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Siegel JL, McGrew WF, Hassan YS, Chen CC, Beloy K, Grogan T, Zhang X, Ludlow AD. Excited-Band Coherent Delocalization for Improved Optical Lattice Clock Performance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133201. [PMID: 38613284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We implement coherent delocalization as a tool for improving the two primary metrics of atomic clock performance: systematic uncertainty and instability. By decreasing atomic density with coherent delocalization, we suppress cold-collision shifts and two-body losses. Atom loss attributed to Landau-Zener tunneling in the ground lattice band would compromise coherent delocalization at low trap depths for our ^{171}Yb atoms; hence, we implement for the first time delocalization in excited lattice bands. Doing so increases the spatial distribution of atoms trapped in the vertically oriented optical lattice by ∼7 times. At the same time, we observe a reduction of the cold-collision shift by 6.5(8) times, while also making inelastic two-body loss negligible. With these advantages, we measure the trap-light-induced quenching rate and natural lifetime of the ^{3}P_{0} excited state as 5.7(7)×10^{-4} E_{r}^{-1} s^{-1} and 19(2) s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Siegel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W F McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Y S Hassan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - C-C Chen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T Grogan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - X Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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2
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Visentin G, Buchachenko AA. Polarizabilities, dispersion coefficients, and retardation functions at the complete basis set CCSD limit: From Be to Ba plus Yb. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:214302. [PMID: 31822071 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Static and dynamic polarizabilities of alkaline earth metal atoms Be-Ba and of the Yb atom, as well as dispersion coefficients and retardation functions for their long-range interactions, are used as a benchmark for the restricted coupled cluster method with singles and doubles (CCSD) and noniterative triples added [CCSD(T)] and related polarization propagator CCSD(3) methods at the complete basis set limit. The latter is attained through the sequence of the augmented correlation-consistent polarized weighted core valence n-zeta basis sets with the exact 2-component approximation for the scalar relativistic effects and with the small-core effective core potentials (for Ca, Sr, and Ba). At the converged level of core correlation treatment, the finite-field CCSD(T) method reproduces the best available data for the static dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities better than 1% and 4%, respectively. Systematic cancelation of the triple contribution in the CCSD(3) calculations of the dynamic polarizabilities of alkaline earth metal atoms makes their dispersion coefficients accurate within 3%. The retardation functions are computed and used for the analysis of the long-range interactions in the homonuclear dimers. Implications to accurate ab initio calculations of the global interaction potentials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Visentin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Alexei A Buchachenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 121205, Russia
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3
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Borkowski M, Buchachenko AA, Ciuryło R, Julienne PS, Yamada H, Kikuchi Y, Takasu Y, Takahashi Y. Weakly bound molecules as sensors of new gravitylike forces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14807. [PMID: 31616025 PMCID: PMC6794265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics, including light dark matter candidates and unification theories predict deviations from Newton's law of gravitation. For macroscopic distances, the inverse-square law of gravitation is well confirmed by astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments. At micrometer and shorter length scales, however, even the state-of-the-art constraints on deviations from gravitational interaction, whether provided by neutron scattering or precise measurements of forces between macroscopic bodies, are currently many orders of magnitude larger than gravity itself. Here we show that precision spectroscopy of weakly bound molecules can be used to constrain non-Newtonian interactions between atoms. A proof-of-principle demonstration using recent data from photoassociation spectroscopy of weakly bound Yb2 molecules yields constraints on these new interactions that are already close to state-of-the-art neutron scattering experiments. At the same time, with the development of the recently proposed optical molecular clocks, the neutron scattering constraints could be surpassed by at least two orders of magnitude.
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Grants
- 2017/25/B/ST4/01486, 2014/13/N/ST2/02591 Narodowe Centrum Nauki (National Science Centre)
- EMPIR 15SIB03 OC18 EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 353 Wroclaw University of Technology | Wroclawskie Centrum Sieciowo-Superkomputerowe, Politechnika Wroclawska (Wroclaw Network and Supercomputing Center)
- 17-13-01466 Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 25220711, 17H06138, 18H05405, 18H05228 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Q-LEAP Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- JPMJCR1673 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- National Laboratory FAMO
- Impulsing Paradigm Changing Through Disruptive Technologies (ImPACT) program, Matsuo Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Borkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Alexei A Buchachenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 121205, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Hirotaka Yamada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuu Kikuchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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4
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Yamaguchi A, Safronova MS, Gibble K, Katori H. Narrow-line Cooling and Determination of the Magic Wavelength of Cd. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113201. [PMID: 31573273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically determine the magic wavelength of the (5s^{2})^{1}S_{0}-(5s5p)^{3}P_{0} clock transition of ^{111}Cd to be 419.88(14) and 420.1(7) nm. To perform Lamb-Dicke spectroscopy of the clock transition, we use narrow-line laser cooling on the ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition to cool the atoms to 6 μK and load them into an optical lattice. Cadmium is an attractive candidate for optical lattice clocks because it has a small sensitivity to blackbody radiation and its efficient narrow-line cooling mitigates higher order light shifts. We calculate the blackbody shift, including the dynamic correction, to be fractionally 2.83(8)×10^{-16} at 300 K, an order of magnitude smaller than that of Sr and Yb. We also report calculations of the Cd ^{1}P_{1} lifetime and the ground state C_{6} coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamaguchi
- Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Space-Time Engineering Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Gibble
- Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Katori
- Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Space-Time Engineering Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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5
