1
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van de Kraats J, Ahmed-Braun DJM, Li JL, Kokkelmans SJJMF. Emergent Inflation of the Efimov Spectrum under Three-Body Spin-Exchange Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133402. [PMID: 38613304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We resolve the unexpected and long-standing disagreement between experiment and theory in the Efimovian three-body spectrum of ^{7}Li, commonly referred to as the lithium few-body puzzle. Our results show that the discrepancy arises out of the presence of strong nonuniversal three-body spin-exchange interactions, which enact an effective inflation of the universal Efimov spectrum. This conclusion is obtained from a thorough numerical solution of the quantum mechanical three-body problem, including precise interatomic interactions and all spin degrees of freedom for three alkali-metal atoms. Our results show excellent agreement with the experimental data regarding both the Efimov spectrum and the absolute rate constants of three-body recombination, and in addition reveal a general product propensity for such triatomic reactions in the Paschen-Back regime, stemming from Wigner's spin conservation rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van de Kraats
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - D J M Ahmed-Braun
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J-L Li
- Institut für Quantenmaterie and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology IQ ST, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - S J J M F Kokkelmans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Khaykovich L. Reshaped three-body interactions and the observation of an Efimov state in the continuum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2127. [PMID: 38459026 PMCID: PMC10923905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Efimov trimers are exotic three-body quantum states that emerge from the different types of three-body continua in the vicinity of two-atom Feshbach resonances. In particular, as the strength of the interaction is decreased to a critical point, an Efimov state merges into the atom-dimer threshold and eventually dissociates into an unbound atom-dimer pair. Here we explore the Efimov state in the vicinity of this critical point using coherent few-body spectroscopy in 7Li atoms using a narrow two-body Feshbach resonance. Contrary to the expectation, we find that the 7Li Efimov trimer does not immediately dissociate when passing the threshold, and survives as a metastable state embedded in the atom-dimer continuum. We identify this behavior with a universal phenomenon related to the emergence of a repulsive interaction in the atom-dimer channel which reshapes the three-body interactions in any system characterized by a narrow Feshbach resonance. Specifically, our results shed light on the nature of 7Li Efimov states and provide a path to understand various puzzling phenomena associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), University of Maryland and NIST, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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3
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Liang A, Xie Y, Huang M, Wang B, Zhou S, Liu L. Compensating three-dimensional field inhomogeneity in cold atom Efimov-state search by a time-averaged optical potential. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:073203. [PMID: 37462458 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Efimov effect and its universal property are of paramount importance in quantum few-body physics. Despite this, the predicted ground state Efimov resonance has not yet been observed in 39,40,41K-87Rb mixtures within the currently available observation window. Cooling atoms in the microgravity environment of outer space might overcome this limitation, whereas the residual curvature of the strong magnetic fields may result in significant atom leakage. In this work, we propose an optical method based on far-detuned time-averaged dipole potential to counteract the three-dimensional inhomogeneous field. The target intensity distribution can be conveniently obtained by modulating the central position of the quasi-1D print beam using acoustic optical modulators. Within a volume of 300 × 300 × 400 µm3, the residual potential fluctuations can be reduced by two orders of magnitude to less than 100 pK. The proposed approach offers a realistic prospect of investigating the Efimov-type resonance in the 40K-87Rb Bose-Fermi mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angang Liang
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mingshan Huang
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Space Laser Engineering Center, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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4
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Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Chapurin R, Frye MD, Hutson JM, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Observation of Efimov Universality across a Nonuniversal Feshbach Resonance in ^{39}K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:243401. [PMID: 33412063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study three-atom inelastic scattering in ultracold ^{39}K near a Feshbach resonance of intermediate coupling strength. The nonuniversal character of such resonance leads to an abnormally large Efimov absolute length scale and a relatively small effective range r_{e}, allowing the features of the ^{39}K Efimov spectrum to be better isolated from the short-range physics. Meticulous characterization of and correction for finite-temperature effects ensure high accuracy on the measurements of these features at large-magnitude scattering lengths. For a single Feshbach resonance, we unambiguously locate four distinct features in the Efimov structure. Three of these features form ratios that obey the Efimov universal scaling to within 10%, while the fourth feature, occurring at a value of scattering length closest to r_{e}, instead deviates from the universal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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5
