1
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Wang Z, Ren J. Thermodynamic Geometry of Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Cyclically Driven Transport. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:207101. [PMID: 38829089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.207101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium thermal machines under cyclic driving generally outperform steady-state counterparts. However, there is still lack of coherent understanding of versatile transport and fluctuation features under time modulations. Here, we formulate a theoretical framework of thermodynamic geometry in terms of full counting statistics of nonequilibrium driven transports. We find that, besides the conventional dynamic and adiabatic geometric curvature contributions, the generating function is also divided into an additional nonadiabatic contribution, manifested as the metric term of full counting statistics. This nonadiabatic metric generalizes recent results of thermodynamic geometry in near-equilibrium entropy production to far-from-equilibrium fluctuations of general currents. Furthermore, the framework proves geometric thermodynamic uncertainty relations of near-adiabatic thermal devices, constraining fluctuations in terms of statistical metric quantities and thermodynamic length. We exemplify the theory in experimentally accessible driving-induced quantum chiral transport and Brownian heat pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab on Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, China-EU Joint Lab on Nanophononics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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2
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Zhang JW, Wang B, Yuan WF, Li JC, Bu JT, Ding GY, Ding WQ, Chen L, Zhou F, Feng M. Energy-Conversion Device Using a Quantum Engine with the Work Medium of Two-Atom Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:180401. [PMID: 38759168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.180401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Although entanglement is considered as an essential resource for quantum information processing, whether entanglement helps for energy conversion or output in the quantum regime is still lack of experimental witness. Here, we report on an energy-conversion device operating as a quantum engine with the working medium acted by two entangled ions confined in a harmonic potential. The two ions are entangled by virtually coupling to one of the vibrational modes shared by the two ions, and the quantum engine couples to a quantum load, which is another shared vibrational mode. We explore the energy conversion efficiency of the quantum engine and investigate the useful energy (i.e., the maximum extractable work) stored in the quantum load by tuning the two ions in different degrees of entanglement as well as detecting the change of the phonons in the load. Our observation provides, for the first time, quantitative evidence that entanglement fuels the useful energy produced by the quantum engine, but not helpful for the energy conversion efficiency. We consider that our results may be useful to the study of quantum batteries for which one of the most indexes is the maximum extractable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - B Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-F Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-T Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - G-Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-Q Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Chen
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - F Zhou
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - M Feng
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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3
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Perna G, Calzetta E. Limits on quantum measurement engines. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044102. [PMID: 38755920 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A quantum measurement involves energy exchanges between the system to be measured and the measuring apparatus. Some of them involve energy losses, for example because energy is dissipated into the environment or is spent in recording the measurement outcome. Moreover, these processes take time. For this reason, these exchanges must be taken into account in the analysis of a quantum measurement engine, and set limits to its efficiency and power. We propose a quantum engine based on a spin 1/2 particle in a magnetic field and study its limitations due to the quantum nature of the evolution. The coupling with the electromagnetic vacuum is taken into account and plays the role of a measurement apparatus. We fully study its dynamics, work, power, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Perna
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina and CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Buenos Aires CP 1428, Argentina
| | - Esteban Calzetta
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina and CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Buenos Aires CP 1428, Argentina
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4
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Liu J, Jung KA. Quantum Carnot thermal machines reexamined: Definition of efficiency and the effects of strong coupling. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044118. [PMID: 38755899 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Whether the strong coupling to thermal baths can improve the performance of quantum thermal machines remains an open issue under active debate. Here we revisit quantum thermal machines operating with the quasistatic Carnot cycle and aim to unveil the role of strong coupling in maximum efficiency. Our analysis builds upon definitions of excess work and heat derived from an exact formulation of the first law of thermodynamics for the working substance, which captures the non-Gibbsian thermal equilibrium state that emerges at strong couplings during quasistatic isothermal processes. These excess definitions differ from conventional ones by an energetic cost for maintaining the non-Gibbsian characteristics. With this distinction, we point out that one can introduce two different yet thermodynamically allowed definitions for efficiency of both the heat engine and refrigerator modes. We dub them excess and hybrid definitions, which differ in the way of defining the gain for the thermal machines at strong couplings by either just analyzing the energetics of the working substance or instead evaluating the performance from an external system upon which the thermal machine acts, respectively. We analytically demonstrate that the excess definition predicts that the Carnot limit remains the upper bound for both operation modes at strong couplings, whereas the hybrid one reveals that strong coupling can suppress the maximum efficiency rendering the Carnot limit unattainable. These seemingly incompatible predictions thus indicate that it is imperative to first gauge the definition for efficiency before elucidating the exact role of strong coupling, thereby shedding light on the ongoing investigation on strong-coupling quantum thermal machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Physics, International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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5
