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Elsayed HA, Mohamed AG, El-Sherbeeny AM, Aly AH, Abukhadra MR, Al Zoubi W, Mehaney A. Improved performance of temperature sensors based on the one-dimensional topological photonic crystals comprising hyperbolic metamaterials. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19733. [PMID: 39183352 PMCID: PMC11345424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper seeks to progress the field of topological photonic crystals (TPC) as a promising tool in face of construction flaws. In particular, the structure can be used as a novel temperature sensor. In this regard, the considered TPC structure comprising two different PC designs named PC1 and PC2. PC1 is designed from a stack of multilayers containing Silicon (Si) and Silicon dioxide (SiO2), while layers of SiO2 and composite layer named hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) are considered in designing PC2. The HMM layer is engineered using subwavelength layers of Si and Bismuth Germinate, or BGO (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ). The mainstay of our suggested temperature sensor is mainly based on the emergence of some resonant modes inside the transmittance spectrum that provide the stability in the presence of the geometrical changes. Meanwhile, our theoretical framework has been introduced in the vicinity of transfer matrix method (TMM), effective medium theory (EMT) and the thermo-optic characteristics of the considered materials. The numerical findings have extensively introduced the role of some topological parameters such as layers' thicknesses, filling ratio through HMM layers and the periodicity of HMM on the stability or the topological features of the introduced sensor. Meanwhile, the numerical results reveal that the considered design provides some topological edge states (TESs) of a promising robustness and stability against certain disturbances or geometrical changes in the constituent materials. In addition, our sensing tool offers a relatively high sensitivity of 0.27 nm/°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Elsayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Aliaa G Mohamed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Sherbeeny
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
- Department of Technical Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Materials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef City, Egypt
| | - Wail Al Zoubi
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt.
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2
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Vernier E, Yeh HC, Piroli L, Mitra A. Strong Zero Modes in Integrable Quantum Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:050606. [PMID: 39159099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
It is a classic result that certain interacting integrable spin chains host robust edge modes known as strong zero modes (SZMs). In this Letter, we extend this result to the Floquet setting of local quantum circuits, focusing on a prototypical model providing an integrable Trotterization for the evolution of the XXZ Heisenberg spin chain. By exploiting the algebraic structures of integrability, we show that an exact SZM operator can be constructed for these integrable quantum circuits in certain regions of parameter space. Our construction, which recovers a well-known result by Paul Fendley in the continuous-time limit, relies on a set of commuting transfer matrices known from integrability, and allows us to easily prove important properties of the SZM, including normalizabilty. Our approach is different from previous methods and could be of independent interest even in the Hamiltonian setting. Our predictions, which are corroborated by numerical simulations of infinite-temperature autocorrelation functions, are potentially interesting for implementations of the XXZ quantum circuit on available quantum platforms.
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3
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Petiziol F. Non-Abelian Anyons in Periodically Driven Abelian Spin Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:036601. [PMID: 39094173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.036601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
We show that non-Abelian anyons can emerge from an Abelian topologically ordered system subject to local time-periodic driving. This is illustrated with the toric-code model, as the canonical representative of a broad class of Abelian topological spin liquids. The Abelian anyons in the toric code include fermionic and bosonic quasiparticle excitations which see each other as π fluxes; namely, they result in the accumulation of a π phase if wound around each other. Non-Abelian behavior emerges because the Floquet modulation can engineer a nontrivial band topology for the fermions, inducing their fractionalization into Floquet-Majorana modes bound to the bosons. The latter then develop non-Abelian character akin to vortices in topological superconductors, realizing Ising topological order. Our findings shed light on the nonequilibrium physics of driven topologically ordered quantum matter and may facilitate the observation of non-Abelian behavior in engineered quantum systems.
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Lao J, Zhou T. Manipulating chiral Majorana mode with additional potential in superconductor-Chern insulator heterostructures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:405702. [PMID: 38955340 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5e2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We employed the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations to explore the states of chiral Majorana mode in quantum anomalous Hall insulators in proximity to a superconductor, leading to the development of an extensive topological phase diagram. Our investigation focused on how an additional potential affects the separation of chiral Majorana modes across different phase conditions. We substantiated our findings by examining the zero-energy Local Density of States spectrum and the probability distribution of the chiral Majorana modes. We established the universality of chiral Majorana mode separation by applying an additional potential. This finding serves as a vital resource for future endeavors aimed at controlling and detecting these particles, thereby contributing to the advancement of quantum computing and condensed matter physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Lao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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5
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Schmid H, Penner AG, Yang K, Glazman L, von Oppen F. Robust Spectral π Pairing in the Random-Field Floquet Quantum Ising Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:210401. [PMID: 38856289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Motivated by an experiment on a superconducting quantum processor [X. Mi et al., Science 378, 785 (2022).SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.abq5769], we study level pairings in the many-body spectrum of the random-field Floquet quantum Ising model. The pairings derive from Majorana zero and π modes when writing the spin model in Jordan-Wigner fermions. Both splittings have log-normal distributions with random transverse fields. In contrast, random longitudinal fields affect the zero and π splittings in drastically different ways. While zero pairings are rapidly lifted, the π pairings are remarkably robust, or even strengthened, up to vastly larger disorder strengths. We explain our results within a self-consistent Floquet perturbation theory and study implications for boundary spin correlations. The robustness of π pairings against longitudinal disorder may be useful for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schmid
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander-Georg Penner
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kang Yang
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid Glazman
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Felix von Oppen
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Joshi R, Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharjee S, Agarwala A. Signatures of quantum phases in a dissipative system. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:275601. [PMID: 38498950 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lindbladian formalism, as tuned to dissipative and open systems, has been all-pervasive to interpret non-equilibrium steady states of quantum many-body systems. We study the fate of free fermionic and superconducting phases in a dissipative one-dimensional Kitaev model-where the bath acts both as a source and a sink of fermionic particles with different coupling rates. As a function of these two couplings, we investigate the steady state, its entanglement content, and its approach from varying initial states. Interestingly, we find that the steady state phase diagram retains decipherable signatures of ground state critical physics. We also show that early-time fidelity is a useful marker to find a subclass of phase transitions in such situations. Moreover, we show that the survival of critical signatures at late-times, strongly depend on the thermal nature of the steady state. This connection hints at a correspondence between quantum observables and classical magnetism in the steady state of such systems. Our work uncovers interesting connections between dissipative quantum many-body systems, thermalization of a classical spin and many-body quantum critical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Joshi
