihao Leng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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12
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Smaga I, Wydra K, Piechota M, Caffino L, Fumagalli F, Sanak M, Filip M. Cocaine abstinence modulates NMDA receptor subunit expression: An analysis of the GluN2B subunit in cocaine-seeking behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110248. [PMID: 33485963 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder develops in part due to the strong associations formed between drugs and the stimuli associated with drug use. Recently, treatment strategies including manipulations of drug-associated memories have been investigated, and the possibility of interfering with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated neurotransmission may represent an important option. The aim of this study was to examine the significance of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B at the molecular level (the expression of the GluN2B subunit, the Grin2B gene and the association of GluN2B with postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)) in the brain structures of rats with a history of cocaine self-administration after i) cocaine abstinence with extinction training or ii) cocaine abstinence without instrumental tasks, as well as at the pharmacological level (peripheral or intracranial administration of CP 101,606, a GluN2B subunit antagonist during the cocaine- or cue-induced reinstatement). The GluN2B subunit levels and the GluN2B/PSD95 complex levels were either increased in the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) with higher levels of Grin2B gene expression in the HIP or decreased in the dorsal striatum (dSTR) after cocaine abstinence with extinction training. Moreover, CP 101,606, a GluN2B subunit antagonist, administered peripherally, attenuated the reinstatement of active lever presses induced by a priming dose of cocaine or by drug-associated conditioned stimuli, while injection into the vHIP reduced the cocaine- or cue with the subthreshold dose of cocaine-induced reinstatement. In cocaine abstinence without instrumental tasks, an increase in the GluN2B subunit levels and the level of the GluN2B/PSD95 complex in the dSTR was observed in rats that had previously self-administered cocaine. In conclusion, cocaine abstinence with extinction training seems to be associated with the up-regulation of the hippocampal GluN2B subunits, which seems to control cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Smaga
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Wydra
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Piechota
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, PL 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Targeting the Reconsolidation of Licit Drug Memories to Prevent Relapse: Focus on Alcohol and Nicotine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084090. [PMID: 33920982 PMCID: PMC8071281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are widely abused legal substances worldwide. Relapse to alcohol or tobacco seeking and consumption after abstinence is a major clinical challenge, and is often evoked by cue-induced craving. Therefore, disruption of the memory for the cue–drug association is expected to suppress relapse. Memories have been postulated to become labile shortly after their retrieval, during a “memory reconsolidation” process. Interference with the reconsolidation of drug-associated memories has been suggested as a possible strategy to reduce or even prevent cue-induced craving and relapse. Here, we surveyed the growing body of studies in animal models and in humans assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological or behavioral manipulations in reducing relapse by interfering with the reconsolidation of alcohol and nicotine/tobacco memories. Our review points to the potential of targeting the reconsolidation of these memories as a strategy to suppress relapse to alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. However, we discuss several critical limitations and boundary conditions, which should be considered to improve the consistency and replicability in the field, and for development of an efficient reconsolidation-based relapse-prevention therapy.
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Rulan D, Zhenbang Y, Yipu Z, Yuan G, Galaj E, Xiaorui S, Wenshuya L, Jiaqi L, Yan Z, Chang Y, Xi Y, Li S, Yixiao L, Haishui S. Exogenous SO 2 donor treatment impairs reconsolidation of drug reward memory in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173911. [PMID: 33503460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Substance-related and addictive disorders (SRADs) are characterized by compulsive drug use and recurrent relapse. The persistence of pathological drug-related memories indisputably contributes to a high propensity to relapse. Hence, strategies to disrupt reconsolidation of drug reward memory are currently being pursued as potential anti-relapse interventions. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), acting as a potential gaseous molecule, endogenously derives from sulfur amino acid and can exert significant neural regulatory effects. However, the role of SO2 in reconsolidation of drug memory has not been determined. In the present study, we used morphine- or cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) mouse models with retrieval to investigate the effects of exogenous SO2 donor treatment on reconsolidation of drug reward memory. We found that administration of SO2 donor immediately after the retrieval impaired the expression of morphine or cocaine CPP. Furthermore, the exogenous SO2 donor treatment 6 h post-retrieval or in the absence of retrieval had no effect on drug reward memory and the expression of CPP. SO2 itself did not produce aversive effects nor did it acutely block morphine CPP. Our results indicate that exogenous SO2 impairs reconsolidation of drug reward memory rather than inhibits the expression of drug reward memory. As such, SO2 holds potential for the treatment and prevention of SRADs and should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Rulan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yang Zhenbang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zhang Yipu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gao Yuan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ewa Galaj
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shi Xiaorui
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li Wenshuya
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Luo Jiaqi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yin Xi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Song Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Luo Yixiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shi Haishui
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China.
