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Sun J, Zhang Z, Xia B, Yao T, Ge F, Yan F. Overexpression of PIK3CG in Cancer Cells Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis Through Enhanced MMPs Expression and Neutrophil Recruitment and Activation. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10788-4. [PMID: 38602596 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of death in lung cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the role and mechanism of PI3K catalytic subunit gamma (PIK3CG, also known as p110γ) in lung cancer cell migration and metastasis. Knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of PIK3CG expression in lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 in vitro cultured was achieved. Two PIK3CG-specific inhibitors, Eganelisib and CAY10505, were used to treat A549 and H1299 cells. An experimental lung metastasis mouse model was constructed using tail vein injection of LLC cells. Finally, a co-culture system was established using Transwell chambers. Compared with the NC group, the number of cells that completed migration and the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were significantly reduced in the KD group and Eganelisib and CAY10505 treatment groups, while the number of cells that migrated successfully and the expression levels of MMPs were significantly increased in the OE group. Lung tissues of mice injected with PIK3CG-stabilized overexpressed LLC cells showed more pronounced lung cancer growth, lung metastatic nodules, neutrophil infiltration and MMPs expression. Co-culture with neutrophils, soluble extracts of neutrophils and cathepsin G all promoted the migration of lung cancer cells. PIK3CG overexpression in tumor cells significantly promoted the migration and metastasis of lung cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery Ward, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, No. 31 Yellow River West Road, Canal District, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhenshan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Binghui Xia
- Department of General Surgery Ward, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, No. 31 Yellow River West Road, Canal District, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Tianyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Fengyue Ge
- Department of Function Laboratory, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Fengmei Yan
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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Rautajoki KJ, Jaatinen S, Hartewig A, Tiihonen AM, Annala M, Salonen I, Valkonen M, Simola V, Vuorinen EM, Kivinen A, Rauhala MJ, Nurminen R, Maass KK, Lahtela SL, Jukkola A, Yli-Harja O, Helén P, Pajtler KW, Ruusuvuori P, Haapasalo J, Zhang W, Haapasalo H, Nykter M. Genomic characterization of IDH-mutant astrocytoma progression to grade 4 in the treatment setting. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:176. [PMID: 37932833 PMCID: PMC10629206 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the progression of low-grade diffuse astrocytomas into grade 4 tumors significantly impacts patient prognosis, a better understanding of this process is of paramount importance for improved patient care. In this project, we analyzed matched IDH-mutant astrocytomas before and after progression to grade 4 from six patients (discovery cohort) with genome-wide sequencing, 21 additional patients with targeted sequencing, and 33 patients from Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS cohort for validation. The Cancer Genome Atlas data from 595 diffuse gliomas provided supportive information. All patients in our discovery cohort received radiation, all but one underwent chemotherapy, and no patient received temozolomide (TMZ) before progression to grade 4 disease. One case in the discovery cohort exhibited a hypermutation signature associated with the inactivation of the MSH2 and DNMT3A genes. In other patients, the number of chromosomal rearrangements and deletions increased in grade 4 tumors. The cell cycle checkpoint gene CDKN2A, or less frequently RB1, was most commonly inactivated after receiving both chemo- and radiotherapy when compared to other treatment groups. Concomitant activating PDGFRA/MET alterations were detected in tumors that acquired a homozygous CDKN2A deletion. NRG3 gene was significantly downregulated and recurrently altered in progressed tumors. Its decreased expression was associated with poorer overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis. We also detected progression-related alterations in RAD51B and other DNA repair pathway genes associated with the promotion of error-prone DNA repair, potentially facilitating tumor progression. In our retrospective analysis of patient treatment and survival timelines (n = 75), the combination of postoperative radiation and chemotherapy (mainly TMZ) outperformed radiation, especially in the grade 3 tumor cohort, in which it was typically given after primary surgery. Our results provide further insight into the contribution of treatment and genetic alterations in cell cycle, growth factor signaling, and DNA repair-related genes to tumor evolution and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi J Rautajoki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Serafiina Jaatinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anja Hartewig
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aliisa M Tiihonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Annala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iida Salonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Masi Valkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vili Simola
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elisa M Vuorinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni Kivinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna J Rauhala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Nurminen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kendra K Maass
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sirpa-Liisa Lahtela