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Purkait C, Chand S, Biswas A. Anisotropy-assisted thermodynamic advantage of a local-spin quantum thermal machine. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044128. [PMID: 38755864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We study quantum Otto thermal machines with a two-spin working system coupled by anisotropic interaction. Depending on the choice of different parameters, the quantum Otto cycle can function as different thermal machines, including a heat engine, refrigerator, accelerator, and heater. We aim to investigate how the anisotropy plays a fundamental role in the performance of the quantum Otto engine (QOE) operating in different timescales. We find that while the engine's efficiency increases with the increase in anisotropy for the quasistatic operation, quantum internal friction and incomplete thermalization degrade the performance in a finite-time cycle. Further, we study the quantum heat engine (QHE) with one of the spins (local spin) as the working system. We show that the efficiency of such an engine can surpass the standard quantum Otto limit, along with maximum power, thanks to the anisotropy. This can be attributed to quantum interference effects. We demonstrate that the enhanced performance of a local-spin QHE originates from the same interference effects, as in a measurement-based QOE for their finite-time operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Purkait
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Suman Chand
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Asoka Biswas
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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6
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Kwon T, Kwon S, Sung BJ. The effects of asymmetry in active noises on the efficiency of single colloidal Stirling engines with active noises. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2600-2609. [PMID: 38426540 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines, which operate in highly fluctuating environments far from equilibrium, may benefit from their non-equilibrium environments. It is, however, a topic of controversy how the efficiency of the microscopic engines can be enhanced. Recent experiments showed that microscopic Stirling engines in bacterial reservoirs could show high performance beyond the equilibrium thermodynamics. In this work, we perform overdamped Langevin dynamics simulations for microscopic Stirling heat engines in bacterial reservoirs and show that the temperature dependence of the magnitude of active noises should be responsible for such high efficiency. Only when we introduce temperature-dependent active noises, the efficiency of the microscopic Stirling engines is enhanced significantly as in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kwon
- The Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Song WL, Liu HB, Zhou B, Yang WL, An JH. Remote Charging and Degradation Suppression for the Quantum Battery. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:090401. [PMID: 38489615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The quantum battery (QB) makes use of quantum effects to store and supply energy, which may outperform its classical counterpart. However, there are two challenges in this field. One is that the environment-induced decoherence causes the energy loss and aging of the QB, the other is that the decreasing of the charger-QB coupling strength with increasing their distance makes the charging of the QB become inefficient. Here, we propose a QB scheme to realize a remote charging via coupling the QB and the charger to a rectangular hollow metal waveguide. It is found that an ideal charging is realized as long as two bound states are formed in the energy spectrum of the total system consisting of the QB, the charger, and the electromagnetic environment in the waveguide. Using the constructive role of the decoherence, our QB is immune to the aging. Additionally, without resorting to the direct charger-QB interaction, our scheme works in a way of long-range and wireless-like charging. Effectively overcoming the two challenges, our result supplies an insightful guideline to the practical realization of the QB by reservoir engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Song
- Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hai-Bin Liu
- Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun-Hong An
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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8
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Tejero Á, Manzano D, Hurtado PI. Atom-doped photon engine: Extracting mechanical work from a quantum system via radiation pressure. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024141. [PMID: 38491628 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The possibility of efficiently converting heat into work at the microscale has triggered an intense research effort to understand quantum heat engines, driven by the hope of quantum superiority over classical counterparts. In this work, we introduce a model featuring an atom-doped optical quantum cavity propelling a classical piston through radiation pressure. The model, based on the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics, demonstrates the generation of mechanical work through thermal energy injection. We establish the equivalence of the piston expansion work with Alicki's work definition, analytically for quasistatic transformations and numerically for finite-time protocols. We further employ the model to construct quantum Otto and Carnot engines, comparing their performance in terms of energetics, work output, efficiency, and power under various conditions. This model thus provides a platform to extract useful work from an open quantum system to generate net motion, and it sheds light on the quantum concepts of work and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Tejero
- Electromagnetism and Condensed Matter Department and Carlos I Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Manzano
- Electromagnetism and Condensed Matter Department and Carlos I Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo I Hurtado
- Electromagnetism and Condensed Matter Department and Carlos I Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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9
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Lahiri S, Gupta S. Efficiency of a microscopic heat engine subjected to stochastic resetting. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014129. [PMID: 38366425 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We explore the thermodynamics of stochastic heat engines in the presence of stochastic resetting. The setup comprises an engine whose working substance is a Brownian particle undergoing overdamped Langevin dynamics in a harmonic potential with a time-dependent stiffness, with the dynamics interrupted at random times with a resetting to a fixed location. The effect of resetting to the potential minimum is shown to enhance the efficiency of the engine, while the output work is shown to have a nonmonotonic dependence on the rate of resetting. The resetting events are found to drive the system out of the linear response regime, even for small differences in the bath temperatures. Shifting the reset point from the potential minimum is observed to reduce the engine efficiency. The experimental setup for the realization of such an engine is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Lahiri
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Shamik Gupta
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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10
