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Lee R, Kim G, Kim S. Co-activation of selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes is required to reverse hippocampal network dysfunction and prevent fear memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602576. [PMID: 39026693 PMCID: PMC11257460 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with no known cause and cure. Research suggests that a reduction of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons' activity in the hippocampus by beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is a crucial trigger for cognitive impairment in AD via hyperexcitability. Therefore, enhancing hippocampal inhibition is thought to be protective against AD. However, hippocampal inhibitory cells are highly diverse, and these distinct interneuron subtypes differentially regulate hippocampal inhibitory circuits and cognitive processes. Moreover, Aβ unlikely affects all subtypes of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus equally. Hence, identifying the affected interneuron subtypes in AD to enhance hippocampal inhibition optimally is conceptually and practically challenging. We have previously found that Aβ selectively binds to two of the three major hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, α7- and α4β2-nAChRs, but not α3β4-nAChRs, and inhibits these two receptors in cultured hippocampal inhibitory interneurons to decrease their activity, leading to hyperexcitation and synaptic dysfunction in excitatory neurons. We have also revealed that co-activation of α7- and α4β2-nAChRs is required to reverse the Aβ-induced adverse effects in hippocampal excitatory neurons. Here, we discover that α7- and α4β2-nAChRs predominantly control the nicotinic cholinergic signaling and neuronal activity in hippocampal parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and somatostatin-positive (SST+) inhibitory interneurons, respectively. Furthermore, we reveal that co-activation of these receptors is necessary to reverse hippocampal network dysfunction and fear memory loss in the amyloid pathology model mice. We thus suggest that co-activation of PV+ and SST+ cells is a novel strategy to reverse hippocampal dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD.
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Pennington ZT, LaBanca AR, Sompolpong P, Abdel-Raheim SD, Ko B, Christenson Wick Z, Feng Y, Dong Z, Francisco TR, Bacon ME, Chen L, Fulton SL, Maze I, Shuman T, Cai DJ. Dissociable contributions of the amygdala and ventral hippocampus to stress-induced changes in defensive behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.27.530077. [PMID: 36945605 PMCID: PMC10028838 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe stress can produce multiple persistent changes in defensive behavior relevant to psychiatric illness. While much is known about the circuits supporting stress-induced associative fear, how stress-induced circuit plasticity supports non-associative changes in defensive behavior remains unclear. METHODS Mice were exposed to an acute severe stressor, and subsequently, both associative and non-associative defensive behavioral responses were assessed. A mixture of local protein synthesis inhibition, pan-neuronal chemogenetic inhibition, and projection-specific chemogenetic inhibition were utilized to isolate the roles of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus (vHC) to the induction and expression of associative and non-associative defensive behavioral changes. RESULTS Stress-induced protein synthesis in the BLA was necessary for enhancements in stress sensitivity but not enhancements in anxiety-related behaviors, whereas protein synthesis in the vHC was necessary for enhancements in anxiety-related behavior but not enhancements in stress sensitivity. Like protein synthesis, neuronal activity of the BLA and vHC were found to differentially support the expression of these same defensive behaviors. Additionally, projection-specific inhibition of BLA-vHC connections failed to alter these behaviors, indicating that these defensive behaviors are regulated by distinct BLA and vHC circuits. Lastly, contributions of the BLA and vHC to stress sensitivity and anxiety-related behavior were independent of their contributions to associative fear. CONCLUSIONS Stress-induced plasticity in the BLA and vHC were found to support dissociable non-associative behavioral changes, with BLA supporting enhancements in stress sensitivity and vHC supporting increased anxiety-related behavior. These findings demonstrate that independent BLA and vHC circuits are critical for stress-induced defensive behaviors, and that differential targeting of BLA and vHC circuits may be needed in disease treatment.
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Lopez MR, Wasberg SMH, Gagliardi CM, Normandin ME, Muzzio IA. Mystery of the memory engram: History, current knowledge, and unanswered questions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105574. [PMID: 38331127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The quest to understand the memory engram has intrigued humans for centuries. Recent technological advances, including genetic labelling, imaging, optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques, have propelled the field of memory research forward. These tools have enabled researchers to create and erase memory components. While these innovative techniques have yielded invaluable insights, they often focus on specific elements of the memory trace. Genetic labelling may rely on a particular immediate early gene as a marker of activity, optogenetics may activate or inhibit one specific type of neuron, and imaging may capture activity snapshots in a given brain region at specific times. Yet, memories are multifaceted, involving diverse arrays of neuronal subpopulations, circuits, and regions that work in concert to create, store, and retrieve information. Consideration of contributions of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, micro and macro circuits across brain regions, the dynamic nature of active ensembles, and representational drift is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lopez
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - S M H Wasberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - C M Gagliardi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - M E Normandin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - I A Muzzio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Farrell K, Auerbach A, Musaus M, Navabpour S, Liu C, Lin Y, Xie H, Jarome TJ. Phosphorylation of RPT6 Controls Its Ability to Bind DNA and Regulate Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Male Rats during Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1453232023. [PMID: 38124005 PMCID: PMC10860611 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1453-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory formation requires coordinated control of gene expression, protein synthesis, and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated protein degradation. The catalytic component of the UPS, the 26S proteasome, contains a 20S catalytic core surrounded by two 19S regulatory caps, and phosphorylation of the 19S cap regulatory subunit RPT6 at serine 120 (pRPT6-S120) has been widely implicated in controlling activity-dependent increases in proteasome activity. Recently, RPT6 was also shown to act outside the proteasome where it has a transcription factor-like role in the hippocampus during memory formation. However, little is known about the proteasome-independent function of "free" RPT6 in the brain or during memory formation and whether phosphorylation of S120 is required for this transcriptional control function. Here, we used RNA-sequencing along with novel genetic approaches and biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assays to test the hypothesis that pRPT6-S120 functions independently of the proteasome to bind DNA and regulate gene expression during memory formation. RNA-sequencing following siRNA-mediated knockdown of free RPT6 revealed 46 gene targets in the dorsal hippocampus of male rats following fear conditioning, where RPT6 was involved in transcriptional activation and repression. Through CRISPR-dCas9-mediated artificial placement of RPT6 at a target gene, we found that RPT6 DNA binding alone may be important for altering gene expression following learning. Further, CRISPR-dCas13-mediated conversion of S120 to glycine on RPT6 revealed that phosphorylation at S120 is necessary for RPT6 to bind DNA and properly regulate transcription during memory formation. Together, we reveal a novel function for phosphorylation of RPT6 in controlling gene transcription during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Farrell
- Departments of School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Aubrey Auerbach
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Catherine Liu
- Departments of School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Hehuang Xie
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- Fralin Life Science Institute at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- Departments of School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
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Leake J, Leidl DM, Lay BPP, Fam JP, Giles MC, Qureshi OA, Westbrook RF, Holmes NM. What is Learned Determines How Pavlovian Conditioned Fear is Consolidated in the Brain. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0513232023. [PMID: 37963767 PMCID: PMC10860607 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0513-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) is needed to encode fears acquired through contact with both innate sources of danger (i.e., things that are painful) and learned sources of danger (e.g., being threatened with a gun). However, within the BLA, the molecular processes required to consolidate the two types of fear are not the same: protein synthesis is needed to consolidate the first type of fear (so-called first-order fear) but not the latter (so-called second-order fear). The present study examined why first- and second-order fears differ in this respect. Specifically, it used a range of conditioning protocols in male and female rats, and assessed the effects of a BLA infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, on first- and second-order conditioned fear. The results revealed that the differential protein synthesis requirements for consolidation of first- and second-order fears reflect differences in what is learned in each case. Protein synthesis in the BLA is needed to consolidate fears that result from encoding of relations between stimuli in the environment (stimulus-stimulus associations, typical for first-order fear) but is not needed to consolidate fears that form when environmental stimuli associate directly with fear responses emitted by the animal (stimulus-response associations, typical for second-order fear). Thus, the substrates of Pavlovian fear conditioning in the BLA depend on the way that the environment impinges upon the animal. This is discussed with respect to theories of amygdala function in Pavlovian fear conditioning, and ways in which stimulus-response associations might be consolidated in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Leake
