1
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Williams JR, Sackett CA, Ahlers H, Aveline DC, Boegel P, Botsi S, Charron E, Elliott ER, Gaaloul N, Giese E, Herr W, Kellogg JR, Kohel JM, Lay NE, Meister M, Müller G, Müller H, Oudrhiri K, Phillips L, Pichery A, Rasel EM, Roura A, Sbroscia M, Schleich WP, Schneider C, Schubert C, Sen B, Thompson RJ, Bigelow NP. Pathfinder experiments with atom interferometry in the Cold Atom Lab onboard the International Space Station. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6414. [PMID: 39138156 PMCID: PMC11322301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Deployment of ultracold atom interferometers (AI) into space will capitalize on quantum advantages and the extended freefall of persistent microgravity to provide high-precision measurement capabilities for gravitational, Earth, and planetary sciences, and to enable searches for subtle forces signifying physics beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model. NASA's Cold Atom Lab (CAL) operates onboard the International Space Station as a multi-user facility for fundamental studies of ultracold atoms and to mature space-based quantum technologies. We report on pathfinding experiments utilizing ultracold 87Rb atoms in the CAL AI. A three-pulse Mach-Zehnder interferometer was studied to understand the influence of ISS vibrations. Additionally, Ramsey shear-wave interferometry was used to manifest interference patterns in a single run that were observable for over 150 ms free-expansion time. Finally, the CAL AI was used to remotely measure the Bragg laser photon recoil as a demonstration of the first quantum sensor using matter-wave interferometry in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Williams
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA.
| | - Charles A Sackett
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Holger Ahlers
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - David C Aveline
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Patrick Boegel
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sofia Botsi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Eric Charron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ethan R Elliott
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Naceur Gaaloul
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Enno Giese
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Waldemar Herr
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - James R Kellogg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - James M Kohel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Norman E Lay
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Matthias Meister
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriel Müller
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kamal Oudrhiri
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Leah Phillips
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Annie Pichery
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, F-91405, Orsay, France
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ernst M Rasel
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, QUEST-Leibniz Research School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Albert Roura
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matteo Sbroscia
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Wolfgang P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christian Schneider
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Christian Schubert
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bejoy Sen
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Robert J Thompson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Nicholas P Bigelow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Optics, Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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2
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Sabulsky DO, Junca J, Zou X, Bertoldi A, Prevedelli M, Beaufils Q, Geiger R, Landragin A, Bouyer P, Canuel B. Multiphoton Atom Interferometry via Cavity-Enhanced Bragg Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213601. [PMID: 38856273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel atom interferometer configuration that combines large momentum transfer with the enhancement of an optical resonator for the purpose of measuring gravitational strain in the horizontal directions. Using Bragg diffraction and taking advantage of the optical gain provided by the resonator, we achieve momentum transfer up to 8ℏk with mW level optical power in a cm-sized resonating waist. Importantly, our experiment uses an original resonator design that allows for a large resonating beam waist and eliminates the need to trap atoms in cavity modes. We demonstrate inertial sensitivity in the horizontal direction by measuring the change in tilt of our resonator. This result paves the way for future hybrid atom or optical gravitational wave detectors. Furthermore, the versatility of our method extends to a wide range of measurement geometries and atomic sources, opening up new avenues for the realization of highly sensitive inertial atom sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Sabulsky
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - J Junca
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - X Zou
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A Bertoldi
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Prevedelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Q Beaufils
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - R Geiger
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - A Landragin
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - P Bouyer
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - B Canuel
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux-IOGS-CNRS:UMR 5298, rue F. Mitterrand, F-33400 Talence, France
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3
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Yang Y, Zhang T, Cheng Y, Deng X, Zhou M, Hu Z, Luo Q, Chen L. Effect of atom diffusion on the efficiency of Bragg diffraction in atom interferometers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:43462-43476. [PMID: 38178439 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The transition efficiency of atomic Bragg diffraction as mirrors and beam splitters in Bragg atom interferometers plays an essential role in impacting the fringe contrast and measurement sensitivity. This can be attributed to the properties of atomic sources, Bragg pulse shapes, the pulse duration, and the relative position deviation of the atoms and Bragg pulses. Here, we investigate the effect of the atomic source's diffusion and velocity width on the efficiency of Bragg diffraction of the moving cold atomic cloud. The transfer efficiency of Bragg mirrors and beam splitters are numerically simulated and experimentally measured, which are well consistent in comparison. We quantify these effects of atomic diffusion and velocity width and precisely compute how Bragg pulses' efficiencies vary as functions of these parameters. Our results and methodology allow us to optimize the Bragg pulses at different atomic sources and will help in the design of large momentum transfer mirrors and beam splitters in atom interferometry experiments.
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4
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Saywell JC, Carey MS, Light PS, Szigeti SS, Milne AR, Gill KS, Goh ML, Perunicic VS, Wilson NM, Macrae CD, Rischka A, Everitt PJ, Robins NP, Anderson RP, Hush MR, Biercuk MJ. Enhancing the sensitivity of atom-interferometric inertial sensors using robust control. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7626. [PMID: 37993456 PMCID: PMC10665367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atom-interferometric quantum sensors could revolutionize navigation, civil engineering, and Earth observation. However, operation in real-world environments is challenging due to external interference, platform noise, and constraints on size, weight, and power. Here we experimentally demonstrate that tailored light pulses designed using robust control techniques mitigate significant error sources in an atom-interferometric accelerometer. To mimic the effect of unpredictable lateral platform motion, we apply laser-intensity noise that varies up to 20% from pulse-to-pulse. Our robust control solution maintains performant sensing, while the utility of conventional pulses collapses. By measuring local gravity, we show that our robust pulses preserve interferometer scale factor and improve measurement precision by 10× in the presence of this noise. We further validate these enhancements by measuring applied accelerations over a 200 μg range up to 21× more precisely at the highest applied noise level. Our demonstration provides a pathway to improved atom-interferometric inertial sensing in real-world settings.