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15
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Alsaab HO, Altowairqi E, Alzahrani N, Alzahrani R, Alshehri FS, Almalki AH, Alsanie WF, Gaber A, Alkhalifa T, Almalki A, Shah ZA, Althobaiti YS. Sex differences in pregabalin-seeking like behavior in a conditioned place preference paradigm. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1749-1755. [PMID: 33424265 PMCID: PMC7783229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance abuse is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug use regardless of negative consequences. Incremental increases in pregabalin abuse have been observed in Saudi Arabia and throughout the world. In previous studies, the potential for pregabalin abuse with escalating doses of the drug (30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg) were investigated in male mice. Notably, researchers have argued that women may exhibit a greater tendency to consume drugs without a prescription to alleviate stress and depression. Moreover, female subjects are more prone to impulsivity in drug intake or abuse than their male counterparts. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the potential for pregabalin abuse between male and female mice using a conditioned place preference paradigm. Male and female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups based on the pregabalin dose administered (30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Preference scores were then calculated and compared between male and female mice in each dosage group. Interestingly, preference scores were significantly higher in female mice than in male mice at dosages of 30 and 120 mg/kg. These findings indicate that female mice may be more prone to pregabalin abuse and tolerance than male mice. These results might be helpful to the healthcare providers and policymakers to consider these sex differences in choosing therapeutic plans and consider alternatives to the misused prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O. Alsaab
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal Altowairqi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alzahrani
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alzahrani
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratories, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alkhalifa
- General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almalki
- General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor A. Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Health Science Campus, Al Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bender BN, Torregrossa MM. Molecular and circuit mechanisms regulating cocaine memory. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3745-3768. [PMID: 32172301 PMCID: PMC7492456 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Risk of relapse is a major challenge in the treatment of substance use disorders. Several types of learning and memory mechanisms are involved in substance use and have implications for relapse. Associative memories form between the effects of drugs and the surrounding environmental stimuli, and exposure to these stimuli during abstinence causes stress and triggers drug craving, which can lead to relapse. Understanding the neural underpinnings of how these associations are formed and maintained will inform future advances in treatment practices. A large body of research has expanded our knowledge of how associative memories are acquired and consolidated, how they are updated through reactivation and reconsolidation, and how competing extinction memories are formed. This review will focus on the vast literature examining the mechanisms of cocaine Pavlovian associative memories with an emphasis on the molecular memory mechanisms and circuits involved in the consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction of these memories. Additional research elucidating the specific signaling pathways, mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the circuits involved in associative learning will reveal more distinctions between consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction learning that can be applied to the treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Bender
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Drame ML, Balaet M, Lee JLC. Memory reconsolidation impairments in sign-tracking to an audiovisual compound stimulus. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112774. [PMID: 32553756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies of memory reconsolidation of pavlovian memories have typically employed unimodal conditioned stimuli, despite the use of multimodal compound stimuli in other settings. Here we studied sign-tracking behaviour to a compound audiovisual stimulus. First, we observed not unexpectedly that sign-tracking was poorer to the audiovisual compound than to unimodal visual stimuli. Then, we showed that, depending on the parameters of compound stimulus re-exposure at memory reactivation, systemic MK-801 treatment either impaired extinction to improve sign-tracking at test, or disrupted reconsolidation to impair test behaviour. When memory reactivation consisted of re-exposure to only the auditory component of the compound stimulus, we observed sign-tracking impairments following MK-801 treatment, but only under certain test conditions. This was in contrast to the consistent impairment following reactivation with the full audiovisual compound. Moreover, the parameters of auditory stimulus presentation to enable MK-801-induced impairment at test varied depending on whether the stimulus was presented within or outside the training context. These findings suggest that behaviour under the control of appetitive pavlovian compound stimuli can be modulated by targeting both extinction and reconsolidation, and that it is not necessary to re-expose to the full compound stimulus in order to achieve a degree of modulation of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Balaet
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Bakhtazad A, Vousooghi N, Nasehi M, Sanadgol N, Garmabi B, Zarrindast MR. The effect of microinjection of CART 55-102 into the nucleus accumbens shell on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor. Peptides 2020; 129:170319. [PMID: 32335205 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The addictive properties of opioids may be mediated to some extent by cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the reward pathway. Moreover, some claims CART interacts with the glutamate system. Here, we evaluated whether intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell infusions of CART induces Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) or Conditioned Place Aversion (CPA) and affects morphine reward. We also measured NR1 subunit expressions of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in various parts of the reward pathway (NAc, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) after conditioning tests. Animals with bilateral intra-NAc shell cannulas were place-conditioned with several doses of subcutaneous morphine prior to intra-NAc shell infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed a dose-dependent increase in the NR1 expression in all examined parts. When rats were conditioned with intra-NAc shell infusions of CART, CPP and CPA induced with 2.5 and 5 μg/side respectively and IHC showed NR1elevation with 2.5 and reduction with 5 μg/side in all areas. Sub-rewarding dose of CART administration (1.25 μg/side) prior to sub-rewarding dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) induced CPP and NR1 increased in all examined tissues in IHC. However, infusion of an aversive dose of CART (5 μg/side) prior to the rewarding dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) produced neither CPP nor CPA and NR1 in the NAc and hippocampus decreased significantly. It seems that the rewarding or aversive effects of intra-NAc shell CART and its facilitating or inhibiting effects on morphine reward are dose-dependent. Additionally, NMDA may be closely involved in the affective properties of opioids and CART in the reward pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen BP, Huang XX, Dong DM, Wu H, Zhu TQ, Wang BF. The role of NMDA receptors in rat propofol self-administration. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:149. [PMID: 32539742 PMCID: PMC7294660 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is among the most frequently used anesthetic agents, and it has the potential for abuse. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are key mediators neural plasticity, neuronal development, addiction, and neurodegeneration. In the present study, we explored the role of these receptors in the context of rat propofol self-administration. METHODS Sprague-Dawley Rats were trained to self-administer propofol (1.7 mg/kg/infusion) using a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule over the course of 14 sessions (3 h/day). After training, rats were intraperitoneally administered the non-competitive NDMA receptor antagonist MK-801, followed 10 min later by a propofol self-administration session. RESULTS After training, rats successfully underwent acquisition of propofol self-administration, as evidenced by a significant and stable rise in the number of active nose-pokes resulting in propofol administration relative to the number of control inactive nose-pokes (P < 0.01). As compared to control rats, rats that had been injected with 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 exhibited a significantly greater number of propofol infusions (F (3, 28) = 4.372, P < 0.01), whereas infusions were comparable in the groups administered 0.1 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg of this compound. In addition, MK-801 failed to alter the numbers of active (F (3, 28) = 1.353, P > 0.05) or inactive (F (3, 28) = 0.047, P > 0.05) responses in these study groups. Animals administered 0.4 mg/kg MK-801 exhibited significantly fewer infusions than animals administered 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 (P = 0.006, P < 0.01). In contrast, however, animals in the 0.4 mg/kg MK-801 group displayed a significant reduction in the number of active nose-poke responses (F (3, 20) = 20.8673, P < 0.01) and the number of sucrose pellets (F (3, 20) = 23.77, P < 0.01), while their locomotor activity was increased (F (3, 20) = 22.812, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that NMDA receptors may play a role in regulating rat self-administration of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Ping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroendocrinology, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai village, Nanbaixiang town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Xi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroendocrinology, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai village, Nanbaixiang town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai village, Nanbaixiang town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian-Qi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shangcai village, Nanbaixiang town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ben-Fu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroendocrinology, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Western Road, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Protocols for instrumental memory reconsolidation in rodents: A methodological review. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 342:108766. [PMID: 32413376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory reconsolidation enables the update of a previously consolidated memory trace after its reactivation. Although Pavlovian memory reconsolidation has been widely demonstrated, instrumental memory reconsolidation is still debated. Early studies suggested that instrumental memories did not undergo reconsolidation and therefore could not be disrupted, whereas other authors suggested that these memories are just more resistant to destabilization and reconsolidation in comparison to Pavlovian memories. AIM AND RESULTS The present paper reviews the behavioral protocols used to investigate appetitive instrumental memory reconsolidation in rodents and describes in detail the specific methods used for memory retrieval, with a critical analysis of the different experimental parameters. CONCLUSIONS The modalities under which the reconsolidation of appetitive (sucrose or drugs of abuse) instrumental memories occurs have been explored and partially elucidated. Further investigations are recommended on the boundary conditions that constrain instrumental memory reactivation.