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Chapurin R, Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Popowski JS, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Precision Test of the Limits to Universality in Few-Body Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233402. [PMID: 31868479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform precise studies of two- and three-body interactions near an intermediate-strength Feshbach resonance in ^{39}K at 33.5820(14) G. Precise measurement of dimer binding energies, spanning three orders of magnitude, enables the construction of a complete two-body coupled-channel model for determination of the scattering lengths with an unprecedented low uncertainty. Utilizing an accurate scattering length map, we measure the precise location of the Efimov ground state to test van der Waals universality. Precise control of the sample's temperature and density ensures that systematic effects on the Efimov trimer state are well understood. We measure the ground Efimov resonance location to be at -14.05(17) times the van der Waals length r_{vdW}, significantly deviating from the value of -9.7r_{vdW} predicted by van der Waals universality. We find that a refined multichannel three-body model, built on our measurement of two-body physics, can account for this difference and even successfully predict the Efimov inelasticity parameter η.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jared S Popowski
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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6
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, Giannakeas P, Greene CH, Khaykovich L. Coherent Superposition of Feshbach Dimers and Efimov Trimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:200402. [PMID: 31172769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A powerful experimental technique to study Efimov physics at positive scattering lengths is demonstrated. We use the Feshbach dimers as a local reference for Efimov trimers by creating a coherent superposition of both states. Measurement of its coherent evolution provides information on the binding energy of the trimers with unprecedented precision and yields access to previously inaccessible parameters of the system such as the Efimov trimers' lifetime and the elastic processes between atoms and the constituents of the superposition state. We develop a comprehensive data analysis suitable for noisy experimental data that confirms the trustworthiness of our demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - P Giannakeas
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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7
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Li JL, Cong SL. Accurate calculations of weakly bound state energy and scattering length near magnetically tuned Feshbach resonance using the separable potential method. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154105. [PMID: 30342436 DOI: 10.1063/1.5047586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a theoretical model for investigating the magnetically tuned Feshbach resonance (MTFR) of alkali metal atoms using the separable potential method (SPM). We discuss the relationship and difference between the SPM and the asymptotic bound state model. To demonstrate the validity of the SPM, we use it to calculate the weakly bound state energy and magnetically tuned scattering length for the 6Li-40K, 7Li2, and 6Li2 systems with narrow and broad Feshbach resonances. The results of the SPM calculations are in good agreement with those of coupled channel calculations and with experimental measurements for all three systems. The SPM, by simplifying the calculation of the two-body MTFR, is expected to simplify numerical computations for three-atom collisions in a magnetic field and the Feshbach-optimized photoassociation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lun Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shu-Lin Cong
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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8
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Klauss CE, Xie X, Lopez-Abadia C, D'Incao JP, Hadzibabic Z, Jin DS, Cornell EA. Observation of Efimov Molecules Created from a Resonantly Interacting Bose Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:143401. [PMID: 29053296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We convert a strongly interacting ultracold Bose gas into a mixture of atoms and molecules by sweeping the interactions from resonant to weak. By analyzing the decay dynamics of the molecular gas, we show that in addition to Feshbach dimers it contains Efimov trimers. Typically around 8% of the total atomic population is bound into trimers, identified by their density-independent lifetime of about 100 μs. The lifetime of the Feshbach dimers shows a density dependence due to inelastic atom-dimer collisions, in agreement with theoretical calculations. We also vary the density of the gas across a factor of 250 and investigate the corresponding atom loss rate at the interaction resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Klauss
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Abadia
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah S Jin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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9
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Naidon P, Endo S. Efimov physics: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056001. [PMID: 28350544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews theoretical and experimental advances in Efimov physics, an array of quantum few-body and many-body phenomena arising for particles interacting via short-range resonant interactions, that is based on the appearance of a scale-invariant three-body attraction theoretically discovered by Vitaly Efimov in 1970. This three-body effect was originally proposed to explain the binding of nuclei such as the triton and the Hoyle state of carbon-12, and later considered as a simple explanation for the existence of some halo nuclei. It was subsequently evidenced in trapped ultra-cold atomic clouds and in diffracted molecular beams of gaseous helium. These experiments revealed that the previously undetermined three-body parameter introduced in the Efimov theory to stabilise the three-body attraction typically scales with the range of atomic interactions. The few- and many-body consequences of the Efimov attraction have been since investigated theoretically, and are expected to be observed in a broader spectrum of physical systems.