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Souvik Bandyopadhyay
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Adhip Agarwala
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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7
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Ji X, Yang X. Generalized bulk-boundary correspondence in periodically driven non-Hermitian systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:243001. [PMID: 38387101 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2c73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We present a pedagogical review of the periodically driven non-Hermitian systems, particularly on the rich interplay between the non-Hermitian skin effect and the topology. We start by reviewing the non-Bloch band theory of the static non-Hermitian systems and discuss the establishment of its generalized bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC). Ultimately, we focus on the non-Bloch band theory of two typical periodically driven non-Hermitian systems: harmonically driven non-Hermitian system and periodically quenched non-Hermitian system. The non-Bloch topological invariants were defined on the generalized Brillouin zone and the real space wave functions to characterize the Floquet non-Hermtian topological phases. Then, the generalized BBC was established for the two typical periodically driven non-Hermitian systems. Additionally, we review novel phenomena in the higher-dimensional periodically driven non-Hermitian systems, including Floquet non-Hermitian higher-order topological phases and Floquet hybrid skin-topological modes. The experimental realizations and recent advances have also been surveyed. Finally, we end with a summarization and hope this pedagogical review can motivate further research on Floquet non-Hermtian topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosen Yang
- Department of Physics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang JH, Mei F, Xiao L, Jia S. Dynamical Detection of Topological Spectral Density. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:036603. [PMID: 38307045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.036603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Local density of states (LDOS) is emerging as powerful means of exploring classical-wave topological phases. However, the current LDOS detection method remains rare and merely works for static situations. Here, we introduce a generic dynamical method to detect both the static and Floquet LDOS, based on an elegant connection between dynamics of chiral density and local spectral densities. Moreover, we find that the Floquet LDOS allows to measure out Floquet quasienergy spectra and identify topological π modes. As an example, we demonstrate that both the static and Floquet higher-order topological phase can be universally identified via LDOS detection, regardless of whether the topological corner modes are in energy gaps, bands, or continuous energy spectra without band gaps. Our study opens a new avenue utilizing dynamics to detect topological spectral densities and provides a universal approach of identifying static and Floquet topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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9
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Ghosh AK, Nag T, Saha A. Generation of higher-order topological insulators using periodic driving. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:093001. [PMID: 37983922 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad0e2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Topological insulators (TIs) are a new class of materials that resemble ordinary band insulators in terms of a bulk band gap but exhibit protected metallic states on their boundaries. In this modern direction, higher-order TIs (HOTIs) are a new class of TIs in dimensionsd > 1. These HOTIs possess(d-1)-dimensional boundaries that, unlike those of conventional TIs, do not conduct via gapless states but are themselves TIs. Precisely, annth orderd-dimensional higher-order TI is characterized by the presence of boundary modes that reside on itsdc=(d-n)-dimensional boundary. For instance, a three-dimensional second (third) order TI hosts gapless (localized) modes on the hinges (corners), characterized bydc=1(0). Similarly, a second-order TI (SOTI) in two dimensions only has localized corner states (dc=0). These higher-order phases are protected by various crystalline as well as discrete symmetries. The non-equilibrium tunability of the topological phase has been a major academic challenge where periodic Floquet drive provides us golden opportunity to overcome that barrier. Here, we discuss different periodic driving protocols to generate Floquet HOTIs while starting from a non-topological or first-order topological phase. Furthermore, we emphasize that one can generate the dynamical anomalousπ-modes along with the concomitant 0-modes. The former can be realized only in a dynamical setup. We exemplify the Floquet higher-order topological modes in two and three dimensions in a systematic way. Especially, in two dimensions, we demonstrate a Floquet SOTI (FSOTI) hosting 0- andπcorner modes. Whereas a three-dimensional FSOTI and Floquet third-order TI manifest one- and zero-dimensional hinge and corner modes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnob Kumar Ghosh
- Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanay Nag
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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10
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Haxell DZ, Coraiola M, Sabonis D, Hinderling M, Ten Kate SC, Cheah E, Krizek F, Schott R, Wegscheider W, Belzig W, Cuevas JC, Nichele F. Microwave-induced conductance replicas in hybrid Josephson junctions without Floquet-Andreev states. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6798. [PMID: 37884490 PMCID: PMC10603169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-matter coupling allows control and engineering of complex quantum states. Here we investigate a hybrid superconducting-semiconducting Josephson junction subject to microwave irradiation by means of tunnelling spectroscopy of the Andreev bound state spectrum and measurements of the current-phase relation. For increasing microwave power, discrete levels in the tunnelling conductance develop into a series of equally spaced replicas, while the current-phase relation changes amplitude and skewness, and develops dips. Quantitative analysis of our results indicates that conductance replicas originate from photon assisted tunnelling of quasiparticles into Andreev bound states through the tunnelling barrier. Despite strong qualitative similarities with proposed signatures of Floquet-Andreev states, our study rules out this scenario. The distortion of the current-phase relation is explained by the interaction of Andreev bound states with microwave photons, including a non-equilibrium Andreev bound state occupation. The techniques outlined here establish a baseline to study light-matter coupling in hybrid nanostructures and distinguish photon assisted tunnelling from Floquet-Andreev states in mesoscopic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Coraiola
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Erik Cheah
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Filip Krizek
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Wegscheider
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Belzig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Li T, Hu H. Floquet non-Abelian topological insulator and multifold bulk-edge correspondence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6418. [PMID: 37828030 PMCID: PMC10570273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological phases characterized by non-Abelian charges are beyond the scope of the paradigmatic tenfold way and have gained increasing attention recently. Here we investigate topological insulators with multiple tangled gaps in Floquet settings and identify uncharted Floquet non-Abelian topological insulators without any static or Abelian analog. We demonstrate that the bulk-edge correspondence is multifold and follows the multiplication rule of the quaternion group Q8. The same quaternion charge corresponds to several distinct edge-state configurations that are fully determined by phase-band singularities of the time evolution. In the anomalous non-Abelian phase, edge states appear in all bandgaps despite trivial quaternion charge. Furthermore, we uncover an exotic swap effect-the emergence of interface modes with swapped driving, which is a signature of the non-Abelian dynamics and absent in Floquet Abelian systems. Our work, for the first time, presents Floquet topological insulators characterized by non-Abelian charges and opens up exciting possibilities for exploring the rich and uncharted territory of non-equilibrium topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhou L, Zhang DJ. Non-Hermitian Floquet Topological Matter-A Review. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1401. [PMID: 37895522 PMCID: PMC10606436 DOI: 10.3390/e25101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed a surge of interest in non-Hermitian Floquet topological matter due to its exotic properties resulting from the interplay between driving fields and non-Hermiticity. The present review sums up our studies on non-Hermitian Floquet topological matter in one and two spatial dimensions. We first give a bird's-eye view of the literature for clarifying the physical significance of non-Hermitian Floquet systems. We then introduce, in a pedagogical manner, a number of useful tools tailored for the study of non-Hermitian Floquet systems and their topological properties. With the aid of these tools, we present typical examples of non-Hermitian Floquet topological insulators, superconductors, and quasicrystals, with a focus on their topological invariants, bulk-edge correspondences, non-Hermitian skin effects, dynamical properties, and localization transitions. We conclude this review by summarizing our main findings and presenting our vision of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen Zhou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Key Laboratory of Optics and Optoelectronics, Qingdao 266100, China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Marine Physical Instruments and Equipment of MOE, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Da-Jian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Jin HK, Knolle J, Knap M. Fractionalized Prethermalization in a Driven Quantum Spin Liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:226701. [PMID: 37327444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.226701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum spin liquids subject to a periodic drive can display fascinating nonequilibrium heating behavior because of their emergent fractionalized quasiparticles. Here, we investigate a driven Kitaev honeycomb model and examine the dynamics of emergent Majorana matter and Z_{2} flux excitations. We uncover a distinct two-step heating profile-dubbed fractionalized prethermalization-and a quasistationary state with vastly different temperatures for the matter and the flux sectors. We argue that this peculiar prethermalization behavior is a consequence of fractionalization. Furthermore, we discuss an experimentally feasible protocol for preparing a zero-flux initial state of the Kiteav honeycomb model with a low energy density, which can be used to observe fractionalized prethermalization in quantum information processing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ke Jin
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Knolle
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße. 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Knap
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße. 4, 80799 München, Germany
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14
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Xu X, Wang J, Dai J, Mao R, Cai H, Zhu SY, Wang DW. Floquet Superradiance Lattices in Thermal Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:273603. [PMID: 36638288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.273603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Floquet modulation has been widely used in optical lattices for coherent control of quantum gases, in particular for synthesizing artificial gauge fields and simulating topological matters. However, such modulation induces heating which can overwhelm the signal of quantum dynamics in ultracold atoms. Here we report that the thermal motion, instead of being a noise source, provides a new control knob in Floquet-modulated superradiance lattices, which are momentum-space tight-binding lattices of collectively excited states of atoms. The Doppler shifts combined with Floquet modulation provide effective forces along arbitrary directions in a lattice in frequency and momentum dimensions. Dynamic localization, dynamic delocalization, and chiral edge currents can be simultaneously observed from a single transport spectrum of superradiance lattices in thermal atoms. Our Letter paves a way for simulating Floquet topological matters in room-temperature atoms and facilitates their applications in photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhao Dai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruosong Mao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Mondal S, Sen D, Dutta A. Disconnected entanglement entropy as a marker of edge modes in a periodically driven Kitaev chain. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:085601. [PMID: 36541508 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca7f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We study the disconnected entanglement entropy (DEE) of a Kitaev chain in which the chemical potential is periodically modulated withδ-function pulses within the framework of Floquet theory. For this driving protocol, the DEE of a sufficiently large system with open boundary conditions turns out to be integer-quantized, with the integer being equal to the number of Majorana edge modes localized at each edge of the chain generated by the periodic driving, thereby establishing the DEE as a marker for detecting Floquet Majorana edge modes. Analyzing the DEE, we further show that these Majorana edge modes are robust against weak spatial disorder and temporal noise. Interestingly, we find that the DEE may, in some cases, also detect the anomalous edge modes which can be generated by periodic driving of the nearest-neighbor hopping, even though such modes have no topological significance and not robust against spatial disorder. We also probe the behavior of the DEE for a kicked Ising chain in the presence of an integrability breaking interaction which has been experimentally realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Diptiman Sen
- Centre for High Energy Physics and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Amit Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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17
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Cheng Z, Bomantara RW, Xue H, Zhu W, Gong J, Zhang B. Observation of π/2 Modes in an Acoustic Floquet System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:254301. [PMID: 36608239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.254301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological phases of matter have remained an active area of research in the last few decades. Periodic driving is a powerful tool for enriching such exotic phases, leading to various phenomena with no static analogs. One such phenomenon is the emergence of the elusive π/2 modes, i.e., a type of topological boundary state pinned at a quarter of the driving frequency. The latter may lead to the formation of Floquet parafermions in the presence of interaction, which is known to support more computational power than Majorana particles. In this Letter, we experimentally verify the signature of π/2 modes in an acoustic waveguide array, which is designed to simulate a square-root periodically driven Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. This is accomplished by confirming the 4T-periodicity (T being the driving period) profile of an initial-boundary excitation, which we also show theoretically to be the smoking gun evidence of π/2 modes. Our findings are expected to motivate further studies of π/2 modes in quantum systems for potential technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Cheng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Raditya Weda Bomantara
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haoran Xue
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jiangbin Gong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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18
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Exactly solving the Kitaev chain and generating Majorana-zero-modes out of noisy qubits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19882. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMajorana-zero-modes (MZMs) were predicted to exist as edge states of a physical system called the Kitaev chain. MZMs should host particles that are their own antiparticles and could be used as a basis for a qubit which is robust-to-noise. However, all attempts to prove their existence gave inconclusive results. Here, the Kitaev chain is exactly solved with a quantum computing methodology and properties of MZMs are probed by generating eigenstates of the Kitev Hamiltonian on 3 noisy qubits of a publicly available quantum computer. After an ontological elaboration I show that two eigenstates of the Kitaev Hamiltonian exhibit eight signatures attributed to MZMs. The results presented here are a most comprehensive set of validations of MZMs ever conducted in an actual physical system. Furthermore, the findings of this manuscript are easily reproducible for any user of publicly available quantum computers, solving another important problem of research with MZMs—the result reproducibility crisis.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore.
