1
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Wang TB, Zhou Y, Mu HQ, Shehzad K, Zhang DJ, Liu WX, Yu TB, Liao QH. Enhancement of lateral Casimir force on a rotating particle near hyperbolic metamaterial. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:245001. [PMID: 35235909 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac59e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of weak Casimir forces is extremely important for their practical detection and subsequent applications in variety of scientific and technological fields. We study the lateral Casimir forces acting on the rotating particles with small radius of 50 nm as well as that with large radius of 500 nm near the hyperbolic metamaterial made of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires. It is found that the lateral Casimir force acting on the small particle of 50 nm near hyperbolic metamaterial with appropriate filling fraction can be enhanced nearly four times comparing with that acting on the same particle near SiC bulk in the previous study. Such enhancement is caused by the coupling between the resonance mode excited by nanoparticle and the hyperbolic mode supported by hyperbolic metamaterial. The results obtained in this study provide an efficient method to enhance the interaction of nanoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Biao Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qian Mu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xing Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Bao Yu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Liao
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sloan J, Rivera N, Joannopoulos JD, Soljačić M. Casimir Light in Dispersive Nanophotonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:053603. [PMID: 34397241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-varying optical media, whose dielectric properties are actively modulated in time, introduce a host of novel effects in the classical propagation of light, and are of intense current interest. In the quantum domain, time-dependent media can be used to convert vacuum fluctuations (virtual photons) into pairs of real photons. We refer to these processes broadly as "dynamical vacuum effects" (DVEs). Despite interest for their potential applications as sources of quantum light, DVEs are generally very weak, presenting many opportunities for enhancement through modern techniques in nanophotonics, such as using media which support excitations such as plasmon and phonon polaritons. Here, we present a theory of weakly modulated DVEs in arbitrary nanostructured, dispersive, and dissipative systems. A key element of our framework is the simultaneous incorporation of time-modulation and "dispersion" through time-translation-breaking linear response theory. As an example, we use our approach to propose a highly efficient scheme for generating entangled surface polaritons based on time-modulation of the optical phonon frequency of a polar insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Sloan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D Joannopoulos
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Kim J, Rana AS, Kim Y, Kim I, Badloe T, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Rho J. Chiroptical Metasurfaces: Principles, Classification, and Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4381. [PMID: 34206760 PMCID: PMC8271883 DOI: 10.3390/s21134381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials, which show different optical behaviors when illuminated by left or right circularly polarized light due to broken mirror symmetry, have greatly impacted the field of optical sensing over the past decade. To improve the sensitivity of chiral sensing platforms, enhancing the chiroptical response is necessary. Metasurfaces, which are two-dimensional metamaterials consisting of periodic subwavelength artificial structures, have recently attracted significant attention because of their ability to enhance the chiroptical response by manipulating amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic fields. Here, we reviewed the fundamentals of chiroptical metasurfaces as well as categorized types of chiroptical metasurfaces by their intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. Finally, we introduced applications of chiral metasurfaces such as multiplexing metaholograms, metalenses, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Ahsan Sarwar Rana
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (A.S.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (A.S.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan; (A.S.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (J.K.); (Y.K.); (I.K.); (T.B.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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4
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Chen L, Chang K. Chiral-Anomaly-Driven Casimir-Lifshitz Torque between Weyl Semimetals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:047402. [PMID: 32794785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.047402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new mechanism to generate the Casimir-Lifshitz torque between Weyl semimetals arising from the chiral anomaly. For short distances ranging from a nanometer to a few tens of nanometers, chiral anomaly is manifested via a Casimir-Lifshitz torque ∼sin(θ) with θ being the twisting angle. As the distance between Weyl semimetals increases from a submicrometer to a few micrometers, chiral-anomaly-driven Casimir-Lifshitz torque between Weyl semimetals is remarkably large, which is comparable with that of conventional birefringent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Mathematics and Physics Department, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Chang
- SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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5
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Tang C, Chen F, Du J, Hou Y. Large-area cavity-enhanced 3D chiral metamaterials based on the angle-dependent deposition technique. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9162-9170. [PMID: 32297606 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large-area and high-performance chiral metamaterials are highly desired for practical applications, such as controlling the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave and enhancing the sensor sensitivity of chiral molecules. In this work, cavity-enhanced chiral metamaterials (CECMs) with a large area (1 cm2) have been fabricated by the convenient angle-dependent material deposition technique. The optimal chiral signal (g factor) resonance in the visible waveband can reach about 0.94 with a figure of merit (FOM) of about 5.2, which is about ten times larger than that of chiral metamaterials (CMs) without a cavity (i.e., a g factor of 0.094 with the FOM of about 1.12). Both the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the circular conversion components from the anisotropic geometry of CMs play a crucial role in the final chiroptical effect of CECM, which together with the cavity effect enhance both the chiroptical resonance intensity and FOM. Choosing the appropriate deposition parameters can effectively modify the geometric anisotropy of CM and thus the chiroptical effect of CECM. The geometric nanoscale morphology, electromagnetic properties and sensor performance were investigated carefully in this work. The fabricated CECM working in the visible waveband together with the cavity-enhanced scheme provides a competitive candidate for enhancing the performance and the practical applications of CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Tang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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6