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dana M Leidl
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Belinda P P Lay
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Justine P Fam
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Madeleine C Giles
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Omar A Qureshi
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec HB4 1R6, Canada
| | - R Frederick Westbrook
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Nathan M Holmes
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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6
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Bryant KG, Singh B, Barker JM. Sex and individual differences in the effect of chronic low-dose ethanol on behavioral strategy selection. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:132-141. [PMID: 38206280 PMCID: PMC10784635 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves impaired behavioral control and flexibility. Behavioral inflexibility includes an inability to shift behavior in response to changes in behavioral outcomes. Low levels of ethanol drinking may promote the formation of inflexible, habitual reward seeking, but this may depend on the timing of ethanol exposure in relation to learning. The goal of this study was to determine whether a history of low-dose ethanol exposure promoted contingency-insensitive sucrose seeking and altered behavioral strategy selection. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were trained to perform a response (lever press) for sucrose on two different reinforcement schedules: one that is thought to promote inflexible responding (random interval) and one that maintains flexible responding (variable ratio [VR]). Following instrumental training each day, mice were exposed to saline or low-dose ethanol (0.5 g/kg; i.p.) either proximal (1 h after) or distal (4 h after) to learning. Mice were then tested for sensitivity to changes in contingency in a contingency degradation test. RESULTS A history of low-dose ethanol exposure shifted behavioral strategy selection, as measured by reward tracking behavior, but this depended on sex and reinforcement schedule history. Both male and female mice used different strategies depending on the reinforcement schedule, but only males exhibited ethanol-induced shifts in strategy selection. A history of low-dose ethanol exposure did not impact contingency sensitivity in males but promoted insensitivity in females specifically on the VR lever. CONCLUSIONS Female mice show distinct behavioral effects of repeated, low-dose ethanol exposure as compared to males, with sex differences in the use of reward tracking strategies to guide behavior. Future studies should investigate sex differences in the neural consequences of chronic low-dose ethanol exposure that may underlie behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G. Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Binay Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Jacqueline M. Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
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Bryant KG, Barker JM. Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice. J Exp Anal Behav 2024; 121:74-87. [PMID: 38105634 PMCID: PMC10841761 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Habit and motivation are thought to be separate processes, with motivated behavior often considered to be goal directed, whereas habits are defined by the absence of goal-directed control over behavior. However, there has been increasing interrogation of the binary nature of habitual versus goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, although drug and alcohol exposure can promote the formation of habits, drug seeking itself can also be highly flexible, pointing toward the need for complex consideration of the parallel processes that drive behavior. The goal of the current study was to determine whether there was a relation between motivation-as measured by progressive ratio-and habit-as measured by contingency degradation-and whether this relation was affected by ethanol exposure history and sex. The results showed that these measures were positively correlated such that greater contingency insensitivity was associated with achieving higher break points on the progressive-ratio task. However, this relation depended on reinforcement schedule history, ethanol exposure history, and sex. These point to potential relations between measures of habit and motivation and stress the importance of carefully parsing behavioral findings and assays. These findings are also expected to inform future substance use research, as drug history may affect these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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de Andrade CV, Soliani AG, Cerutti SM. Standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba treatment and novelty on the weak encoding of spatial recognition memory in rats. Learn Mem 2023; 30:85-95. [PMID: 37072140 PMCID: PMC10165992 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053755.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-term memory (LTM) formation is dependent on neurochemical changes that guarantee that a recently formed memory (short-term memory [STM]) remains in the specific neural circuitry via the consolidation process. The persistence of recognition memory has been evidenced by using behavioral tagging in young adult rats, but it has not been effective on aging. Here, we investigated the effects of treatment with a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) associated with novelty on the consolidation of object location memory (OLM) and its persistence after weak training of spatial object preference in young adult and aged rats. The object location task used in this study included two habituation sessions, training sessions associated or not associated with EGb treatment and contextual novelty, and short-term or long-term retention testing sessions. Altogether, our data showed that treatment with EGb associated with novelty close to the time of encoding resulted in STM that lasted for 1 h and persisted for 24 h for both young adult and aged rats. In aged rats, the cooperative mechanisms induced robust long-term OLM. Our findings support and extend our knowledge about recognition memory in aged rats and the modulating effects of EGb treatment and contextual novelty on the persistence of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vitor de Andrade
- The Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Andressa Gabriela Soliani
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- the Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- The Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- the Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
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Correa-Netto NF, Masukawa MY, Silva-Gomes AM, Linardi A, Santos-Junior JG. Memory reactivation mediates emotional valence updating of contextual memory in mice with protracted morphine withdrawal. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114212. [PMID: 36370948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mice subjected to morphine locomotor sensitization develop increased anxiety-behavior expression during protracted morphine withdrawal. This behavioral change is dependent on reexposure to the context of locomotor sensitization and reflects a state of conditioned anxiety. In this study, the effect of memory reconsolidation on the expression of conditioned anxiety in mice with protracted morphine withdrawal was examined. Five experimental protocols involving male C57BL/6 mice were used in which the animals were subjected to locomotor sensitization induced by morphine and reexposed to the context associated with the drug effect 28 days after locomotor sensitization and immediately after subjected to elevated plus maze. In experiment 1, mice were subjected or not to memory reactivation session and was observed that memory reactivation 27 days after sensitization reduced conditioned anxiety. In experiment 2, mice were subjected to memory reactivation, 24 h, 6 h or 1 h before contextual reexposure, and the effect of memory reactivation coincided with the temporal requirement for reconsolidation. In experiment 3, which involved exposure to a situation of acute stress immediately before memory reactivation, the mice demonstrated a return to increased conditioned anxiety. To confirm the influence of reconsolidation, in experiments 4 and 5, mice subjected to memory reactivation were treated with Nimodipine, diazepam or cyclohexamine, substances commonly used as pharmacological controls in reconsolidation experiments. Treatment with each substance separately inhibited the effect of reactivation in experiment 5 (presence of acute stressor) but not in experiment 4 (absence of acute stressor). These results suggest that, in our experimental model, reconsolidation is mediated through updating of the emotional valence of contextual memory associated with the administration of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Francisco Correa-Netto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01221-020, SP, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Yuriko Masukawa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01221-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Marcos Silva-Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01221-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01221-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair Guilherme Santos-Junior
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Cesário Mota Junior, 61, Vila Buarque, São Paulo 01221-020, SP, Brazil
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Xuan SM, Su YW, Liang YM, Gao ZJ, Liu CY, Fan BF, Shi YW, Wang XG, Zhao H. mGluR5 in amygdala modulates fear memory generalization. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1072642. [PMID: 36891323 PMCID: PMC9986332 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1072642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fear memory generalization is regarded as the core characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. However, the mechanism that contributes to the generalization of conditioned fear memory is still unclear. The generalization is generally considered to be a mismatch that occurs during memory consolidation. Methods Foot shocks and tones were given as unconditioned stress and conditioned stress, respectively for fear conditioning training. Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and qPCR were performed to determine the expression of different genes in amygdala of mice after fear conditioning training. Cycloheximide was used as a protein synthesis inhibitor and 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-pyridine was injected for mGluR5 inhibition. Results Fear conditioning using caused incremental generalization, which was clearly observed during training. The density of c-Fos+ cells or the synaptic p-NMDAR expression did not differ with stress intensities. Strong-shock fear conditioning could induce significant mGluR5 de novo synthesis in the amygdala, which was not observed in the weak-shock group. Inhibition of mGluR5 impaired fear memory generalization induced by strong-shock fear conditioning, but the generalization level induced by weak-shock training was enhanced. Discussion These results indicated that mGluR5 in the amygdala is critical to the function of inappropriate fear memory generalization and suggested that this may be a potential target for the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Min Xuan