| | - Jiangbin Gong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore; Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Raditya Weda Bomantara
- Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Hosseinifar F, Moghaddam AG. Topological states of generalized dissipative Majorana wires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 51:025301. [PMID: 36317366 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9ef7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the generalized one-dimensional (1D) quantum dissipative models corresponding to a Majorana wire which can possess more than one Majorana bound state at each end. The system consists of a 1D fermionic open quantum system whose dynamics is governed by a quadratic Lindblad equation. Using the adjoint Lindblad equation for the fermionic two-point correlations, we find the gaps in the damping and purity spectra of a generic 1D model. Then, using the symmetry-based classification, we show that a winding number as the topological invariant can be defined which distinguishes different steady states of the system in the presence of damping and purity gaps. Then we focus on certain models with different Lindblad quantum jump terms and explore their phase diagrams by calculating the damping and the purity gaps as well as the winding number. In particular, we show that by inclusion of quantum jumps between next-nearest-neighbor sites, higher winding numbers and equivalently more Majorana bound states can be achieved. Also, by introducing imbalanced couplings we can switch between states with negative and positive winding numbers. Finally, we should mention that since our formulation is based on the fermionic correlations rather than the Majorana operators, it can be easily extended to the dissipative topological phases belonging to other symmetry classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farokhnaz Hosseinifar
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Ali G Moghaddam
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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21
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Zhuang J, Huang CY, Chang PY, Wang DW. 2D gapless topological superfluids generated by pairing phases. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:415403. [PMID: 35882220 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigate the ground state phase diagram and the finite temperature phase transitions for a Rydberg-dressed Fermi gas loaded in a bilayer optical lattice. When an effective finite-ranged attraction is induced, our self-consistent mean-field calculation shows that the gapped topological (p-wave) superfluids in each layer are coupled together by thes-wave pairing in an intermediate inter-layer distance with a spontaneously modulated phases between these two order parameters. The obtained ground state is a gapless topological superfluid with quantized topological charges characterizing the gapless points, leading to a zero energy flat band at the edges. Finally, we calculate the finite temperature phase diagrams of this two-dimensional gapless superfluid and observe two distinct critical temperatures, demonstrating the fruitful many-body effects on a paired topological superfluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Zhuang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Wei Wang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Theory and Computation, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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22
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Matthies A, Park J, Berg E, Rosch A. Stability of Floquet Majorana Box Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:127702. [PMID: 35394315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In one-dimensional topological superconductors driven periodically with the frequency ω, two types of topological edge modes may appear, the well-known Majorana zero mode and a Floquet Majorana mode located at the quasienergy ℏω/2. We investigate two Josephson-coupled topological quantum wires in the presence of Coulomb interactions, forming a so-called Majorana box qubit. An oscillating gate voltage can induce Floquet Majorana modes in both wires. This allows for the encoding of three qubits in a sector with fixed electron parity. If such a system is prepared by increasing the amplitude of oscillations adiabatically, it is inherently unstable as interactions resonantly create quasiparticles. This can be avoided by using instead a protocol where the oscillation frequency is increased slowly. In this case, one can find a parameter regime where the system remains stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Matthies
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jinhong Park
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erez Berg
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Achim Rosch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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23
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Park S, Lee W, Jang S, Choi YB, Park J, Jung W, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Cho GY, Lee GH. Steady Floquet-Andreev states in graphene Josephson junctions. Nature 2022; 603:421-426. [PMID: 35296842 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineering quantum states through light-matter interaction has created a paradigm in condensed-matter physics. A representative example is the Floquet-Bloch state, which is generated by time-periodically driving the Bloch wavefunctions in crystals. Previous attempts to realize such states in condensed-matter systems have been limited by the transient nature of the Floquet states produced by optical pulses1-3, which masks the universal properties of non-equilibrium physics. Here we report the generation of steady Floquet-Andreev states in graphene Josephson junctions by continuous microwave application and direct measurement of their spectra by superconducting tunnelling spectroscopy. We present quantitative analysis of the spectral characteristics of the Floquet-Andreev states while varying the phase difference of the superconductors, the temperature, the microwave frequency and the power. The oscillations of the Floquet-Andreev-state spectrum with phase difference agreed with our theoretical calculations. Moreover, we confirmed the steady nature of the Floquet-Andreev states by establishing a sum rule of tunnelling conductance4, and analysed the spectral density of Floquet states depending on Floquet interaction strength. This study provides a basis for understanding and engineering non-equilibrium quantum states in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sein Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Choi
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Jung
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gil Young Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Diessel OK, Diehl S, Chiocchetta A. Emergent Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Phase in Quadratically Driven Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:070401. [PMID: 35244410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.070401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In bosonic gases at thermal equilibrium, an external quadratic drive can induce a Bose-Einstein condensation described by the Ising transition, as a consequence of the explicitly broken U(1) phase rotation symmetry down to Z_{2}. However, in physical realizations such as exciton polaritons and nonlinear photonic lattices, thermal equilibrium is lost and the state is rather determined by a balance between losses and external drive. A fundamental question is then how nonequilibrium fluctuations affect this transition. Here, we show that in a two-dimensional driven-dissipative Bose system the Ising phase is suppressed and replaced by a nonequilibrium phase featuring Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) physics. Its emergence is rooted in a U(1)-symmetry restoration mechanism enabled by the strong fluctuations in reduced dimensionality. Moreover, we show that the presence of the quadratic drive term enhances the visibility of the KPZ scaling, compared to two-dimensional U(1)-symmetric gases, where it has remained so far elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana K Diessel
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diehl
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Chiocchetta
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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25
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Topological Superconducting Transition Characterized by a Modified Real-Space-Pfaffian Method and Mobility Edges in a One-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Lattice. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified real-space-Pfaffian method is applied to characterize the topological superconducting transition of a one-dimensional p-wave superconductor with quasiperiodic potentials. We found that the Majorana zero-energy mode exists in the topological non-trivial phase, and its spatial distribution is localized at ends of the system, whereas in the topological trivial phase, there is no Majorana zero mode. Furthermore, we numerically found that due to the competition between the localized quasi-disorder and the extended p-wave pairing, there are mobility edges in the energy spectra. Our theoretical work enriches the research on the quasiperiodic p-wave superconducting models.