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Ullah H, Abudukelimu A, Qu Y, Bai Y, Aba T, Zhang Z. Giant circular dichroism of chiral L-shaped nanostructure coupled with achiral nanorod: anomalous behavior of multipolar and dipolar resonant modes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:275205. [PMID: 32224509 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab84a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality, which has long been known as an intrinsic property of living organisms, has caught the interest of researchers due to the rapid emergence of chiral metamaterials. The chiroptical response of noble metal nanostructures in visible and near-infrared regions has been widely investigated. Herein, we propose a bilayer Ag metastructure, in which a chiral L-shaped nanostructure at the bottom is coupled with an achiral nanorod acquiring different positions in the top layer with respect to the long and/or short arm of the chiral L-shaped nanostructure at the bottom layer. The metastructure generates a giant circular dichroism (CD) signal resulting from the strong coupling of the multipolar and dipolar resonant modes on the two layers, in the visible and near-infrared regions. With changing the position of the achiral nanorod, an unusual reversal of the CD spectra is observed, along with a fourfold increase in CD intensity in the short wavelength range due to the multipolar resonant modes. The position of the achiral nanorod is tailored by the azimuthal angle of the substrate during the fabrication of the metastructure using the oblique angle deposition method. This study provides insights into the variation of the coupling strength between a chiral L-shaped nanostructure and an achiral nanorod. The results can be useful in designing chiral-achiral composite nanoantennas for sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ullah
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zeng R, Wang C, Zeng X, Li H, Yang S, Li Q, Yang Y. Casimir torque and force in anisotropic saturated ferrite three-layer structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:7425-7441. [PMID: 32225971 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the scattering formalism and transfer matrix method, we calculate the Casimir energy in multilayer system containing general anisotropic media and apply the result to the anisotropic saturated ferrite three-layer structure. We investigate the stable equilibrium resulting from repulsive Casimir force in the three-layer anisotropic ferrite structure, focusing on the control of the equilibrium position by means of the external magnetic field, which might provide possibility for Casimir actuation under external manipulation. Furthermore, we propose a Casimir torque switch where the torque acting on the intermediate layer can be switched on and off by tuning the relative orientation between the external magnetic fields applied on the outer ferrite layers. The relation between the feature of torque-off/torque-on state and the weak/strong anisotropy of the ferrite is studied. These findings suggest potential application of Casimir torque in, e.g., cooling the rotation of a thin slab in micromachining process via external magnetic field.
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8
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Zhao R, Li L, Yang S, Bao W, Xia Y, Ashby P, Wang Y, Zhang X. Stable Casimir equilibria and quantum trapping. Science 2019; 364:984-987. [PMID: 31171696 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Casimir interaction between two parallel metal plates in close proximity is usually thought of as an attractive interaction. By coating one object with a low-refractive index thin film, we show that the Casimir interaction between two objects of the same material can be reversed at short distances and preserved at long distances so that two objects can remain without contact at a specific distance. With such a stable Casimir equilibrium, we experimentally demonstrate passive Casimir trapping of an object in the vicinity of another at the nanometer scale, without requiring any external energy input. This stable Casimir equilibrium and quantum trapping can be used as a platform for a variety of applications such as contact-free nanomachines, ultrasensitive force sensors, and nanoscale manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkuo Zhao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Paul Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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9
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10
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Zhang Y, Shi L, Zhang RY, Duan J, Ng J, Chan CT, Fung KH. Metric-Torsion Duality of Optically Chiral Structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:200201. [PMID: 31172743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We develop a metric-torsion theory for chiral structures by using a generalized framework of transformation optics. We show that the chirality is uniquely determined by a metric with the local rotational degree of freedom. In analogy to the dislocation continuum, the chirality can be alternatively interpreted as the torsion tensor of a Riemann-Cartan space, which is mimicked by the anholonomy of the orthonormal basis. As a demonstration, we reveal the equivalence of typical three-dimensional chiral metamaterials in the continuum limit. Our theory provides an analytical recipe to design optical chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lina Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruo-Yang Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinglai Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jack Ng
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - C T Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Hung Fung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Hong Q, Xu W, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Yuan X, Qin S. Optical activity in monolayer black phosphorus due to extrinsic chirality. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1774-1777. [PMID: 30933144 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of optical activity has fundamental importance and widespread applications in polarization optics, analytical chemistry, and molecular biology. In the past two decades, there has been much research on designing metamaterials with strong optical activity, which generally employs chiral plasmonic or dielectric nanostructures with resonant responses. In this Letter, we show theoretically and numerically that strong optical activity can be obtained in unpatterned monolayer black phosphorus (BP) without using resonant structures. The optical activity can be attributed to the extrinsic chirality from the mutual orientation of the BP film with in-plane anisotropy and the incident light. The obtained circular dichroism in this atomically thick material is comparable to that in previously reported chiral metamaterials, and the optical activity is inherently tunable by controlling the Fermi level of monolayer BP.
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12
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Yang X, Li M, Hou Y, Du J, Gao F. Active perfect absorber based on planar anisotropic chiral metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6801-6814. [PMID: 30876258 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Active chiral plasmonics have attracted a considerable amount of research interest for their power to switch the handedness of chiral metamaterials and the potential applications in highly integrated polarization sensitive devices, stereo display fields, and so on. In this work, we propose a kind of active chiral metamaterial absorber (ACMA) composed by planar anisotropic chiral metamaterials (PACMs) and a metal layer. Our in-depth theoretical analysis indicates that the circular conversion dichroism (CCD) from PACMs plays a crucial role to achieve the active chiroptical effect. The CCD effect can enable a differentiated microcavity-interference effect between the left and right circular incident lights and results in a chiroptical effect related to the equivalent optical length between the PACMs and the metal layer. In simulations, a high-performance ACMA, which are composed by the 'Z'-shaped PACMs, is designed, and the maximum reflection CDR from ACMA can reach 0.882. Meanwhile, the minimum reflection CDR can reach to 0, resulting a very large adjustable range of from 0 to 0.882. The maximum modulation sensitivity, which is defined as Mn=∂CDR/∂n and Md=∂CDR/∂d, can reach to about 1368.252 for d=100um and 0.06157 nm-1 for n=4.5,respectively. In addition to the active chiroptical effect, the designed ACMA also shows excellent performance as a sensor, such as when it is being used as a highly-sensitive temperature sensor. In that case, the minimum detected precision can reach approximately 3.067 * 10-8 °C, if VO2 is used to fill the FP cavity.
