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Brunchi CE, Morariu S. Laponite ®-From Dispersion to Gel-Structure, Properties, and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2823. [PMID: 38930887 PMCID: PMC11206873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Laponite® (LAP) is an intensively studied synthetic clay due to the versatility given by its layered structure, which makes it usable in various applications. This review describes the multifaceted properties and applications of LAP in aqueous dispersions and gel systems. The first sections of the review discuss the LAP structure and the interactions between clay discs in an aqueous medium under different conditions (such as ionic strength, pH, temperature, and the addition of polymers) in order to understand the function of clay in tailoring the properties of the designed material. Additionally, the review explores the aging phenomenon characteristic of LAP aqueous dispersions as well as the development of shake-gels by incorporating LAP. The second part shows the most recent studies on materials containing LAP with possible applicability in the drilling industry, cosmetics or care products industry, and biomedical fields. By elucidating the remarkable versatility and ease of integration of LAP into various matrices, this review underscores its significance as a key ingredient for the creation of next-generation materials with tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Morariu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
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2
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Duan YJ, Nabahat M, Tong Y, Ortiz-Membrado L, Jiménez-Piqué E, Zhao K, Wang YJ, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier JM, Qiao JC, Pineda E. Connection between Mechanical Relaxation and Equilibration Kinetics in a High-Entropy Metallic Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056101. [PMID: 38364152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The slow transition from an out-of-equilibrium glass towards a supercooled liquid is a complex relaxation phenomenon. In this Letter, we study the correlation between mechanical relaxation and equilibration kinetics in a Pd_{20}Pt_{20}Cu_{20}Ni_{20}P_{20} high-entropy metallic glass. The evolution of stress relaxation with aging time was obtained with an unprecedented detail, allowing us to pinpoint new interesting features. The long structural relaxation towards equilibrium contains a wide distribution of activation energies, instead of being just associated to the β relaxation as commonly accepted. The stress relaxation time can be correlated with the equilibration rate and we observe a decrease of microstructural heterogeneity which contrasts with an increase of dynamic heterogeneity. These results significantly enhance our insight of the interplay between relaxation dynamics and thermodynamics in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Duan
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - M Nabahat
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Yu Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - L Ortiz-Membrado
- Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-Piqué
- Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J M Pelletier
- Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J C Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - E Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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3
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Anthuparambil ND, Girelli A, Timmermann S, Kowalski M, Akhundzadeh MS, Retzbach S, Senft MD, Dargasz M, Gutmüller D, Hiremath A, Moron M, Öztürk Ö, Poggemann HF, Ragulskaya A, Begam N, Tosson A, Paulus M, Westermeier F, Zhang F, Sprung M, Schreiber F, Gutt C. Exploring non-equilibrium processes and spatio-temporal scaling laws in heated egg yolk using coherent X-rays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5580. [PMID: 37696830 PMCID: PMC10495384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The soft-grainy microstructure of cooked egg yolk is the result of a series of out-of-equilibrium processes of its protein-lipid contents; however, it is unclear how egg yolk constituents contribute to these processes to create the desired microstructure. By employing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we investigate the functional contribution of egg yolk constituents: proteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and yolk-granules to the development of grainy-gel microstructure and microscopic dynamics during cooking. We find that the viscosity of the heated egg yolk is solely determined by the degree of protein gelation, whereas the grainy-gel microstructure is controlled by the extent of LDL aggregation. Overall, protein denaturation-aggregation-gelation and LDL-aggregation follows Arrhenius-type time-temperature superposition (TTS), indicating an identical mechanism with a temperature-dependent reaction rate. However, above 75 °C TTS breaks down and temperature-independent gelation dynamics is observed, demonstrating that the temperature can no longer accelerate certain non-equilibrium processes above a threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi Das Anthuparambil
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Marvin Kowalski
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Retzbach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian D Senft
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Gutmüller
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anusha Hiremath
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Moron
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Özgül Öztürk
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amir Tosson
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
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Razzaghian Ghadikolaee M, Cerro-Prada E, Pan Z, Habibnejad Korayem A. Nanomaterials as Promising Additives for High-Performance 3D-Printed Concrete: A Critical Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091440. [PMID: 37176985 PMCID: PMC10180160 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printed concrete (3DPC), as one of the subset of digital fabrication, has provided a revolution in the construction industry. Accordingly, scientists, experts, and researchers in both academic and industry communities are trying to improve the performance of 3DPC. The mix design of all kinds of concrete has always been the most crucial property to reach the best efficiency. Recently, many studies have been performed to incorporate nano- and micro-scale additives to ameliorate the properties of 3DPC. The current study aims to present the main design properties of 3DPC and completely cover both fresh and hardened state characteristics of 3DPC containing different nano- and micro-additives. Our observations illustrate that nanomaterials can be mainly utilized as a thickener to ameliorate the thixotropic behavior and the structural build-up of 3DPC, resulting in higher yield stress and better viscosity recovery. Furthermore, each nanomaterial, through its unique impact, can provide lower porosity and permeability as well as better mechanical strengths for 3DPC. Although much research investigate the fresh properties of 3DPC containing nano and micro additives, future studies are needed to provide better insight into the impact of these kinds of additives on the hardened characteristics of 3DPC. In addition, researchers may devote more research to address the effects of the additives discussed herein on the performance of other kinds of 3DPC such as lightweight, self-compacting, etc. It should be noted that the effect mechanism of nanomaterials on the inter-layer bond strength of 3DPC is another crucial issue that should be investigated in future studies. Furthermore, nano-scale fillers from source of waste and biomass can be attractive additives for future research to achieve high performance of sustainable 3D-printed concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Razzaghian Ghadikolaee
- Nanomaterials Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
- Department of Electrical, Electronical, Automatic Control Engineering and Applied Physics, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cerro-Prada
- Department of Electrical, Electronical, Automatic Control Engineering and Applied Physics, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhu Pan
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Asghar Habibnejad Korayem
- Nanomaterials Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
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5