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26
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Marra P, Nigro A. Majorana/Andreev crossover and the fate of the topological phase transition in inhomogeneous nanowires. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:124001. [PMID: 34929683 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac44d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Majorana bound states (MBS) and Andreev bound states (ABS) in realistic Majorana nanowires setups have similar experimental signatures which make them hard to distinguishing one from the other. Here, we characterize the continuous Majorana/Andreev crossover interpolating between fully-separated, partially-separated, and fully-overlapping Majorana modes, in terms of global and local topological invariants, fermion parity, quasiparticle densities, Majorana pseudospin and spin polarizations, density overlaps and transition probabilities between opposite Majorana components. We found that in inhomogeneous wires, the transition between fully-overlapping trivial ABS and nontrivial MBS does not necessarily mandate the closing of the bulk gap of quasiparticle excitations, but a simple parity crossing of partially-separated Majorana modes (ps-MM) from trivial to nontrivial regimes. We demonstrate that fully-separated and fully-overlapping Majorana modes correspond to the two limiting cases at the opposite sides of a continuous crossover: the only distinction between the two can be obtained by estimating the degree of separations of the Majorana components. This result does not contradict the bulk-edge correspondence: indeed, the field inhomogeneities driving the Majorana/Andreev crossover have a length scale comparable with the nanowire length, and therefore correspond to a nonlocal perturbation which breaks the topological protection of the MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marra
- Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8914, Japan
- Department of Physics, and Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Angela Nigro
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E. R. Caianiello', Università degli Studi di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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27
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Timms CI, Sieberer LM, Kolodrubetz MH. Quantized Floquet Topology with Temporal Noise. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:270601. [PMID: 35061414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.270601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Time-periodic (Floquet) drive is a powerful method to engineer quantum phases of matter, including fundamentally nonequilibrium states that are impossible in static Hamiltonian systems. One characteristic example is the anomalous Floquet insulator, which exhibits topologically quantized chiral edge states similar to a Chern insulator, yet is amenable to bulk localization. We study the response of this topological system to time-dependent noise, which breaks the topologically protecting Floquet symmetry. Surprisingly, we find that the quantized response, given by partially filling the fermionic system and measuring charge pumped per cycle, remains quantized up to finite noise amplitude. We trace this robust topology to an interplay between diffusion and Pauli blocking of edge state decay, which we expect should be robust against interactions. We determine the boundaries of the topological phase for a system with spatial disorder numerically through level statistics, and corroborate our results in the limit of vanishing disorder through an analytical Floquet superoperator approach. This approach suggests an interpretation of the state of the system as a non-Hermitian Floquet topological phase. We comment on quantization of other topological responses in the absence of Floquet symmetry and potential experimental realizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Timms
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Lukas M Sieberer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Bessho T, Sato M. Nielsen-Ninomiya Theorem with Bulk Topology: Duality in Floquet and Non-Hermitian Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:196404. [PMID: 34797152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.196404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem is a fundamental theorem on the realization of chiral fermions in static lattice systems in high-energy and condensed matter physics. Here we extend the theorem in dynamical systems, which include the original Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem in the static limit. In contrast to the original theorem, which is a no-go theorem for bulk chiral fermions, the new theorem permits them due to bulk topology intrinsic to dynamical systems. The theorem is based on duality enabling a unified treatment of periodically driven systems and non-Hermitian ones. We also present the extended theorem for nonchiral gapless fermions protected by symmetry. Finally, as an application of our theorem and duality, we predict a new type of chiral magnetic effect-the non-Hermitian chiral magnetic skin effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Bessho
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Sato
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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29
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Nathan F, Ge R, Gazit S, Rudner M, Kolodrubetz M. Quasiperiodic Floquet-Thouless Energy Pump. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:166804. [PMID: 34723589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.166804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study a disordered one-dimensional fermionic system subject to quasiperiodic driving by two modes with incommensurate frequencies. We show that the system supports a topological phase in which energy is transferred between the two driving modes at a quantized rate. The phase is protected by a combination of disorder-induced spatial localization and frequency localization, a mechanism unique to quasiperiodically driven systems. We demonstrate that an analogue of the phase can be realized in a cavity-qubit system driven by two incommensurate modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Nathan
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Rongchun Ge
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Snir Gazit
- Racah Institute of Physics and The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Mark Rudner
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kolodrubetz
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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30
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Yu J, Zhang RX, Song ZD. Dynamical symmetry indicators for Floquet crystals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5985. [PMID: 34645782 PMCID: PMC8514516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various exotic topological phases of Floquet systems have been shown to arise from crystalline symmetries. Yet, a general theory for Floquet topology that is applicable to all crystalline symmetry groups is still in need. In this work, we propose such a theory for (effectively) non-interacting Floquet crystals. We first introduce quotient winding data to classify the dynamics of the Floquet crystals with equivalent symmetry data, and then construct dynamical symmetry indicators (DSIs) to sufficiently indicate the inherently dynamical Floquet crystals. The DSI and quotient winding data, as well as the symmetry data, are all computationally efficient since they only involve a small number of Bloch momenta. We demonstrate the high efficiency by computing all elementary DSI sets for all spinless and spinful plane groups using the mathematical theory of monoid, and find a large number of different nontrivial classifications, which contain both first-order and higher-order 2+1D anomalous Floquet topological phases. Using the framework, we further find a new 3+1D anomalous Floquet second-order topological insulator (AFSOTI) phase with anomalous chiral hinge modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yu
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Rui-Xing Zhang
- Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Da Song
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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31
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Ye B, Machado F, Yao NY. Floquet Phases of Matter via Classical Prethermalization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:140603. [PMID: 34652206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.140603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the prethermal regime of periodically driven (Floquet), classical many-body systems can host nonequilibrium phases of matter. In particular, we show that there exists an effective Hamiltonian that captures the dynamics of ensembles of classical trajectories despite the breakdown of this description at the single trajectory level. In addition, we prove that the effective Hamiltonian can host emergent symmetries protected by the discrete time-translation symmetry of the drive. The spontaneous breaking of such an emergent symmetry leads to a subharmonic response, characteristic of time crystalline order, that survives to exponentially late times in the frequency of the drive. To this end, we numerically demonstrate the existence of classical prethermal time crystals in systems with different dimensionalities and ranges of interaction. Extensions to higher order and fractional time crystals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtian Ye
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Francisco Machado
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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32