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pauli Helén
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pekka Ruusuvuori
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Haapasalo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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3
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Nurminen A, Jaatinen S, Taavitsainen S, Högnäs G, Lesluyes T, Ansari-Pour N, Tolonen T, Haase K, Koskenalho A, Kankainen M, Jasu J, Rauhala H, Kesäniemi J, Nikupaavola T, Kujala P, Rinta-Kiikka I, Riikonen J, Kaipia A, Murtola T, Tammela TL, Visakorpi T, Nykter M, Wedge DC, Van Loo P, Bova GS. Cancer origin tracing and timing in two high-risk prostate cancers using multisample whole genome analysis: prospects for personalized medicine. Genome Med 2023; 15:82. [PMID: 37828555 PMCID: PMC10571458 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PrCa) genomic heterogeneity causes resistance to therapies such as androgen deprivation. Such heterogeneity can be deciphered in the context of evolutionary principles, but current clinical trials do not include evolution as an essential feature. Whether or not analysis of genomic data in an evolutionary context in primary prostate cancer can provide unique added value in the research and clinical domains remains an open question. METHODS We used novel processing techniques to obtain whole genome data together with 3D anatomic and histomorphologic analysis in two men (GP5 and GP12) with high-risk PrCa undergoing radical prostatectomy. A total of 22 whole genome-sequenced sites (16 primary cancer foci and 6 lymph node metastatic) were analyzed using evolutionary reconstruction tools and spatio-evolutionary models. Probability models were used to trace spatial and chronological origins of the primary tumor and metastases, chart their genetic drivers, and distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic subclones. RESULTS In patient GP5, CDK12 inactivation was among the first mutations, leading to a PrCa tandem duplicator phenotype and initiating the cancer around age 50, followed by rapid cancer evolution after age 57, and metastasis around age 59, 5 years prior to prostatectomy. In patient GP12, accelerated cancer progression was detected after age 54, and metastasis occurred around age 56, 3 years prior to prostatectomy. Multiple metastasis-originating events were identified in each patient and tracked anatomically. Metastasis from prostate to lymph nodes occurred strictly ipsilaterally in all 12 detected events. In this pilot, metastatic subclone content analysis appears to substantially enhance the identification of key drivers. Evolutionary analysis' potential impact on therapy selection appears positive in these pilot cases. CONCLUSIONS PrCa evolutionary analysis allows tracking of anatomic site of origin, timing of cancer origin and spread, and distinction of metastatic-capable from non-metastatic subclones. This enables better identification of actionable targets for therapy. If extended to larger cohorts, it appears likely that similar analyses could add substantial biological insight and clinically relevant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Serafiina Jaatinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gunilla Högnäs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teemu Tolonen
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kerstin Haase
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antti Koskenalho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Kankainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Juho Jasu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Rauhala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenni Kesäniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiia Nikupaavola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Kujala
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Irina Rinta-Kiikka
- Imaging Centre, Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarno Riikonen
- Department of Urology, TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Kaipia
- Department of Urology, TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - David C Wedge
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - G Steven Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, PO Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
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4
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PTPRD and CNTNAP2 as markers of tumor aggressiveness in oligodendrogliomas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14083. [PMID: 35982066 PMCID: PMC9388569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas are typically associated with the most favorable prognosis among diffuse gliomas. However, many of the tumors progress, eventually leading to patient death. To characterize the changes associated with oligodendroglioma recurrence and progression, we analyzed two recurrent oligodendroglioma tumors upon diagnosis and after tumor relapse based on whole-genome and RNA sequencing. Relapsed tumors were diagnosed as glioblastomas with an oligodendroglioma component before the World Health Organization classification update in 2016. Both patients died within 12 months after relapse. One patient carried an inactivating POLE mutation leading to a clearly hypermutated progressed tumor. Strikingly, both relapsed tumors carried focal chromosomal rearrangements in PTPRD and CNTNAP2 genes with associated decreased gene expression. TP53 mutation was also detected in both patients after tumor relapse. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) diffuse glioma cohort, PTPRD and CNTNAP2 expression decreased by tumor grade in oligodendrogliomas and PTPRD expression also in IDH-mutant astrocytomas. Low expression of the genes was associated with poor overall survival. Our analysis provides information about aggressive oligodendrogliomas with worse prognosis and suggests that PTPRD and CNTNAP2 expression could represent an informative marker for their stratification.