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10
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Shu D, Simbotin I, Côté R. Near Threshold Effects on Recombination and Vibrational Relaxation in Efimov Systems. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3655-3663. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Shu
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
| | - Ionel Simbotin
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
| | - Robin Côté
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
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11
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Wacker LJ, Jørgensen NB, Birkmose D, Winter N, Mikkelsen M, Sherson J, Zinner N, Arlt JJ. Universal Three-Body Physics in Ultracold KRb Mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:163201. [PMID: 27792375 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atomic gases have recently become a driving force in few-body physics due to the observation of the Efimov effect. While initially observed in equal mass systems, one expects even richer few-body physics in the heteronuclear case. In previous experiments with ultracold mixtures of potassium and rubidium, an unexpected nonuniversal behavior of Efimov resonances was observed. In contrast, we measure the scattering length dependent three-body recombination coefficient in ultracold heteronuclear mixtures of ^{39}K-^{87}Rb and ^{41}K-^{87}Rb and do not observe any signatures of Efimov resonances for accessible scattering lengths in either mixture. Our results show good agreement with our theoretical model for the scattering dependent three-body recombination coefficient and reestablish universality across isotopic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wacker
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N B Jørgensen
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D Birkmose
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Winter
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Mikkelsen
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - J Sherson
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Zinner
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J J Arlt
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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12
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Ulmanis J, Häfner S, Pires R, Kuhnle ED, Wang Y, Greene CH, Weidemüller M. Heteronuclear Efimov Scenario with Positive Intraspecies Scattering Length. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:153201. [PMID: 27768363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically and experimentally the heteronuclear Efimov scenario for a three-body system that consists of two bosons and one distinguishable particle with positive intraspecies scattering lengths. The three-body parameter at the three-body scattering threshold and the scaling factor between consecutive Efimov resonances are found to be controlled by the scattering length between the two bosons, approximately independent of short-range physics. We observe two excited-state Efimov resonances in the three-body recombination spectra of an ultracold mixture of fermionic ^{6}Li and bosonic ^{133}Cs atoms close to a Li-Cs Feshbach resonance, where the Cs-Cs interaction is positive. Deviation of the obtained scaling factor of 4.0(3) from the universal prediction of 4.9 and the absence of the ground state Efimov resonance shed new light on the interpretation of the universality and the discrete scaling behavior of heteronuclear Efimov physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Häfner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rico Pires
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva D Kuhnle
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, USA
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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13
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Abstract
Abstract
The Efimov scenario is a universal three-body effect addressing many areas of modern quantum physics. It plays an important role in the transition between few- and many-body physics and has enabled important breakthroughs in the understanding of the universal few-body theory. We review the basic concepts of the Efimov scenario with specific emphasis on the similarities and differences between homonuclear and heteronuclear systems. In the latter scenario, the existence of a second, independently tunable interaction parameter enables novel few-body phenomena that are universal and have no counterexamples in the homonuclear case. We discuss recent experimental approaches using ultracold atomic gases with magnetically tunable interactions and elucidate the role of short-range interactions in the emergence of universal and non-universal behavior.
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14
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Shotan Z, Machtey O, Kokkelmans S, Khaykovich L. Three-body recombination at vanishing scattering lengths in an ultracold bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:053202. [PMID: 25126917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of three-body recombination loss rates in an ultracold gas of ^{7}Li atoms in the extremely nonuniversal regime where the two-body scattering length vanishes. We show that the loss rate coefficient is well defined and can be described by two-body parameters only: the scattering length a and the effective range R_{e}. We find the rate to be energy independent, and, by connecting our results with previously reported measurements in the universal limit, we cover the behavior of the three-body recombination rate in the whole range from weak to strong two-body interactions. We identify a nontrivial magnetic field value in the nonuniversal regime where the rate should be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zav Shotan
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Olga Machtey
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Servaas Kokkelmans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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15
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Colussi VE, Greene CH, D'Incao JP. Three-body physics in strongly correlated spinor condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:045302. [PMID: 25105628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.045302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinor condensates have proven to be a rich area for probing many-body phenomena richer than that of an ultracold gas consisting of atoms restricted to a single spin state. In the strongly correlated regime, the physics controlling the possible novel phases of the condensate remains largely unexplored, and few-body aspects can play a central role in the properties and dynamics of the system through manifestations of Efimov physics. The present study solves the three-body problem for bosonic spinors using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation and characterizes the multiple families of Efimov states in spinor systems as well as their signatures in the scattering observables relevant for spinor condensates. These solutions exhibit a rich array of possible phenomena originating in universal few-body physics, which can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions for spinor condensates. The collisional aspects of atom-dimer spinor condensates are also analyzed, and effects are predicted that derive from Efimov physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Colussi