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De Daniloff C, Tharrault M, Enesa C, Salomon C, Chevy F, Reimann T, Struck J. In Situ Thermometry of Fermionic Cold-Atom Quantum Wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:113602. [PMID: 34558929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study ensembles of fermionic cold-atom quantum wires with tunable transverse mode population and single-wire resolution. From in situ density profiles, we determine the temperature of the atomic wires in the weakly interacting limit and reconstruct the underlying potential landscape. By varying atom number and temperature, we control the occupation of the transverse modes and study the 1D-3D crossover. In the 1D limit, we observe an increase of the reduced temperature T/T_{F} at nearly constant entropy per particle S/Nk_{B}. The ability to probe individual atomic wires in situ paves the way to quantitatively study equilibrium and transport properties of strongly interacting 1D Fermi gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément De Daniloff
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marin Tharrault
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Enesa
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Salomon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Chevy
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Reimann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julian Struck
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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33
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Zhang RX, Das Sarma S. Anomalous Floquet Chiral Topological Superconductivity in a Topological Insulator Sandwich Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:067001. [PMID: 34420352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show that Floquet chiral topological superconductivity arises naturally in Josephson junctions made of magnetic topological insulator-superconductor sandwich structures. The Josephson phase modulation associated with an applied bias voltage across the junction drives the system into the anomalous Floquet chiral topological superconductor hosting chiral Majorana edge modes in the quasienergy spectrum, with the bulk Floquet bands carrying zero Chern numbers. The bias voltage acts as a tuning parameter enabling novel Floquet topological quantum phase transitions driving the system into a myriad of exotic Majorana-carrying Floquet topological superconducting phases. Our theory establishes a new paradigm for realizing Floquet chiral topological superconductivity in solid-state systems, which should be experimentally directly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xing Zhang
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - S Das Sarma
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
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34
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Casado-Pascual J, Lamata L, Reynoso AA. Spin dynamics under the influence of elliptically rotating fields: Extracting the field topology from time-averaged quantities. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052139. [PMID: 34134222 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Systems that can be effectively described as a localized spin-s particle subject to time-dependent fields have attracted a great deal of interest due to, among other things, their relevance for quantum technologies. Establishing analytical relationships between the topological features of the applied fields and certain time-averaged quantities of the spin can provide important information for the theoretical understanding of these systems. Here, we address this question in the case of a localized spin-s particle subject to a static magnetic field coplanar to a coexisting elliptically rotating magnetic field. The total field periodically traces out an ellipse which encloses the origin of the coordinate system or not, depending on the values taken on by the static and the rotating components. As a result, two regimes with different topological properties characterized by the winding number of the total field emerge: the winding number is 1 if the origin lies inside the ellipse, and 0 if it lies outside. We show that the time average of the energy associated with the rotating component of the magnetic field is always proportional to the time average of the out-of-plane component of the expectation value of the spin. Moreover, the product of the signs of these two time-averaged quantities is uniquely determined by the topology of the total field and, consequently, provides a measurable indicator of this topology. We also propose an implementation of these theoretical results in a trapped-ion quantum system. Remarkably, our findings are valid in the totality of the parameter space and regardless of the initial state of the spin. In particular, when the system is prepared in a Floquet state, we demonstrate that the quasienergies, as a function of the driving amplitude at constant eccentricity, have stationary points at the topological transition boundary. The ability of the topological indicator proposed here to accurately locate the abrupt topological transition can have practical applications for the determination of unknown parameters appearing in the Hamiltonian. In addition, our predictions about the quasienergies can assist in the interpretation of conductance measurements in transport experiments with spin carriers in mesoscopic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Casado-Pascual
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado de Correos 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lucas Lamata
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado de Correos 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés A Reynoso
- INN-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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35
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Yang Z, Yang Q, Hu J, Liu DE. Dissipative Floquet Majorana Modes in Proximity-Induced Topological Superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:086801. [PMID: 33709754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.086801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study a realistic Floquet topological superconductor, a periodically driven nanowire proximitized to an equilibrium s-wave superconductor. Because of the strong energy and density fluctuations caused by the superconducting proximity effect, the Floquet Majorana wire becomes dissipative. We show that the Floquet band structure is still preserved in this dissipative system. In particular, we find that the Floquet Majorana zero and π modes can no longer be simply described by the Floquet topological band theory. We also propose an effective model to simplify the calculation of the lifetime of these Floquet Majoranas and find that the lifetime can be engineered by the external driving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhesen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- South Bay Interdisciplinary Science Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Dong E Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100184, China
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36
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Xu J, Zhong C, Han X, Jin D, Jiang L, Zhang X. Floquet Cavity Electromagnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:237201. [PMID: 33337181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid magnonics has recently attracted intensive attention as a promising platform for coherent information processing. In spite of its rapid development, on-demand control over the interaction of magnons with other information carriers, in particular, microwave photons in electromagnonic systems, has been long missing, significantly limiting the potential broad applications of hybrid magnonics. Here, we show that, by introducing Floquet engineering into cavity electromagnonics, coherent control on the magnon-microwave photon coupling can be realized. Leveraging the periodic temporal modulation from a Floquet drive, our first-of-its-kind Floquet cavity electromagnonic system enables the manipulation of the interaction between hybridized cavity electromagnonic modes. Moreover, we have achieved a new coupling regime in such systems: the Floquet ultrastrong coupling, where the Floquet splitting is comparable with or even larger than the level spacing of the two interacting modes, beyond the conventional rotating-wave picture. Our findings open up new directions for magnon-based coherent signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changchun Zhong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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37
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Perfetto E, Stefanucci G. Floquet Topological Phase of Nondriven p-Wave Nonequilibrium Excitonic Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:106401. [PMID: 32955296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nontrivial topology of p-wave superfluids makes these systems attractive candidates in information technology. In this work we report on the topological state of a p-wave nonequilibrium excitonic insulator (NEQ-EI) and show how to steer a nontopological band insulator with bright p excitons toward this state by a suitable laser pulse, thus achieving a dynamical topological phase transition. The underlying mechanism behind the transition is the broken gauge-symmetry of the NEQ-EI which causes self-sustained persistent oscillations of the excitonic condensate and hence a Floquet topological state for high enough exciton densities. We show the formation of Floquet Majorana modes at the boundaries of the open system and discuss unique topological spectral signatures for time-resolved ARPES experiments. We emphasize that the topological properties of a p-wave NEQ-EI arise exclusively from the electron-hole Coulomb interaction as the system is not driven by external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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38