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13
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Song G, Zeng R, Al-Amri M, Xu J, Zhu C, He P, Yang Y. Repulsive Casimir force between hyperbolic metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:34461-34473. [PMID: 30650869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.034461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Casimir force between electric and magnetic hyperbolic metamaterial slabs is investigated. Due to hyperbolic dispersion, the electromagnetic features of these metamaterials along the optical axis are different from those perpendicular to the optical axis; consequently, these features contribute differently to the Casimir effect. The repulsive Casimir force is formed between electric and magnetic hyperbolic metamaterial slabs; moreover, hyperbolic dispersion can enhance the repulsive effect. However, by utilizing the extremely anisotropic behavior of hyperbolic metamaterials and changing the separation distance between the two slabs, the restoring Casimir force emerges. Additionally, by considering the dispersion of both the permittivity and the permeability of hyperbolic metamaterials, the Casimir force reaches several equilibrium points at different separation distances. Furthermore, the Casimir force at room temperature is discussed. Although the temperature can weaken the effect of the restoring Casimir force, stable equilibria may remain upon choosing suitable filling factors. This work shows that hyperbolic metamaterials have potential applications in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, especially for maintaining stability and overcoming adhesion problems.
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14
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Wang Z, Ai B, Zhou Z, Guan Y, Möhwald H, Zhang G. Free-Standing Plasmonic Chiral Metamaterials with 3D Resonance Cavities. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10914-10923. [PMID: 30335967 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hollow nanocone array (HNCA) films (cm × cm), composed of two Ag and Au nanoshells, are fabricated via a low-cost and efficient colloidal lithography technique. The relative position of the Ag and Au nanoshells can be controlled to generate various chiral asymmetries. A pronounced chiroptical response is observed in the ultraviolet-visible region with the anisotropy factor up to 10-1, which is rooted in the asymmetric current oscillations and electric field distributions. Beyond previous reports on plasmonic chiral metamaterials, the HNCA can be free-standing and further transferred to other functional and flexible substrates, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), highly curved surfaces, prepatterned films, and hydrogels, while keeping the original features. The good transferability would make HNCA more flexible in specific applications. Furthermore, the chiral HNCAs offer a series of chiral resonance cavities, which are conducive for the research of chiral sensing, confinement, chiral signal transmission, and amplification. Overall, this work provides a scalable metamaterial to tune the plasmonic chiral response, and HNCA would be a promising candidate of the components in chiral optical devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Wang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Bin Ai
- Department of Aerospace and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3141 , United States
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Yuduo Guan
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , D-14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P.R. China
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15
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Ding K, Hu H, Leung TC, Chan CT. Nanocorrugation-Induced Forces between Electrically Neutral Metallic Objects. ACS NANO 2018; 12:804-812. [PMID: 29257875 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have created tremendous excitement across different disciplines, but in order to fully control and manipulate nanoscale objects, we must understand the forces at work at the nanoscale, which can be very different from those that dominate the macroscale. We show that there is a kind of curvature-induced force that acts between nanocorrugated electrically neutral metallic surfaces. Absent in flat surfaces, such a force owes its existence entirely to geometric curvature and originates from the kinetic energy associated with the electron density, which tends to make the profile of the electron density smoother than that of the ionic background and hence induces curvature-induced local charges. Such a force cannot be found using standard classical electromagnetic approaches, and we use a self-consistent hydrodynamics model as well as first-principles density functional calculations to explore the character of such forces. These two methods give qualitatively similar results. We found that the force can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the details of the nanocorrugation, and its magnitude is comparable to light-induced forces acting on plasmonic nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ding
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Han Hu
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University , Chia-Yi 62101, Taiwan
| | - T C Leung
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University , Chia-Yi 62101, Taiwan
| | - C T Chan
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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16
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Sadhukhan M, Tkatchenko A. Long-Range Repulsion Between Spatially Confined van der Waals Dimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:210402. [PMID: 28598658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.210402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is an undisputed textbook fact that nonretarded van der Waals (vdW) interactions between isotropic dimers are attractive, regardless of the polarizability of the interacting systems or spatial dimensionality. The universality of vdW attraction is attributed to the dipolar coupling between fluctuating electron charge densities. Here, we demonstrate that the long-range interaction between spatially confined vdW dimers becomes repulsive when accounting for the full Coulomb interaction between charge fluctuations. Our analytic results are obtained by using the Coulomb potential as a perturbation over dipole-correlated states for two quantum harmonic oscillators embedded in spaces with reduced dimensionality; however, the long-range repulsion is expected to be a general phenomenon for spatially confined quantum systems. We suggest optical experiments to test our predictions, analyze their relevance in the context of intermolecular interactions in nanoscale environments, and rationalize the recent observation of anomalously strong screening of the lateral vdW interactions between aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Sadhukhan
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg L-1511, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg L-1511, Luxembourg
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17