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5
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Salvi L, Cacciapuoti L, Tino GM, Rosi G. Atom Interferometry with Rb Blue Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:103401. [PMID: 37739366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel scheme for Raman-pulse and Bragg-pulse atom interferometry based on the 5S-6P blue transitions of ^{87}Rb that provides an increase by a factor ∼2 of the interferometer phase due to accelerations with respect to the commonly used infrared transition at 780 nm. A narrow-linewidth laser system generating more than 1 W of light in the 420-422 nm range was developed for this purpose. Used as a cold-atom gravity gradiometer, our Raman interferometer attains a stability to differential acceleration measurements of 1×10^{-8} g at 1 s and 2×10^{-10} g after 2000 s of integration time. When operated on first-order Bragg transitions, the interferometer shows a stability of 6×10^{-8} g at 1 s, averaging to 1×10^{-9} g after 2000 s of integration time. The instrument sensitivity, currently limited by the noise due to spontaneous emission, can be further improved by increasing the laser power and the detuning from the atomic resonance. The present scheme is attractive for high-precision experiments as, in particular, for the determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Salvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - L Cacciapuoti
- European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - G M Tino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G Rosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS, Università di Firenze, INFN Sezione di Firenze, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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6
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Vovrosh J, Dragomir A, Stray B, Boddice D. Advances in Portable Atom Interferometry-Based Gravity Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7651. [PMID: 37688106 PMCID: PMC10490657 DOI: 10.3390/s23177651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Gravity sensing is a valuable technique used for several applications, including fundamental physics, civil engineering, metrology, geology, and resource exploration. While classical gravimeters have proven useful, they face limitations, such as mechanical wear on the test masses, resulting in drift, and limited measurement speeds, hindering their use for long-term monitoring, as well as the need to average out microseismic vibrations, limiting their speed of data acquisition. Emerging sensors based on atom interferometry for gravity measurements could offer promising solutions to these limitations, and are currently advancing towards portable devices for real-world applications. This article provides a brief state-of-the-art review of portable atom interferometry-based quantum sensors and provides a perspective on routes towards improved sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Vovrosh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.V.)
- QinetiQ, Malvern Technology Centre, St. Andrews Road, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3PS, UK
| | - Andrei Dragomir
- Aquark Technologies, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey SO51 9AQ, UK
| | - Ben Stray
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.V.)
| | - Daniel Boddice
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Wang Y, Du H, Li Y, Mei F, Hu Y, Xiao L, Ma J, Jia S. Testing universality of Feynman-Tan relation in interacting Bose gases using high-order Bragg spectra. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 36854664 PMCID: PMC9975228 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Feynman-Tan relation, obtained by combining the Feynman energy relation with the Tan's two-body contact, can explain the excitation spectra of strongly interacting 39K Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Since the shift of excitation resonance in the Feynman-Tan relation is inversely proportional to atomic mass, the test of whether this relation is universal for other atomic systems is significant for describing the effect of interaction in strongly correlated Bose gases. Here we measure the high-momentum excitation spectra of 133Cs BEC with widely tunable interactions by using the second- and third-order Bragg spectra. We observe the backbending of frequency shift of excitation resonance with increasing interaction, and even the shift changes its sign under the strong interactions in the high-order Bragg spectra. Our finding shows good agreement with the prediction based on the Feynman-Tan relation. Our results provide significant insights for understanding the profound properties of strongly interacting Bose gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huiying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, China.
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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8
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Robust Optimized Pulse Schemes for Atomic Fountain Interferometry. ATOMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The robustness of an atomic fountain interferometer with respect to variations in the initial velocity of the atoms and deviations from the optimal pulse amplitude is examined. We numerically simulate the dynamics of an interferometer in momentum space with a maximum separation of 20ℏk and map out the expected signal contrast depending on the variance of the initial velocity distribution and the value of the laser field amplitude. We show that an excitation scheme based on rapid adiabatic passage significantly enhances the expected signal contrast, compared to the commonly used scheme consisting of a series of π/2 and π pulses. We demonstrate further substantial increase of the robustness by using optimal control theory to identify splitting and swapping pulses that perform well on an ensemble average of pulse amplitudes and velocities. Our results demonstrate the ability of optimal control to significantly enhance future implementations of atomic fountain interferometry.