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Smaga I, Sanak M, Filip M. Cocaine-induced Changes in the Expression of NMDA Receptor Subunits. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1039-1055. [PMID: 31204625 PMCID: PMC7052821 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190617101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is manifested by repeated cycles of drug seeking and drug taking. Cocaine exposure causes synaptic transmission in the brain to exhibit persistent changes, which are poorly understood, while the pharmacotherapy of this disease has not been determined. Multiple potential mechanisms have been indicated to be involved in the etiology of co-caine use disorder. The glutamatergic system, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, may play a role in sever-al physiological processes (synaptic plasticity, learning and memory) and in the pathogenesis of cocaine use disorder. The composition of the NMDA receptor subunits changes after contingent and noncontingent cocaine administration and after drug abstinence in a region-specific and time-dependent manner, as well as depending on the different protocols used for co-caine administration. Changes in the expression of NMDA receptor subunits may underlie the transition from cocaine abuse to dependence, as well as the transition from cocaine dependence to cocaine withdrawal. In this paper, we summarize the cur-rent knowledge regarding neuroadaptations within NMDA receptor subunits and scaffolding proteins observed following voluntary and passive cocaine intake, as well as the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on cocaine-induced behavioral changes during cocaine seeking and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Smaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, PL 31-066 Kraków, Poland.,Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, PL 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Lewis B, Merlo L, Greene W, Welch E, Nixon SJ. Randomized trial to assess safety/feasibility of memantine administration during residential treatment for alcohol use disorder: a pilot study. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:91-99. [PMID: 32050864 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1721404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) system is critically involved in the pathogenesis and neurobehavioral sequelae of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and constitutes a potential pharmacotherapeutic target. Memantine (Namenda) is an FDA-approved NMDAr antagonist with suggested utility in AUD, however its safety and tolerability during long-term administration among recently-detoxified patients remains uncharacterized. This pilot study assessed safety, feasibility, and several secondary measures of interest, during a 4-week period of residential AUD treatment. Participants (N = 18) met diagnostic criteria for AUD. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, escalating-dose design was utilized. Assessments of medication side-effects were conducted weekly. At intake, week 2, and study completion, participants completed a battery assessing affective symptomatology, craving, and neurocognitive function. Medication groups reported equivalent side effects and severity. Medication compliance was high, and did not differ by group. No memantine effects were observed in secondary outcome measures. Memantine maintains a profile of high tolerability and low side-effects during post-detoxification AUD treatment. These data suggest a more aggressive dosing/escalation schedule may be used safely in future trials designed to ascertain improvements in neurocognitive function, affect, and/or craving as primary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Addiction Research & Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lisa Merlo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,UF Health Florida Recovery Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Addiction Research & Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,UF Health Florida Recovery Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily Welch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Addiction Research & Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Qian H, Wang J, Shang Q, Xiao J, Chen G, Gao B, Liang M, Li T, Liu X. The effect of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor LB100 on regulating methamphetamine induced conditioned place preference in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 721:134817. [PMID: 32032748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine phosphatase abundant in mammalian brains. Although recent research has revealed that PP2A plays important roles in cocaine and morphine addictions, the mechanism of action of PP2A in methamphetamine (METH) addiction is unclear. LB100 is a PP2A inhibitor able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB); the role of LB100 in METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) has not yet been reported. Here, we explored the roles of LB100 in distinct phases of METH-induced CPP. Our findings indicate that LB100 inhibits the acquisition and reinstatement of METH-induced CPP and promotes the extinction of METH-induced CPP. Moreover, LB100 alone did not affect the natural preference of mice. Intriguingly, repeated administration of LB100 in the extinction phase did not inhibit the reinstatement of METH-induced CPP, but LB100 injection prior to METH administration could significantly block it. Taken together, we found that LB100 has significant effects on different phases of METH-induced CPP, and is therefore, a potentially promising therapeutic for METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Qian
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Shang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyao Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinshe Liu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Correia C, Romieu P, Olmstead MC, Befort K. Can cocaine-induced neuroinflammation explain maladaptive cocaine-associated memories? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:69-83. [PMID: 31935376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent and intrusive memories define a number of psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder. In the latter, memory for drug-paired cues plays a critical role in sustaining compulsive drug use as these are potent triggers of relapse. As with many drugs, cocaine-cue associated memory is strengthened across presentations as cues become reliable predictors of drug availability. Recently, the targeting of cocaine-associated memory through disruption of the reconsolidation process has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy; reconsolidation reflects the active process by which memory is re-stabilized after retrieval. In addition, a separate line of work reveals that neuroinflammatory markers, regulated by cocaine intake, play a role in memory processes. Our review brings these two literatures together by summarizing recent findings on cocaine-associated reconsolidation and cocaine-induced neuroinflammation. We discuss the interactions between reconsolidation processes and neuroinflammation following cocaine use, concluding with a new perspective on treatment to decrease risk of relapse to cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Correia
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, UMR 7364, Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Romieu
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, UMR 7364, Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Dept. Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katia Befort
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, UMR 7364, Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Shi X, von Weltin E, Barr JL, Unterwald EM. Activation of GSK3β induced by recall of cocaine reward memories is dependent on GluN2A/B NMDA receptor signaling. J Neurochem 2019; 151:91-102. [PMID: 31361029 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a critical regulator of the balance between long-term depression and long-term potentiation which is essential for learning and memory. Our previous study demonstrated that GSK3β activity is highly induced during cocaine memory reactivation, and that reconsolidation of cocaine reward memory is attenuated by inhibition of GSK3β. NMDA receptors and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) are activators of GSK3β. Thus, this study investigated the roles of NMDA receptor subtypes and PP1in the reconsolidation of cocaine contextual reward memory. Cocaine contextual memories were established and evaluated using cocaine conditioned place preference methods. The regulation of GSK3β activity in specific brain areas was assessed by measuring its phosphorylation state using immunoblot assays. Mice underwent cocaine place conditioning for 8 days and were tested for place preference on day 9. Twenty-four hours later, mice were briefly confined to the compartment previous paired with cocaine to reactivate cocaine-associated memories. Administration of the GluN2A- and GluN2B-NMDA receptor antagonists, NVP-AAM077 and ifenprodil, respectively, immediately following recall abrogated an established cocaine place preference, while preventing the activation of GSK3β in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus during cocaine memory reactivation. PP1 inhibition with okadaic acid also blocked the activation of GSK3β and attenuated a previously established cocaine place preference. These findings suggest that the dephosphorylation of GSK3β that occurred upon activation of cocaine-associated reward memories may be initiated by the activation of PP1 during the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent reconsolidation of cocaine mnemonic traces. Moreover, the importance of NMDA receptors and PP1 in reconsolidation of cocaine memory makes them potential therapeutic targets in treatment of cocaine use disorder and prevention of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdang Shi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eva von Weltin