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Ma X, Pu M, Li X, Guo Y, Gao P, Luo X. Meta-Chirality: Fundamentals, Construction and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E116. [PMID: 28513560 PMCID: PMC5449997 DOI: 10.3390/nano7050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chiral metamaterials represent a special type of artificial structures that cannot be superposed to their mirror images. Due to the lack of mirror symmetry, cross-coupling between electric and magnetic fields exist in chiral mediums and present unique electromagnetic characters of circular dichroism and optical activity, which provide a new opportunity to tune polarization and realize negative refractive index. Chiral metamaterials have attracted great attentions in recent years and have given rise to a series of applications in polarization manipulation, imaging, chemical and biological detection, and nonlinear optics. Here we review the fundamental theory of chiral media and analyze the construction principles of some typical chiral metamaterials. Then, the progress in extrinsic chiral metamaterials, absorbing chiral metamaterials, and reconfigurable chiral metamaterials are summarized. In the last section, future trends in chiral metamaterials and application in nonlinear optics are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
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18
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Wang X, Tang Z. Circular Dichroism Studies on Plasmonic Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1601115. [PMID: 27273904 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, optical chirality of plasmonic nanostructures has aroused great interest because of innovative fundamental understanding as well as promising potential applications in optics, catalysis and sensing. Herein, state-of-the-art studies on circular dichroism (CD) characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures are summarized. The hybrid of achiral plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and chiral molecules is explored to generate a new CD response at the plasmon resonance as well as the enhanced CD intensity of chiral molecules in the UV region, owing to the Coulomb static and dynamic dipole interactions between plasmonic NPs and chiral molecules. As for chiral assembly of plasmonic NPs, plasmon-plasmon interactions between the building blocks are found to induce generation of intense CD response at the plasmon resonance. Three-dimensional periodical arrangement of plasmonic NPs into macroscale chiral metamaterials is further introduced from the perspective of negative refraction and photonic bandgap. A strong CD signal is also discerned in achiral planar plasmonic nanostructures under illumination of circular polarized plane wave at oblique incidence or input vortex beam at normal incidence. Finally perspectives, especially on future investigation of time-resolved CD responses, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
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19
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Keil M, Amit O, Zhou S, Groswasser D, Japha Y, Folman R. Fifteen years of cold matter on the atom chip: promise, realizations, and prospects. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:1840-1885. [PMID: 27499585 PMCID: PMC4960518 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1178820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the first realization of the BEC and 15 years after the realization of the atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new ideas which have not yet been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Keil
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Omer Amit
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - David Groswasser
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonathan Japha
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron Folman
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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20
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Zhang Q, Li J. Characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons in a dielectrically chiral-metal-chiral waveguiding structure. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3241-3244. [PMID: 27420505 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate theoretically the characteristics of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with an asymmetric chiral-metal-chiral (CMC) waveguide structure, under realistic frequency dependencies of the permittivity and chirality parameters. Generalized dispersion relations are derived which can be applied to the nonchiral SPPs. We find that the existence of cutoffs in different modes for the CMC structures may facilitate the design of mode-selective surface plasmon waveguides. CMC-SPPs also exhibit an interesting dependence of the polarization on the chiral strength. These novel characteristics of CMC-SPPs provide new possibilities for the design of more compact nanophotonic devices.
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21
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Li J, Kotov NA. Circular extinction of plasmonic silver nanocaps and gas sensing. Faraday Discuss 2016; 186:345-52. [PMID: 26952921 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures exhibit strong rotatory optical activity and are expected to enrich the field of metaoptical materials. Potential applications of chiroplasmonic nanostructures include circular polarizers, optical polarization detectors, asymmetric catalysts, and sensors. However, chiral plasmonic materials require subwavelength structural control and involve laborious chemical or lithographic procedures for their manufacturing. Moreover, strong rotatory activity of subwavelength structures whose chirality was imparted by microfabrication, has been obtained for the red and infrared parts of the spectrum but faces new challenges for the blue and violet spectral ranges even with plasmonic materials with plasmonic bands in the 200-400 nm window. In this study, we address this problem by preparing chiral subwavelength nanostructures by glancing angle sputtering of metallic silver on ZnO nanopillar arrays. Silver deposition in two different planes is a convenient method for preparation of silver chiroplasmonic nanocaps (Ag CPNCs) with controlled asymmetry. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to examine the circular extinction for the left-handed nanocaps (L-CPNCs) with understanding that not only circular dichroism but also many other optical effects contribute to the amplitude of these bands. The pillared silver films exhibit circular extinction in the violet area of the electromagnetic spectrum. Partial oxidation of Ag to AgxO causes the absorption and corresponding circular extinction band obtained using a conventional CD spectrometer at 400-525 nm to increase and shift. This optical material may be used to detect oxygen and extends the spectrum of application of chiroplasmonic materials to gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Ou JY, Plum E, Zhang J, Zheludev NI. Giant Nonlinearity of an Optically Reconfigurable Plasmonic Metamaterial. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:729-33. [PMID: 26619205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterial nanostructures actuated by light give rise to a large optical nonlinearity. Plasmonic metamolecules on a flexible support structure cut from a dielectric membrane of nanoscale thickness are rearranged by optical illumination. This changes the optical properties of the strongly coupled plasmonic structure and therefore results in modulation of light with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Ou
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Eric Plum
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637378, Singapore
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23