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Liu W, Zhu Y, Li Y, Han J, Ngai T. Unveiling the structural relaxation of microgel suspensions at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:948-958. [PMID: 36509038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles show considerable hydrophilicity below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) while they become hydrophobic above LCST. We hypothesize that interfacial wettability could tune particle-surface interaction and subsequent structural relaxation of microgel suspensions at interfaces during the volume phase transition. EXPERIMENTS The evanescent-wave scattering images of microgels at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces are analyzed by a density-fluctuation autocorrelation function (δACF) over a wide range of particle volume fraction ϕ. The structural relaxation is characterized by the decay behavior of δACF. The scattering images in bulk are also processed as a comparison. FINDINGS A two-step relaxation decay is observed at both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces. Relative to fast decay, the rate of structural relaxation in slow decay is reduced by a factor of ∼ 500 and ∼ 50 at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces, respectively. The relaxation times obey divergent power-law dependences on intermediate regime of observing length scales at the two interfaces. Besides, the distribution of fluctuation for relaxation time at different local regions reveals that the structural relaxation is much more homogenous at hydrophilic interfaces than that at hydrophobic interfaces, especially at high ϕ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - To Ngai
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education & School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Jaeger TD, Simmons DS. Temperature dependence of aging dynamics in highly non-equilibrium model polymer glasses. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:114504. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A central feature of the non-equilibrium glassy “state” is its tendency to age toward equilibrium, obeying signatures identified by Kovacs over 50 years ago. The origin of these signatures, their fate far from equilibrium and at high temperatures, and the underlying nature of the glassy “state” far from equilibrium remain unsettled. Here, we simulate physical aging of polymeric glasses, driven much farther from equilibrium and at much higher temperatures than possible in experimental melt-quenched glasses. While these glasses exhibit Kovacs’ signatures of glassy aging at sufficiently low temperatures, these signatures disappear above the onset TA of non-Arrhenius equilibrium dynamics, suggesting that TA demarcates an upper bound to genuinely glassy states. Aging times in glasses after temperature up-jumps are found to obey an Arrhenius law interpolating between equilibrium dynamics at TA and at the start of the temperature up-jump, providing a zero-parameter rule predicting their aging behavior and identifying another unrecognized centrality of TA to aging behavior. This differs qualitatively from behavior of our glasses produced by temperature down-jumps, which exhibit a fractional power law decoupling relation with equilibrium dynamics. While the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan model can predict the qualitative single-temperature behavior of these systems, we find that it fails to predict the disappearance of Kovacs signatures above TA and the temperature dependence of aging after large temperature up-jumps. These findings highlight a need for new theoretical insights into the aging behavior of glasses at ultra-high fictive temperatures and far from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara D. Jaeger
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - David S. Simmons
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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7
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Shoaib M, Bobicki ER. Rheological implications of pH induced particle-particle association in aqueous suspension of an anisotropic charged clay. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7822-7834. [PMID: 34312640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Kaolinite particles are geometrically anisometric and electrostatically anisotropic. Until recently, the charge of both basal faces of kaolinite was assumed to be independent of pH, and the isoelectric point (IEP) of the edge surface was thought to occur at pH 4-6. Therefore, kaolinite suspensions were expected to have an edge-face association at low pH. However, recent atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have shown that the kaolinite alumina basal face and edge surface carry a pH-dependent surface charge with an IEP at pH 5-6 and ∼ 3, respectively. Here, we revisit the modes of particle association in kaolinite suspensions and apply Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory to study the rheological implications of surface charges of various kaolinite faces from recent AFM-based studies. Specifically, aging within the linear viscoelastic region, small amplitude oscillatory shear behavior (strain amplitude and frequency response), and critical stress behavior were studied as a function of pH. Kaolinite suspensions (40 wt%) exhibited two-step structure recovery after shear rejuvenation and two-step yielding at pH less than the IEP of the alumina basal face. In addition, the storage modulus (G') and critical stress required to stabilize the flow followed non-monotonic behavior as a function of pH. At low pH, the silica face-alumina face mode of association was expected to be dominant rather than the edge-face microstructure. A peak in the G'vs. pH curve at pH 4.5-5 was correlated with the silica face-alumina face attraction estimated from DLVO theory, which passes through a maximum at approximately the same pH. Based on these observations, we propose a qualitative state diagram for kaolinite suspensions in the pH-concentration space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E5, Ontario, Canada. mailto:
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8
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Cheng CH, Kamitani K, Masuda S, Uno K, Dechnarong N, Hoshino T, Kojio K, Takahara A. Dynamics of matrix-free nanocomposites consisting of block copolymer-grafted silica nanoparticles under elongation evaluated through X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Mithra K, Jena SS. Surfactant head group and concentration influence on structure and dynamics of gellan gum hydrogels: Crossover from stretched to compressed exponential. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Mithra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Sidhartha S Jena
- Department of Physics and Astronomy National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
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10
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Begam N, Ragulskaya A, Girelli A, Rahmann H, Chandran S, Westermeier F, Reiser M, Sprung M, Zhang F, Gutt C, Schreiber F. Kinetics of Network Formation and Heterogeneous Dynamics of an Egg White Gel Revealed by Coherent X-Ray Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:098001. [PMID: 33750145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of heat-induced gelation and the microscopic dynamics of a hen egg white gel are probed using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy along with ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering. The kinetics of structural growth reveals a reaction-limited aggregation process with a gel fractal dimension of ≈2 and an average network mesh size of ca. 400 nm. The dynamics probed at these length scales reveals an exponential growth of the characteristic relaxation times followed by an intriguing steady state in combination with a compressed exponential correlation function and a temporal heterogeneity. The degree of heterogeneity increases with decreasing length scale. We discuss our results in the broader context of experiments and models describing attractive colloidal gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Chen Y, Rogers SA, Narayanan S, Harden JL, Leheny RL. Microscopic ergodicity breaking governs the emergence and evolution of elasticity in glass-forming nanoclay suspensions. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042619. [PMID: 33212706 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report a study combining x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) with in situ rheology to investigate the microscopic dynamics and mechanical properties of aqueous suspensions of the synthetic hectorite clay Laponite, which is composed of charged, nanometer-scale, disk-shaped particles. The suspensions, with particle concentrations ranging from 3.25 to 3.75 wt %, evolve over time from a fluid to a soft glass that displays aging behavior. The XPCS measurements characterize the localization of the particles during the formation and aging of the soft-glass state. The fraction of localized particles, f_{0}, increases rapidly during the early formation stage and grows more slowly during subsequent aging, while the characteristic localization length r_{loc} steadily decreases. Despite the strongly varying rates of aging at different concentrations, both f_{0} and r_{loc} scale with the elastic shear modulus G^{'} in a manner independent of concentration. During the later aging stage, the scaling between r_{loc} and G^{'} agrees quantitatively with a prediction of naive mode coupling theory. Breakdown of agreement with the theory during the early formation stage indicates the prevalence of dynamic heterogeneity, suggesting the soft solid forms through precursors of dynamically localized clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Simon A Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - James L Harden