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Crowley PJD, Martin I, Chandran A. Half-Integer Quantized Topological Response in Quasiperiodically Driven Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:100601. [PMID: 32955337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A spin strongly driven by two harmonic incommensurate drives can pump energy from one drive to the other at a quantized average rate, in close analogy with the quantum Hall effect. The pumping rate is a nonzero integer in the topological regime, while the trivial regime does not pump. The dynamical transition between the regimes is sharp in the zero-frequency limit and is characterized by a Dirac point in a synthetic band structure. We show that the pumping rate is half-integer quantized at the transition and present universal Kibble-Zurek scaling functions for energy transfer processes. Our results adapt ideas from quantum phase transitions, quantum information, and topological band theory to nonequilibrium dynamics, and identify qubit experiments to observe the universal linear and nonlinear response of a Dirac point in synthetic dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J D Crowley
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - I Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Chandran
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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39
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Jangjan M, Hosseini MV. Floquet engineering of topological metal states and hybridization of edge states with bulk states in dimerized two-leg ladders. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14256. [PMID: 32868854 PMCID: PMC7459342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider asymmetric and symmetric dimerized two-leg ladders, comprising of four different lattice points per unit cell, illuminated by circularly polarized light. In the asymmetric dimerized ladder case, rungs are not perpendicular to the ladder’s legs whereas the rungs are perpendicular to the legs for the symmetric one. Using the Floquet theory, we obtain an effective Hamiltonian to study topological properties of the systems. Depending on the dimerization strength and driving amplitude, it is shown that topologically protected edge states manifest themselves not only as a zero-energy band within the gap between conduction and valence band but also as finite-energy curved bands inside the gap of subbands. The latter one can penetrate into bulk states and hybridize with the bulk states revealing hybridized Floquet topological metal phase with delocalized edge states in the asymmetric ladder case. However, in the symmetric ladder, the finite-energy edge states while remaining localized can coexist with the extended bulk states manifesting Floquet topological metal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Jangjan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Mir Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
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40
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Shtanko O, Movassagh R. Unitary Subharmonic Response and Floquet Majorana Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:086804. [PMID: 32909776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.086804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection and manipulation of excitations with non-Abelian statistics, such as Majorana fermions, are essential for creating topological quantum computers. To this end, we show the connection between the existence of such localized particles and the phenomenon of unitary subharmonic response (SR) in periodically driven systems. In particular, starting from highly nonequilibrium initial states, the unpaired Majorana modes exhibit spin oscillations with twice the driving period, are localized, and can have exponentially long lifetimes in clean systems. While the lifetime of SR is limited in translationally invariant systems, we show that disorder can be engineered to stabilize the subharmonic response of Majorana modes. A viable observation of this phenomenon can be achieved using modern multiqubit hardware, such as superconducting circuits and cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oles Shtanko
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ramis Movassagh
- IBM Research, MIT-IBM AI lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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41
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Chinzei K, Ikeda TN. Time Crystals Protected by Floquet Dynamical Symmetry in Hubbard Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:060601. [PMID: 32845651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate an unconventional symmetry in time-periodically driven systems, the Floquet dynamical symmetry (FDS). Unlike the usual symmetries, the FDS gives symmetry sectors that are equidistant in the Floquet spectrum and protects quantum coherence between them from dissipation and dephasing, leading to two kinds of time crystals: the discrete time crystal and discrete time quasicrystal that have different periodicity in time. We show that these time crystals appear in the Bose- and Fermi-Hubbard models under ac fields and their periodicity can be tuned only by adjusting the strength of the field. These time crystals arise only from the FDS and thus appear in both dissipative and isolated systems and in the presence of disorder as long as the FDS is respected. We discuss their experimental realizations in cold atom experiments and generalization to the SU(N)-symmetric Hubbard models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Chinzei
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko N Ikeda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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42
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Bomantara RW, Gong J. Combating quasiparticle poisoning with multiple Majorana fermions in a periodically-driven quantum wire. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:435301. [PMID: 32619993 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quasiparticle poisoning has remained one of the main challenges in the implementation of Majorana-based quantum computing. It inevitably occurs when the system hosting Majorana qubits is not completely isolated from its surrounding, thus considerably limiting its computational time. We propose the use of periodic driving to generate multiple Majorana fermions at each end of a single quantum wire, which naturally provides the necessary resources to implement active quantum error corrections with minimal space overhead. In particular, we present a stabilizer code protocol that can specifically detect and correct any single quasiparticle poisoning event. Such a protocol is implementable via existing proximitized semiconducting nanowire proposals, where all of its stabilizer operators can be measured from an appropriate Majorana parity dependent four-terminal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raditya Weda Bomantara
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jiangbin Gong
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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43
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Wu YJ, Hou J, Li YM, Luo XW, Shi X, Zhang C. In-Plane Zeeman-Field-Induced Majorana Corner and Hinge Modes in an s-Wave Superconductor Heterostructure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:227001. [PMID: 32567912 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.227001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-order topological superconductors host Majorana corner and hinge modes in contrast to conventional edge and surface modes in two and three dimensions. However, the realization of such second-order corner modes usually demands unconventional superconducting pairing or complicated junctions or layered structures. Here we show that Majorana corner modes could be realized using a 2D quantum spin Hall insulator in proximity contact with an s-wave superconductor and subject to an in-plane Zeeman field. Beyond a critical value, the in-plane Zeeman field induces opposite effective Dirac masses between adjacent boundaries, leading to one Majorana mode at each corner. A similar paradigm also applies to 3D topological insulators with the emergence of Majorana hinge states. Avoiding complex superconductor pairing and material structure, our scheme provides an experimentally realistic platform for implementing Majorana corner and hinge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Wu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
- School of Science, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junpeng Hou
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Yun-Mei Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Xi-Wang Luo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
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44
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Wang HY, Zhuang L, Gao XL, Zhao XD, Liu WM. Robust Majorana edge modes with low frequency multiple time periodic driving. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:355404. [PMID: 32344387 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8ddd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Floquet Majorana edge modes capture the topological features of periodically driven p-wave superconductors. We present a Kitaev chain with multiple time periodic driving terms. Our results demonstrate how multiple driving will affect Floquet bands in frequency space, leading to more robust Floquet Majorana edge modes against driving frequencyωin comparison with the single driving scenario. Meanwhile, we have proposed how to predict Majorana edge modes via the Zak phase of Floquet bands. Besides, in contrast to the cases with single driving term, where the constant phase can be gauged out by properly choosing the initial time, we have shown the relative phase between multiple driving can not be gauged out and will play a dominant role in deciding topological phase transitions. For the sake of completeness, we also investigate the high frequency limit. Analytical results on effective Hamiltonian can be obtained via Magnus expansion and relative phase induced topological transitions can be shown explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Long Gao