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Wen Su
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Meng Liang
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Gao
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bu-Fang Fan
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shi
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Neurogenetics of Memory, Learning, and Forgetting. Neurogenetics 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07793-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Broadbelt T, Mutlu-Smith M, Carnicero-Senabre D, Saido TC, Saito T, Wang SH. Impairment in novelty-promoted memory via behavioral tagging and capture before apparent memory loss in a knock-in model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22298. [PMID: 36566248 PMCID: PMC9789965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive impairments and age-dependent memory deficits which have been studied using genetic models of AD. Whether the processes for modulating memory persistence are more vulnerable to the influence of amyloid pathology than the encoding and consolidation of the memory remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether early amyloid pathology would affect peri-learning novelty in promoting memory, through a process called behavioral tagging and capture (BTC). AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice and wild-type littermates were trained in an appetitive delayed matching-to-place (ADMP) task which allows for the assessment of peri-learning novelty in facilitating memory. The results show that novelty enabled intermediate-term memory in wild-type mice, but not in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice in adulthood. This effect preceded spatial memory impairment in the ADMP task seen in middle age. Other memory tests in the Barnes maze, Y-maze, novel object or location recognition tasks remained intact. Together, memory modulation through BTC is impaired before apparent deficits in learning and memory. Relevant biological mechanisms underlying BTC and the implication in AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Broadbelt
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Menekse Mutlu-Smith
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Daniel Carnicero-Senabre
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Present Address: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- grid.474690.8Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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13
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Inhibition of late mRNA synthesis in the hippocampus impairs consolidation and reconsolidation of spatial memory in male rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 195:107687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Gong Z, Wang Z, Jiang L, Wang X, Zhang B, Vashisth MK, Zhou Q. Neuronal activity in the dorsal dentate gyrus during extinction regulates fear memory extinction and renewal. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114224. [PMID: 36089058 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory extinction and renewal are major factors that limits the efficacy of exposure therapy. The dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) plays a crucial role in spatial memory, and epigenetic modifications in the dDG play an important role in fear memory renewal. However, whether dDG activity regulates fear memory extinction and renewal remains unclear. In this study, we showed that an extinction procedure that prevents fear memory renewal (extinction within the reconsolidation window) leads to increased c-fos expression in the dDG. Chemicogenetic activation of dDG excitatory neurons during extinction training elevated fear memory extinction and prevented renewal, whereas inhibition of dDG excitatory neurons inhibited fear memory extinction. We also demonstrated that inhibiting fear engram cells (neurons active during fear acquisition) during extinction training inhibits fear memory extinction. Therefore, dDG activity during fear extinction plays an important role in fear memory extinction and renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Gong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zongliang Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Bensi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Vashisth
- Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Li H, Hu T, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Li H. Disrupting reconsolidation by PKA inhibitor in BLA reduces heroin-seeking behavior. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:996379. [PMID: 36106011 PMCID: PMC9464818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.996379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse is considered a maladaptive pathology of emotional memory and is associated with craving and relapse induced by drug-associated stimuli or drugs. Reconsolidation is an independent memory process with a strict time window followed by the reactivation of drug-associated stimulus depending on the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Pharmacology or behavior treatment that disrupts the reconsolidation can effectively attenuate drug-seeking in addicts. Here, we hypothesized that heroin-memory reconsolidation requires cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) of BLA based on the fundamental effect of PKA in synaptic plasticity and memory process. After 10 days of acquisition, the rats underwent 11 days of extinction training and then received the intra-BLA infusions of the PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMPS at different time windows with/without a reactivation session. The results show that PKA inhibitor treatment in the reconsolidation time window disrupts the reconsolidation and consequently reduces cue-induced reinstatement, heroin-induced reinstatement, and spontaneous recovery of heroin-seeking behavior in the rats. In contrast, there was no effect on cue-induced reinstatement in the intra-BLA infusion of PKA inhibitor 6 h after reactivation or without reactivation. These data suggest that PKA inhibition disrupts the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory, reduces subsequent drug seeking, and prevents relapse, which is retrieval-dependent, time-limited, and BLA-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Zhang
- Center of Medical Genetics, Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Haoxian Li
- Center of Medical Genetics, Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zijin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Haoyu Li
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16
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Ostroff LE, Cain CK. Persistent up-regulation of polyribosomes at synapses during long-term memory, reconsolidation, and extinction of associative memory. LEARNING & MEMORY (COLD SPRING HARBOR, N.Y.) 2022; 29:192-202. [PMID: 35882501 PMCID: PMC9374273 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053577.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Local protein synthesis at synapses can provide a rapid supply of proteins to support synaptic changes during consolidation of new memories, but its role in the maintenance or updating of established memories is unknown. Consolidation requires new protein synthesis in the period immediately following learning, whereas established memories are resistant to protein synthesis inhibitors. We have previously reported that polyribosomes are up-regulated in the lateral amygdala (LA) during consolidation of aversive-cued Pavlovian conditioning. In this study, we used serial section electron microscopy reconstructions to determine whether the distribution of dendritic polyribosomes returns to baseline during the long-term memory phase. Relative to control groups, long-term memory was associated with up-regulation of polyribosomes throughout dendrites, including in dendritic spines of all sizes. Retrieval of a consolidated memory by presentation of a small number of cues induces a new, transient requirement for protein synthesis to maintain the memory, while presentation of a large number of cues results in extinction learning, forming a new memory. One hour after retrieval or extinction training, the distribution of dendritic polyribosomes was similar except in the smallest spines, which had more polyribosomes in the extinction group. Our results demonstrate that the effects of learning on dendritic polyribosomes are not restricted to the transient translation-dependent phase of memory formation. Cued Pavlovian conditioning induces persistent synapse strengthening in the LA that is not reversed by retrieval or extinction, and dendritic polyribosomes may therefore correlate generally with synapse strength as opposed to recent activity or transient translational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnaea E Ostroff
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Christopher K Cain
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
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17
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Gold PE. Revisiting and revising memory consolidation: Personal reflections on the research legacy of Ivan Izquierdo. Neuroscience 2022; 497:4-13. [PMID: 35667494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two important themes in Ivan Izquierdo's research each offered both answers and questions about the topic of memory formation and maintenance. The first theme provided evidence supporting the view that short- and long-term memory were distinct processes and could be selectively modulated by several treatments, with some affecting only short-term, others only affecting long-term memory, and still others affecting both. Over many years, Izquierdo's laboratory documented molecular responses across time after training obtaining results that showed differences as well as similarities in the biochemical changes during the first 1-2 hours and the next 4-6 hours after training, i.e., during the transition from short- to long-term memory. This work clarified the biological underpinnings of the memory processes. The second theme described waves of susceptibility of memory to enhancing and impairing treatments after time, a biphasic profile that contrasted with earlier monotonic decreases in the efficacy of memory modulating treatments as a function of time between training and treatment. Remarkably, these waves of susceptibility to modification were accompanied by biphasic changes in molecular measures at similar times after training. Remarkably, some of the molecular players exhibited persistent changes after training, with increases in levels lasting days following the training experience. These persistent molecular changes may reveal a biological basis for the dynamic nature of memories seen long after the initial memory is consolidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Gold
- Department of Biology, Syracuse, NY, 13224, United States.