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, USA
| | - J P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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16
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Huang B, Sidorenkov LA, Grimm R, Hutson JM. Observation of the second triatomic resonance in Efimov's scenario. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:190401. [PMID: 24877917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a three-body recombination resonance in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms at a very large negative value of the s-wave scattering length. The resonance is identified as the second triatomic Efimov resonance, which corresponds to the situation where the first excited Efimov state appears at the threshold of three free atoms. This observation, together with a finite-temperature analysis and the known first resonance, allows the most accurate demonstration to date of the discrete scaling behavior at the heart of Efimov physics. For the system of three identical bosons, we obtain a scaling factor of 21.0(1.3), close to the ideal value of 22.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leonid A Sidorenkov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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17
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Naidon P, Endo S, Ueda M. Microscopic origin and universality classes of the Efimov three-body parameter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:105301. [PMID: 24679303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy spectrum of three particles interacting via nearly resonant two-body interactions in the Efimov regime is set by the so-called three-body parameter. We show that the three-body parameter is essentially determined by the zero-energy two-body correlation. As a result, we identify two classes of two-body interactions for which the three-body parameter has a universal value in units of their effective range. One class involves the universality of the three-body parameter recently found in ultracold atom systems. The other is relevant to short-range interactions that can be found in nuclear physics and solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimpei Endo
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
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18
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Bloom RS, Hu MG, Cumby TD, Jin DS. Tests of universal three-body physics in an ultracold bose-fermi mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:105301. [PMID: 25166676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent measurements of Efimov resonances for a number of ultracold atom species have revealed an unexpected universality, in which three-body scattering properties are determined by the van der Waals length of the two-body interaction potential. To investigate whether this universality extends to heteronuclear mixtures, we measure loss rate coefficients in an ultracold trapped gas of 40K and 87Rb atoms. We find an Efimov-like resonance in the rate of inelastic collisions between 40K87Rb Feshbach molecules and 87Rb atoms. However, we do not observe any Efimov-related resonances in the rates of inelastic collisions between three atoms. These observations are compared to previous measurements by the LENS group of Efimov resonances in a 41K and 87Rb mixture as well as to recent predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Bloom
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Ming-Guang Hu
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tyler D Cumby
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Deborah S Jin
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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19
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Roy S, Landini M, Trenkwalder A, Semeghini G, Spagnolli G, Simoni A, Fattori M, Inguscio M, Modugno G. Test of the universality of the three-body Efimov parameter at narrow Feshbach resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053202. [PMID: 23952396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We measure the critical scattering length for the appearance of the first three-body bound state, or Efimov three-body parameter, at seven different Feshbach resonances in ultracold ^{39}K atoms. We study both intermediate and narrow resonances, where the three-body spectrum is expected to be determined by the nonuniversal coupling of two scattering channels. Instead, our observed ratio of the three-body parameter with the van der Waals radius is approximately the same universal ratio as for broader resonances. This unexpected observation suggests the presence of a new regime for three-body scattering at narrow resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Roy
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Firenze, and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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20
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Rem BS, Grier AT, Ferrier-Barbut I, Eismann U, Langen T, Navon N, Khaykovich L, Werner F, Petrov DS, Chevy F, Salomon C. Lifetime of the Bose gas with resonant interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:163202. [PMID: 23679599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the lifetime of a Bose gas at and around unitarity using a Feshbach resonance in lithium 7. At unitarity, we measure the temperature dependence of the three-body decay coefficient L(3). Our data follow a L(3)=λ(3)/T(2) law with λ(3)=2.5(3)(stat)(6)(syst)×10(-20) (μK)(2) cm(6) s(-1) and are in good agreement with our analytical result based on zero-range theory. Varying the scattering length a at fixed temperature, we investigate the crossover between the finite-temperature unitary region and the previously studied regime where |a| is smaller than the thermal wavelength. We find that L(3) is continuous across the resonance, and over the whole a<0 range our data quantitatively agree with our calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rem
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS and UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Wang Y, Wang J, D'Incao JP, Greene CH. Universal three-body parameter in heteronuclear atomic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:243201. [PMID: 23368316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.243201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Efimov physics, a three-body parameter (3BP), previously regarded as nonuniversal, uniquely defines bound and scattering properties of three particles. A universal 3BP, however, has been recently shown in experiments and theory in ultracold homonuclear gases. Our present study further predicts a universal 3BP for heteronuclear atomic systems near broad Feshbach resonances and provides physical interpretations for its origin. We show that for a system composed of two light and one heavy atom, the physical origin of the universal 3BP is similar to the homonuclear case, while for systems composed by one light and two heavy atoms, the universality of the 3BP is now mostly controlled by the heavy-heavy interatomic properties. This new universality is explained by the universal properties of the van der Waals interactions in a simple Born-Oppenheimer picture. Finally, we show the numerically determined 3BPs for some combinations of alkali atoms used in ultracold experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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22