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Marion‐Poll L, Besnard A, Longueville S, Valjent E, Engmann O, Caboche J, Hervé D, Girault J. Cocaine conditioned place preference: unexpected suppression of preference due to testing combined with strong conditioning. Addict Biol 2019; 24:364-375. [PMID: 29318708 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is widely used for evaluating the rewarding effects of drugs. Like other memories, CPP is proposed to undergo reconsolidation during which it is unstable and sensitive to pharmacological inhibition. Previous studies have shown that cocaine CPP can be apparently erased by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibition during cocaine reconditioning (re-exposure to the drug-paired environment in the presence of the drug). Here, we show that blockade of D1 receptors during reconditioning prevented ERK activation and induced a loss of CPP. However, we also unexpectedly observed a CPP disappearance in mice that underwent testing and reconditioning with cocaine alone, specifically in strong conditioning conditions. The loss was due to the intermediate test. CPP was not recovered with reconditioning or priming in the short term, but it spontaneously reappeared after a month. When we challenged the D1 antagonist-mediated erasure, we observed that both a high dose of cocaine and a first CPP test were required for this effect. Our results also suggest a balance between D1-dependent ERK pathway activation and an A2a-dependent mechanism in D2 striatal neurons in controlling CPP expression. Our data reveal that, paradoxically, a simple CPP test can induce a complete (but transient) loss of place preference following strong but not weak cocaine conditioning. This study emphasizes the complex nature of CPP memory and the importance of multiple parameters that must be taken into consideration when investigating reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marion‐Poll
- Inserm UMR‐S839 France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin France
| | - Antoine Besnard
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Inserm UMR‐S 1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine France
- CNRS UMR 8246 France
| | - Sophie Longueville
- Inserm UMR‐S839 France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin France
| | | | - Olivia Engmann
- Inserm UMR‐S839 France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Inserm UMR‐S 1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine France
- CNRS UMR 8246 France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR‐S839 France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin France
| | - Jean‐Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR‐S839 France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin France
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27
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Reconsolidation of sucrose instrumental memory in rats: The role of retrieval context. Brain Res 2019; 1714:193-201. [PMID: 30853627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory reconsolidation enables the update of a previously consolidated memory trace after its reactivation. Although Pavlovian memory reconsolidation has been widely demonstrated, instrumental memory reconsolidation is still debated. The most critical issue on instrumental memory reconsolidation findings have mainly been linked to the presence of specific boundary conditions for reactivation, for instance contextual parameters. In this study, we investigated the role of the spatial context on molecular markers of sucrose instrumental memory reactivation. Following withdrawal, rats previously conditioned to sucrose self-administration underwent either instrumental memory retrieval or no-retrieval in the conditioned context (Context A, AA condition) or in a modified version of the conditioned context (Context B, AB condition). Two hours later, the level of GluA1 and GluN2B receptors, Zif268 and phosphorylated-rpS6 (rpS6P) was measured in key brain areas for memory reactivation. Retrieval in Context A significantly increased GluA1Rs and GluN2BRs in amygdala compared to no-retrieval, indicating that memory successfully reactivated and destabilized. Moreover, Zif268 level was significantly increased after retrieval in Context A in the nucleus accumbens shell, central and basolateral amygdala but not in the hippocampus, while retrieval in Context B significantly increased Zif268 level in all brain areas. On the other hand, rpS6P level was increased in the nucleus accumbens shell and central amygdala, but decreased in the hippocampus, after retrieval in Context A, while retrieval in Context B did not change rpS6P level in brain areas, except for a small but significant decrease in hippocampus. While the increase of Zif268 level indicated that memory reactivation has been triggered in both the conditions, the lack of change in rpS6P levels after retrieval in Context B - in particular in the central amygdala - suggests that the reconsolidation process could not occur after memory reactivation in a context different from the conditioned one.
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28
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Zhang JJ, Haubrich J, Bernabo M, Finnie PS, Nader K. Limits on lability: Boundaries of reconsolidation and the relationship to metaplasticity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 154:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Liu JF, Tian J, Li JX. Modulating reconsolidation and extinction to regulate drug reward memory. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2503-2512. [PMID: 30113098 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is an aberrant memory that shares the same memory processes as other memories. Brief exposure to drug-associated cues could result in reconsolidation, a hypothetical process during which original memory could be updated. In contrast, longer exposure times to drug-associated cues could trigger extinction, a process that decreases the conditioned responding. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and non-pharmacological manipulations on the reconsolidation and extinction that could be used to interfere with drug reward memories. Pharmacological agents such as β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol can interfere with reconsolidation to disrupt drug reward memory. Pharmacological agents such as the NMDA receptor glycine site agonists d-cycloserine and d-serine can facilitate extinction and then attenuate the expression of drug reward memory. Besides pharmacological interventions, drug-free behavioral approaches by utilizing the reconsolidation and extinction, such as 'post-retrieval extinction' and 'UCS-retrieval extinction', are also effective to erase or inhibit the recall of drug reward memory. Taken together, pharmacological modulation and non-pharmacological modulation of reconsolidation and extinction are promising approaches to regulate drug reward memory and prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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30
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Puaud M, Ossowska Z, Barnard J, Milton AL. Saccharin fading is not required for the acquisition of alcohol self-administration, and can alter the dynamics of cue-alcohol memory reconsolidation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1069-1082. [PMID: 29411070 PMCID: PMC5869889 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Animal models of alcohol-seeking are useful for understanding alcohol addiction and for treatment development, but throughput in these models is limited by the extensive pretraining required to overcome the aversive taste of ethanol. Work by Augier et al. (Psychopharmacology 231: 4561-4568, 2014) indicates that Wistar rats will self-administer alcohol without water deprivation, exposure to sweetened ethanol solutions or intermittent access to ethanol. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We sought to replicate and extend the work of Augier et al. by comparing the acquisition of instrumental self-administration of ethanol in Lister-Hooded rats that had been previously saccharin faded (SF group) or not (NSF group). We also aimed to determine whether NMDA receptor antagonism with MK-801, given at memory reactivation, reduced subsequent ethanol-seeking behaviour in both groups of animals. Finally, we assessed the ethanol preference of SF and NSF rats using the two-bottle choice procedure. RESULTS Both SF and NSF groups acquired instrumental self-administration of ethanol, though SF rats consumed fewer of the earned reinforcers. MK-801, given at memory reactivation, had different effects on NSF and SF rats: impairing the capacity of an ethanol-paired conditioned stimulus (CS) to support reinstatement in NSF rats, and enhancing it in SF rats. Finally, neither SF nor NSF rats showed a preference for ethanol. CONCLUSIONS Our data support those of Augier et al. (Psychopharmacology 231: 4561-4568, 2014) that pretraining is unnecessary for rats to acquire instrumental self-administration of ethanol. Indeed, saccharin fading may produce a weaker memory that extinguishes more readily, thus accounting for the different effects of MK-801 on SF and NSF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Puaud