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18
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Zhang Y, Smolen P, Alberini CM, Baxter DA, Byrne JH. Computational analysis of memory consolidation following inhibitory avoidance (IA) training in adult and infant rats: Critical roles of CaMKIIα and MeCP2. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010239. [PMID: 35759520 PMCID: PMC9269953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Key features of long-term memory (LTM), such as its stability and persistence, are acquired during processes collectively referred to as consolidation. The dynamics of biological changes during consolidation are complex. In adult rodents, consolidation exhibits distinct periods during which the engram is more or less resistant to disruption. Moreover, the ability to consolidate memories differs during developmental periods. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying consolidation are poorly understood, the initial stages rely on interacting signaling pathways that regulate gene expression, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) dependent feedback loops. We investigated the ways in which these pathways may contribute to developmental and dynamical features of consolidation. A computational model of molecular processes underlying consolidation following inhibitory avoidance (IA) training in rats was developed. Differential equations described the actions of CaMKIIα, multiple feedback loops regulating BDNF expression, and several transcription factors including methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), and SIN3 transcription regulator family member A (Sin3a). This model provides novel explanations for the (apparent) rapid forgetting of infantile memory and the temporal progression of memory consolidation in adults. Simulations predict that dual effects of MeCP2 on the expression of bdnf, and interaction between MeCP2 and CaMKIIα, play critical roles in the rapid forgetting of infantile memory and the progress of memory resistance to disruptions. These insights suggest new potential targets of therapy for memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory; The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Smolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory; The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristina M. Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Baxter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory; The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John H. Byrne
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; W.M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory; The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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19
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Bryant KG, Singh B, Barker JM. Reinforcement History Dependent Effects of Low Dose Ethanol on Reward Motivation in Male and Female Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:875890. [PMID: 35481242 PMCID: PMC9036521 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.875890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are more prevalent in men than in women, though AUD diagnoses in women are growing rapidly, making an understanding of sex differences in alcohol-related behaviors increasingly important. The development of AUDs involves the transition from casual, low levels of alcohol drinking to higher, maladaptive levels. The ability of low dose alcohol to drive reward and drug seeking may differ in males and females, and this could underlie differences in susceptibility to AUD. In this study we sought to determine whether a history of chronic, low dose ethanol exposure (0.5 g/kg; i.p.) could drive sucrose reward seeking and motivation, and whether this differed between male and female mice. Adult mice were trained to lever press for a liquid sucrose reward on two reinforcement schedules: a random interval (RI) schedule and a variable ratio (VR) schedule. After training, mice were tested on each of these levers for reward motivation using a progressive ratio test. We found that a history of low dose ethanol exposure increased sucrose reward motivation in male mice, but only on the RI lever and only when exposure occurred proximal to learning. Female mice were more motivated for sucrose on the RI lever than the VR lever regardless of ethanol exposure condition. These findings indicate that training on different reinforcement schedules affects reward motivation. Further, we show that males are more susceptible to the effects of low dose ethanol on sucrose reward motivation than females. These data broaden our understanding of sex differences in reward seeking as a result of ethanol exposure.
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20
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Huang S, Zhou Y, Wu F, Shi C, Yan H, Chen L, Yang C, Luo Y. Berberine Facilitates Extinction and Prevents the Return of Fear. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:748995. [PMID: 35185532 PMCID: PMC8851465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a catastrophic event or intense stimulation can trigger fear memories, and the threatening memories persist even over a lifetime. Exposure therapy is based on extinction learning and is widely used to treat fear-related disorders, but its effect on remote fear memory is modest. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptis chinensis or Berberis spp., has been recently reported to exert a diversity of pharmacological effects on the central nervous system, such as facilitating extinction of drug memory. Here, we explored the effect of berberine on extinction of fear memory using a classical contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm, which is Pavlovian conditioning, can rapidly create fear memories related to contexts. Twenty-four hours or 30 days after CFC training, mice were subjected to context extinction (10 days) to extinguish their behaviors and treated with 12.5 or 25 mg/kg berberine intragastrically 1 or 6 h after each extinction session, followed by reinstatement and spontaneous recovery tests. The results showed that intragastric administration of 25 mg/kg berberine 1 h after extinction significantly promoted the extinction of recent and remote fear memories and prevented reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of extinguished fear in mice. These findings indicate that berberine combined with extinction training could serve as a promising novel avenue for the treatment of fear-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Feilong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cuijie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangpei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- China Hunan Province People’s Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsh, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- China Hunan Province People’s Hospital, The First-affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsh, China
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21
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Shrestha P, Klann E. Spatiotemporally resolved protein synthesis as a molecular framework for memory consolidation. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:297-311. [PMID: 35184897 PMCID: PMC8930706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
De novo protein synthesis is required for long-term memory consolidation. Dynamic regulation of protein synthesis occurs via a complex interplay of translation factors and modulators. Many components of the protein synthesis machinery have been targeted either pharmacologically or genetically to establish its requirement for memory. The combination of ligand/light-gating and genetic strategies, that is, chemogenetics and optogenetics, has begun to reveal the spatiotemporal resolution of protein synthesis in specific cell types during memory consolidation. This review summarizes current knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic neural substrates for protein synthesis in memory consolidation. In addition, we highlight future directions for determining the localization and timing of de novo protein synthesis for memory consolidation with tools that permit unprecedented spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Shrestha
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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22
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Schaan Fernandes H, Popik B, de Oliveira Alvares L. Effects of hippocampal IP 3R inhibition on contextual fear memory consolidation, retrieval, reconsolidation and extinction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 188:107587. [PMID: 35051621 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium stores (ICS) play a dynamic role in neuronal calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis both by buffering Ca2+ excess in the cytoplasm or providing an additional source of Ca2+ when concentration increase is needed. However, in spite of the large body of evidence showing Ca2+ as an essential second messenger in many signaling cascades underlying synaptic plasticity, the direct involvement of the intracellular Ca2+-release channels (ICRCs) in memory processing has been highly overlooked. Here we investigated the role of the ICRC inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) activity during different memory phases using pharmacological inhibition in the dorsal hippocampus during contextual fear conditioning. We first found that post-training administration of the IP3R antagonist 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) impaired memory consolidation in a dose and time-dependent manner. Inhibiting IP3Rs also disrupted memory retrieval. Contextual fear memory reconsolidation or extinction, however, were not sensitive to IP3R blockade. Taken together, our results indicate that hippocampal IP3Rs play an important role in contextual fear memory consolidation and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Schaan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91,501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90,046-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Popik
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91,501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90,046-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Memória, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91,501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90,046-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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23
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Hippocampal neurons' cytosolic and membrane-bound ribosomal transcript profiles are differentially regulated by learning and subsequent sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108534118. [PMID: 34819370 PMCID: PMC8640746 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108534118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To understand the cellular basis for this effect, we quantified RNAs associated with translating ribosomes in cytosol and on cellular membranes of different hippocampal neuron populations. Our analysis suggests that while sleep loss (but not learning) alters numerous ribosomal transcripts in cytosol, learning has dramatic effects on transcript profiles for less–well-characterized membrane-bound ribosomes. We demonstrate that postlearning sleep deprivation occludes already minimal learning-driven changes on cytosolic ribosomes. It simultaneously alters transcripts associated with metabolic and biosynthetic processes in membrane-bound ribosomes in excitatory hippocampal neurons and highly active, putative “engram” neurons, respectively. Together, these findings provide insights into the cellular mechanisms altered by learning and their disruption by subsequent sleep loss. The hippocampus is essential for consolidating transient experiences into long-lasting memories. Memory consolidation is facilitated by postlearning sleep, although the underlying cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We took an unbiased approach to this question by using a mouse model of hippocampally mediated, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (contextual fear memory). Because synaptic plasticity is associated with changes to both neuronal cell membranes (e.g., receptors) and cytosol (e.g., cytoskeletal elements), we characterized how these cell compartments are affected by learning and subsequent sleep or sleep deprivation (SD). Translating ribosome affinity purification was used to profile ribosome-associated RNAs in different subcellular compartments (cytosol and membrane) and in different cell populations (whole hippocampus, Camk2a+ neurons, or highly active neurons with phosphorylated ribosomal subunit S6 [pS6+]). We examined how transcript profiles change as a function of sleep versus SD and prior learning (contextual fear conditioning; CFC). While sleep loss altered many cytosolic ribosomal transcripts, CFC altered almost none, and CFC-driven changes were occluded by subsequent SD. In striking contrast, SD altered few transcripts on membrane-bound (MB) ribosomes, while learning altered many more (including long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs]). The cellular pathways most affected by CFC were involved in structural remodeling. Comparisons of post-CFC MB transcript profiles between sleeping and SD mice implicated changes in cellular metabolism in Camk2a+ neurons and protein synthesis in highly active pS6+ (putative “engram”) neurons as biological processes disrupted by SD. These findings provide insights into how learning affects hippocampal neurons and suggest that the effects of SD on memory consolidation are cell type and subcellular compartment specific.