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5
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Erickson A, He M, Berglund E, Marklund M, Mirzazadeh R, Schultz N, Kvastad L, Andersson A, Bergenstråhle L, Bergenstråhle J, Larsson L, Alonso Galicia L, Shamikh A, Basmaci E, Díaz De Ståhl T, Rajakumar T, Doultsinos D, Thrane K, Ji AL, Khavari PA, Tarish F, Tanoglidi A, Maaskola J, Colling R, Mirtti T, Hamdy FC, Woodcock DJ, Helleday T, Mills IG, Lamb AD, Lundeberg J. Spatially resolved clonal copy number alterations in benign and malignant tissue. Nature 2022; 608:360-367. [PMID: 35948708 PMCID: PMC9365699 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Defining the transition from benign to malignant tissue is fundamental to improving early diagnosis of cancer1. Here we use a systematic approach to study spatial genome integrity in situ and describe previously unidentified clonal relationships. We used spatially resolved transcriptomics2 to infer spatial copy number variations in >120,000 regions across multiple organs, in benign and malignant tissues. We demonstrate that genome-wide copy number variation reveals distinct clonal patterns within tumours and in nearby benign tissue using an organ-wide approach focused on the prostate. Our results suggest a model for how genomic instability arises in histologically benign tissue that may represent early events in cancer evolution. We highlight the power of capturing the molecular and spatial continuums in a tissue context and challenge the rationale for treatment paradigms, including focal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mengxiao He
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emelie Berglund
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maja Marklund
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Niklas Schultz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Linda Kvastad
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alma Andersson
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Bergenstråhle
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Joseph Bergenstråhle
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Larsson
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Leire Alonso Galicia
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alia Shamikh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Basmaci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresita Díaz De Ståhl
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy Rajakumar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kim Thrane
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Ji
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Firaz Tarish
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Tanoglidi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Uppsala Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Maaskola
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Richard Colling
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan J Woodcock
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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7
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Woodcock DJ, Riabchenko E, Taavitsainen S, Kankainen M, Gundem G, Brewer DS, Ellonen P, Lepistö M, Golubeva YA, Warner AC, Tolonen T, Jasu J, Isaacs WB, Emmert-Buck MR, Nykter M, Visakorpi T, Bova GS, Wedge DC. Prostate cancer evolution from multilineage primary to single lineage metastases with implications for liquid biopsy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5070. [PMID: 33033260 PMCID: PMC7545111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary progression from primary to metastatic prostate cancer is largely uncharted, and the implications for liquid biopsy are unexplored. We infer detailed reconstructions of tumor phylogenies in ten prostate cancer patients with fatal disease, and investigate them in conjunction with histopathology and tumor DNA extracted from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Substantial evolution occurs within the prostate, resulting in branching into multiple spatially intermixed lineages. One dominant lineage emerges that initiates and drives systemic metastasis, where polyclonal seeding between sites is common. Routes to metastasis differ between patients, and likely genetic drivers of metastasis distinguish the metastatic lineage from the lineage that remains confined to the prostate within each patient. Body fluids capture features of the dominant lineage, and subclonal expansions that occur in the metastatic phase are non-uniformly represented. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis reveals lineages not detected in blood-borne DNA, suggesting possible clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Woodcock
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - E Riabchenko
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland
| | - S Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland
| | - M Kankainen
- Medical and Clinical Genetics and Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Gundem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D S Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - P Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lepistö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y A Golubeva
- Cancer Genomic Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, FNLCR, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - A C Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - T Tolonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Jasu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland
| | - W B Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - M R Emmert-Buck
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Avoneaux Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland
| | - T Visakorpi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - G S Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI, 33014, Finland.