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Zofia Ossowska
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Jordan Barnard
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Amy L. Milton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
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31
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Cassini LF, Flavell CR, Amaral OB, Lee JLC. On the transition from reconsolidation to extinction of contextual fear memories. Learn Mem 2017; 24:392-399. [PMID: 28814464 PMCID: PMC5580521 DOI: 10.1101/lm.045724.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Retrieval of an associative memory can lead to different phenomena. Brief reexposure sessions tend to trigger reconsolidation, whereas more extended ones trigger extinction. In appetitive and fear cued Pavlovian memories, an intermediate "null point" period has been observed where neither process seems to be engaged. Here we investigated whether this phenomenon extends to contextual fear memory. Adult rats were subjected to a contextual fear conditioning paradigm, reexposed to the context 2 d later for 3, 5, 10, 20, or 30 min, with immediate injections of MK-801 or saline following reexposure, and tested on the following day. We observed a significant effect of MK-801 with the 3- and 30-min sessions, impairing reconsolidation and extinction, respectively. However, it did not have significant effects with 5-, 10-, or 20-min sessions, even though freezing decreased from reexposure to test. Further analyses indicated that this is not likely to be due to a variable transition point at the population level. In conclusion, the results show that in contextual fear memories there is a genuine "null point" between the parameters that induce reconsolidation and extinction, as defined by the effects of MK-801, although NMDA receptor-independent decreases in freezing can still occur in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey F Cassini
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte R Flavell
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Olavo B Amaral
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jonathan L C Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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32
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Increasing the GluN2A/GluN2B Ratio in Neurons of the Mouse Basal and Lateral Amygdala Inhibits the Modification of an Existing Fear Memory Trace. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9490-504. [PMID: 27605622 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1743-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reconsolidation updating is a form of memory modification in which an existing memory can become destabilized upon retrieval and subsequently be modified via protein-synthesis-dependent reconsolidation. However, not all memories appear to destabilize upon retrieval and thus are not modifiable via reconsolidation updating approaches and the neurobiological basis for this remains poorly understood. Here, we report that auditory fear memories created with 10 tone-shock pairings are resistant to retrieval-dependent memory destabilization and are associated with an increase in the synaptic GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in neurons of the basal and lateral amygdala (BLA) compared with weaker fear memories created via one or three tone-shock pairings. To increase the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio after learning, we generated a line of mice that expresses an inducible and doxycycline-dependent GFP-GluN2A transgene specifically in α-CaMKII-positive neurons. Our findings indicate that increasing the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio in BLA α-CaMKII-positive neurons after a weak fear memory has consolidated inhibits retrieval-dependent memory destabilization and modification of the fear memory trace. This was associated with a reduction in retrieval-dependent AMPA receptor trafficking, as evidenced by a reduction in retrieval-dependent phosphorylation of GluR1 at serine-845. In addition, we determined that increasing the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio before fear learning significantly impaired long term memory consolidation, whereas short-term memory remained unaltered. An increase in the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio after fear learning had no influence on fear extinction or expression. Our results underscore the importance of NMDAR subunit composition for memory destabilization and suggest a mechanism for why some memories are resistant to modification. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Memory modification using reconsolidation updating is being examined as one of the potential treatment approaches for attenuating maladaptive memories associated with emotional disorders. However, studies have shown that, whereas weak memories can be modified using reconsolidation updating, strong memories can be resistant to this approach. Therefore, treatments targeting the reconsolidation process are unlikely to be clinically effective unless methods are devised to enhance retrieval-dependent memory destabilization. Currently, little is known about the cellular and molecular events that influence the induction of reconsolidation updating. Here, we determined that an increase in the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio interferes with retrieval-dependent memory destabilization and inhibits the initiation of reconsolidation updating.
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33
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Scofield MD, Heinsbroek JA, Gipson CD, Kupchik YM, Spencer S, Smith ACW, Roberts-Wolfe D, Kalivas PW. The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:816-71. [PMID: 27363441 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic exposure to several classes of drugs of abuse disrupts plasticity in this region, allowing drug-associated cues to engender a pathologic motivation for drug seeking. A number of alterations in glutamatergic transmission occur within the nucleus accumbens after withdrawal from chronic drug exposure. These drug-induced neuroadaptations serve as the molecular basis for relapse vulnerability. In this review, we focus on the role that glutamate signal transduction in the nucleus accumbens plays in addiction-related behaviors. First, we explore the nucleus accumbens, including the cell types and neuronal populations present as well as afferent and efferent connections. Next we discuss rodent models of addiction and assess the viability of these models for testing candidate pharmacotherapies for the prevention of relapse. Then we provide a review of the literature describing how synaptic plasticity in the accumbens is altered after exposure to drugs of abuse and withdrawal and also how pharmacological manipulation of glutamate systems in the accumbens can inhibit drug seeking in the laboratory setting. Finally, we examine results from clinical trials in which pharmacotherapies designed to manipulate glutamate systems have been effective in treating relapse in human patients. Further elucidation of how drugs of abuse alter glutamatergic plasticity within the accumbens will be necessary for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of addiction across all classes of addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - J A Heinsbroek
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - C D Gipson
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - Y M Kupchik
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - S Spencer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - A C W Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - D Roberts-Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
| | - P W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (M.D.S., J.A.H., S.S., D.R.-W., P.W.K.); Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (C.D.G.); Department of Neuroscience, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel (Y.M.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (A.C.W.S.)