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9
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Wilkason T, Nantel M, Rudolph J, Jiang Y, Garber BE, Swan H, Carman SP, Abe M, Hogan JM. Atom Interferometry with Floquet Atom Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:183202. [PMID: 36374679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Floquet engineering offers a compelling approach for designing the time evolution of periodically driven systems. We implement a periodic atom-light coupling to realize Floquet atom optics on the strontium ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition. These atom optics reach pulse efficiencies above 99.4% over a wide range of frequency offsets between light and atomic resonance, even under strong driving where this detuning is on the order of the Rabi frequency. Moreover, we use Floquet atom optics to compensate for differential Doppler shifts in large momentum transfer atom interferometers and achieve state-of-the-art momentum separation in excess of 400 ℏk. This technique can be applied to any two-level system at arbitrary coupling strength, with broad application in coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilkason
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Megan Nantel
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jan Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yijun Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin E Garber
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hunter Swan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel P Carman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mahiro Abe
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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10
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Akbari K, Di Giulio V, García de Abajo FJ. Optical manipulation of matter waves. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2659. [PMID: 36260664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Light is used to steer the motion of atoms in free space, enabling cooling and trapping of matter waves through ponderomotive forces and Doppler-mediated photon scattering. Likewise, light interaction with free electrons has recently emerged as a versatile approach to modulate the electron wave function for applications in ultrafast electron microscopy. Here, we combine these two worlds, theoretically demonstrating that matter waves can be optically manipulated via inelastic interactions with optical fields. This allows us to modulate the translational part of the wave function and produce temporally and spatially compressed atomic beam pulses. We realize such modulation through stimulated photon absorption and emission by atoms traversing phase-matching evanescent optical fields generated upon light scattering by a nanostructure and via stimulated Compton scattering in free space without any assistance from material media. Our results support optical manipulation of matter waves as a powerful tool for microscopy, spectroscopy, and exploration of fundamental phenomena associated with light-atom interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Akbari
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valerio Di Giulio
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Dutta P, Maurya SS, Patel K, Biswas K, Mangaonkar J, Sarkar S, D. Rapol U. A Decade of Advancement of Quantum Sensing and Metrology in India Using Cold Atoms and Ions. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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12
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Liu Q, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xu Z. 725 nm watt-level injection-locked continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser for a mercury optical lattice clock. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:10750-10755. [PMID: 35200942 DOI: 10.1364/ao.445703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop a watt-level 725 nm continuous-wave tunable narrow linewidth injection-locked Ti:sapphire laser. The seed laser is frequency-locked on a Fabry-Perot cavity to narrow the linewidth and stabilize the frequency. Because the wavelength of the seed laser is located at the edge of the gain profile of the Ti:sapphire crystal, it is difficult to injection-lock the Ti:sapphire laser at 725 nm. A cavity mirror, which has a long-pass-filter coating with a sharp edge, is used in the Ti:sapphire cavity to suppress mode competition from the long wavelength side. This method effectively reduces the power requirement of the seed laser at 725 nm, and the Ti:sapphire laser can be injection-locked at higher output power. As a result, a 1 W output power with a 27% slope efficiency is achieved in the injection-locked laser, and a 210 mW UV laser is obtained in a subsequent second-harmonic generation stage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest wavelength for the watt-level injection-locked continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser. This laser will be used in a mercury optical lattice clock in the future.
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13
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Zhang H, Ren X, Yan W, Cheng Y, Zhou H, Gao Z, Luo Q, Zhou M, Hu Z. Effects related to the temperature of atoms in an atom interferometry gravimeter based on ultra-cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:30007-30019. [PMID: 34614733 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature of atoms, coupled to several effects, plays an important role in high precision atom interferometry gravimeters. In this work, we present an ultra-cold 87Rb atom interferometry gravimeter, in which the atom source is produced by evaporative cooling in an all optical dipole trap to investigate the effects related to atom temperature. A condensate containing 4 × 104 atoms can be prepared within 3.2 s through an all-optical dipole trap composed of two reservoirs and a dimple. The fringe contrast of our atom interferometry gravimeter reaches up to 76(4)% due to the advantage of ultra-cold atom source even at a free evolution time of T=80 ms. A resolution of 6 μGal (1 μGal=1×10-8 m/s2) after 3000 s integration time with a sampling rate of 0.25 Hz is achieved in this atom gravimeter. The relationship between the fringe contrast and the atom temperature in the atom gravimeter is studied; in addition, the wavefront aberration effect in the atom gravimeter is also investigated by varying the temperature of atoms.
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14
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Abstract
The sensitivity of light and matter-wave interferometers to rotations is based on the Sagnac effect and increases with the area enclosed by the interferometer. In the case of light, the latter can be enlarged by forming multiple fibre loops, whereas the equivalent for matter-wave interferometers remains an experimental challenge. We present a concept for a multi-loop atom interferometer with a scalable area formed by light pulses. Our method will offer sensitivities as high as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$2\times 10^{-11}$$\end{document}2×10-11 rad/s at 1 s in combination with the respective long-term stability as required for Earth rotation monitoring.
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15
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High Sensitivity Multi-Axes Rotation Sensing Using Large Momentum Transfer Point Source Atom Interferometry. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A point source interferometer (PSI) is a device where atoms are split and recombined by applying a temporal sequence of Raman pulses during the expansion of a cloud of cold atoms behaving approximately as a point source. The PSI can work as a sensitive multi-axes gyroscope that can automatically filter out the signal from accelerations. The phase shift arising from the rotations is proportional to the momentum transferred to each atom from the Raman pulses. Therefore, by increasing the momentum transfer, it should be possible to enhance the sensitivity of the PSI. Here, we investigate the degree of enhancement in sensitivity that could be achieved by augmenting the PSI with large momentum transfer (LMT) employing a sequence of many Raman pulses with alternating directions. We analyze how factors such as Doppler detuning, spontaneous emission, and the finite initial size of the atomic cloud compromise the advantage of LMT and how to find the optimal momentum transfer under these limitations, with both the semi-classical model and a model under which the motion of the center of mass of each atom is described quantum mechanically. We identify a set of realistic parameters for which LMT can improve the PSI by a factor of nearly 40.