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24
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Trask S, Ferrara NC, Jasnow AM, Kwapis JL. Contributions of the rodent cingulate-retrosplenial cortical axis to associative learning and memory: A proposed circuit for persistent memory maintenance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:178-184. [PMID: 34450181 PMCID: PMC8511298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While the anterior cingulate (ACC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices have been extensively studied for their role in spatial navigation, less is known about how they contribute to associative learning and later memory recall. The limited work that has been conducted on this topic suggests that each of these cortical regions makes distinct, but similar contributions to associative learning and memory. Here, we review evidence from the rodent literature demonstrating that while ACC activity seems to be necessary at remote time points associated with imprecise or generalized memories, the role of the RSC seems to be uniform over time. Together, the lines of evidence reviewed here suggest that the ACC and RSC likely function together to support memory formation and maintenance following associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Nicole C Ferrara
- Department of Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, United States
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States.
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25
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Delorme J, Wang L, Kuhn FR, Kodoth V, Ma J, Martinez JD, Raven F, Toth BA, Balendran V, Vega Medina A, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Sleep loss drives acetylcholine- and somatostatin interneuron-mediated gating of hippocampal activity to inhibit memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019318118. [PMID: 34344824 PMCID: PMC8364159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019318118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To characterize effects of learning and sleep loss, we quantified activity-dependent phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (pS6) across the dorsal hippocampus of mice. We find that pS6 is enhanced in dentate gyrus (DG) following single-trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC) but is reduced throughout the hippocampus after brief sleep deprivation (SD; which disrupts contextual fear memory [CFM] consolidation). To characterize neuronal populations affected by SD, we used translating ribosome affinity purification sequencing to identify cell type-specific transcripts on pS6 ribosomes (pS6-TRAP). Cell type-specific enrichment analysis revealed that SD selectively activated hippocampal somatostatin-expressing (Sst+) interneurons and cholinergic and orexinergic hippocampal inputs. To understand the functional consequences of SD-elevated Sst+ interneuron activity, we used pharmacogenetics to activate or inhibit hippocampal Sst+ interneurons or cholinergic input from the medial septum. The activation of either cell population was sufficient to disrupt sleep-dependent CFM consolidation by gating activity in granule cells. The inhibition of either cell population during sleep promoted CFM consolidation and increased S6 phosphorylation among DG granule cells, suggesting their disinhibition by these manipulations. The inhibition of either population across post-CFC SD was insufficient to fully rescue CFM deficits, suggesting that additional features of sleeping brain activity are required for consolidation. Together, our data suggest that state-dependent gating of DG activity may be mediated by cholinergic input and local Sst+ interneurons. This mechanism could act as a sleep loss-driven inhibitory gate on hippocampal information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Delorme
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Femke Roig Kuhn
- Program in Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Varna Kodoth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Jingqun Ma
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Frank Raven
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Brandon A Toth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Vinodh Balendran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Alexis Vega Medina
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019;
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Gindina S, Botsford B, Cowansage K, LeDoux J, Klann E, Hoeffer C, Ostroff L. Upregulation of eIF4E, but not other translation initiation factors, in dendritic spines during memory formation. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3112-3126. [PMID: 33864263 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Local translation can provide a rapid, spatially targeted supply of new proteins in distal dendrites to support synaptic changes that underlie learning. Learning and memory are especially sensitive to manipulations of translational control mechanisms, particularly those that target the initiation step, and translation initiation at synapses could be a means of maintaining synapse specificity during plasticity. Initiation predominantly occurs via recruitment of ribosomes to the 5' mRNA cap by complexes of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), and the interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G1 is a particularly important target of translational control pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of eIF4E-eIF4G1 binding impairs formation of memory for aversive Pavlovian conditioning as well as the accompanying increase in polyribosomes in the heads of dendritic spines in the lateral amygdala (LA). This is consistent with a role for initiation at synapses in memory formation, but whether eIFs are even present near synapses is unknown. To determine whether dendritic spines contain eIFs and whether eIF distribution is affected by learning, we combined immunolabeling with serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM) volume reconstructions of LA dendrites after Pavlovian conditioning. Labeling for eIF4E, eIF4G1, and eIF2α-another key target of regulation-occurred in roughly half of dendritic spines, but learning effects were only found for eIF4E, which was upregulated in the heads of dendritic spines. Our results support the possibility of regulated translation initiation as a means of synapse-specific protein targeting during learning and are consistent with the model of eIF4E availability as a central point of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Gindina
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Botsford
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kiriana Cowansage
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph LeDoux
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Hoeffer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Linnaea Ostroff
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Elsey JWB, Bekker TA, De Bree AM, Kindt M. Encoding or consolidation? The effects of pre- and post-learning propranolol on the impact of an emotional scene. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2020; 67:101480. [PMID: 31122650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Researchers have conceived of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a disorder of memory, and proposed that blocking the impact of stress-related noradrenaline release in the aftermath of trauma may be a way of preventing the 'over-consolidation' of trauma-related memories. Experimental research in humans has been limited by typically focusing on declarative memory for emotional stories, and has mainly given propranolol before learning. In contrast, the clinical studies that we comprehensively review are hampered by practical challenges, such as reliably administering propranolol in a time window sufficiently close to the traumatic event. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of both pre- and post-learning propranolol on emotional and declarative memory for an emotional scene, using the 'trauma film paradigm'. METHODS To control for drug and timing effects, participants received a pill (40 mg propranolol or placebo) both 60 min before and within 5 min after viewing a 12 min, emotionally arousing trauma film, and were assigned to one of the three conditions: propranolol-placebo (n = 25), placebo-propranolol (n = 25), or placebo-placebo (n = 25). We assessed participants' immediate emotional responses to the scene, as well as delayed impact (intrusions, Impact of Events Scale) and declarative memory. RESULTS Using Bayesian informative hypothesis testing, we found that pre-learning propranolol reduced the initial emotional impact of the 'trauma film'. However, we did not find strong evidence for an impact of pre- or post-learning propranolol on later consequences of having watched the emotional film (intrusions, Impact of Events, or tests of declarative memory). Exploratorily restricting analyses to women, we did find evidence suggesting that pre-encoding propranolol could reduce the rate of intrusions and self-reported negative impact of the emotional scene one week later. LIMITATIONS Floor effects in the delayed impact of the emotional scene could preclude observing differences as a function of propranolol, and propranolol dosage may need to be increased. CONCLUSIONS An impact of propranolol on encoding could raise difficulties in interpretation when only pre-encoding propranolol is used to make inferences about consolidation. We discuss the challenges of elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of propranolol's reported effects on memory.