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Xie S, Yang J, Xiao X, Hou Y, Du J, Pang L, Li X, Gao F. Scalable Fabrication of Quasi-Three-Dimensional Chiral Plasmonic Oligomers Based on Stepwise Colloid Sphere Lithography Technology. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:393. [PMID: 26450617 PMCID: PMC4609306 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple and scalable method for the fabrication of spiral-type chiral plasmonic oligomers based on the stepwise colloid sphere lithography technology. Through carefully adjusting the azimuthal angle Φ of polystyrene (PS) sphere array monolayer and the deposition thickness k n , the chiral plasmonic oligomers composed of four achiral particles can be successfully fabricated on a desired substrate. And their chiral sign, i.e., left-hand or right-hand, is dependent on the anticlockwise or clockwise deposition sequence of the achiral particles. The measured results show a large chiroptical resonance in the visible region, and this resonance can be easily adjusted by using different sizes of PS spheres. Our in-depth theoretical and experimental researches further reveal that the obtained chiral plasmonic oligomers are indeed a kind of quasi-three-dimensional chiral nanostructures, which own a three-dimensional geometrical morphology, but with nonreciprocity chiroptical effect. The ease and scalability (>1 cm(2)) of the fabrication method make chiral plasmonic oligomers promising candidates for many applications, such as chiral biosensor and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Xie
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jinzhe Yang
- Department of Physics, Key laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yidong Hou
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- Key Laboratory for High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jinglei Du
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Key Laboratory for High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lin Pang
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xie Li
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Fuhua Gao
- Department of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- Key Laboratory for High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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25
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Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Engheta N, Martínez A, Zayats AV. Lateral forces on circularly polarizable particles near a surface. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8799. [PMID: 26581479 PMCID: PMC4673490 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical forces allow manipulation of small particles and control of nanophotonic structures with light beams. While some techniques rely on structured light to move particles using field intensity gradients, acting locally, other optical forces can ‘push' particles on a wide area of illumination but only in the direction of light propagation. Here we show that spin–orbit coupling, when the spin of the incident circularly polarized light is converted into lateral electromagnetic momentum, leads to a lateral optical force acting on particles placed above a substrate, associated with a recoil mechanical force. This counterintuitive force acts in a direction in which the illumination has neither a field gradient nor propagation. The force direction is switchable with the polarization of uniform, plane wave illumination, and its magnitude is comparable to other optical forces. Some optical forces can direct particles, but only in the direction of light propagation. Here, the authors show theoretically that when the spin of the incident circularly polarized light is converted into lateral electromagnetic momentum, it leads to a lateral optical force associated with a recoil mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nader Engheta
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Departamento de Comunicaciones, Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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26
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Rizza C, Di Falco A, Scalora M, Ciattoni A. One-Dimensional Chirality: Strong Optical Activity in Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:057401. [PMID: 26274441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We suggest that electromagnetic chirality, generally displayed by 3D or 2D complex chiral structures, can occur in 1D patterned composites whose components are achiral. This feature is highly unexpected in a 1D system which is geometrically achiral since its mirror image can always be superposed onto it by a 180 deg rotation. We analytically evaluate from first principles the bianisotropic response of multilayered metamaterials and we show that the chiral tensor is not vanishing if the system is geometrically one-dimensional chiral; i.e., its mirror image cannot be superposed onto it by using translations without resorting to rotations. As a signature of 1D chirality, we show that 1D chiral metamaterials support optical activity and we prove that this phenomenon undergoes a dramatic nonresonant enhancement in the epsilon-near-zero regime where the magnetoelectric coupling can become dominant in the constitutive relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rizza
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Falco
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Scalora
- Charles M. Bowden Research Center RDMR-WDS-WO, RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898-5000, USA
| | - Alessandro Ciattoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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27
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Li YR, Hung YC. Dispersion-free broadband optical polarization rotation based on helix photonic metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:16772-16781. [PMID: 26191689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.016772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a helix photonic metamaterial that exhibits nondispersive optical rotation in a broad passband at optical frequencies. Several features, including zero dispersion, zero ellipticity, and high transmission, can be simultaneously achieved in the presented structure. Pure optical rotation with extremely low dispersion is exhibited in a broad band covering the optical telecommunication wavelengths along with high transmission above 95%. We show that the chiral responses as well as the wavelength-dependent properties of the passband are governed by the behaviors of adjacent resonances. A systematic study of the optical properties with various geometrical parameters is performed, where the dependence of passband properties on resonance behaviors is examined and discussed. Such broadband dispersion-free optical rotation at optical frequencies may be of great interest for high-performance polarization manipulation and relevant applications.
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28
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Wang M, Li H, Gao D, Gao L, Xu J, Qiu CW. Radiation pressure of active dispersive chiral slabs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:16546-16553. [PMID: 26191666 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.016546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a mechanism to obtain optical pulling or pushing forces exerted on the active dispersive chiral media. Electromagnetic wave equations for the pure chiral media using constitutive relations containing dispersive Drude models are numerically solved by means of Auxiliary Differential Equation Finite Difference Time Domain (ADE-FDTD) method. This method allows us to access the time averaged Lorentz force densities exerted on the magnetoelectric coupling chiral slabs via the derivation of bound electric and magnetic charge densities, as well as bound electric and magnetic current densities. Due to the continuously coupled cross-polarized electromagnetic waves, we find that the pressure gradient force is engendered on the active chiral slabs under a plane wave incidence. By changing the material parameters of the slabs, the total radiation pressure exerted on a single slab can be directed either along the propagation direction or in the opposite direction. This finding provides a promising avenue for detecting the chirality of materials by optical forces.