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16
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Beyer M, Roth JC, Edwards E, DeMille D. Frequency-doubled Nd:YAG MOPA laser system with programmable rectangular pulses up to 200 microseconds. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:20370-20378. [PMID: 34266127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.427832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A compact frequency-doubled diode-pumped Nd:YAG master-oscillator power-amplifier laser system with programmable microsecond pulse length has been developed. Analog pulse shaping of the output from a single-frequency continuous-wave Nd:YAG oscillator, and subsequent amplification, allowed the generation of rectangular pulses with pulse lengths on the order of the Nd:YAG fluorescence lifetime. Temporally flat-top pulses of 1064 nm light with 520 mJ pulse energy, 2.6 kW peak power, and 200 μs duration, with linewidth below 10 kHz, were obtained at a repetition rate of 2 Hz. Second harmonic generation in a LBO crystal yielded pulses of 262 mJ and 1.3 kW peak power at 532 nm. The peak power can be maintained within 2.9% over the duration of the laser pulse, and long-term intensity stability of 1.1% was observed. The spatially flat-top beam at 1064 nm used in the amplifier is converted to a Gaussian beam at 532 nm with beam quality factor M2 = 1.41(14) during the second harmonic generation. This system has potential as a pump source for Ti:sapphire, dye, or optical parametric amplifiers to generate tunable high-power single-frequency radiation for applications in precision measurements and laser slowing.
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17
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Takano T, Ogawa H, Ohae C, Katsuragawa M. 10 W injection-locked single-frequency continuous-wave titanium:sapphire laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:6927-6934. [PMID: 33726203 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-power tunable lasers with good longitudinal and transverse modes are fundamental tools for exploring quantum physics. Here we report a high-power continuous-wave injection-locked titanium:sapphire laser with a low-loss cavity configuration, where only a laser crystal was installed in the laser cavity. Although the transverse mode was affected by a thermal lens formed in the laser crystal, the focal length of the thermal lens could be shifted via the temperature of the laser crystal holder or the pump power. As a result, we found a condition that 10 W single-frequency oscillation with a good transverse mode and a slope efficiency of 51% were achieved.
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18
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Determination of the fine-structure constant with an accuracy of 81 parts per trillion. Nature 2020; 588:61-65. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Brand C, Kiałka F, Troyer S, Knobloch C, Simonović K, Stickler BA, Hornberger K, Arndt M. Bragg Diffraction of Large Organic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:033604. [PMID: 32745420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.033604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate Bragg diffraction of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and the dye molecule phthalocyanine at a thick optical grating. The observed patterns show a single dominant diffraction order with the expected dependence on the incidence angle as well as oscillating population transfer between the undiffracted and diffracted beams. We achieve an equal-amplitude splitting of 14ℏk (photon momenta) and maximum momentum transfer of 18ℏk. This paves the way for efficient, large-momentum beam splitters and mirrors for hot and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brand
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, Söflinger Straße 100, 89077 Ulm, Germany
| | - Filip Kiałka
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Troyer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knobloch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ksenija Simonović
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin A Stickler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Hornberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Rudolph J, Wilkason T, Nantel M, Swan H, Holland CM, Jiang Y, Garber BE, Carman SP, Hogan JM. Large Momentum Transfer Clock Atom Interferometry on the 689 nm Intercombination Line of Strontium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:083604. [PMID: 32167328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the first realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) clock atom interferometry. Using single-photon interactions on the strontium ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition, we demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometers with state-of-the-art momentum separation of up to 141 ℏk and gradiometers of up to 81 ℏk. Moreover, we circumvent excited state decay limitations and extend the gradiometer duration to 50 times the excited state lifetime. Because of the broad velocity acceptance of the interferometry pulses, all experiments are performed with laser-cooled atoms at a temperature of 3 μK. This work has applications in high-precision inertial sensing and paves the way for LMT-enhanced clock atom interferometry on even narrower transitions, a key ingredient in proposals for gravitational wave detection and dark matter searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Wilkason
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Megan Nantel
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hunter Swan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Connor M Holland
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yijun Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin E Garber
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel P Carman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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21
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Fonta FR, Marcum AS, Mawardi Ismail A, O'Hara KM. High-power, frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO 4 laser for use in lithium cold atom experiments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:33144-33158. [PMID: 31878389 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.033144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on an 888 nm-pumped Nd:GdVO4 ring laser operational over a wavelength range from 1340.3 nm to 1342.1 nm with a maximum output power of 7.4 W at 1341.2 nm and a beam quality parameter M2<1.1. To our knowledge this is the highest single-longitudinal-mode power obtained with a Nd:GdVO4 crystal laser. We use a commercial frequency-doubling cavity to achieve 1.2 W at 671.0 nm and 4.0 W at 670.6 nm for use in lithium cold atom experiments. Respectively, these wavelengths are approximately resonant with and 250 GHz blue-detuned from the lithium D-lines. Thus, this source provides ample power for laser cooling of lithium atoms while also offering substantial power for experiments requiring light 10's to 100's of GHz blue-detuned from the primary lithium transitions.