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Schwerdtfeger P, Nagle JK. 2018 Table of static dipole polarizabilities of the neutral elements in the periodic table. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1535143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Institute for Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Safronova MS, Porsev SG, Sanner C, Ye J. Two Clock Transitions in Neutral Yb for the Highest Sensitivity to Variations of the Fine-Structure Constant. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:173001. [PMID: 29756836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new frequency standard based on a 4f^{14}6s6p ^{3}P_{0}-4f^{13}6s^{2}5d (J=2) transition in neutral Yb. This transition has a potential for high stability and accuracy and the advantage of the highest sensitivity among atomic clocks to variation of the fine-structure constant α. We find its dimensionless α-variation enhancement factor to be K=-15, in comparison to the most sensitive current clock (Yb^{+} E3, K=-6), and it is 18 times larger than in any neutral-atomic clocks (Hg, K=0.8). Combined with the unprecedented stability of an optical lattice clock for neutral atoms, this high sensitivity opens new perspectives for searches for ultralight dark matter and for tests of theories beyond the standard model of elementary particles. Moreover, together with the well-established ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{0} transition, one will have two clock transitions operating in neutral Yb, whose interleaved interrogations may further reduce systematic uncertainties of such clock-comparison experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sergey G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Christian Sanner
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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7
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Kulosa AP, Fim D, Zipfel KH, Rühmann S, Sauer S, Jha N, Gibble K, Ertmer W, Rasel EM, Safronova MS, Safronova UI, Porsev SG. Towards a Mg Lattice Clock: Observation of the ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{0} Transition and Determination of the Magic Wavelength. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:240801. [PMID: 26705620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.240801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We optically excite the electronic state 3s3p ^{3}P_{0} in ^{24}Mg atoms, laser cooled and trapped in a magic-wavelength lattice. An applied magnetic field enhances the coupling of the light to the otherwise strictly forbidden transition. We determine the magic wavelength, the quadratic magnetic Zeeman shift, and the transition frequency to be 468.46(21) nm, -206.6(2.0) MHz/T^{2}, and 655 058 646 691(101) kHz, respectively. These are compared with theoretical predictions and results from complementary experiments. We also develop a high-precision relativistic structure model for magnesium, give an improved theoretical value for the blackbody radiation shift, and discuss a clock based on bosonic magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kulosa
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Fim
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K H Zipfel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Rühmann
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Jha
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Gibble
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - W Ertmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - E M Rasel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - U I Safronova
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
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8
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Beloy K, Hinkley N, Phillips NB, Sherman JA, Schioppo M, Lehman J, Feldman A, Hanssen LM, Oates CW, Ludlow AD. Atomic clock with 1×10(-18) room-temperature blackbody Stark uncertainty. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:260801. [PMID: 25615296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.260801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Stark shift due to blackbody radiation (BBR) is the key factor limiting the performance of many atomic frequency standards, with the BBR environment inside the clock apparatus being difficult to characterize at a high level of precision. Here we demonstrate an in-vacuum radiation shield that furnishes a uniform, well-characterized BBR environment for the atoms in an ytterbium optical lattice clock. Operated at room temperature, this shield enables specification of the BBR environment to a corresponding fractional clock uncertainty contribution of 5.5×10(-19). Combined with uncertainty in the atomic response, the total uncertainty of the BBR Stark shift is now 1×10(-18). Further operation of the shield at elevated temperatures enables a direct measure of the BBR shift temperature dependence and demonstrates consistency between our evaluated BBR environment and the expected atomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - N Hinkley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - N B Phillips
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J A Sherman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - M Schioppo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J Lehman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A Feldman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - L M Hanssen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - C W Oates
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A D Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Safronova MS, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV, Safronova UI, Porsev SG, Kozlov MG. Highly charged ions for atomic clocks, quantum information, and search for α variation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:030801. [PMID: 25083627 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose 10 highly charged ions as candidates for the development of next generation atomic clocks, quantum information, and search for α variation. They have long-lived metastable states with transition wavelengths to the ground state between 170-3000 nm, relatively simple electronic structure, stable isotopes, and high sensitivity to α variation (e.g., Sm(14+), Pr(10+), Sm(13+), Nd(10+)). We predict their properties crucial for the experimental exploration and highlight particularly attractive systems for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Safronova
- University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA and Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - V A Dzuba
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - U I Safronova
- University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA and University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA and Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - M G Kozlov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia and St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI," St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
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10
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Experimental realization of an optical second with strontium lattice clocks. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2109. [PMID: 23839206 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in realizing the SI second had multiple technological impacts and enabled further constraint of theoretical models in fundamental physics. Caesium microwave fountains, realizing best the second according to its current definition with a relative uncertainty of 2-4 × 10(-16), have already been overtaken by atomic clocks referenced to an optical transition, which are both more stable and more accurate. Here we present an important step in the direction of a possible new definition of the second. Our system of five clocks connects with an unprecedented consistency the optical and the microwave worlds. For the first time, two state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clocks are proven to agree within their accuracy budget, with a total uncertainty of 1.5 × 10(-16). Their comparison with three independent caesium fountains shows a degree of accuracy now only limited by the best realizations of the microwave-defined second, at the level of 3.1 × 10(-16).
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