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Tan S. Universal bound states of two particles in mixed dimensions or near a mirror. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:020401. [PMID: 23030131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Some novel two-body effects analogous to the well-known three-body Efimov effect are predicted. In the systems considered, particle A is constrained on a truncated or bent one-dimensional line or two-dimensional plane, or on one side of a flat mirror in three dimensions (3D). The constraining potential is fine-tuned such that particle A's ground state wave function is a constant in the region in which it is constrained. Particle B moves in 3D and interacts with particle A, resonantly. An infinite sequence of giant two-body bound states are found in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Tan
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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23
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24
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Wang J, D'Incao JP, Esry BD, Greene CH. Origin of the three-body parameter universality in Efimov physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:263001. [PMID: 23004972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years extensive theoretical and experimental studies of universal few-body physics have advanced our understanding of universal Efimov physics. Whereas theory had been the driving force behind our understanding of Efimov physics for decades, recent experiments have contributed an unexpected discovery. Specifically, measurements have found that the so-called three-body parameter determining several properties of the system is universal, even though fundamental assumptions in the theory of the Efimov effect suggest that it should be a variable property that depends on the precise details of the short-range two- and three-body interactions. The present Letter resolves this apparent contradiction by elucidating previously unanticipated implications of the two-body interactions. Our study shows that the three-body parameter universality emerges because a universal effective barrier in the three-body potentials prevents the three particles from simultaneously getting close together. Our results also show limitations on this universality, as it is more likely to occur for neutral atoms but less likely to extend to light nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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25
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Machtey O, Shotan Z, Gross N, Khaykovich L. Association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:210406. [PMID: 23003226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.210406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We develop an experimental technique for rf association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. We apply it to probe the lowest accessible Efimov energy level in bosonic lithium in the region where strong deviations from the universal behavior are expected, and provide a quantitative study of this effect. The position of the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold, measured using a different experimental technique, concurs with the rf association results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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26
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Machtey O, Kessler DA, Khaykovich L. Universal dimer in a collisionally opaque medium: experimental observables and Efimov resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:130403. [PMID: 22540683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A universal dimer is subject to secondary collisions with atoms when formed in a cloud of ultracold atoms via three-body recombination. We show that in a collisionally opaque medium, the value of the scattering length that results in the maximum number of secondary collisions may not correspond to the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold and thus cannot be automatically associated with it. This result explains a number of controversies in recent experimental results on universal three-body states and supports the emerging evidence for the significant finite range corrections to the first excited Efimov energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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27
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Wang Y, Laing WB, von Stecher J, Esry BD. Efimov physics in heteronuclear four-body systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:073201. [PMID: 22401201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study three- and four-body Efimov physics in a heteronuclear atomic system with three identical heavy bosonic atoms and one light atom. We show that exchange of the light atom between the heavy atoms leads to both three- and four-body features in the low-energy inelastic rate constants that trace to the Efimov effect. Further, the effective interaction generated by this exchange can provide an additional mechanism for control in ultracold experiments. Finally, we find that there is no true four-body Efimov effect-that is, no infinite number of four-body states in the absence of two- and three-body bound states-resolving a decades-long controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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28
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von Stecher J. Five- and six-body resonances tied to an Efimov trimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:200402. [PMID: 22181716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explore the properties of weakly bound bosonic states in the strongly interacting regime. Combining a correlated-Gaussian basis set expansion with a complex-scaling method, we extract the energies and structural properties of bosonic cluster states with N ≤ 6 for different two-body potentials. The identification of five- and six-body resonances attached to the first-excited-Efimov trimer provides strong support to the premise of Efimov universality in bosonic systems. Our study also reveals a rich structure of bosonic cluster states. Besides the lowest cluster states that behave as bosonic droplets, we identify cluster states weakly bound to one or two atoms forming effective cluster-atom dimers and cluster-atom-atom "trimers." The experimental signatures of these cluster states are discussed.