- Department of Physics & CAMaR, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Robert L Leheny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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12
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Begam N, Da Vela S, Matsarskaia O, Braun MK, Mariani A, Zhang F, Schreiber F. Packing and dynamics of a protein solution approaching the jammed state. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7751-7759. [PMID: 32744265 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The packing of proteins and their collective behavior in crowded media is crucial for the understanding of biological processes. Here we study the structural and dynamical evolution of solutions of the globular protein bovine serum albumin with increasing concentration via drying using small angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering. We probe an evolving correlation peak on the scattering profile, corresponding to the inter-protein distance, ξ, which decreases following a power law of the protein volume fraction, φ. The rate of decrease in ξ becomes faster above a protein concentration of ∼200 mg ml-1 (φ = 0.15). The power law exponent changes from 0.33, which is typical of colloidal or protein solutions, to 0.41. During the entire drying process, we observe the development and the growth of two-step relaxation dynamics with increasing φ as revealed by dynamic light scattering. We find three different regimes of the dependence of ξ as a function of φ. In the dilute regime (φ < 0.22), protein molecules are far apart from each other compared to their size. In this case, the dynamics mainly corresponds to Brownian motion. At an intermediate concentration (0.22 < φ < 0.47), inter-protein distances become comparable to the size of protein molecules, leading to a preferential orientation of the ellipsoidal protein molecules along with a possible deformation. In this regime, the dynamics shows two distinct relaxation times. At a very high concentration (φ > 0.47), the system reaches a jammed state. Subsequently, the secondary relaxation time in this state becomes extremely slow. In this state, the protein molecules have approximately one hydration layer. This study contributes to the understanding of protein molecular packing in crowded environments and the phenomenon of density-driven jamming for soft matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universtitat Tübingen, 70276, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stefano Da Vela
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universtitat Tübingen, 70276, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Olga Matsarskaia
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universtitat Tübingen, 70276, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Michal K Braun
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universtitat Tübingen, 70276, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universtitat Tübingen, 70276, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universtitat Tübingen, 70276, Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Nigro V, Ruzicka B, Ruta B, Zontone F, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Angelini R. Relaxation Dynamics, Softness, and Fragility of Microgels with Interpenetrated Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ruta
- France Univ Lyon, Universitè Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- ESRF The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Federico Zontone
- ESRF The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), via P. Gobetti
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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14
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Johnson KJ, Wiegart L, Abbott AC, Johnson EB, Baur JW, Koerner H. In Operando Monitoring of Dynamic Recovery in 3D-Printed Thermoset Nanocomposites by XPCS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8758-8768. [PMID: 31244252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based additive manufacturing methods, such as direct-write of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy inks, have become an attractive route toward development of structural composites in recent years, because of emerging techniques such as big area additive manufacturing. The development of improved materials for these methods has been a major focus area; however, an understanding of the effects of the printing process on the structural and dynamic recovery in printed materials remains largely unexplored. The goal of this work is to capture multiscale and temporal morphology and dynamics within thermosetting composite inks to determine the parameters during the printing process that influence the recovery of the printed material. Herein, we use X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy in small-angle scattering geometry to reveal both morphology and recovery dynamics of a nanoparticle (layered-silicate Cloisite 30B) in a thermoset epoxy resin (EPON 826) during the printing process in real time. Our results show that the dynamics of the layered silicate particles during recovery are anisotropic and slow down to behavior which is characteristic of aging in colloidal clay suspensions around tage ≈ 12 s. The dynamics and alignment of the particles during recovery were tempo-spatially mapped, and the recovery post printing was shown to be strongly influenced by the deposition onto the build plate in addition to the extrusion through the print head. Our in operando results provide insight into the parameters that must be considered when optimizing materials and methods for precisely tailored local properties during 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Johnson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Photon Sciences Directorate , 744 Ring Road , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Andrew C Abbott
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Elias B Johnson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Jeffery W Baur
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
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15
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Poling-Skutvik R, Roberts RC, Slim AH, Narayanan S, Krishnamoorti R, Palmer JC, Conrad JC. Structure Dominates Localization of Tracers within Aging Nanoparticle Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1784-1789. [PMID: 30916569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transport and localization of tracer probes in a glassy matrix as a function of relative size using dynamic X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The quiescent relaxations of tracer particles evolve with increasing waiting time, tw. The corresponding relaxation times increase exponentially at small tw and then transition to a power-law behavior at longer tw. As tracer size decreases, the aging behavior weakens and the particles become less localized within the matrix until they delocalize at a critical size ratio δ0 ≈ 0.38. Localization does not vary with sample age even as the relaxations slow by approximately an order of magnitude, suggesting that matrix structure controls tracer localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Poling-Skutvik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Ryan C Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Ali H Slim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Jeremy C Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204-4004 , United States
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16