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22
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Shen Q, Cui XY, Yan MC, Eismann U, Yuan T, Zhang WZ, Peng CZ, Chen YA, Pan JW. 11-watt single-frequency 1342-nm laser based on multi-segmented Nd:YVO 4 crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31913-31925. [PMID: 31684414 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High power continuous-wave (CW) single-frequency 1342 nm lasers are of interest for fundamental research, particularly, for laser cooling of lithium atoms. Using the popular Nd:YVO4 laser crystal requires careful heat management, because strong thermal effects in the gain medium are the most severe limitations of output power. Here, we present a multi-segmented Nd:YVO4 crystal design that consists of three segments with successive doping concentrations, optimized using a theoretical model. In order to quantify the optimization, we measured the thermal lens power of conventional crystal designs and compare them to our multi-segmented design. The optimized design displays a two times lower thermal lens dioptric power for the same amount of absorbed pump power in the non-lasing case. Using the optimized design, we demonstrate a high power all-solid-state laser emitting 10.0 W single-frequency radiation at 1342 nm when operating the laser crystal at room temperature. Further integration of the laser allows us to operate the laser crystal below room temperature for improving output power up to 11.4 W at 8°C. This is explained by the reduction of energy-transfer upconversion and excited-state absorption effects. Stable free-running operation at the low temperature of 8 °C is achieved with the power stability of ± 0.42 % by peak-to-peak fluctuation and frequency peak-to-peak fluctuation of ± 72 MHz in three hours.
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23
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Plotkin-Swing B, Gochnauer D, McAlpine KE, Cooper ES, Jamison AO, Gupta S. Three-Path Atom Interferometry with Large Momentum Separation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:133201. [PMID: 30312085 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the scale up of a symmetric three-path contrast interferometer to large momentum separation. The observed phase stability at separation of 112 photon recoil momenta exceeds the performance of earlier free-space interferometers. In addition to the symmetric interferometer geometry and Bose-Einstein condensate source, the robust scalability of our approach relies on the suppression of undesired diffraction phases through a careful choice of atom optics parameters. The interferometer phase evolution is quadratic with number of recoils, reaching a rate as high as 7×10^{7} rad/s. We discuss the applicability of our method towards a new measurement of the fine-structure constant and a test of QED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Gochnauer
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | - Eric S Cooper
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Alan O Jamison
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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24
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Cui J, Xu Y, Chen L, Qi K, Zhou M, Duan X, Hu Z. Time base evaluation for atom gravimeters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:083104. [PMID: 30184632 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Time is an inevitable quantity involved in absolute gravity measurements, and 10 MHz frequency standards are usually utilized as time base. Here we investigate the influence of time base bias on atom-interferometry-based gravity measurements and present an onsite calibration of the time base bias relying on an atom gravimeter itself. With a microwave source referenced to the time base, the time base bias leads to a magnified frequency shift of the microwave source output. The shift is then detected by Ramsey spectroscopy with the clock transition of 87Rb atoms as a frequency discriminator. Taking advantage of available free-fall cold atoms and developed techniques of measuring the atom energy level shift in atom gravimeters, the calibration achieves an accuracy of 0.6 mHz for the time base. And the corresponding error for gravity measurements is constrained to 0.1 μGal, meeting the requirement of state-of-the-art gravimeters. The presented evaluation is important for the applications of atom gravimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Minkang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jaffe M, Xu V, Haslinger P, Müller H, Hamilton P. Efficient Adiabatic Spin-Dependent Kicks in an Atom Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:040402. [PMID: 30095957 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an atom interferometry technique in which the beam splitter is split into two separate operations. A microwave pulse first creates a spin-state superposition, before optical adiabatic passage spatially separates the arms of that superposition. Despite using a thermal atom sample in a small (600 μm) interferometry beam, this procedure delivers an efficiency of 99% per ℏk of momentum separation. Utilizing this efficiency, we first demonstrate interferometry with up to 16ℏk momentum splitting and free-fall limited interrogation times. We then realize a single-source gradiometer, in which two interferometers measuring a relative phase originate from the same atomic wave function. Finally, we demonstrate a resonant interferometer with over 100 adiabatic passages, and thus over 400ℏk total momentum transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Jaffe
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Victoria Xu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Philipp Haslinger
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul Hamilton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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26
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Parker RH, Yu C, Zhong W, Estey B, Müller H. Measurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the Standard Model. Science 2018; 360:191-195. [PMID: 29650669 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the fine-structure constant α require methods from across subfields and are thus powerful tests of the consistency of theory and experiment in physics. Using the recoil frequency of cesium-133 atoms in a matter-wave interferometer, we recorded the most accurate measurement of the fine-structure constant to date: α = 1/137.035999046(27) at 2.0 × 10-10 accuracy. Using multiphoton interactions (Bragg diffraction and Bloch oscillations), we demonstrate the largest phase (12 million radians) of any Ramsey-Bordé interferometer and control systematic effects at a level of 0.12 part per billion. Comparison with Penning trap measurements of the electron gyromagnetic anomaly ge - 2 via the Standard Model of particle physics is now limited by the uncertainty in ge - 2; a 2.5σ tension rejects dark photons as the reason for the unexplained part of the muon's magnetic moment at a 99% confidence level. Implications for dark-sector candidates and electron substructure may be a sign of physics beyond the Standard Model that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Parker
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MC 7300, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MC 7300, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weicheng Zhong
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MC 7300, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brian Estey
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MC 7300, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MC 7300, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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27