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29
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Navon N, Piatecki S, Günter K, Rem B, Nguyen TC, Chevy F, Krauth W, Salomon C. Dynamics and thermodynamics of the low-temperature strongly interacting Bose gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:135301. [PMID: 22026867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.135301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measure the zero-temperature equation of state of a homogeneous Bose gas of (7)Li atoms by analyzing the in situ density distributions of trapped samples. For increasing repulsive interactions our data show a clear departure from mean-field theory and provide a quantitative test of the many-body corrections first predicted in 1957 by Lee, Huang, and Yang [Phys. Rev. 106, 1135 (1957).]. We further probe the dynamic response of the Bose gas to a varying interaction strength and compare it to simple theoretical models. We deduce a lower bound for the value of the universal constant ξ > 0.44(8) that would characterize the universal Bose gas at the unitary limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Navon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS, UPMC, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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30
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Berninger M, Zenesini A, Huang B, Harm W, Nägerl HC, Ferlaino F, Grimm R, Julienne PS, Hutson JM. Universality of the three-body parameter for Efimov states in ultracold cesium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:120401. [PMID: 22026757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of triatomic Efimov resonances in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms. Exploiting the wide tunability of interactions resulting from three broad Feshbach resonances in the same spin channel, we measure magnetic-field dependent three-body recombination loss. The positions of the loss resonances yield corresponding values for the three-body parameter, which in universal few-body physics is required to describe three-body phenomena and, in particular, to fix the spectrum of Efimov states. Our observations show a robust universal behavior with a three-body parameter that stays essentially constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berninger
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Hammer HW, Platter L. Efimov physics from a renormalization group perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:2679-2700. [PMID: 21646273 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the physics of the Efimov effect from a renormalization group viewpoint using the concept of limit cycles. Furthermore, we discuss recent experiments providing evidence for the Efimov effect in ultracold gases and its relevance for nuclear systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Hammer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie) and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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32
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Wang Y, D'Incao JP, Greene CH. Efimov effect for three interacting bosonic dipoles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:233201. [PMID: 21770501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three oriented bosonic dipoles are treated by using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation, providing numerical evidence that the Efimov effect persists near a two-dipole resonance and in a system where angular momentum is not conserved. Our results further show that the Efimov features in scattering observables become universal, with a known three-body parameter; i.e., the resonance energies depend only on the two-body physics, which also has implications for the universal spectrum of the four-dipole problem. Moreover, the Efimov states should be long-lived, which is favorable for their creation and manipulation in ultracold dipolar gases. Finally, deeply bound two-dipole states are shown to be relatively stable against collisions with a third dipole, owing to the emergence of a repulsive interaction originating in the angular momentum nonconservation for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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33
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Nakajima S, Horikoshi M, Mukaiyama T, Naidon P, Ueda M. Measurement of an Efimov trimer binding energy in a three-component mixture of 6Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:143201. [PMID: 21561189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The binding energy of an Efimov trimer state was precisely determined via radio-frequency association. It is found that the measurement results shift significantly with temperature, but that the shift becomes negligible at the lowest temperature in our experiment. The shift-free part of the trimer binding energy reveals a significant deviation from the nonuniversal theory prediction based on a three-body parameter with a monotonic binding-energy dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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34
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Castin Y, Mora C, Pricoupenko L. Four-body Efimov effect for three fermions and a lighter particle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:223201. [PMID: 21231384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study three same-spin-state fermions of mass M interacting with a distinguishable particle of mass m in the unitary limit where the interaction has a zero range and an infinite s-wave scattering length. We predict an interval of mass ratio 13.384<M/m<13.607 where there exists a purely four-body Efimov effect, leading to the occurrence of weakly bound tetramers without Efimov trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Castin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure and CNRS, UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris, France
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35
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Lompe T, Ottenstein TB, Serwane F, Wenz AN, Zürn G, Jochim S. Radio-Frequency Association of Efimov Trimers. Science 2010; 330:940-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1193148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lompe
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timo B. Ottenstein
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Serwane
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andre N. Wenz
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Zürn
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selim Jochim
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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