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Suman K, Joshi YM. Microstructure and Soft Glassy Dynamics of an Aqueous Laponite Dispersion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13079-13103. [PMID: 30180583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic hectorite clay Laponite RD/XLG is composed of disk-shaped nanoparticles that acquire dissimilar charges when suspended in an aqueous medium. Owing to their property to spontaneously self-assemble, Laponite is used as a rheology modifier in a variety of commercial water-based products. In particular, an aqueous dispersion of Laponite undergoes a liquid-to-solid transition at about 1 vol % concentration. The evolution of the physical properties as the dispersion transforms to the solid state is reminiscent of physical aging in molecular as well as colloidal glasses. The corresponding soft glassy dynamics of an aqueous Laponite dispersion, including the rheological behavior, has been extensively studied in the literature. In this feature article, we take an overview of recent advances in understanding soft glassy dynamics and various efforts taken to understand the peculiar rheological behavior. Furthermore, the continuously developing microstructure that is responsible for the eventual formation of a soft solid state that supports its own weight against gravity has also been a topic of intense debate and discussion. In particularly, extensive experimental and theoretical studies lead to two types of microstructures for this system: an attractive gel-like or a repulsive glass-like structure. We carefully examine and critically analyze the literature and propose a state (phase) diagram that suggests an aqueous Laponite dispersion to be present in an attractive gel state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Suman
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , India
| | - Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , India
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17
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Sheikhi A, Afewerki S, Oklu R, Gaharwar AK, Khademhosseini A. Effect of ionic strength on shear-thinning nanoclay-polymer composite hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2073-2083. [PMID: 29944151 PMCID: PMC6085890 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00469b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclay-polymer shear-thinning composites are designed for a broad range of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and additive biomanufacturing. Despite the advances in clay-polymer injectable nanocomposites, colloidal properties of layered silicates are not fully considered in evaluating the in vitro performance of shear-thinning biomaterials (STBs). Here, as a model system, we investigate the effect of ions on the rheological properties and injectability of nanoclay-gelatin hydrogels to understand their behavior when prepared in physiological media. In particular, we study the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), common salts in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media (e.g., Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM), on the structural organization of nanoclay (LAPONITE® XLG-XR, a hydrous lithium magnesium sodium silicate)-polymer composites, responsible for the shear-thinning properties and injectability of STBs. We show that the formation of nanoclay-polymer aggregates due to the ion-induced shrinkage of the diffuse double layer and eventually the liquid-solid phase separation decrease the resistance of STB against elastic deformation, decreasing the yield stress. Accordingly, the stress corresponding to the onset of structural breakdown (yield zone) is regulated by the ion type and concentration. These results are independent of the STB composition and can directly be translated into the physiological conditions. The exfoliated nanoclay undergoes visually undetectable aggregation upon mixing with gelatin in physiological media, resulting in heterogeneous hydrogels that phase separate under stress. This work provides fundamental insights into nanoclay-polymer interactions in physiological environments, paving the way for designing clay-based injectable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sheikhi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Park BS, Jung KI, Lee SJ, Lee KY, Jung HW. Effect of particle shape on drying dynamics in suspension drops using multi-speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Oparaji O, Narayanan S, Sandy A, Ramakrishnan S, Hallinan D. Structural Dynamics of Strongly Segregated Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyekachi Oparaji
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alec Sandy
- Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Daniel Hallinan
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
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20
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Park BS, Hyung KH, Oh GJ, Jung HW. Dynamic Change in Color Filter Layers during the Baking Process by Multi-Speckle Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baek Sung Park
- Korea University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Samsung SDI; 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16678 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Hyung
- Samsung SDI; 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16678 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Jeong Oh
- Korea University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Korea University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu 02841 Seoul Republic of Korea
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Marie Philippe
- Laboratoire
Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- Laboratoire
Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Naples, 80055 Portici, Italy
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22
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Bouzid M, Colombo J, Barbosa LV, Del Gado E. Elastically driven intermittent microscopic dynamics in soft solids. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28635964 PMCID: PMC5482056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft solids with tunable mechanical response are at the core of new material technologies, but a crucial limit for applications is their progressive aging over time, which dramatically affects their functionalities. The generally accepted paradigm is that such aging is gradual and its origin is in slower than exponential microscopic dynamics, akin to the ones in supercooled liquids or glasses. Nevertheless, time- and space-resolved measurements have provided contrasting evidence: dynamics faster than exponential, intermittency and abrupt structural changes. Here we use 3D computer simulations of a microscopic model to reveal that the timescales governing stress relaxation, respectively, through thermal fluctuations and elastic recovery are key for the aging dynamics. When thermal fluctuations are too weak, stress heterogeneities frozen-in upon solidification can still partially relax through elastically driven fluctuations. Such fluctuations are intermittent, because of strong correlations that persist over the timescale of experiments or simulations, leading to faster than exponential dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bouzid
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA
| | - Jader Colombo
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA
| | - Lucas Vieira Barbosa
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia - DF 70.040-020, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Physics, Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington District Of Columbia 20057, USA
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23
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Marques FADM, Angelini R, Ruocco G, Ruzicka B. Isotopic Effect on the Gel and Glass Formation of a Charged Colloidal Clay: Laponite. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4576-4582. [PMID: 28376301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The time evolution of both dynamic and static structure factors of a charged colloidal clay, Laponite, dispersed in both H2O and D2O solvents has been investigated through multiangle dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a function of weight concentration. The aging phenomenology and the formation of arrested states, both gel and glass, are preserved in D2O, while the dynamics is slowed down with respect to water. These findings are important to understand the role played by the solvent in the interparticle interactions and for techniques such as neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance that allow for the extension of the accessible scattering vectors and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Angelini