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Salvi L, Poli N, Vuletić V, Tino GM. Squeezing on Momentum States for Atom Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:033601. [PMID: 29400516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a method that allows for the production of squeezed states of the atomic center-of-mass motion that can be injected into an atom interferometer. Our scheme employs dispersive probing in a ring resonator on a narrow transition in order to provide a collective measurement of the relative population of two momentum states. We show that this method is applicable to a Bragg diffraction-based strontium atom interferometer with large diffraction orders. This technique can be extended also to small diffraction orders and large atom numbers N by inducing atomic transparency at the frequency of the probe field, reaching an interferometer phase resolution scaling Δϕ∼N^{-3/4}. We show that for realistic parameters it is possible to obtain a 20 dB gain in interferometer phase estimation compared to the standard quantum limit. Our method is applicable to other atomic species where a narrow transition is available or can be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Salvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS-Università di Firenze, INFN-Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nicola Poli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS-Università di Firenze, INFN-Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Guglielmo M Tino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and LENS-Università di Firenze, INFN-Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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28
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Asenbaum P, Overstreet C, Kovachy T, Brown DD, Hogan JM, Kasevich MA. Phase Shift in an Atom Interferometer due to Spacetime Curvature across its Wave Function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:183602. [PMID: 28524681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spacetime curvature induces tidal forces on the wave function of a single quantum system. Using a dual light-pulse atom interferometer, we measure a phase shift associated with such tidal forces. The macroscopic spatial superposition state in each interferometer (extending over 16 cm) acts as a nonlocal probe of the spacetime manifold. Additionally, we utilize the dual atom interferometer as a gradiometer for precise gravitational measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Asenbaum
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chris Overstreet
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tim Kovachy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel D Brown
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Kasevich
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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29
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Geraci AA, Derevianko A. Sensitivity of Atom Interferometry to Ultralight Scalar Field Dark Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:261301. [PMID: 28059542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.261301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the use of atom interferometry as a tool to search for dark matter (DM) composed of virialized ultralight fields (VULFs). Previous work on VULF DM detection using accelerometers has considered the possibility of equivalence-principle-violating effects whereby gradients in the dark matter field can directly produce relative accelerations between media of differing composition. In atom interferometers, we find that time-varying phase signals induced by coherent oscillations of DM fields can also arise due to changes in the atom rest mass that can occur between light pulses throughout the interferometer sequence as well as changes in Earth's gravitational field. We estimate that several orders of magnitude of unexplored phase space for VULF DM couplings can be probed due to these new effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Geraci
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Andrei Derevianko
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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30
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Abend S, Gebbe M, Gersemann M, Ahlers H, Müntinga H, Giese E, Gaaloul N, Schubert C, Lämmerzahl C, Ertmer W, Schleich WP, Rasel EM. Atom-Chip Fountain Gravimeter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:203003. [PMID: 27886486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a quantum gravimeter by combining the advantages of an atom chip for the generation, delta-kick collimation, and coherent manipulation of freely falling Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with an innovative launch mechanism based on Bloch oscillations and double Bragg diffraction. Our high-contrast BEC interferometer realizes tens of milliseconds of free fall in a volume as little as a one centimeter cube and paves the way for measurements with sub-μGal accuracies in miniaturized, robust devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abend
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Gebbe
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Gersemann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ahlers
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Müntinga
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - E Giese
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - N Gaaloul
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schubert
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Lämmerzahl
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - W P Schleich
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study (TIAS), Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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31
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32
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Quantum superposition at the half-metre scale. Nature 2016; 528:530-3. [PMID: 26701053 DOI: 10.1038/nature16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The quantum superposition principle allows massive particles to be delocalized over distant positions. Though quantum mechanics has proved adept at describing the microscopic world, quantum superposition runs counter to intuitive conceptions of reality and locality when extended to the macroscopic scale, as exemplified by the thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat. Matter-wave interferometers, which split and recombine wave packets in order to observe interference, provide a way to probe the superposition principle on macroscopic scales and explore the transition to classical physics. In such experiments, large wave-packet separation is impeded by the need for long interaction times and large momentum beam splitters, which cause susceptibility to dephasing and decoherence. Here we use light-pulse atom interferometry to realize quantum interference with wave packets separated by up to 54 centimetres on a timescale of 1 second. These results push quantum superposition into a new macroscopic regime, demonstrating that quantum superposition remains possible at the distances and timescales of everyday life. The sub-nanokelvin temperatures of the atoms and a compensation of transverse optical forces enable a large separation while maintaining an interference contrast of 28 per cent. In addition to testing the superposition principle in a new regime, large quantum superposition states are vital to exploring gravity with atom interferometers in greater detail. We anticipate that these states could be used to increase sensitivity in tests of the equivalence principle, measure the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect, and eventually detect gravitational waves and phase shifts associated with general relativity.
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Koch P, Ruebel F, Bartschke J, L'huillier JA. 5.7 W cw single-frequency laser at 671 nm by single-pass second harmonic generation of a 17.2 W injection-locked 1342 nm Nd : YVO4 ring laser using periodically poled MgO : LiNbO3. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:9954-9959. [PMID: 26836563 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.009954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a continuous wave single-frequency laser at 671.1 nm based on a high-power 888 nm pumped Nd:YVO4 ring laser at 1342.2 nm. Unidirectional operation of the fundamental ring laser is achieved with the injection-locking technique. A Nd:YVO4 microchip laser serves as the injecting seed source, providing a tunable single-frequency power of up to 40 mW. The ring laser emits a single-frequency power of 17.2 W with a Gaussian beam profile and a beam propagation factor of M2<1.1. A 60-mm-long periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystal is used to generate the second harmonic in a single-pass scheme. Up to 5.7 W at 671.1 nm with a Gaussian shaped beam profile and a beam propagation factor of M2<1.2 are obtained, which is approximately twice the power of previously reported lasers. This work opens possibilities in cold atoms experiments with lithium, allowing the use of larger ensembles in magneto-optical traps or higher diffraction orders in atomic beam interferometers.