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Park H, Kaang BK. Balanced actions of protein synthesis and degradation in memory formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:299-306. [PMID: 31416903 PMCID: PMC6699412 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048785.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Storage of long-term memory requires not only protein synthesis but also protein degradation. In this article, we overview recent publications related to this issue, stressing that the balanced actions of protein synthesis and degradation are critical for long-term memory formation. We particularly focused on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling that leads to protein synthesis; proteasome- and autophagy-dependent protein degradation that removes molecular constraints; the role of Fragile X mental retardation protein in translational suppression; and epigenetic modifications that control gene expression at the genomic level. Numerous studies suggest that an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation leads to intellectual impairment and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Park
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Gley K, Murani E, Haack F, Trakooljul N, Zebunke M, Puppe B, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Haplotypes of coping behavior associated QTL regions reveal distinct transcript profiles in amygdala and hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112038. [PMID: 31202863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stress response and coping behavior in pigs are largely shaped by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adrenomedullary system action. However, the dynamic interaction between amygdala and hippocampus crucially modulates the behavioral response towards significant emotional events. While this functional relationship is well documented, the molecular underpinnings still remain insufficiently understood. Our study used transcriptome profiling of porcine amygdala and hippocampus to identify molecular pathways that are differentially activated depending on the haplotype of a significantly coping behavior-associated region on pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The pigs were classified into two groups based on the haplotype information of this QTL-region discovered in our previous genome-wide association study. Ten each of high- (HR) and low- (LR) reactive pigs (n = 20) were selected for differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression analysis with subsequent pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes identified in the amygdala include SELL, CXCR7 and NTS, while TRAF3, PTGS2 and CFI were detected in the hippocampus indicating a role of neuroinflammation and immunological processes. Pathway analysis revealed IL-8 signaling, NF-κB signaling, glutamate and GABA metabolism, glucocorticoid receptor signaling and chemokine signaling in the amygdala and ephrin receptor signaling, as well as NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus. We discovered candidate genes in regions detected by genome-wide association study including ARRB2, ADRBK2, THRB, NEK7 and ACVR2B, which relate to dopaminergic and other monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, neuroimmunomodulation, neuroinflammation and GABA-ergic neurotransmission. These findings provide insights into the molecular underpinning of divergent coping behavior and associated haplotypes in limbic forebrain system in pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Gley
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fiete Haack
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Zebunke
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Birger Puppe
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute of Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Wong FS, Westbrook RF, Holmes NM. 'Online' integration of sensory and fear memories in the rat medial temporal lobe. eLife 2019; 8:e47085. [PMID: 31180324 PMCID: PMC6592679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
How does a stimulus never associated with danger become frightening? The present study addressed this question using a sensory preconditioning task with rats. In this task, rats integrate a sound-light memory formed in stage 1 with a light-danger memory formed in stage 2, as they show fear when tested with the sound in stage 3. Here we show that this integration occurs 'online' during stage 2: when activity in the region that consolidated the sound-light memory (perirhinal cortex) was inhibited during formation of the light-danger memory, rats no longer showed fear when tested with the sound but continued to fear the light. Thus, fear that accrues to a stimulus paired with danger simultaneously spreads to its past associates, thereby roping those associates into a fear memory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca S Wong
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - R Fred Westbrook
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Nathan M Holmes
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
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31
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Sheppard PAS, Choleris E, Galea LAM. Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents. Mol Brain 2019; 12:22. [PMID: 30885239 PMCID: PMC6423800 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. In this review, we discuss current research exploring the effects of estrogens on dendritic spine plasticity and neurogenesis with a focus on the modulating factors of sex, age, and pregnancy. Hormone levels, including those of estrogens, fluctuate widely across the lifespan from early life to puberty, through adulthood and into old age, as well as with pregnancy and parturition. Dendritic spine formation and modulation are altered both by rapid (likely non-genomic) and classical (genomic) actions of estrogens and have been suggested to play a role in the effects of estrogens on learning and memory. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is influenced by age, the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and parity in female rodents. Furthermore, sex differences exist in hippocampal cellular and molecular responses to estrogens and are briefly discussed throughout. Understanding how structural plasticity in the hippocampus is affected by estrogens and how these effects can influence function and be influenced by other factors, such as experience and sex, is critical and can inform future treatments in conditions involving the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. S. Sheppard
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Liisa A. M. Galea
- Department of Psychology, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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Histone acetylation determines transcription of atypical protein kinases in rat neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4332. [PMID: 30867503 PMCID: PMC6416243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that memory consolidation requires de-novo transcription of memory-related genes. Epigenetic modifications, particularly histone acetylation, may facilitate gene transcription, but their potential molecular targets are poorly characterized. In the current study, we addressed the question of epigenetic control of atypical protein kinases (aPKC) that are critically involved in memory consolidation and maintenance. We examined the patterns of expression of two aPKC genes (Prkci and Prkcz) in rat cultured cortical neurons treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Histone hyperacetylation in the promoter region of Prkci gene elicited direct activation of transcriptional machinery, resulting in increased production of PKCλ mRNA. In parallel, histone hyperacetylation in the upstream promoter of Prkcz gene led to appearance of the corresponding PKCζ transcripts that are almost absent in the brain in resting conditions. In contrast, histone hyperacetylation in the downstream promoter of Prkcz gene was accompanied by a decreased expression of the brain-specific PKMζ products. We showed that epigenetically-triggered differential expression of PKMζ and PKCζ mRNA depended on protein synthesis. Summarizing, our results suggest that genes, encoding memory-related aPKC, may represent the molecular targets for epigenetic regulation through posttranslational histone modifications.