| | - D C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Chung WC, Zhou X, Atfi A, Xu K. PIK3CG Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Androgen Receptor-Indifferent Metastatic Prostate Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2194-2202. [PMID: 32805234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prostate epithelium consists of predominantly luminal cells that express androgen receptor and require androgens for growth. As a consequence, the depletion of testicular androgens in patients with prostate cancer results in tumor regression. However, it eventually leads to a castration-resistant disease that is highly metastatic. In this report, a mouse model of metastatic prostate cancer was generated through the deletion of the tumor-suppressor gene Trp53 in conjunction with oncogenic activation of the proto-oncogene Kras. These mice developed early-onset metastatic prostate cancer with complete penetrance. Tumors from these mice were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, characterized by extensive epithelial-mesenchymal transition. With no or a very low level of androgen receptor expression, the tumor cells were resistant to androgen receptor inhibition. Pik3cg, encoding phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit γ (Pi3kγ), was highly expressed in these tumors, and pharmacologic inhibition of Pi3kγ blocked tumor cell growth in vitro, reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and abated tumor metastasis in vivo. Immunohistochemistry analysis in human prostate cancer specimens showed that the expression of PIK3CG was significantly associated with advanced clinical stages. Taken together, these results suggest that PIK3CG plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer, and may represent a new therapeutic target in the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chung
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Keli Xu
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
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9
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Crippa A, De Laere B, Discacciati A, Larsson B, Connor JT, Gabriel EE, Thellenberg C, Jänes E, Enblad G, Ullen A, Hjälm-Eriksson M, Oldenburg J, Ost P, Lindberg J, Eklund M, Grönberg H. The ProBio trial: molecular biomarkers for advancing personalized treatment decision in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Trials 2020; 21:579. [PMID: 32586393 PMCID: PMC7318749 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple therapies exist for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, their improvement on progression-free survival (PFS) remains modest, potentially explained by tumor molecular heterogeneity. Several prognostic molecular biomarkers have been identified for mCRPC that may have predictive potential to guide treatment selection and prolong PFS. We designed a platform trial to test this hypothesis. METHODS The Prostate-Biomarker (ProBio) study is a multi-center, outcome-adaptive, multi-arm, biomarker-driven platform trial for tailoring treatment decisions for men with mCRPC. Treatment decisions in the experimental arms are based on biomarker signatures defined as mutations in certain genes/pathways suggested in the scientific literature to be important for treatment response in mCRPC. The biomarker signatures are determined by targeted sequencing of circulating tumor and germline DNA using a panel specifically designed for mCRPC. DISCUSSION Patients are stratified based on the sequencing results and randomized to either current clinical practice (control), where the treating physician decides treatment, or to molecularly driven treatment selection based on the biomarker profile. Outcome-adaptive randomization is implemented to early identify promising treatments for a biomarker signature. Biomarker signature-treatment combinations graduate from the platform when they demonstrate 85% probability of improving PFS compared to the control arm. Graduated combinations are further evaluated in a seamless confirmatory trial with fixed randomization. The platform design allows for new drugs and biomarkers to be introduced in the study. CONCLUSIONS The ProBio design allows promising treatment-biomarker combinations to quickly graduate from the platform and be confirmed for rapid implementation in clinical care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03903835. Date of registration: April 4, 2019. Status: Recruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Crippa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bram De Laere
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Discacciati
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason T Connor
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Confluence Stat LLC, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Erin E Gabriel
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Thellenberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Jänes
- Länssjukhuset Sundsvall Härnösand, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Ullen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Oldenburg
- Division of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Sztupinszki Z, Diossy M, Krzystanek M, Borcsok J, Pomerantz MM, Tisza V, Spisak S, Rusz O, Csabai I, Freedman ML, Szallasi Z. Detection of Molecular Signatures of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Prostate Cancer with or without BRCA1/2 Mutations. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2673-2680. [PMID: 32071115 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancers with mutations in genes involved in homologous recombination (HR), most commonly BRCA2, respond favorably to PARP inhibition and platinum-based chemotherapy. We investigated whether other prostate tumors that do not harbor deleterious mutations in these particular genes can similarly be deficient in HR, likely rendering those sensitive to HR-directed therapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) levels can be estimated using various mutational signatures derived from next-generation sequencing data. We used this approach on whole-genome sequencing (WGS; n = 311) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data (n = 498) of both primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinomas to determine whether prostate cancer cases display clear signs of HRD in somatic tumor biopsies. RESULTS Known BRCA-deficient samples showed all previously described HRD-associated mutational signatures in the WGS data. HRD-associated mutational signatures were also detected in a subset of patients who did not harbor germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1/2 or other HR-related genes. Similar results, albeit with lower sensitivity and accuracy, were also obtained from WES data. CONCLUSIONS These findings may expand the number of cases likely to respond to PARP inhibitor treatment. On the basis of the HR-associated mutational signatures, 5% to 8% of localized prostate cancer cases may be good candidates for PARP-inhibitor treatment (including those with BRCA1/2 mutations).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miklos Diossy