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29
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30
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Nondispersive optical activity of meshed helical metamaterials. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5435. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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31
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Optical activity enhanced by strong inter-molecular coupling in planar chiral metamaterials. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5864. [PMID: 25209452 PMCID: PMC4160707 DOI: 10.1038/srep05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarization of light can be rotated in materials with an absence of molecular or structural mirror symmetry. While this rotating ability is normally rather weak in naturally occurring chiral materials, artificial chiral metamaterials have demonstrated extraordinary rotational ability by engineering intra-molecular couplings. However, while in general, chiral metamaterials can exhibit strong rotatory power at or around resonances, they convert linearly polarized waves into elliptically polarized ones. Here, we demonstrate that strong inter-molecular coupling through a small gap between adjacent chiral metamolecules can lead to a broadband enhanced rotating ability with pure rotation of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. Strong inter-molecular coupling leads to nearly identical behaviour in magnitude, but engenders substantial difference in phase between transmitted left and right-handed waves.
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32
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Larsen GK, He Y, Ingram W, LaPaquette ET, Wang J, Zhao Y. The fabrication of three-dimensional plasmonic chiral structures by dynamic shadowing growth. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9467-9476. [PMID: 24975016 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As chiral metamaterials become increasingly more technologically relevant, scalable, yet proficient nanofabrication methods will be needed for their production. Dynamic shadowing growth (DSG) that takes advantage of the vapor shadowing effect during physical vapor deposition is a simple and powerful tool to produce chiral nanostructures. In this report we describe several new DSG strategies for the scalable production of chiral plasmonic thin films with significant optical activity in the visible and near-infrared wavelength region. Specifically, we demonstrate that by use of metal composite (Ti/Ag) and metal/dielectric composite materials (Ag/MgF2), nanoscale helices can be fabricated using DSG at room temperature. Additionally, we show how self-assembled colloidal monolayers of nanospheres can serve as effective templates for the production of a wide variety of highly chiral films. These films can be used to construct chiral metamaterial-based devices for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Larsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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33
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Valev VK, Baumberg JJ, De Clercq B, Braz N, Zheng X, Osley EJ, Vandendriessche S, Hojeij M, Blejean C, Mertens J, Biris CG, Volskiy V, Ameloot M, Ekinci Y, Vandenbosch GAE, Warburton PA, Moshchalkov VV, Panoiu NC, Verbiest T. Nonlinear superchiral meta-surfaces: tuning chirality and disentangling non-reciprocity at the nanoscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4074-81. [PMID: 24740481 PMCID: PMC4173128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light is incident on a nanostructured chiral meta-surface. In the nanostructured unit cells whose chirality matches that of light, superchiral light is forming and strong optical second harmonic generation can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Valev
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of CambridgeJ. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - J J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of CambridgeJ. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - B De Clercq
- University Hasselt and transnational University LimburgBIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - N Braz
- Electrical Engineering University College London Torrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - X Zheng
- ESAT-TELEMIC, KU LeuvenB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E J Osley
- Electrical Engineering University College London Torrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JEUK London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17–19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | | | - M Hojeij
- Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology Paul Scherrer Institute5232, Villigen-PS, Switzerland
| | - C Blejean
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of CambridgeJ. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - J Mertens
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics University of CambridgeJ. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - C G Biris
- Department of Physics West University of Timisoara B-dul Vasile ParvanNr. 4, Timisoara, 300223, Timis, Romania
| | - V Volskiy
- ESAT-TELEMIC, KU LeuvenB-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Ameloot
- University Hasselt and transnational University LimburgBIOMED, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Y Ekinci
- Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology Paul Scherrer Institute5232, Villigen-PS, Switzerland
| | | | - P A Warburton
- Electrical Engineering University College London Torrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JEUK London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17–19 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - V V Moshchalkov
- Nanoscale Superconductivity and Magnetism & Pulsed Fields Group INPAC, KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 D B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N C Panoiu
- Electrical Engineering, University College London Torrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JE, UKThomas Young Centre London Centre for Nanotechnology University College London17–19 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - T Verbiest
- Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsKU Leuven BE-3001, Belgium
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34
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Querejeta-Fernández A, Chauve G, Methot M, Bouchard J, Kumacheva E. Chiral plasmonic films formed by gold nanorods and cellulose nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4788-93. [PMID: 24588564 DOI: 10.1021/ja501642p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic films have been prepared by incorporating gold nanorods (NRs) in a macroscopic cholesteric film formed by self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Composite NR-CNC films revealed strong plasmonic chiroptical activity, dependent on the photonic properties of the CNC host and plasmonic properties of the NRs. The plasmonic chiroptical properties of the composite films were tuned by changing the conditions of film preparation. The strategy presented herein paves the way for the scalable and cost-efficient preparation of plasmonic chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Querejeta-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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35
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Rodriguez-Lopez P, Grushin AG. Repulsive Casimir effect with Chern insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:056804. [PMID: 24580622 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.056804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically predict that the Casimir force in vacuum between two Chern insulator plates can be repulsive (attractive) at long distances whenever the sign of the Chern numbers characterizing the two plates are opposite (equal). A unique feature of this system is that the sign of the force can be tuned simply by turning over one of the plates or alternatively by electrostatic doping. We calculate and take into account the full optical response of the plates and argue that such repulsion is a general phenomena for these systems as it relies on the quantized zero frequency Hall conductivity. We show that achieving repulsion is possible with thin films of Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3, that were recently discovered to be Chern insulators with quantized Hall conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodriguez-Lopez
- Department of Physics and GISC, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Adolfo G Grushin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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36
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Rodríguez-Fortuño FJ, Vakil A, Engheta N. Electric levitation using ϵ-near-zero metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:033902. [PMID: 24484139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.033902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manufacture metamaterials with exotic electromagnetic properties has potential for surprising new applications. Here we report how a specific type of metamaterial--one whose permittivity is near zero--exerts a repulsive force on an electric dipole source, resulting in levitation of the dipole. The phenomenon relies on the expulsion of the time-varying electric field from the metamaterial interior, resembling the perfect diamagnetic expulsion of magnetostatic fields. Leveraging this concept, we study some realistic requirements for the levitation or repulsion of a polarized particle radiating at any frequency, from microwave to optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rodríguez-Fortuño
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA and Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ashkan Vakil
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nader Engheta
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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37
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Casimir forces on a silicon micromechanical chip. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1845. [PMID: 23673630 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum fluctuations give rise to van der Waals and Casimir forces that dominate the interaction between electrically neutral objects at sub-micron separations. Under the trend of miniaturization, such quantum electrodynamical effects are expected to play an important role in micro- and nano-mechanical devices. Nevertheless, utilization of Casimir forces on the chip level remains a major challenge because all experiments so far require an external object to be manually positioned close to the mechanical element. Here by integrating a force-sensing micromechanical beam and an electrostatic actuator on a single chip, we demonstrate the Casimir effect between two micromachined silicon components on the same substrate. A high degree of parallelism between the two near-planar interacting surfaces can be achieved because they are defined in a single lithographic step. Apart from providing a compact platform for Casimir force measurements, this scheme also opens the possibility of tailoring the Casimir force using lithographically defined components of non-conventional shapes.