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Hafenbreidel M, Rafa Todd C, Mueller D. Infralimbic GluN2A-Containing NMDA Receptors Modulate Reconsolidation of Cocaine Self-Administration Memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1113-1125. [PMID: 28042872 PMCID: PMC5506782 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is characterized by high relapse susceptibility, and relapse can be triggered by drug-associated cues. Cue presentation induces retrieval of the drug-cue memory, which becomes labile and must be reconsolidated into long-term storage. Repeated unpaired cue presentation, however, promotes extinction. Cue-reactivity can be reduced by blocking reconsolidation or facilitating extinction, which are mediated by NMDA receptors (NMDArs). However, the role of NMDArs in either process following self-administration is unclear. Thus, to determine their role in extinction, rats learned to self-administer cocaine before receiving injections of the NMDAr antagonist CPP immediately after four 45-min extinction sessions. During a subsequent 90-min extinction retention test, CPP-treated rats lever pressed less than saline-treated rats indicating that NMDAr blockade facilitated extinction or disrupted drug-cue memory reconsolidation. In addition, infusing CPP into the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (IL-mPFC), a structure implicated in extinction, before four 45-min or immediately after four 30min extinction sessions, had similar results during the extinction retention tests. Next, the GluN2A-selective antagonist NVP or GluN2B-selective antagonist Ro25 was infused into IL-mPFC or nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, another structure implicated in extinction, after four 45-min extinction sessions. Blocking GluN2A-, but not GluN2B-, containing NMDArs, in IL-mPFC or NAc shell reduced lever pressing during the extinction retention tests. Finally, to dissociate reconsolidation from extinction, NVP was infused into IL-mPFC after four 10-min reactivation sessions, which resulted in reduced lever pressing during the retention test. These results indicate that IL-mPFC GluN2A-containing NMDArs modulate reconsolidation, and suggest a novel treatment strategy, as reducing cue reactivity could limit relapse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolynn Rafa Todd
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico,Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, PO Box 7004, Ponce 00732-7004, Puerto Rico, Tel: +1 787 840 2575 Ext. 2588, Fax: +1 787 844 1980, E-mail:
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Nygard SK, Klambatsen A, Balouch B, Quinones-Jenab V, Jenab S. NMDAR dependent intracellular responses associated with cocaine conditioned place preference behavior. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:218-225. [PMID: 27664298 PMCID: PMC5107324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular responses associated with the acquisition and expression of cocaine-context associations. ERK (extracellular regulated kinase), CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein), FosB and ΔFosB proteins were of particular interest due to their involvement in cocaine reward and in synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. We used the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, which employs a Pavlovian conditioning procedure to establish an association between a drug-paired environment and the drug's rewarding effects, to study the role of these signaling pathways in cocaine-context associations. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonism prior to cocaine administration during conditioning blocked the acquisition of cocaine CPP and reduced Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) phosphorylated-ERK (pERK) and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) levels following the CPP test (drug-free). We also show that cocaine-induced increases in Caudate Putamen (CPu) FosB and ΔFosB levels are decreased after MK-801 pre-treatment during conditioning. In addition, our results provide evidence for the involvement of striatal SIRT (Silent Information Regulator of Transcription) proteins in cocaine-CPP. These results will aid in the advancement of general knowledge about the molecular formation and retrieval of cocaine-associated memories that can be used in the future when designing treatments for cocaine addiction that target both prevention and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Nygard
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA; Biopsychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA.
| | - Anthony Klambatsen
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA; Biopsychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA.
| | - Bailey Balouch
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA.
| | - Vanya Quinones-Jenab
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA; Biopsychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA.
| | - Shirzad Jenab
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA; Biopsychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA.
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NMDA antagonist MK 801 in nucleus accumbens core but not shell disrupts the restraint stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-conditioned place preference in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:150-9. [PMID: 27506656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is a common feature of cocaine addiction. In rodents, it can be elicited by cues, stress or the drug. Restraint stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) is a useful model to study the mechanisms involved in stress-induced relapse of drug-seeking behavior. There is evidence that the glutamate NMDA receptors are critically involved in drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of seeking behavior and drug-CPP responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of NMDA receptors within core vs. shell nucleus accumbens (NAc) subregions to restraint stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-CPP. After extinction of cocaine-conditioned preference, animals were administered MK 801 systemically or directly into intra-core or intra-shell, and restrained for 30min or left undisturbed in their home-cages. First, we demonstrated that restraint stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-CPP depends on the duration of restraint as well as on the context in which it is applied. Second, this effect was blocked by systemic MK 801 administration either before or after restraint. Third, intra-core but not intra-shell administration abrogated the restraint stress-induced reinstatement. These findings show that NMDA receptors within NAc core, but not shell, play a critical role in restraint stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-CPP.
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Disrupting astrocyte-neuron lactate transfer persistently reduces conditioned responses to cocaine. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1070-6. [PMID: 26503760 PMCID: PMC4960452 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A central problem in the treatment of drug addiction is the high risk of relapse often precipitated by drug-associated cues. The transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons is required for long-term memory. Whereas blockade of drug memory reconsolidation represents a potential therapeutic strategy, the role of astrocyte-neuron lactate transport in long-term conditioning has received little attention. By infusing an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase into the basolateral amygdala of rats, we report that disruption of astrocyte-derived lactate not only transiently impaired the acquisition of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference but also persistently disrupted an established conditioning. The drug memory was rescued by L-Lactate co-administration through a mechanism requiring the synaptic plasticity-related transcription factor Zif268 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway but not the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf). The long-term amnesia induced by glycogenolysis inhibition and the concomitant decreased expression of phospho-ERK were both restored with L-Lactate co-administration. These findings reveal a critical role for astrocyte-derived lactate in positive memory formation and highlight a novel amygdala-dependent reconsolidation process, whose disruption may offer a novel therapeutic target to reduce the long-lasting conditioned responses to cocaine.