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Judit Borcsok
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark M Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Orsolya Rusz
- 2nd Department of Pathology, SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,2nd Department of Pathology, SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Wu J, Li X, Luo F, Yan J, Yang K. Screening key miRNAs and genes in prostate cancer by microarray analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:856-868. [PMID: 35117431 PMCID: PMC8799076 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.12.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men while the mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between PCa and non-tumor controls were identified by using microarray analysis. Functional annotation of DEmRNAs, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and prediction of upstream transcription factors and downstream target DEmRNAs of DEmiRNAs were conducted to further research functions of key DEmRNAs and DEmiRNAs. Validation of selected DEmRNAs and survival analysis were conducted by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Total of 91 DEmRNAs and 62 DEmiRNAs were obtained. Thrombospondin-4 precursor (THBS4) was the most significantly up-regulated DEmRNA whose product was predicted to interact with the hub protein of the PCa-specific PPI network, collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1). Both ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4) and endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) have great prognostic value for PCa. Thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 4 (THSD4) was a down-regulated DEmRNA regulated by several cancer-related miRNAs including has-miR-107, hsa-miR-3175 and hsa-miR-484. Two miRNAs (hsa-miR-428 and hsa-miR-4284) involve in PCa by regulating BMP5-BAMBI interaction and TGF-beta signaling pathway. The expression of selected DEmRNAs between PCa and non-tumor controls in TCGA was consistent with that in our microarray analysis, generally. CONCLUSIONS Key DEmRNAs and DEmiRNAs between PCa and non-tumor controls were identified in this study which provided clues for exploring the molecular mechanism and developing potential biomarkers and therapeutic target sites for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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12
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Circulating cell-free DNA: Translating prostate cancer genomics into clinical care. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100837. [PMID: 31954523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Only in the past decade tremendous advances have been made in understanding prostate cancer genomics and consequently in applying new treatment strategies. As options regarding treatments are increasing so are the challenges in selecting the right treatment option for each patient and not the least, understanding the optimal time-point and sequence of applying available treatments. Critically, without reliable methods that enable sequential monitoring of evolving genotypes in individual patients, we will never reach effective personalised driven treatment approaches. This review focuses on the clinical implications of prostate cancer genomics and the potential of cfDNA in facilitating treatment management.
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13
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Function, Regulation and Biological Roles of PI3Kγ Variants. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090427. [PMID: 31480354 PMCID: PMC6770443 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) γ is the only class IB PI3K member playing significant roles in the G-protein-dependent regulation of cell signaling in health and disease. Originally found in the immune system, increasing evidence suggest a wide array of functions in the whole organism. PI3Kγ occur as two different heterodimeric variants: PI3Kγ (p87) and PI3Kγ (p101), which share the same p110γ catalytic subunit but differ in their associated non-catalytic subunit. Here we concentrate on specific PI3Kγ features including its regulation and biological functions. In particular, the roles of its non-catalytic subunits serving as the main regulators determining specificity of class IB PI3Kγ enzymes are highlighted.
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14
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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15
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Tong Y, Song Y, Deng S. Combined analysis and validation for DNA methylation and gene expression profiles associated with prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:50. [PMID: 30867653 PMCID: PMC6399908 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy cause of cancer deaths and frequently diagnosed in male. This study aimed to identify tumor suppressor genes, hub genes and their pathways by combined bioinformatics analysis. METHODS A combined analysis method was used for two types of microarray datasets (DNA methylation and gene expression profiles) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified by the R package minfi and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out via the R package limma. A total of 4451 DMGs and 1509 DEGs, identified with nine overlaps between DMGs, DEGs and tumor suppressor genes, were screened for candidate tumor suppressor genes. All these nine candidate tumor suppressor genes were validated by TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database and Oncomine database. And then, the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. At last, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to validate these genes. RESULTS The candidate tumor suppressor genes were IKZF1, PPM1A, FBP1, SMCHD1, ALPL, CASP5, PYHIN1, DAPK1 and CASP8. By validation in TCGA database, PPM1A, DAPK1, FBP1, PYHIN1, ALPL and SMCHD1 were significant. The hub genes were FGFR1, FGF13 and CCND1. These hub genes were identified from the PPI network, and sub-networks revealed by these genes were involved in significant pathways. CONCLUSION In summary, the study indicated that the combined analysis for identifying target genes with PCa by bioinformatics tools promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and underlying the development of PCa. And the hub genes might serve as molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for precise diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Tong