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Dong Zhao
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Ming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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45
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Hu H, Zhao E. Topological Invariants for Quantum Quench Dynamics from Unitary Evolution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:160402. [PMID: 32383903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.160402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments began to explore the topological properties of quench dynamics, i.e., the time evolution following a sudden change in the Hamiltonian, via tomography of quantum gases in optical lattices. In contrast to the well-established theory for static band insulators or periodically driven systems, at present it is not clear whether, and how, topological invariants can be defined for a general quench of band insulators. Previous work solved a special case of this problem beautifully using Hopf mapping of two-band Hamiltonians in two dimensions. However, it only works for a topologically trivial initial state and is hard to generalize to multiband systems or other dimensions. Here we introduce the concept of loop unitary constructed from the unitary time-evolution operator and show its homotopy invariant fully characterizes the dynamical topology. For two-band systems in two dimensions, we prove that the invariant is precisely equal to the change in the Chern number across the quench, regardless of the initial state. We further show that the nontrivial dynamical topology manifests as hedgehog defects in the loop unitary and also as winding and linking of its eigenvectors along a curve where dynamical quantum phase transition occurs. This opens up a systematic route to classify and characterize quantum quench dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Erhai Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
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Chew A, Mross DF, Alicea J. Time-Crystalline Topological Superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:096802. [PMID: 32202877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.096802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time crystals form when arbitrary physical states of a periodically driven system spontaneously break discrete time-translation symmetry. We introduce one-dimensional time-crystalline topological superconductors, for which time-translation symmetry breaking and topological physics intertwine-yielding anomalous Floquet Majorana modes that are not possible in free-fermion systems. Such a phase exhibits a bulk magnetization that returns to its original form after two drive periods, together with Majorana end modes that recover their initial form only after four drive periods. We propose experimental implementations and detection schemes for this new state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chew
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - David F Mross
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jason Alicea
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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47
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Hu H, Huang B, Zhao E, Liu WV. Dynamical Singularities of Floquet Higher-Order Topological Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:057001. [PMID: 32083918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We propose a versatile framework to dynamically generate Floquet higher-order topological insulators by multistep driving of topologically trivial Hamiltonians. Two analytically solvable examples are used to illustrate this procedure to yield Floquet quadrupole and octupole insulators with zero- and/or π-corner modes protected by mirror symmetries. Furthermore, we introduce dynamical topological invariants from the full unitary return map and show its phase bands contain Weyl singularities whose topological charges form dynamical multipole moments in the Brillouin zone. Combining them with the topological index of a Floquet Hamiltonian gives a pair of Z_{2} invariant ν_{0} and ν_{π} which fully characterize the higher-order topology and predict the appearance of zero- and π-corner modes. Our work establishes a systematic route to construct and characterize Floquet higher-order topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Erhai Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
- Quantum Materials Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - W Vincent Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy and T.D. Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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48
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Xie D, Deng TS, Xiao T, Gou W, Chen T, Yi W, Yan B. Topological Quantum Walks in Momentum Space with a Bose-Einstein Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:050502. [PMID: 32083915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental implementation of discrete-time topological quantum walks of a Bose-Einstein condensate in momentum space. Introducing stroboscopic driving sequences to the generation of a momentum lattice, we show that the dynamics of atoms along the lattice is effectively governed by a periodically driven Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, which is equivalent to a discrete-time topological quantum walk. We directly measure the underlying topological invariants through time-averaged mean chiral displacements, which are consistent with our experimental observation of topological phase transitions. We then observe interaction-induced localization in the quantum-walk dynamics, where atoms tend to populate a single momentum-lattice site under interactions that are nonlocal in momentum space. Our experiment opens up the avenue of investigating discrete-time topological quantum walks using cold atoms, where the many-body environment and tunable interactions offer exciting new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizhou Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device of Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tian-Shu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Teng Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device of Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Gou
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device of Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device of Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device of Physics Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200800, China
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Damanet F, Mascarenhas E, Pekker D, Daley AJ. Controlling Quantum Transport via Dissipation Engineering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:180402. [PMID: 31763915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the microscopic control over dissipative processes in quantum optics and cold atoms, we develop an open-system framework to study dissipative control of transport in strongly interacting fermionic systems, relevant for both solid-state and cold-atom experiments. We show how subgap currents exhibiting multiple Andreev reflections-the stimulated transport of electrons in the presence of Cooper pairs-can be controlled via engineering of superconducting leads or superfluid atomic gases. Our approach incorporates dissipation within the channel, which is naturally occurring and can be engineered in cold gas experiments. This opens opportunities for engineering many phenomena with transport in strongly interacting systems. As examples, we consider particle loss and dephasing, and note different behavior for currents with different microscopic origin. We also show how to induce nonreciprocal electron and Cooper-pair currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Damanet
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Mascarenhas
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - David Pekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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Qiu X, Deng TS, Hu Y, Xue P, Yi W. Fixed Points and Dynamic Topological Phenomena in a Parity-Time-Symmetric Quantum Quench. iScience 2019; 20:392-401. [PMID: 31622880 PMCID: PMC6818370 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We identify dynamic topological phenomena such as dynamic Chern numbers and dynamic quantum phase transitions in quantum quenches of the non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian with parity-time (PT) symmetry. Their occurrences in the non-unitary dynamics are intimately connected with fixed points in the Brillouin zone, where the density matrices do not evolve in time. Based on our theoretical formalism characterizing topological properties of non-unitary dynamics, we prove the existence of fixed points for quenches between distinct static topological phases in the PT-symmetry-preserving regime, thus unveiling the interplay between dynamic topological phenomena and PT symmetry. Interestingly, non-Hermiticity of the driving Hamiltonian gives rise to rich dynamic topological phenomena which are different, either qualitatively or quantitatively, from their counterparts in unitary dynamics. Our work sheds light on dynamic topological phenomena in open systems and is readily accessible in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingze Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tian-Shu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei 230026, China.
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