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Sachser RM, Haubrich J, Lunardi PS, de Oliveira Alvares L. Forgetting of what was once learned: Exploring the role of postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors on memory formation, maintenance, and decay. Neuropharmacology 2016; 112:94-103. [PMID: 27425202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, extensive research in experimental cognitive neuroscience has provided a comprehensive understanding about the role of ionotropic glutamate receptor (IGluR)-dependent signaling underpinning postsynaptic plasticity induced by long-term potentiation (LTP), the leading cellular basis of long-term memory (LTM). However, despite the fact that iGluR-mediated postsynaptic plasticity regulates the formation and persistence of LTP and LTM, here we discuss the state-of-the-art regarding the mechanisms underpinning both LTP and LTM decay. First, we review the crucial roles that iGluRs play on memory encoding and stabilization. Second, we discuss the latest findings in forgetting considering hippocampal GluA2-AMPAR trafficking at postsynaptic sites as well as dendritic spine remodeling possibly involved in LTP decay. Third, on the role of retrieving consolidated LTMs, we discuss the mechanisms involved in memory destabilization that occurs followed reactivation that share striking similarities with the neurobiological basis of forgetting. Fourth, since different AMPAR subunits as well as postsynaptic scaffolding proteins undergo ubiquitination, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is discussed in light of memory decay. In conclusion, we provide an integrated overview revealing some of the mechanisms determining memory forgetting that are mediated by iGluRs. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Ionotropic glutamate receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marcelo Sachser
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josué Haubrich
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputation Lab, Biophysics Department, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Santana Lunardi
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Neuronal metabolomics by ion mobility mass spectrometry in cocaine self-administering rats after early and late withdrawal. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4233-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Contribution of an SFK-Mediated Signaling Pathway in the Dorsal Hippocampus to Cocaine-Memory Reconsolidation in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016. [PMID: 26202103 PMCID: PMC4707834 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally induced relapse to cocaine seeking requires the retrieval of context-response-cocaine associative memories. These memories become labile when retrieved and must undergo reconsolidation into long-term memory storage to be maintained. Identification of the molecular underpinnings of cocaine-memory reconsolidation will likely facilitate the development of treatments that mitigate the impact of cocaine memories on relapse vulnerability. Here, we used the rat extinction-reinstatement procedure to test the hypothesis that the Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFK) in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) critically controls contextual cocaine-memory reconsolidation. To this end, we evaluated the effects of bilateral intra-DH microinfusions of the SFK inhibitor, PP2 (62.5 ng per 0.5 μl per hemisphere), following re-exposure to a cocaine-associated (cocaine-memory reactivation) or an unpaired context (no memory reactivation) on subsequent drug context-induced instrumental cocaine-seeking behavior. We also assessed alterations in the phosphorylation state of SFK targets, including GluN2A and GluN2B N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and GluA2 α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits at the putative time of memory restabilization and following PP2 treatment. Finally, we evaluated the effects of intra-DH PEAQX (2.5 μg per 0.5 μl per hemisphere), a GluN2A-subunit-selective NMDAR antagonist, following, or in the absence of, cocaine-memory reactivation on subsequent drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. GluN2A phosphorylation increased in the DH during putative memory restabilization, and intra-DH PP2 treatment inhibited this effect. Furthermore, PP2-as well as PEAQX-attenuated subsequent drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior, in a memory reactivation-dependent manner, relative to VEH. These findings suggest that hippocampal SFKs contribute to the long-term stability of cocaine-related memories that underlie contextual stimulus control over cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Besheer J, Frisbee S, Randall PA, Jaramillo AA, Masciello M. Gabapentin potentiates sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of alcohol and increases alcohol self-administration in rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 101:216-24. [PMID: 26415538 PMCID: PMC4857596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gabapentin, a drug used in the treatment of epileptic seizures and neuropathic pain, has shown efficacy in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Moreover, given that gabapentin is used in the general population (e.g., non-dependent individuals, social drinkers), we sought to utilize preclinical assessments to examine the effects of gabapentin on sensitivity to moderate alcohol doses and alcohol self-administration in rats with a history of moderate drinking. To this end, we assessed whether gabapentin (0, 10, 30, 120 mg/kg, IG) pretreatment alters sensitivity to experimenter- and self-administered alcohol, and whether gabapentin alone has alcohol-like discriminative stimulus effects in rats trained to discriminate alcohol dose (1 g/kg, IG) vs. water. Second, we assessed whether gabapentin (0, 10, 30, 60 mg/kg, IG) would alter alcohol self-administration. Gabapentin pretreatment potentiated the interoceptive effects of both experimenter-administered and self-administered alcohol in discrimination-trained rats. Additionally, the highest gabapentin doses tested (30 and 120 mg/kg) were found to have partial alcohol-like discriminative stimulus effects when administered alone (e.g., without alcohol). In the self-administration trained rats, gabapentin pretreatment (60 mg/kg) resulted in an escalation in alcohol self-administration. Given the importance of interoceptive drug cues in priming and maintaining self-administration, these data define a specific behavioral mechanism (i.e., potentiation of alcohol effects) by which gabapentin may increase alcohol self-administration in non-dependent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | | | | - Anel A Jaramillo
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, USA
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NMDA and dopamine D1 receptors within NAc-shell regulate IEG proteins expression in reward circuit during cocaine memory reconsolidation. Neuroscience 2015; 315:45-69. [PMID: 26674058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of consolidated memory initiates a memory reconsolidation process, during which the reactivated memory is susceptible to strengthening, weakening or updating. Therefore, effective interference with the memory reconsolidation process is expected to be an important treatment for drug addiction. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been well recognized as a pathway component that can prevent drug relapse, although the mechanism underlying this function is poorly understood. We aimed to clarify the regulatory role of the NAc in the cocaine memory reconsolidation process, by examining the effect of applying different pharmacological interventions to the NAc on Zif 268 and Fos B expression in the entire reward circuit after cocaine memory reactivation. Through the cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining for Zif 268 and Fos B were used to explore the functional activated brain nuclei after cocaine memory reactivation. Our results showed that the expression of Zif 268 and Fos B was commonly increased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the infralimbic cortex (IL), the NAc-core, the NAc-shell, the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, and CA3 subregions), the amygdala, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) following memory reconsolidation, and Zif 268/Fos B co-expression was commonly observed (for Zif 268: 51-68%; for Fos B: 52-66%). Further, bilateral NAc-shell infusion of MK 801 and SCH 23390, but not raclopride or propranolol, prior to addictive memory reconsolidation, decreased Zif 268 and Fos B expression in the entire reward circuit, except for the amygdala, and effectively disturbed subsequent CPP-related behavior. In summary, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine D1 receptors, but not dopamine D2 or β adrenergic receptors, within the NAc-shell, may regulate Zif 268 and Fos B expression in most brain nuclei of the reward circuit after cocaine memory reactivation. These findings indicated that the NAc played a key role in regulating addictive memory reconsolidation by influencing the function of the entire addictive memory network.