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
- School of Humanity, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Device, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Deng
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Azam MF, Musa A, Dehmer M, Yli-Harja OP, Emmert-Streib F. Global Genetics Research in Prostate Cancer: A Text Mining and Computational Network Theory Approach. Front Genet 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30838019 PMCID: PMC6383410 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer type in men in Finland and second worldwide. In this paper, we analyze almost 150, 000 published papers about prostate cancer, authored by ten thousands of scientists worldwide, with an integrated text mining and computational network theory approach. We demonstrate how to integrate text mining with network analysis investigating research contributions of countries and collaborations within and between countries. Furthermore, we study the time evolution of individually and collectively studied genes. Finally, we investigate a collaboration network of Finland and compare studied genes with globally studied genes in prostate cancer genetics. Overall, our results provide a global overview of prostate cancer research in genetics. In addition, we present a specific discussion for Finland. Our results shed light on trends within the last 30 years and are useful for translational researchers within the full range from genetics to public health management and health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Facihul Azam
- Predictive Society and Data Analysis Lab, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aliyu Musa
- Predictive Society and Data Analysis Lab, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matthias Dehmer
- Faculty for Management, Institute for Intelligent Production, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria.,Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Computer Science, UMIT, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.,College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Olli P Yli-Harja
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland.,Computational Systems Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Frank Emmert-Streib
- Predictive Society and Data Analysis Lab, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
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17
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Schmidt L, Møller M, Haldrup C, Strand SH, Vang S, Hedegaard J, Høyer S, Borre M, Ørntoft T, Sørensen KD. Exploring the transcriptome of hormone-naive multifocal prostate cancer and matched lymph node metastases. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1527-1537. [PMID: 30449885 PMCID: PMC6288156 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current inability to predict whether a primary prostate cancer (PC) will progress to metastatic disease leads to overtreatment of indolent PCs as well as undertreatment of aggressive PCs. Here, we explored the transcriptional changes associated with metastatic progression of multifocal hormone-naive PC. Methods Using total RNA-sequencing, we analysed laser micro-dissected primary PC foci (n = 23), adjacent normal prostate tissue samples (n = 23) and lymph node metastases (n = 9) from ten hormone-naive PC patients. Genes important for PC progression were identified using differential gene expression and clustering analysis. From these, two multi-gene-based expression signatures (models) were developed, and their prognostic potential was evaluated using Cox-regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses in three independent radical prostatectomy (RP) cohorts (>650 patients). Results We identified several novel PC-associated transcripts deregulated during PC progression, and these transcripts were used to develop two novel gene-expression-based prognostic models. The models showed independent prognostic potential in three RP cohorts (n = 405, n = 107 and n = 91), using biochemical recurrence after RP as the primary clinical endpoint. Conclusions We identified several transcripts deregulated during PC progression and developed two new prognostic models for PC risk stratification, each of which showed independent prognostic value beyond routine clinicopathological factors in three independent RP cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnéa Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mia Møller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christa Haldrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Siri H Strand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Vang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hedegaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Høyer
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Ohashi Y, Tremel S, Williams RL. VPS34 complexes from a structural perspective. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:229-241. [PMID: 30397185 PMCID: PMC6358306 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VPS34 phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol to produce PtdIns3P and is the progenitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. VPS34 has a simpler domain organization than class I PI3Ks, which belies the complexity of its quaternary organization, with the enzyme always functioning within larger assemblies. PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. Because VPS34 can form a component of several distinct complexes, it enables independent regulation of various pathways that are controlled by PtdIns3P. Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively. Autophagy has a complex association with cancer. In early stages, it inhibits tumorigenesis, but in later stages, it acts as a survival factor for tumors. Recently, various disease-associated somatic mutations were found in genes encoding complex I and II subunits. Lipid kinase activities of the complexes are also influenced by posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Mapping PTMs and somatic mutations on three-dimensional models of the complexes suggests mechanisms for how these affect VPS34 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Tremel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L Williams