- ISC-CNR, Sede Sapienza , I-00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma , I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma , I-00185 Roma, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science, IIT@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- ISC-CNR, Sede Sapienza , I-00185 Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma , I-00185 Roma, Italy
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24
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Li Q, Peng X, McKenna GB. Long-term aging behaviors in a model soft colloidal system. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1396-1404. [PMID: 28120996 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal and molecular systems share similar behaviors near to the glass transition volume fraction or temperature. Here, aging behaviors after volume fraction up-jump (induced by performing temperature down-jumps) conditions for a PS-PNIPAM/AA soft colloidal system were investigated using light scattering (diffusing wave spectroscopy, DWS). Both aging responses and equilibrium dynamics were investigated. For the aging responses, long-term experiments (100 000 s) were performed, and both equilibrium and non-equilibrium behaviors of the system were obtained. In the equilibrium state, as effective volume fraction increases (or temperature decreases), the colloidal dispersion displays a transition from the liquid to a glassy state. The equilibrium α-relaxation dynamics strongly depend on both the effective volume fraction and the initial mass concentration for the studied colloidal systems. Compared with prior results from our lab [X. Di, X. Peng and G. B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys., 2014, 140, 054903], the effective volume fractions investigated spanned a wider range, to deeper into the glassy domain. The results show that the α-relaxation time τα of the samples aged into equilibrium deviate from the classical Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT)-type expectations and the super-Arrhenius signature disappears above the glass transition volume fraction. The non-equilibrium aging response shows that the time for the structural evolution into equilibrium and the α-relaxation time are decoupled. The DWS investigation of the aging behavior after different volume fraction jumps reveals a different non-equilibrium or aging behavior for the considered colloidal systems compared with either molecular glasses or the macroscopic rheology of a similar colloidal dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Xiaoguang Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Gregory B McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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25
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Siviello C, Greco F, Larobina D. Analysis of the aging effects on the viscoelasticity of alginate gels. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8726-8735. [PMID: 27714364 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aging on the mechanical behaviour of ionically cross-linked alginate gels is studied in detail. Relaxation experiments upon both unconfined compression and torsion are performed on samples at different aging times. The elastic moduli of the gel are found to increase with the aging time, whereas the internal (constitutive) mechanism of the relaxation of the solid component of the gel is found to be unaffected by aging. It is demonstrated that the Linear Visco-Elastic Stress/Diffusion Coupling model [D. Larobina, F. Greco, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136, 134904], recently developed by two of the present authors, is able to quantitatively reproduce the experimental data for differently aged samples, at early-to-intermediate relaxation times. Moreover, it is shown that the gel always undergoes a spontaneous expulsion of water (syneresis) and some spontaneous deformation for a sufficiently long observation time, even in the absence of any externally imposed strain. The latter phenomenology progressively slows down with increasing of the gel age. By proper time shifting of the late relaxation decays, i.e., by properly defining an "effective time", master curves can be obtained in all cases, with all data pertaining to differently aged samples collapsing on a single relaxation law for each deformation history. The dependence of the shift factors on the aging time is found to follow a power law behavior, with an exponent of 1.39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Siviello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Naples, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Francesco Greco
- Combustion Research Institute - National Research Council of Italy, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Naples, 80055 Portici, Italy. and Consortium INSTM (Florence) UdR of Naples, Italy
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26
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Oh GJ, Hwang JW, Bong KW, Jung HW, Lee SJ. Particle dynamics and relaxation in bimodal suspensions during drying using multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwi Jeong Oh
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hwang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Dept. of Polymer Engineering; The University of Suwon; Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
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27
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Kwon NK, Park CS, Lee CH, Kim YS, Zukoski CF, Kim SY. Tunable Nanoparticle Stability in Concentrated Polymer Solutions On the Basis of the Temperature Dependent Solvent Quality. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles F. Zukoski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York United States
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28
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Rheological inversion of the universal aging dynamics of hectorite clay suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Jang WS, Koo P, Bryson K, Narayanan S, Sandy AR, Russell TP, Mochrie SG. The Static Structure and Dynamics of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles within Poly(styrene-block
-isoprene) Diblock Copolymer Melts. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sik Jang
- Department of Physics; Yale University; 217 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511-8499 USA
| | - Peter Koo
- Department of Physics; Yale University; 217 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511-8499 USA
| | - Kyle Bryson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research; 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003-9263 USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Alec R. Sandy
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research; 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003-9263 USA
| | - Simon G. Mochrie
- Department of Physics; Yale University; 217 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511-8499 USA
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30
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Wakabayashi A, Goto T, Dobashi T, Maki Y. Glassy Behavior of a Tin Dioxide Nanoparticle Suspension. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13022-13028. [PMID: 26540608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dilute suspensions of charged colloidal particles with a short-range attraction and long-range repulsion can exhibit a variety of arrested states. In many applications using suspensions of charged nanoparticles, the optimization of the process requires the understanding of the mechanism underlying the stability and the rheological properties of the suspensions. In an attempt to clarify the solidification mechanism for dilute suspensions of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles, we present dynamic viscoelasticity, dynamic and static light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on a SnO2 nanoparticle suspension with a nanoparticle concentration of 25.0 wt % (volume fraction φ = 0.045). The behaviors of the observed dynamic and static structure factors reveal that the aging of SnO2 nanoparticles is Wigner glassy rather than gel-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Wakabayashi
- Advanced Materials Division, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Company, Ltd. , Funabashi, Chiba 274-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Goto
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Dobashi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Maki