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Korpi ER, den Hollander B, Farooq U, Vashchinkina E, Rajkumar R, Nutt DJ, Hyytiä P, Dawe GS. Mechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:872-1004. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Dennis TS, Perrotti LI. Erasing Drug Memories Through the Disruption of Memory Reconsolidation: A Review of Glutamatergic Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jabr.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Tedesco V, Mutti A, Auber A, Chiamulera C. Nicotine-seeking reinstatement is reduced by inhibition of instrumental memory reconsolidation. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 25:725-31. [PMID: 25230207 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The reinforcing properties of nicotine play a major role in instrumental conditioning to nicotine taking in smokers. Retrieval of nicotine-related memories may promote relapse to nicotine seeking after prolonged abstinence. Once consolidated, memories are stable, but they return to a labile phase, called reconsolidation, after their retrieval. The aim of our study was to investigate whether it was possible to interfere with the reconsolidation of instrumental nicotine-related memories by acting at glutamatergic receptors [N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs)] to prevent relapse to nicotine-seeking behaviour in the rat. We assessed whether the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, administered before or after nicotine-related instrumental memory retrieval, can reduce reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behaviour in rats previously trained to nicotine self-administration. Following a period of forced abstinence, MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered 30 min before or 1 h after the re-exposure to 20 lever presses without any contingency in the training context to retrieve instrumental memory. MK-801 administered after, but not before, retrieval inhibited reinstatement compared with vehicle controls and groups without retrieval of instrumental memory. Interestingly, a retrieval factor effect was observed as an increase of reinstatement in vehicle-treated groups, suggesting a behavioural outcome of the occurrence of instrumental memory reconsolidation. Our findings suggest that, by acting on NMDARs, it is possible to reduce the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behaviour through inhibition of instrumental nicotine-related memory reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tedesco
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Sorg BA, Todd RP, Slaker M, Churchill L. Anisomycin in the medial prefrontal cortex reduces reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memories in the rat self-administration model. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92:25-33. [PMID: 25576371 PMCID: PMC4346388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that infusion of anisomycin into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) disrupts the reconsolidation of a cocaine-associated memory in the rat cocaine self-administration model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to lever press for cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) along with a cue light presentation on an FR1 followed by an FR3 schedule of reinforcement for 2 h/day. Rats were then given extinction sessions or an equivalent forced abstinence period followed by a 5 min memory reactivation session during which time they received an ip cocaine injection (10 mg/kg, ip) and were allowed to press for contingent cue light presentation. Immediately after reactivation, they were administered an intra-mPFC infusion of vehicle or anisomycin. Two additional control groups received extinction and either no memory reactivation and intra-mPFC infusions as above or intra-mPFC infusions 6 h after memory reactivation. A fourth group received forced abstinence and intra-mPFC infusions immediately after memory reactivation. Combined cocaine + cue-induced reinstatement was given 2-3 days (early) and 8-12 days (late) later. Rats given anisomycin in the Extinction + Reactivation demonstrated decreased reinstatement, while anisomycin treatment did not alter behavior in any of the other three groups. These results suggest that extinction training may recruit the mPFC such that it renders the memory susceptible to disruption by anisomycin. These findings have implications for using extinction training prior to or in conjunction with other therapies, including reconsolidation disruption, to enhance prefrontal control over drug-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Sorg
- Translational Addiction Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Ryan P Todd
- Translational Addiction Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Megan Slaker
- Translational Addiction Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Lynn Churchill
- Translational Addiction Research Center and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Noradrenergic regulation of fear and drug-associated memory reconsolidation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:793-803. [PMID: 25315025 PMCID: PMC4330497 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotional and traumatic experiences lead to the development of particularly strong memories that can drive neuropsychiatric disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug addiction. Disruption of these memories would therefore serve as a powerful treatment option, and targeting the pathologic emotional, but not declarative, component of a memory would be ideal for clinical intervention. Research reveals that after retrieval of a consolidated memory, the memory can be destabilized, and must then be reconsolidated through synaptic plasticity to allow subsequent retrieval. Disruption of reconsolidation-related plasticity would therefore impair specific, reactivated memories. Noradrenergic signaling strengthens synaptic plasticity and is essential for encoding the emotional components of memory. Consistent with this, investigations have now revealed that noradrenergic signaling is a critical mechanism for reconsolidation of emotional memories in rodent and human models. Here, we discuss these investigations and promising clinical trials indicating that disruption of noradrenergic signaling during reconsolidation may abolish the pathologic emotional, but not declarative, component of memories allowing alleviation of neuropsychiatric disorders including PTSD and drug addiction.
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Exton-McGuinness MTJ, Lee JLC. Reduction in Responding for Sucrose and Cocaine Reinforcement by Disruption of Memory Reconsolidation. eNeuro 2015; 2:ENEURO.0009-15.2015. [PMID: 26464973 PMCID: PMC4596086 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0009-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored memories are dynamic and, when reactivated, can undergo a process of destabilization and reconsolidation to update them with new information. Reconsolidation has been shown for a variety of experimental settings; most recently for well-learned instrumental memories, a class of memory previously thought not to undergo reconsolidation. Here we tested, in rats, whether a weakly-trained lever-pressing memory destabilized following a shift in reinforcement contingency. We show that lever-pressing memory for both sucrose and cocaine reinforcement destabilized under appropriate conditions, and that the reconsolidation of this memory was impaired by systemic administration of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist [5R,10S]-[+]-5-methyl-10,1-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801). We went on to investigate the potential role of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the reconsolidation of sucrose-reinforced instrumental memories, showing that co-infusion of the NMDAR antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) and the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) antagonist 7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-8-ol (SCH23390) into the NAc prior to memory reactivation impaired reconsolidation; however, there was no effect when these drugs were infused alone. Further investigation of this effect suggests the combined infusion disrupted the reconsolidation of pavlovian components of memory, and we hypothesize that coactivation of accumbal D1Rs and NMDARs may contribute to both the destabilization and reconsolidation of appetitive memory. Our work demonstrates that weakly-trained instrumental memories undergo reconsolidation under similar parameters to well-trained ones, and also suggests that receptor coactivation in the NAc may contribute to memory destabilization. Furthermore, it provides an important demonstration of the therapeutic potential of reconsolidation-based treatments that target the instrumental components of memory in maladaptive drug seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan L C Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham , B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Exton-McGuinness MT, Lee JL, Reichelt AC. Updating memories—The role of prediction errors in memory reconsolidation. Behav Brain Res 2015; 278:375-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism disrupts the reconsolidation of social reward-related memories in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2014; 25:216-25. [PMID: 24776489 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reconsolidation is the process whereby consolidated memories are destabilized upon retrieval and restabilized to persist for later use. Although the neurobiology of the reconsolidation of both appetitive and aversive memories has been intensively investigated, reconsolidation of memories of physiologically relevant social rewards has received little attention. Social play, the most characteristic social behaviour displayed by young mammals, is highly rewarding, illustrated by the fact that it can induce conditioned place preference (CPP). Here, we investigated the role of signalling mechanisms implicated in memory processes, including reconsolidation, namely glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, NMDA glutamatergic and CB1 cannabinoid receptors, in the reconsolidation of social play-induced CPP in rats. Systemic treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone before, but not immediately after, retrieval disrupted the reconsolidation of social play-induced CPP. Mifepristone did not affect social play-induced CPP in the absence of memory retrieval. Treatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 modestly affected the reconsolidation of social play-induced CPP. However, the reconsolidation of social play-induced CPP was not affected by treatment with the mineralocorticoid and CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists spironolactone and rimonabant, respectively. We conclude that glucocorticoid neurotransmission mediates the reconsolidation of social reward-related memories in rats. These data indicate that the neural mechanisms of the reconsolidation of social reward-related memories only partially overlap with those underlying the reconsolidation of other reward-related memories.
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