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Kotru K, Butts DL, Kinast JM, Stoner RE. Large-Area Atom Interferometry with Frequency-Swept Raman Adiabatic Passage. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:103001. [PMID: 26382675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate light-pulse atom interferometry with large-momentum-transfer atom optics based on stimulated Raman transitions and frequency-swept adiabatic rapid passage. Our atom optics have produced momentum splittings of up to 30 photon recoil momenta in an acceleration-sensitive interferometer for laser cooled atoms. We experimentally verify the enhancement of phase shift per unit acceleration and characterize interferometer contrast loss. By forgoing evaporative cooling and velocity selection, this method lowers the atom shot-noise-limited measurement uncertainty and enables large-area atom interferometry at higher data rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Kotru
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- The C. S. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - David L Butts
- The C. S. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joseph M Kinast
- The C. S. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Richard E Stoner
- The C. S. Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Estey B, Yu C, Müller H, Kuan PC, Lan SY. High-Resolution Atom Interferometers with Suppressed Diffraction Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:083002. [PMID: 26340186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically study the diffraction phase of large-momentum transfer beam splitters in atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction. We null the diffraction phase and increase the sensitivity of the interferometer by combining Bragg diffraction with Bloch oscillations. We demonstrate agreement between experiment and theory, and a 1500-fold reduction of the diffraction phase, limited by measurement noise. In addition to reduced systematic effects, our interferometer has high contrast with up to 4.4×10(6) radians of phase difference, and a resolution in the fine structure constant of δα/α=0.25 ppb in 25 h of integration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Estey
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MS 7300, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MS 7300, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MS 7300, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Pei-Chen Kuan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shau-Yu Lan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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36
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Coherence in the presence of absorption and heating in a molecule interferometer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7336. [PMID: 26066053 PMCID: PMC4477035 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Matter-wave interferometry can be used to probe the foundations of physics and to enable precise measurements of particle properties and fundamental constants. It relies on beam splitters that coherently divide the wave function. In atom interferometers, such elements are often realised using lasers by exploiting the dipole interaction or through photon absorption. It is intriguing to extend these ideas to complex molecules where the energy of an absorbed photon can rapidly be redistributed across many internal degrees of freedom. Here, we provide evidence that center-of-mass coherence can be maintained even when the internal energy and entropy of the interfering particle are substantially increased by absorption of photons from a standing light wave. Each photon correlates the molecular center-of-mass wave function with its internal temperature and splits it into a superposition with opposite momenta in addition to the beam-splitting action of the optical dipole potential.
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Hamilton P, Jaffe M, Brown JM, Maisenbacher L, Estey B, Müller H. Atom interferometry in an optical cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:100405. [PMID: 25815912 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a new scheme for atom interferometry, using light pulses inside an optical cavity as matter wave beam splitters. The cavity provides power enhancement, spatial filtering, and a precise beam geometry, enabling new techniques such as low power beam splitters (<100 μW), large momentum transfer beam splitters with modest power, or new self-aligned interferometer geometries utilizing the transverse modes of the optical cavity. As a first demonstration, we obtain Ramsey-Raman fringes with >75% contrast and measure the acceleration due to gravity, g, to 60 μg/sqrt[Hz] resolution in a Mach-Zehnder geometry. We use >10(7) cesium atoms in the compact mode volume (600 μm 1/e(2) waist) of the cavity and show trapping of atoms in higher transverse modes. This work paves the way toward compact, high sensitivity, multiaxis interferometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hamilton
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Matt Jaffe
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Justin M Brown
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lothar Maisenbacher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Brian Estey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holger Müller
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Bateman J, Nimmrichter S, Hornberger K, Ulbricht H. Near-field interferometry of a free-falling nanoparticle from a point-like source. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4788. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Hamilton P, Zhmoginov A, Robicheaux F, Fajans J, Wurtele JS, Müller H. Antimatter interferometry for gravity measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:121102. [PMID: 24724644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a light-pulse atom interferometer that is suitable for any species of atom and even for electrons and protons as well as their antiparticles, in particular, for testing the Einstein equivalence principle with antihydrogen. The design obviates the need for resonant lasers through far-off resonant Bragg beam splitters and makes efficient use of scarce atoms by magnetic confinement and atom recycling. We expect to reach an initial accuracy of better than 1% for the acceleration of the free fall of antihydrogen, which can be improved to the part-per million level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hamilton
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrey Zhmoginov
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Joel Fajans
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan S Wurtele
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holger Müller
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Machluf S, Japha Y, Folman R. Coherent Stern–Gerlach momentum splitting on an atom chip. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2424. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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41
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Eismann U, Bergschneider A, Sievers F, Kretzschmar N, Salomon C, Chevy F. 2.1-watts intracavity-frequency-doubled all-solid-state light source at 671 nm for laser cooling of lithium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:9091-9102. [PMID: 23571998 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.009091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an all-solid-state laser source emitting up to 2.1 W of single-frequency light at 671 nm developed for laser cooling of lithium atoms. It is based on a diode-pumped, neodymium-doped orthovanadate (Nd:YVO(4)) ring laser operating at 1342 nm. Optimization of the thermal management in the gain medium results in a maximum multi-frequency output power of 2.5 W at the fundamental wavelength. We develop a simple theory for the efficient implementation of intracavity second harmonic generation, and its application to our system allows us to obtain nonlinear conversion efficiencies of up to 88%. Single-mode operation and tuning is established by adding an etalon to the resonator. The second-harmonic wavelength can be tuned over 0.5 nm, and mode-hop-free scanning over more than 6 GHz is demonstrated, corresponding to around ten times the laser cavity free spectral range. The output frequency can be locked with respect to the lithium D-line transitions for atomic physics applications. Furthermore, we observe parametric Kerr-lens mode-locking when detuning the phase-matching temperature sufficiently far from the optimum value.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eismann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, UPMC, CNRS UMR 8552 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France.