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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Kishore S, Chen Y, Ravindra P, Bhatia SR. The effect of particle-scale dynamics on the macroscopic properties of disk-shaped colloid–polymer systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Mancini DC, Ilavsky J. Simultaneous multiplexed materials characterization using a high-precision hard X-ray micro-slit array. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:653-60. [PMID: 25931081 PMCID: PMC4786085 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515005378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The needs both for increased experimental throughput and for in operando characterization of functional materials under increasingly realistic experimental conditions have emerged as major challenges across the whole of crystallography. A novel measurement scheme that allows multiplexed simultaneous measurements from multiple nearby sample volumes is presented. This new approach enables better measurement statistics or direct probing of heterogeneous structure, dynamics or elemental composition. To illustrate, the submicrometer precision that optical lithography provides has been exploited to create a multiplexed form of ultra-small-angle scattering based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS) using micro-slit arrays fabricated by photolithography. Multiplexed USAXS-XPCS is applied to follow the equilibrium dynamics of a simple colloidal suspension. While the dependence of the relaxation time on momentum transfer, and its relationship with the diffusion constant and the static structure factor, follow previous findings, this measurements-in-parallel approach reduces the statistical uncertainties of this photon-starved technique to below those associated with the instrument resolution. More importantly, we note the potential of the multiplexed scheme to elucidate the response of different components of a heterogeneous sample under identical experimental conditions in simultaneous measurements. In the context of the X-ray synchrotron community, this scheme is, in principle, applicable to all in-line synchrotron techniques. Indeed, it has the potential to open a new paradigm for in operando characterization of heterogeneous functional materials, a situation that will be even further enhanced by the ongoing development of multi-bend achromat storage ring designs as the next evolution of large-scale X-ray synchrotron facilities around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Derrick C. Mancini
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Joshi YM. A model for aging under deformation field, residual stresses and strains in soft glassy materials. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:3198-3214. [PMID: 25760675 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A model is proposed that considers aging and rejuvenation in a soft glassy material as, respectively, a decrease and an increase in free energy. The aging term is weighted by an inverse of characteristic relaxation time suggesting that greater mobility of the constituents induces faster aging in a material. A dependence of relaxation time on free energy is proposed, which under quiescent conditions leads to a power law dependence of relaxation time on waiting time as observed experimentally. The model considers two cases, namely, a constant modulus when aging is entropy controlled and a time dependent modulus. In the former and the latter cases the model has, respectively, two and three experimentally measurable parameters that are physically meaningful. Overall, the model predicts how the material undergoes aging and approaches a rejuvenated state under the application of a deformation field. In particular, the model proposes distinctions between various kinds of rheological effects for different combinations of parameters. Interestingly, when the relaxation time evolution is stronger than linear, the model predicts various features observed in soft glassy materials such as thixotropic and constant yield stress, thixotropic shear banding, and the presence of residual stress and strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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35
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de Melo Marques FA, Angelini R, Zaccarelli E, Farago B, Ruta B, Ruocco G, Ruzicka B. Structural and microscopic relaxations in a colloidal glass. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:466-471. [PMID: 25406421 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aging dynamics of a colloidal glass has been studied by multiangle dynamic light scattering, neutron spin echo, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The two relaxation processes, microscopic (fast) and structural (slow), have been investigated in an unprecedentedly wide range of time and length scales covering both ergodic and nonergodic regimes. The microscopic relaxation time remains diffusive at all length scales across the glass transition scaling with wavevector Q as Q(-2). The length-scale dependence of structural relaxation time changes from diffusive, characterized by a Q(-2)-dependence in the early stages of aging, to a Q(-1)-dependence in the full aging regime which marks a discontinuous hopping dynamics. Both regimes are associated with a stretched behaviour of the correlation functions. We expect these findings to provide a general description of both relaxations across the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Augusto de Melo Marques
- Center for Life Nano Science, IIT@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy.
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36
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Khan M, Mason TG. Trajectories of probe spheres in generalized linear viscoelastic complex fluids. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9073-9081. [PMID: 25259775 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a fast simulation that generates a random walk of an isolated probe sphere in a generalized linear viscoelastic complex fluid over a highly extended dynamic range. We introduce a coupled harmonically bound Brownian particle (c-HBBP) model, in which the relaxation modes of the viscoelastic medium are treated as harmonic wells. These wells are coupled to the probe sphere and perform Brownian motion in bound harmonic potentials corresponding to the next-longer relaxation mode, according to the relaxation spectrum of the viscoelastic material. We implement this c-HBBP model by generating variable temporal step sizes that have a uniform distribution in logarithmic time. We create and analyze trajectories for several different viscoelastic complex fluids: a polymer system at its gel point, a dense emulsion system, a blend of two monodisperse polystyrene polymers for which the relaxation spectrum has been measured, and a model anisotropic soft system that shows dense emulsion-like and gel-point behaviors along two orthogonal directions. Except for unusual viscoelastic materials, such as the polymer system at its gel point, the generated trajectories are neither self-similar nor self-affine. The resulting mean square displacements predicted by the c-HBBP model are consistent with the single-particle generalized Stokes-Einstein relation of linear passive microrheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Khan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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37
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Angelini R, Madsen A, Fluerasu A, Ruocco G, Ruzicka B. Aging behavior of the localization length in a colloidal glass. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Jang WS, Koo P, Bryson K, Narayanan S, Sandy A, Russell TP, Mochrie SG. Dynamics of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles within Polystyrene Melts. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500956b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sik Jang
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, Sloane Physics
Lab, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Peter Koo
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, Sloane Physics
Lab, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kyle Bryson
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Sector 8,
Building 432E, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alec Sandy
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Sector 8,
Building 432E, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9263, United States
| | - Simon G. Mochrie
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, Sloane Physics
Lab, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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39