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Li H, Yu F, Sun X, Xu L, Miu J, Xiao P. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates memory impairment induced by acute sleep deprivation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:220-228. [PMID: 30876981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid ingredient extracted from the leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz) W.T. Wang displays multiple pharmacological activities, including oxidation resistance, anti-tumour properties and free radical scavenging capacities. However, the role of DHM in sleep deprivation (SD)-induced memory impairments and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DHM on oxidative stress and its role in ameliorating memory impairment induced by acute SD. DHM (100, 50, 25 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) were administered to mice via oral gavage. The open field test was used to evaluate motor function. Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze task. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione disulfide levels, as well as superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, were assessed to determine the level of oxidative stress. In addition, we employed quantitative real-time PCR assays to examine the gene expression of 29 key proteins, including protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and adcy1. The levels of proteins including those of GABABRS, GABAARα5, GluR1, BDNF and PSD95, were detected by western blotting. The results showed that DHM significantly attenuated SD-induced spatial learning and memory impairments (P < 0.01). The possible underlying mechanisms of DHM may be attributed to its ability to reduce oxidative stress and restore synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianhua Miu
- Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Nanning, 189 Changgang Road, Nanning 520023, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kim P, Oster H, Lehnert H, Schmid SM, Salamat N, Barclay JL, Maronde E, Inder W, Rawashdeh O. Coupling the Circadian Clock to Homeostasis: The Role of Period in Timing Physiology. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:66-95. [PMID: 30169559 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of physiological processes show stable and synchronized daily oscillations that are either driven or modulated by biological clocks. A circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the ventral hypothalamus coordinates 24-hour oscillations of central and peripheral physiology with the environment. The circadian clockwork involved in driving rhythmic physiology is composed of various clock genes that are interlocked via a complex feedback loop to generate precise yet plastic oscillations of ∼24 hours. This review focuses on the specific role of the core clockwork gene Period1 and its paralogs on intra-oscillator and extra-oscillator functions, including, but not limited to, hippocampus-dependent processes, cardiovascular function, appetite control, as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. Alterations in Period gene function have been implicated in a wide range of physical and mental disorders. At the same time, a variety of conditions including metabolic disorders also impact clock gene expression, resulting in circadian disruptions, which in turn often exacerbates the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureum Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Salamat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik Maronde
- Department of Anatomy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Warrick Inder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Seibt J, Frank MG. Primed to Sleep: The Dynamics of Synaptic Plasticity Across Brain States. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30774586 PMCID: PMC6367653 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that brain plasticity occurs in wakefulness and sleep. However, how these different brain states work in concert to create long-lasting changes in brain circuitry is unclear. Considering that wakefulness and sleep are profoundly different brain states on multiple levels (e.g., cellular, molecular and network activation), it is unlikely that they operate exactly the same way. Rather it is probable that they engage different, but coordinated, mechanisms. In this article we discuss how plasticity may be divided across the sleep-wake cycle, and how synaptic changes in each brain state are linked. Our working model proposes that waking experience triggers short-lived synaptic events that are necessary for transient plastic changes and mark (i.e., 'prime') circuits and synapses for further processing in sleep. During sleep, synaptic protein synthesis at primed synapses leads to structural changes necessary for long-term information storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Seibt
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Spokane, Spokane, WA, United States
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36
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Gisquet-Verrier P, Riccio DC. Memory Integration as a Challenge to the Consolidation/Reconsolidation Hypothesis: Similarities, Differences and Perspectives. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 12:71. [PMID: 30687031 PMCID: PMC6337075 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently proposed that retrograde amnesia does not result from a disruption of the consolidation/reconsolidation processes but rather to the integration of the internal state induced by the amnesic treatment within the initial memory. Accordingly, the performance disruption induced by an amnesic agent does not result from a disruption of the memory fixation process, but from a difference in the internal state present during the learning phase (or reactivation) and at the later retention test: a case of state-dependency. In the present article, we will review similarities and differences these two competing views may have on memory processing. We will also consider the consequences the integration concept may have on the way memory is built, maintained and retrieved, as well as future research perspectives that such a new view may generate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Gisquet-Verrier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - David C Riccio
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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Pereira LM, de Castro CM, Guerra LTL, Queiroz TM, Marques JT, Pereira GS. Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Modulation of Contextual Fear Memory Is Dissociated by Inhibiting De Novo Transcription During Late Consolidation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5507-5519. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Sykes L, Clifton NE, Hall J, Thomas KL. Regulation of the Expression of the Psychiatric Risk Gene Cacna1c during Associative Learning. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:149-157. [PMID: 30643788 PMCID: PMC6323400 DOI: 10.1159/000493917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CACNA1C encodes the Cav1.2 L-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Generic variation in CACNA1C has been consistently identified as associated with risk for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism. Psychiatric risk loci are also enriched for genes involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that the expression of Cacna1c is regulated in the rat hippocampus after context exposure, contextual fear conditioning and fear memory retrieval in a manner that correlates to specific memory processes. Using quantitative in situ hybridisation, the expression was down-regulated in CA1 by brief exposure to a novel context and to a conditioned context, and up-regulated in the dentate gyrus after contextual fear conditioning. No changes were measured after prolonged context exposure followed by conditioning, a procedure that retards fear conditioning (latent inhibition), nor with fear memory recall leading to extinction. These results are consistent with a selective role for Cav1.2 in the consolidation of context memory and contextual fear memory, and with processes associated with the maintenance of the fear memory after recall. The dysregulation of CACNA1C may thus be related to associative memory dysfunction in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Sykes
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas E. Clifton
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kerrie L. Thomas
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Osorio-Gómez D, Saldivar-Mares KS, Perera-López A, McGaugh JL, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Early memory consolidation window enables drug induced state-dependent memory. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:84-94. [PMID: 30485798 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that newly acquired information is stabilized over time by processes underlying memory consolidation, these events can be impaired by many drug treatments administered shortly after learning. The consolidation hypothesis has been challenged by a memory integration hypothesis, which suggests that the processes underlying new memories are vulnerable to incorporation of the neurobiological alterations induced by amnesic drugs generating a state-dependent memory. The present experiments investigated the effects of amnesic drugs infused into the insular cortex of male Wistar rats on memory for object recognition training. The findings provide evidence that infusions of several amnesic agents including a protein synthesis inhibitor, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, or an NMDA receptor antagonist administered both after a specific period of time and before retrieval induce state-dependent recognition memory. Additionally, when amnesic drugs were infused outside the early consolidation window, there was amnesia, but the amnesia was not state-dependent. Data suggest that amnesic agents can induce state-dependent memory when administered during the early consolidation window and only if the duration of the drug effect is long enough to become integrated to the memory trace. In consequence, there are boundary conditions in order to induce state-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osorio-Gómez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Karina S Saldivar-Mares
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aldo Perera-López
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James L McGaugh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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40
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McKenna JT, Gamble MC, Anderson‐Chernishof MB, Shah SR, McCoy JG, Strecker RE. A rodent cage change insomnia model disrupts memory consolidation. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12792. [PMID: 30461100 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. McKenna
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc. Jamaica Plain Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School West Roxbury Massachusetts
| | - Mackenzie C. Gamble
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc. Jamaica Plain Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Massachusetts
| | - Marissa B. Anderson‐Chernishof
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc. Jamaica Plain Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School West Roxbury Massachusetts
| | - Sunny R. Shah
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc. Jamaica Plain Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Massachusetts
| | - John G. McCoy
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc. Jamaica Plain Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Massachusetts
- Stonehill College Easton Massachusetts
| | - Robert E. Strecker
- Boston VA Research Institute, Inc. Jamaica Plain Massachusetts
- VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School West Roxbury Massachusetts
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41
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Nguyen PV, Gelinas JN. Noradrenergic gating of long-lasting synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus: from neurobiology to translational biomedicine. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:171-182. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1497630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Alberta School of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Genomic Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY,USA
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42
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Abstract
De novo protein synthesis is critical for memory formation. We found that protein synthesis during acquisition is transiently required for contextual memory formation. We identified one candidate gene, Nrgn (encoding protein neurogranin, Ng) with enhanced translation upon novel-context exposure, and found that experience-dependent translation of Ng in the hippocampus is required for contextual memory formation. Furthermore, fragile-X mental retardation protein interacts with the 3′UTR of the Nrgn mRNA, which is required for activity-dependent translation of Ng in the synaptic compartment and contextual memory formation. Together, these results indicate that experience-dependent and acute translation of Ng in the hippocampus during memory acquisition enables durable context memory encoding. Experience induces de novo protein synthesis in the brain and protein synthesis is required for long-term memory. It is important to define the critical temporal window of protein synthesis and identify newly synthesized proteins required for memory formation. Using a behavioral paradigm that temporally separates the contextual exposure from the association with fear, we found that protein synthesis during the transient window of context exposure is required for contextual memory formation. Among an array of putative activity-dependent translational neuronal targets tested, we identified one candidate, a schizophrenia-associated candidate mRNA, neurogranin (Ng, encoded by the Nrgn gene) responding to novel-context exposure. The Ng mRNA was recruited to the actively translating mRNA pool upon novel-context exposure, and its protein levels were rapidly increased in the hippocampus. By specifically blocking activity-dependent translation of Ng using virus-mediated molecular perturbation, we show that experience-dependent translation of Ng in the hippocampus is required for contextual memory formation. We further interrogated the molecular mechanism underlying the experience-dependent translation of Ng, and found that fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP) interacts with the 3′UTR of the Nrgn mRNA and is required for activity-dependent translation of Ng in the synaptic compartment and contextual memory formation. Our results reveal that FMRP-mediated, experience-dependent, rapid enhancement of Ng translation in the hippocampus during the memory acquisition enables durable context memory encoding.