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Kallio HML, Hieta R, Latonen L, Brofeldt A, Annala M, Kivinummi K, Tammela TL, Nykter M, Isaacs WB, Lilja HG, Bova GS, Visakorpi T. Constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants AR-V3, AR-V7 and AR-V9 are co-expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer metastases. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:347-356. [PMID: 29988112 PMCID: PMC6070921 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant subset of prostate cancer (PC) patients with a castration-resistant form of the disease (CRPC) show primary resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeting drugs developed against CRPC. As one explanation could be the expression of constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs), our current objectives were to study AR-Vs and other AR aberrations to better understand the emergence of CRPC. METHODS We analysed specimens from different stages of prostate cancer by next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AR mutations and copy number variations were detected only in CRPC specimens. Genomic structural rearrangements of AR were observed in 5/30 metastatic CRPC patients, but they were not associated with expression of previously known AR-Vs. The predominant AR-Vs detected were AR-V3, AR-V7 and AR-V9, with the expression levels being significantly higher in CRPC cases compared to prostatectomy samples. Out of 25 CRPC metastases that expressed any AR variant, 17 cases harboured expression of all three of these AR-Vs. AR-V7 protein expression was highly heterogeneous and higher in CRPC compared to hormone-naïve tumours. CONCLUSIONS AR-V3, AR-V7 and AR-V9 are co-expressed in CRPC metastases highlighting the fact that inhibiting AR function via regions common to all AR-Vs is likely to provide additional benefit to patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini M L Kallio
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Reija Hieta
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina Brofeldt
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Annala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Kivinummi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L Tammela
- Department of Urology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - William B Isaacs
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans G Lilja
- Departments of Surgery (Urology), Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - G Steven Bova
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Li Q, Ingram L, Kim S, Beharry Z, Cooper JA, Cai H. Paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor Initiates Oncogenic Synergy with Epithelial FGFR/Src Transformation in Prostate Tumor Progression. Neoplasia 2018; 20:233-243. [PMID: 29444487 PMCID: PMC5814375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross talk of stromal-epithelial cells plays an essential role in both normal development and tumor initiation and progression. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-FGF receptor (FGFR)-Src kinase axis is one of the major signal transduction pathways to mediate this cross talk. Numerous genomic studies have demonstrated that expression levels of FGFR/Src are deregulated in a variety of cancers including prostate cancer; however, the role that paracrine FGF (from stromal cells) plays in dysregulated expression of epithelial FGFRs/Src and tumor progression in vivo is not well evaluated. In this study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of wild-type FGFR1/2 or Src kinase in epithelial cells was not sufficient to initiate prostate tumorigenesis under a normal stromal microenvironment in vivo. However, paracrine FGF10 synergized with ectopic expression of epithelial FGFR1 or FGFR2 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, paracrine FGF10 sensitized FGFR2-transformed epithelial cells to initiate prostate tumorigenesis. Next, paracrine FGF10 also synergized with overexpression of epithelial Src kinase to high-grade tumors. But loss of the myristoylation site in Src kinase inhibited paracrine FGF10-induced prostate tumorigenesis. Loss of myristoylation alters Src levels in the cell membrane and inhibited FGF-mediated signaling including inhibition of the phosphotyrosine pattern and FAK phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates the potential tumor progression by simultaneous deregulation of proteins in the FGF/FGFRs/Src signal axis and provides a therapeutic strategy of targeting myristoylation of Src kinase to interfere with the tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lishann Ingram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965
| | | | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
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21
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Jernberg E, Bergh A, Wikström P. Clinical relevance of androgen receptor alterations in prostate cancer. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:R146-R161. [PMID: 29030409 PMCID: PMC5640574 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, despite continuously improved treatment strategies. Patients with metastatic disease are treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that with time results in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) usually established as metastases within bone tissue. The androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor is the main driver of CRPC development and of acquired resistance to drugs given for treatment of CRPC, while a minority of patients have CRPC that is non-AR driven. Molecular mechanisms behind epithelial AR reactivation in CRPC include AR gene amplification and overexpression, AR mutations, expression of constitutively active AR variants, intra-tumoural and adrenal androgen synthesis and promiscuous AR activation by other factors. This review will summarize AR alterations of clinical relevance for patients with CRPC, with focus on constitutively active AR variants, their possible association with AR amplification and structural rearrangements as well as their ability to predict patient resistance to AR targeting drugs. The review will also discuss AR signalling in the tumour microenvironment and its possible relevance for metastatic growth and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jernberg
- Department of Medical biosciencesUmeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical biosciencesUmeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steven Bova
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, and at the BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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