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Kawasaki T, Tanaka H. Structural evolution in the aging process of supercooled colloidal liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062315. [PMID: 25019784 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When a liquid is rapidly quenched to a temperature below the glass-transition point, it is driven out of equilibrium; it then slowly relaxes to a (quasi)equilibrium state. This slow relaxation process is called aging. By definition, any glasses are inevitably in the process of aging and actually slowly evolving with time. Thus the study of aging phenomena is of fundamental importance for understanding not only the nonequilibrium nature of the glass transition, but also the stability of glassy materials. Here we consider aging after a rather shallow quench, for which a system is still able to reach (metastable) equilibrium. By using polydisperse colloidal liquids as a model, we show the validity of dynamical scaling that there is only one relevant length scale not only for a quasiequilibrium supercooled state but also for a nonequilibrium process of aging, which is reminiscent of dynamical critical phenomena. Our finding indicates that the aging toward (metastable) equilibrium may be regarded as the growth process of critical-like fluctuations of static order associated with low-free-energy configurations, further suggesting that this ordering is the origin of cooperative slow dynamics in the systems studied. The generality of this statement for other glass-forming systems remains for a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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40
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Saha D, Joshi YM, Bandyopadhyay R. Investigation of the dynamical slowing down process in soft glassy colloidal suspensions: comparisons with supercooled liquids. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3292-3300. [PMID: 24637644 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The primary and secondary relaxation timescales of aging colloidal suspensions of Laponite are estimated from intensity autocorrelation functions obtained in dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. The dynamical slowing down of these relaxation processes are compared with observations in fragile supercooled liquids by establishing a one-to-one mapping between the waiting time since filtration of a Laponite suspension and the inverse of the temperature of a supercooled liquid that is rapidly quenched towards its glass transition temperature. New timescales associated with primary and secondary relaxation processes, such as the characteristic timescale associated with the slowdown of the secondary relaxation process and the glass transition time, are extracted to describe the phenomenon of dynamical arrest in Laponite suspensions. In results that are strongly reminiscent of those extracted from supercooled liquids approaching their glass transitions, it is demonstrated that a strong coupling exists between the primary and secondary relaxation processes of aging Laponite suspensions in the cage-forming regime. Furthermore, the experimental data presented here clearly demonstrate the self-similar nature of the aging dynamics of Laponite suspensions within a range of sample concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Saha
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080, India.
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41
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Hoshino T, Murakami D, Tanaka Y, Takata M, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Dynamical crossover between hyperdiffusion and subdiffusion of polymer-grafted nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:032602. [PMID: 24125287 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.032602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical behavior of polystyrene-grafted silica nanoparticles dispersed in an atactic polystyrene matrix was studied using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The time-autocorrelation functions were subjected to fitting analyses based on continuous-time random walk models. The nanoparticles exhibited non-Brownian behavior, and as the temperature increased, the crossover from hyperdiffusion to subdiffusion occurred at 1.25T_{g}, where T_{g} is the glass transition temperature of the matrix polystyrene. Hyperdiffusive behavior is caused by the dynamical heterogeneity of the polymer matrix associated with the glass transition. When the temperature was higher than 1.25T_{g}, the interaction of the grafted polymers with the polymer matrix became relatively significant, and caused a dramatic change in the dynamical behavior of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hoshino
- ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, CE80, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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42
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Klajner P, Kaloun S, Münch JP, Hébraud P. Restricted diffusion of small probe particles in a laponite dispersion. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:032308. [PMID: 24125269 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.032308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Evanescent wave microscopy is used to study the dynamics of probe particles inside a laponite suspension, when the size of the latex probes is of the order of the diameter of the laponite disks. A correlation procedure is introduced that allows us to study quantitatively the diffusion of small probes. For all studied sizes, the motion exhibits two modes: a fast relaxation mode and a slow relaxation mode. In the fast relaxation mode, the probes diffuse in a viscous medium, whose viscosity does not depend on the diameter of the probes and is slightly larger than the viscosity of water. Then, the diffusion of the particles is restricted over distances larger than their diameters, which increase when the particle diameter decreases. In this regime, the probe particles experience the elasticity of the solution and the apparent elastic modulus increases when the diameter of the probe particle increases, whereas for large enough particles, the macroscopic behavior is recovered, in which the diffusing particles experience a homogeneous medium, and the macroscopic elastic modulus is recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klajner
- IPCMS/CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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43
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Ilavsky J, Long GG. Structure and dynamics studies of concentrated micrometer-sized colloidal suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1379-1387. [PMID: 23294392 DOI: 10.1021/la3044768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the structural and dynamical properties of concentrated suspensions of different sized polystyrene microspheres dispersed in glycerol for volume fraction concentrations between 10% and 20%. The static structure, probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, shows a behavior very similar to that of hard spheres. The equilibrium dynamics is probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, a new technique that overcomes the limits of visible light-scattering techniques imposed by multiple scattering and is suitable for studies of optically opaque materials containing micrometer-sized structures. We found that the intensity autocorrelation functions are better described by a stretched exponential function and microspheres in a concentrated suspension move collectively. We also found that the inverse of the effective diffusion coefficients displays a peak with respect to the scattering vector that resembles the peaks in the static structure factors, which indicates that a long-lived, low free-energy state exists. The relaxation time is approximately inversely related to scattering vector, a behavior consistent with models that describe the dynamics in terms of random, local structural arrangements in disordered media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
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44