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43
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Helfer P, Shultz TR. Coupled feedback loops maintain synaptic long-term potentiation: A computational model of PKMzeta synthesis and AMPA receptor trafficking. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006147. [PMID: 29813048 PMCID: PMC5993340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In long-term potentiation (LTP), one of the most studied types of neural plasticity, synaptic strength is persistently increased in response to stimulation. Although a number of different proteins have been implicated in the sub-cellular molecular processes underlying induction and maintenance of LTP, the precise mechanisms remain unknown. A particular challenge is to demonstrate that a proposed molecular mechanism can provide the level of stability needed to maintain memories for months or longer, in spite of the fact that many of the participating molecules have much shorter life spans. Here we present a computational model that combines simulations of several biochemical reactions that have been suggested in the LTP literature and show that the resulting system does exhibit the required stability. At the core of the model are two interlinked feedback loops of molecular reactions, one involving the atypical protein kinase PKMζ and its messenger RNA, the other involving PKMζ and GluA2-containing AMPA receptors. We demonstrate that robust bistability-stable equilibria both in the synapse's potentiated and unpotentiated states-can arise from a set of simple molecular reactions. The model is able to account for a wide range of empirical results, including induction and maintenance of late-phase LTP, cellular memory reconsolidation and the effects of different pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Helfer
- Department of Psychology and Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas R. Shultz
- Department of Psychology and School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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44
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Cho J, Sypniewski KA, Arai S, Yamada K, Ogawa S, Pavlides C. Fear memory consolidation in sleep requires protein kinase A. Learn Mem 2018; 25:241-246. [PMID: 29661836 PMCID: PMC5903399 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046458.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that protein kinase A (PKA) is involved in hippocampal dependent memory consolidation. Sleep is also known to play an important role in this process. However, whether sleep-dependent memory consolidation involves PKA activation has not been clearly determined. Using behavioral observation, animals were categorized into sleep and awake groups. We show that intrahippocampal injections of the PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMPs in post-contextual fear conditioning sleep produced a suppression of long-term fear memory, while injections of Rp-cAMPs during an awake state, at a similar time point, had no effect. In contrast, injections of the PKA activator Sp-cAMPs in awake state, rescued sleep deprivation-induced memory impairments. These results suggest that following learning, PKA activation specifically in sleep is required for the consolidation of long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Cho
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Shoko Arai
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Sonoko Ogawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Constantine Pavlides
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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45
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Frolinger T, Smith C, Cobo CF, Sims S, Brathwaite J, de Boer S, Huang J, Pasinetti GM. Dietary polyphenols promote resilience against sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment by activating protein translation. FASEB J 2018; 32:5390-5404. [PMID: 29702026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800030r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence has suggested that dietary supplementation with a bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP) rescues impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory in a mouse model of sleep deprivation (SD). In the current study, we extend our previous evidence and demonstrate that a mechanism by which dietary BDPP protects against SD-mediated cognitive impairment is via mechanisms that involve phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and its direct downstream targets, including the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (p70S6K). In additional mechanistic studies in vitro, we identified the brain bioavailable phenolic metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary BDPP that are responsible for the attenuation of SD-mediated memory impairments. On the basis of high-throughput bioavailability studies of brain bioavailable metabolites after dietary BDPP treatment, we found that select polyphenol metabolites [ e.g., cyanidin-3'- O-glucoside and 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid] were able to rescue mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation in primary cortico-hippocampal neuronal cultures, as well as rescue 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in response to treatment with 4EGI-1, a specific inhibitor of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role for dietary polyphenols in the rescue of SD-mediated memory impairments via mechanisms involving the promotion of protein translation.-Frolinger, T., Smith, C., Cobo, C. F., Sims, S., Brathwaite, J., de Boer, S., Huang, J., Pasinetti, G. M. Dietary polyphenols promote resilience against sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment by activating protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Frolinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chad Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Freire Cobo
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Sims
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Brathwaite
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sterre de Boer
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,VUMC School of Medical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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46
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Redondo J, Fernandez-Rey J, Gonzalez-Gonzalez D. Is it possible to modify fear memories in humans with extinction training within a single day? PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 83:1340-1348. [PMID: 29671052 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Extinction procedures have been used widely in the study of fear memories, and different positions have been adopted regarding the efficacy of such procedures and the mechanisms involved. It has been argued that extinction may interfere with the consolidation of the fear memory if the procedure is applied with the appropriate timing after acquisition. However, the opposite position is also held, that is, that the extinction does not achieve an elimination of the fear response. The aim of the present study is to test the short-term effects of immediate extinction in fear reduction when this extinction is preceded by a retrieval trial. For this, a procedure similar to that employed by Schiller et al. (Nature 463(7277): 49-53, 2010) was used, but in a single day and with white noise as an aversive unconditioned stimulus. The results indicate that a CS+ single retrieval trial before the extinction procedure after acquisition was more effective in fear reduction than standard immediate extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Redondo
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela,, Santiago, Spain.
| | - Jose Fernandez-Rey
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela,, Santiago, Spain
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela,, Santiago, Spain
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47
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Coelho LS, Correa-Netto NF, Masukawa MY, Lima AC, Maluf S, Linardi A, Santos-Junior JG. Inhaled Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhibits consolidation of contextual- but not tone-fear conditioning in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:34-41. [PMID: 29288824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the current treatment for anxiety is effective, it promotes a number of adverse reactions and medical interactions. Inhaled essential oils have a prominent action on the central nervous system, with minimal systemic effects, primarily because of reduced systemic bioavailability. The effects of drugs on the consolidation of fear conditioning reflects its clinical efficacy in preventing a vicious cycle of anticipatory anxiety leading to fearful cognition and anxiety symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on the consolidation of aversive memories and its influence on c-Fos expression. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a fear conditioning protocol. Immediately after the training session, the rats were exposed to vaporized water or essential oil (1%, 2.5% and 5% solutions) for 4h. The next day, the rats underwent contextual- or tone-fear tests and 90min after the test they were euthanized and their brains processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. In the contextual-fear test, essential oil at 2.5% and 5% (but not 1%) reduced the freezing response and its respective c-Fos expression in the ventral hippocampus and amygdala. In the tone-fear test, essential oil did not reduce the freezing response during tone presentation. However, rats that inhaled essential oil at 2.5% and 5% (but not 1%) showed decreased freezing in the three minutes after tone presentation, as well as reduced c-Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These results show that the inhalation of L. angustifolia essential oil inhibited the consolidation of contextual- but not tone-fear conditioning and had an anxiolytic effect in a conditioned animal model of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Segismundo Coelho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Yuriko Masukawa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariadiny Caetano Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samia Maluf
- Samia Maluf Aromatherapy Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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48
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Kindt M, Soeter M. Pharmacologically induced amnesia for learned fear is time and sleep dependent. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1316. [PMID: 29615619 PMCID: PMC5883008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery in animal research that fear memories may change upon retrieval has sparked a wave of interest into whether this phenomenon of reconsolidation also occurs in humans. The critical conditions under which memory reconsolidation can be observed and targeted in humans, however, remain elusive. Here we report that blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the brain, either before or after reactivation, effectively neutralizes the expression of fear memory. We show a specific time-window during which beta-adrenergic receptors are involved in the reconsolidation of fear memory. Finally, we observe intact fear memory expression 12 h after reactivation and amnesic drug intake when the retention test takes place during the same day as the intervention, but post-reactivation amnesia after a night of sleep (12 h or 24 h later). We conclude that memory reconsolidation is not simply time-dependent, but that sleep is a final and necessary link to fundamentally change the fear memory engram. Emotional memory can change when retrieved, yet the conditions under which this can occur are not fully described. Here, authors show that taking a pill of propranolol taken during a specific time window can change the expression of fear memory in a person, and that sleep is necessary to forget learned fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Kindt
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Soeter
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
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49
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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50
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Synaptic consolidation as a temporally variable process: Uncovering the parameters modulating its time-course. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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