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38
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Larsen GK, He Y, Ingram W, Zhao Y. Hidden chirality in superficially racemic patchy silver films. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:6228-32. [PMID: 24256449 DOI: 10.1021/nl4036687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chiral patchy particle films where morphological enantiomers exist in equal proportion are found to have significant circular dichroism. It is determined that the rotation direction during glancing angle deposition breaks the racemic symmetry, resulting in a distribution of material which enhances the chirality of one set of enantiomers relative to the other. Microscopic analysis and geometric chirality calculations reveal that the chirality of the bulk film results from incomplete cancellations of even stronger local chiralities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Larsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Zhao R, Luo Y, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Pendry JB. Description of van der Waals interactions using transformation optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:033602. [PMID: 23909317 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exact calculation of the van der Waals interaction between closely spaced plasmonic nanoparticles is challenging due to the strong concentration of the electromagnetic fields that takes place at the nanometric gap between them. The technique of transformation optics, capable of mapping a small volume into any desired length scale, enables us to shed physical insight into the intricate behavior of electromagnetic fields in extremely small gaps. Using this theoretical tool, we obtain universal analytical expressions for the van der Waals interactions between spherical nanoparticles made of realistic metals at arbitrary separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkuo Zhao
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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40
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Morgado TA, Maslovski SI, Silveirinha MG. Ultrahigh Casimir interaction torque in nanowire systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:14943-14955. [PMID: 23787682 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.014943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the Casimir torque arising from the quantum electromagnetic fluctuations due to the interaction of two interfaces in a system formed by a dense array of metallic nanorods embedded in dielectric fluids. It is demonstrated that as a consequence of the ultrahigh density of photonic states in the nanowire array it is possible to channel the quantum fluctuations, and thereby boost the Casimir torque by several orders of magnitude as compared to other known systems (e.g., birefringent parallel plates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A Morgado
- University of Coimbra, Department of Electrical Engineering–Instituto de Telecomunicações, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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41
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Valev VK, Baumberg JJ, Sibilia C, Verbiest T. Chirality and chiroptical effects in plasmonic nanostructures: fundamentals, recent progress, and outlook. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2517-34. [PMID: 23553650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201205178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong chiroptical effects recently reported result from the interaction of light with chiral plasmonic nanostructures. Such nanostructures can be used to enhance the chiroptical response of chiral molecules and could also significantly increase the enantiomeric excess of direct asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. Moreover, in optical metamaterials, chirality leads to negative refractive index and all the promising applications thereof. In this Progress Report, we highlight four different strategies which have been used to achieve giant chiroptical effects in chiral nanostructures. These strategies consecutively highlight the importance of chirality in the nanostructures (for linear and nonlinear chiroptical effects), in the experimental setup and in the light itself. Because, in the future, manipulating chirality will play an important role, we present two examples of chiral switches. Whereas in the first one, switching the chirality of incoming light causes a reversal of the handedness in the nanostructures, in the second one, switching the handedness of the nanostructures causes a reversal in the chirality of outgoing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ventsislav K Valev
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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42
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Song K, Liu Y, Fu Q, Zhao X, Luo C, Zhu W. 90° polarization rotator with rotation angle independent of substrate permittivity and incident angles using a composite chiral metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:7439-7446. [PMID: 23546127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a more efficient way to obtain much stronger polarization rotatory power by constructing a composite chiral metamaterial (CCMM) which is achieved via the combination of the cut-wire pairs (CWPs) and a purely chiral metamaterial (PCMM) composed of conjugated gammadion resonators. Owing to the strong coupling between the CWPs and PCMM, the polarization rotation in our CCMM is more gigantic than that of the PCMM. Furthermore, the CCMM proposed in this paper can function as a wide-angle 90° polarization rotator for different substrate permittivity without needing to adjust its geometric parameters. Due to the unique properties, the CCMM may greatly benefit potential applications including designing a tunable 90°-polarization rotator, microwave devices, telecommunication, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
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Dietrich K, Lehr D, Helgert C, Tünnermann A, Kley EB. Circular dichroism from chiral nanomaterial fabricated by on-edge lithography. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:OP321-OP325. [PMID: 23042699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel-shaped plasmonic chiral nanomaterial exhibiting circular dichroism in the near-infrared spectral range is presented. Applying on-edge lithography, a large area with these nanostructures is efficiently covered. This fabrication method offers tunability of the operation bandwidth by tailoring the chiral shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Dietrich