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Haslinger P, Dörre N, Geyer P, Rodewald J, Nimmrichter S, Arndt M. A universal matter-wave interferometer with optical ionization gratings in the time-domain. NATURE PHYSICS 2013; 9:144-148. [PMID: 25983851 PMCID: PMC4430817 DOI: 10.1038/nphys2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Matter-wave interferometry with atoms1 and molecules2 has attracted a rapidly growing interest throughout the last two decades both in demonstrations of fundamental quantum phenomena and in quantum-enhanced precision measurements. Such experiments exploit the non-classical superposition of two or more position and momentum states which are coherently split and rejoined to interfere3-11. Here, we present the experimental realization of a universal near-field interferometer built from three short-pulse single-photon ionization gratings12,13. We observe quantum interference of fast molecular clusters, with a composite de Broglie wavelength as small as 275 fm. Optical ionization gratings are largely independent of the specific internal level structure and are therefore universally applicable to different kinds of nanoparticles, ranging from atoms to clusters, molecules and nanospheres. The interferometer is sensitive to fringe shifts as small as a few nanometers and yet robust against velocity-dependent phase shifts, since the gratings exist only for nanoseconds and form an interferometer in the time-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Haslinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Dörre
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Geyer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Rodewald
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Nimmrichter
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Debs
- Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Lan SY, Kuan PC, Estey B, English D, Brown JM, Hohensee MA, Müller H. A Clock Directly Linking Time to a Particle's Mass. Science 2013; 339:554-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1230767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Historically, time measurements have been based on oscillation frequencies in systems of particles, from the motion of celestial bodies to atomic transitions. Relativity and quantum mechanics show that even a single particle of mass m determines a Compton frequency ω0 = mc2/ℏ, where c is the speed of light and ℏ is Planck's constant h divided by 2π. A clock referenced to ω0 would enable high-precision mass measurements and a fundamental definition of the second. We demonstrate such a clock using an optical frequency comb to self-reference a Ramsey-Bordé atom interferometer and synchronize an oscillator at a subharmonic of ω0. This directly demonstrates the connection between time and mass. It allows measurement of microscopic masses with 4 × 10−9 accuracy in the proposed revision to SI units. Together with the Avogadro project, it yields calibrated kilograms.
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Sané SS, Bennetts S, Debs JE, Kuhn CCN, McDonald GD, Altin PA, Close JD, Robins NP. 11 W narrow linewidth laser source at 780 nm for laser cooling and manipulation of Rubidium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:8915-8919. [PMID: 22513602 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.008915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a narrow linewidth continuous laser source with over 11 W output power at 780 nm, based on single-pass frequency doubling of an amplified 1560 nm fibre laser with 36% efficiency. This source offers a combination of high power, simplicity, mode quality and stability. Without any active stabilization, the linewidth is measured to be below 10 kHz. The fibre seed is tunable over 60 GHz, which allows access to the D₂ transitions in ⁸⁷Rb and ⁸⁵Rb, providing a viable high-power source for laser cooling as well as for large-momentum-transfer beamsplitters in atom interferometry. Sources of this type will pave the way for a new generation of high flux, high duty-cycle degenerate quantum gas experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sané
- Quantum Sensors Lab, Department of Quantum Science, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
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47
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Lan SY, Kuan PC, Estey B, Haslinger P, Müller H. Influence of the Coriolis force in atom interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:090402. [PMID: 22463619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a light-pulse atom interferometer, we use a tip-tilt mirror to remove the influence of the Coriolis force from Earth's rotation and to characterize configuration space wave packets. For interferometers with a large momentum transfer and large pulse separation time, we improve the contrast by up to 350% and suppress systematic effects. We also reach what is to our knowledge the largest space-time area enclosed in any atom interferometer to date. We discuss implications for future high-performance instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Yu Lan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Chiow SW, Kovachy T, Chien HC, Kasevich MA. 102ℏk large area atom interferometers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:130403. [PMID: 22026831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate atom interferometers utilizing a novel beam splitter based on sequential multiphoton Bragg diffractions. With this sequential Bragg large momentum transfer (SB-LMT) beam splitter, we achieve high contrast atom interferometers with momentum splittings of up to 102 photon recoil momenta (102ℏk). To our knowledge, this is the highest momentum splitting achieved in any atom interferometer, advancing the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude. We also demonstrate strong noise correlation between two simultaneous SB-LMT interferometers, which alleviates the need for ultralow noise lasers and ultrastable inertial environments in some future applications. Our method is intrinsically scalable and can be used to dramatically increase the sensitivity of atom interferometers in a wide range of applications, including inertial sensing, measuring the fine structure constant, and detecting gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-wey Chiow
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, California 94305, USA
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Tackmann G, Gilowski M, Schubert C, Berg P, Wendrich T, Ertmer W, Rasel EM. Phase-locking of two self-seeded tapered amplifier lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:9258-9265. [PMID: 20588773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.009258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the phase-locking of two diode lasers based on self-seeded tapered amplifiers. In these lasers, a reduction of linewidth is achieved using narrow-band high-transmission interference filters for frequency selection. The lasers combine a compact design with a Lorentzian linewidth below 200 kHz at an output power of 300 mW for a wavelength of 780 nm. We characterize the phase noise of the phase-locked laser system and study its potential for coherent beam-splitting in atom interferometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tackmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
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A precision measurement of the gravitational redshift by the interference of matter waves. Nature 2010; 463:926-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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