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Lee JY, Hwang JW, Jung HW, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Yoon K, Weitz DA. Fast dynamics and relaxation of colloidal drops during the drying process using multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:861-866. [PMID: 23281633 DOI: 10.1021/la3046059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fast dynamics generated by the Brownian motion of particles in colloidal drops, and the related relaxation during drying, which play key roles in suspension systems, were investigated incorporating multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS). MSDWS equipment was implemented to analyze the relaxation properties of suspensions under a nonergodic and nonstationary drying process, which cannot be elucidated by conventional light scattering methods, such as dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy. Rapid particle movement can be identified by the characteristic relaxation time, which is closely related to the Brownian motion due to thermal fluctuations of the particles. In the compacting stage of the drying process, the characteristic relaxation time increased gradually with the drying time because the particles in the colloidal drop were constrained by themselves. Moreover, variations of the initial concentration and particle size considerably affected the complete drying time and characteristic relaxation time, producing a shorter relaxation time for a low concentrated suspension with small particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Warren M, Rottler J. Quench, equilibration, and subaging in structural glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:025501. [PMID: 23383913 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.025501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the glassy state, all materials undergo a process of structural recovery as they age towards equilibrium. The resultant increase of relaxation times t(α) is frequently described with a sublinear power of the wait time t(w)(μ) with an apparent aging exponent μ. We show with molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones glass former at various temperatures that the observed aging exponent can be strongly influenced by crossover effects from the freshly quenched state at short t(w) and into the equilibrated state at long t(w). The aging behavior on the molecular level is quantitatively reproduced by a coarse-grained continuous time random walk description over the entire range of temperatures and wait times. Our model glass always shows normal aging, t(α)∼t(w), when the observation time window is no longer affected by crossover effects, in agreement with the well-known trap model of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Warren
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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46
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Hunter GL, Weeks ER. The physics of the colloidal glass transition. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:066501. [PMID: 22790649 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As one increases the concentration of a colloidal suspension, the system exhibits a dramatic increase in viscosity. Beyond a certain concentration, the system is said to be a colloidal glass; structurally, the system resembles a liquid, yet motions within the suspension are slow enough that it can be considered essentially frozen. For several decades, colloids have served as a valuable model system for understanding the glass transition in molecular systems. The spatial and temporal scales involved allow these systems to be studied by a wide variety of experimental techniques. The focus of this review is the current state of understanding of the colloidal glass transition, with an emphasis on experimental observations. A brief introduction is given to important experimental techniques used to study the glass transition in colloids. We describe features of colloidal systems near and in glassy states, including increases in viscosity and relaxation times, dynamical heterogeneity and ageing, among others. We also compare and contrast the glass transition in colloids to that in molecular liquids. Other glassy systems are briefly discussed, as well as recently developed synthesis techniques that will keep these systems rich with interesting physics for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Hunter
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Math and Science Center 400 Dowman Dr., N201 Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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47
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Shahin A, Joshi YM. Hyper-aging dynamics of nanoclay suspension. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5826-5833. [PMID: 22414339 DOI: 10.1021/la205153b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspension of nanoclay Laponite undergoes structural evolution as a function of time, which enhances its elasticity and relaxation time. In this work, we employ an effective time approach to investigate long-term relaxation dynamics by carrying out creep experiments. Typically, we observe that the monotonic evolution of elastic modulus shifts to lower aging times, while maxima in viscous moduli get progressively broader for experiments carried out on a later date after preparation (idle time) of the nanoclay suspension. Application of effective time theory produces a superposition of all the creep curves irrespective of their initial state. The resulting dependence of the relaxation time on aging time shows very strong hyper-aging dynamics at short idle times, which progressively weakens to demonstrate a linear dependence in the limit of very long idle times. Remarkably, this behavior of nanoclay suspensions is akin to that observed for polymeric glasses. Consideration of aging as a first-order process suggests that continued hyper-aging dynamics causes cessation of aging. The dependence of relaxation time on aging time, therefore, must attenuate eventually producing linear or weaker dependence on time in order to approach a progressively low-energy state in the limit of very long times as observed experimentally. We also develop a simple scaling model based on a concept of aging of an energy well, which qualitatively captures various experimental observations very well, leading to profound insight into the hyper-aging dynamics of nanoclay suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shahin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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48
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Nugroho F, Narumi T, Hidaka Y, Yoshitani J, Suzuki M, Kai S. Glassy dynamics in relaxation of soft-mode turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:030701. [PMID: 22587031 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The autocorrelation function of pattern fluctuation is used to study soft-mode turbulence (SMT), a spatiotemporal chaos observed in homeotropic nematics. We show that relaxation near the electroconvection threshold deviates from the exponential. To describe this relaxation, we propose a compressed exponential appearing in dynamics of glass-forming liquids. Our findings suggest that coherent motion contributes to SMT dynamics. We also confirmed that characteristic time is inversely proportional to electroconvection's control parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahrudin Nugroho
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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49
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Guo H, Ramakrishnan S, Harden JL, Leheny RL. Gel formation and aging in weakly attractive nanocolloid suspensions at intermediate concentrations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:154903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3653380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Erwin BM, Vlassopoulos D, Gauthier M, Cloitre M. Unique slow dynamics and aging phenomena in soft glassy suspensions of multiarm star polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:061402. [PMID: 21797359 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.061402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use time-resolved rheology to elucidate the slow dynamics and aging in highly concentrated suspensions of multiarm star polymers. The linear and nonlinear rheological properties exhibit a terminal regime corresponding to a well-defined maximal relaxation time. Terminal relaxation is driven by arm relaxation which speeds up the escape of stars from their cages. The fact that the system fully relaxes and flows at long times has important consequences. The yield stress only exists in the limited range of frequencies or shear rates where solid-like behavior is observed. Aging is controlled by the total time elapsed after flow cessation and not by the time elapsed from flow cessation to the beginning of the measurement as in other glassy materials. Our results, which demonstrate the importance of particle architecture with respect to glassy dynamics, should be generic for long hairy particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Erwin
- ESPCI ParisTech, Matière Molle et Chimie (UMR ESPCI-CNRS 7167), Paris, France
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