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Tröndle M, Kondrat S, Gambassi A, Harnau L, Dietrich S. Critical Casimir effect for colloids close to chemically patterned substrates. J Chem Phys 2012; 133:074702. [PMID: 20726658 DOI: 10.1063/1.3464770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloids immersed in a critical or near-critical binary liquid mixture and close to a chemically patterned substrate are subject to normal and lateral critical Casimir forces of dominating strength. For a single colloid, we calculate these attractive or repulsive forces and the corresponding critical Casimir potentials within mean-field theory. Within this approach we also discuss the quality of the Derjaguin approximation and apply it to Monte Carlo simulation data available for the system under study. We find that the range of validity of the Derjaguin approximation is rather large and that it fails only for surface structures which are very small compared to the geometric mean of the size of the colloid and its distance from the substrate. For certain chemical structures of the substrate, the critical Casimir force acting on the colloid can change sign as a function of the distance between the particle and the substrate; this provides a mechanism for stable levitation at a certain distance which can be strongly tuned by temperature, i.e., with a sensitivity of more than 200 nm/K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tröndle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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45
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Zhao R, Manjavacas A, García de Abajo FJ, Pendry JB. Rotational quantum friction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:123604. [PMID: 23005949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the frictional forces due to quantum fluctuations acting on a small sphere rotating near a surface. At zero temperature, we find the frictional force near a surface to be several orders of magnitude larger than that for the sphere rotating in vacuum. For metallic materials with typical conductivity, quantum friction is maximized by matching the frequency of rotation with the conductivity. Materials with poor conductivity are favored to obtain large quantum frictions. For semiconductor materials that are able to support surface plasmon polaritons, quantum friction can be further enhanced by several orders of magnitude due to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkuo Zhao
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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46
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Rezvani V, Sarabadani J, Naji A, Podgornik R. Electromagnetic fluctuation-induced interactions in randomly charged slabs. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:114704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4752248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Sersic I, van de Haar MA, Arango FB, Koenderink AF. Ubiquity of optical activity in planar metamaterial scatterers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:223903. [PMID: 23003596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.223903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently it was discovered that periodic lattices of metamaterial scatterers show optical activity, even if the scatterers or lattice show no 2D or 3D chirality, if the illumination breaks symmetry. We demonstrate that such "pseudochirality" is intrinsic to any single planar metamaterial scatterer and in fact has a well-defined value at a universal bound. We argue that in any circuit model, a nonzero electric and magnetic polarizability derived from a single resonance automatically imply strong bi-anisotropy, i.e., magnetoelectric cross polarizability at the universal bound set by energy conservation. We confirm our claim by extracting polarizability tensors and cross sections for handed excitation from transmission measurements on near-infrared split ring arrays, and electrodynamic simulations for diverse metamaterial scatterers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sersic
- Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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48
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Li Z, Alici KB, Caglayan H, Kafesaki M, Soukoulis CM, Ozbay E. Composite chiral metamaterials with negative refractive index and high values of the figure of merit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:6146-6156. [PMID: 22418494 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.006146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A composite chiral metamaterial (CCMM) is designed and studied both numerically and experimentally. The CCMM is constructed by the combination of a continuous metallic wires structure and a purely chiral metamaterial (CMM) that consists of conjugated Rosettes. For the CMM, only very small, useful bands of negative index can be obtained for circularly polarized waves. These bands are all above the chiral resonance frequencies because of the high value of the effective parameter of relative permittivity ε. After the addition of the continuous metallic wires, which provide negative permittivity, the high value of ε can be partially compensated. Thus, a negative index band for the left circularly polarized wave that is below the chiral resonance frequency is obtained for the CCMM. At the same time, a negative index band for the right circularly polarized wave that is above the chiral resonance frequency is also obtained. Furthermore, both negative index bands correspond to the transmission peaks and have high values of the figure of merit. Therefore, the CCMM design that is proposed here is more suitable than the CMM for the construction of chiral metamaterials with a negative index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Li
- Nanotechnology Research Center, and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
Metamaterials, artificial composite structures with exotic material properties, have emerged as a new frontier of science involving physics, material science, engineering and chemistry. This critical review focuses on the fundamentals, recent progresses and future directions in the research of electromagnetic metamaterials. An introduction to metamaterials followed by a detailed elaboration on how to design unprecedented electromagnetic properties of metamaterials is presented. A number of intriguing phenomena and applications associated with metamaterials are discussed, including negative refraction, sub-diffraction-limited imaging, strong optical activities in chiral metamaterials, interaction of meta-atoms and transformation optics. Finally, we offer an outlook on future directions of metamaterials research including but not limited to three-dimensional optical metamaterials, nonlinear metamaterials and "quantum" perspectives of metamaterials (142 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Liu
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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50
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Grushin AG, Cortijo A. Tunable Casimir repulsion with three-dimensional topological insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:020403. [PMID: 21405206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show that switching between repulsive and attractive Casimir forces by means of external tunable parameters could be realized with two topological insulator plates. We find two regimes where a repulsive (attractive) force is found at small (large) distances between the plates, canceling out at a critical distance. For a frequency range where the effective electromagnetic action is valid, this distance appears at length scales corresponding to 1 - ϵ(ω) ∼ (2/π)αθ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G Grushin
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
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