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Xu HG, Jin J, Neto GDM, de Almeida NG. Universal quantum Otto heat machine based on the Dicke model. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014122. [PMID: 38366433 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In this paper we study a quantum Otto thermal machine where the working substance is composed of N identical qubits coupled to a single mode of a bosonic field, where the atoms and the field interact with a reservoir, as described by the so-called open Dicke model. By controlling the relevant and experimentally accessible parameters of the model we show that it is possible to build a universal quantum heat machine (UQHM) that can function as an engine, refrigerator, heater, or accelerator. The heat and work exchanges are computed taking into account the growth of the number N of atoms as well as the coupling regimes characteristic of the Dicke model for several ratios of temperatures of the two thermal reservoirs. The analysis of quantum features such as entanglement and second-order correlation shows that these quantum resources do not affect either the efficiency or the performance of the UQHM based on the open Dicke model. In addition, we show that the improvement in both efficiency and coefficient of performance of our UQHM occurs for regions around the critical value of the phase transition parameter of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Guang Xu
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Jiasen Jin
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - G D M Neto
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Norton G de Almeida
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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11
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Polo-Gómez J. Thermodynamic bound on quantum state discrimination. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014119. [PMID: 38366527 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We show that the second law of thermodynamics poses a restriction on how well we can discriminate between quantum states. By examining an ideal gas with a quantum internal degree of freedom undergoing a cycle based on a proposal by Peres, we establish a nontrivial upper bound on the attainable accuracy of quantum state discrimination. This thermodynamic bound, which relies solely on the linearity of quantum mechanics and the constraint of no work extraction, matches Holevo's bound on accessible information, but is looser than the Holevo-Helstrom bound. The result gives more evidence on the disagreement between thermodynamic entropy and von Neumann entropy and places potential limitations on proposals beyond quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Polo-Gómez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1; Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1; and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
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12
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Pei JH, Chen JF, Quan HT. Exploring quasiprobability approaches to quantum work in the presence of initial coherence: Advantages of the Margenau-Hill distribution. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054109. [PMID: 38115414 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In quantum thermodynamics, the two-projective-measurement (TPM) scheme provides a successful description of stochastic work only in the absence of initial quantum coherence. Extending the quantum work distribution to quasiprobability is a general way to characterize work fluctuation in the presence of initial coherence. However, among a large number of different definitions, there is no consensus on the most appropriate work quasiprobability. In this article, we list several physically reasonable requirements including the first law of thermodynamics, time-reversal symmetry, positivity of second-order moment, and a support condition for the work distribution. We prove that the only definition that satisfies all these requirements is the Margenau-Hill (MH) quasiprobability of work. In this sense, the MH quasiprobability of work shows its advantages over other definitions. As an illustration, we calculate the MH work distribution of a breathing harmonic oscillator with initial squeezed states and show the convergence to classical work distribution in the classical limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Pei
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin-Fu Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H T Quan
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Matos RQ, de Assis RJ, de Almeida NG. Quantum Otto-type heat engine with fixed frequency. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054131. [PMID: 38115429 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work we analyze an Otto-type cycle operating with a working substance composed of a quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO). Unlike other studies in which the work extraction is done by varying the frequency of the QHO and letting it thermalize with a squeezed reservoir, here we submit the QHO to a parametric pumping controlled by the squeezing parameter and let it thermalize with a thermal reservoir. We then investigate the role of the squeezing parameter in our Otto-type engine powered by parametric pumping and show that it is possible to reach the Carnot limit by arbitrarily increasing the squeezing parameter. Notably, for certain squeezing parameters r, e.g., r=0.4, the quasistatic Otto limit can be reached even at nonzero power. We also investigated the role of entropy production in the efficiency behavior during the unitary strokes, showing that positive (negative) changes in entropy production correspond to increases (decreases) in engine efficiency, as expected. Furthermore, we show that under thermal reservoirs a work extraction process that is more efficient than the Carnot engine is impossible, regardless of the quantum resource introduced via the Hamiltonian of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Q Matos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.001-970, Goiânia - GO, Brazil
| | - Rogério J de Assis
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13.565-905, São Carlos - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norton G de Almeida
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.001-970, Goiânia - GO, Brazil
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14
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Ozaydin F, Müstecaplıoğlu ÖE, Hakioğlu T. Powering quantum Otto engines only with q-deformation of the working substance. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054103. [PMID: 38115457 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We consider a quantum Otto cycle with a q-deformed quantum oscillator working substance and classical thermal baths. We investigate the influence of the quantum statistical deformation parameter q on the work and efficiency of the cycle. In usual quantum Otto cycle, a Hamiltonian parameter is varied during the quantum adiabatic stages while the quantum statistical character of the working substance remains fixed. We point out that even if the Hamiltonian parameters are not changing, work can be harvested by quantum statistical changes of the working substance. Work extraction from thermal resources using quantum statistical mutations of the working substance makes a quantum Otto cycle without any classical analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozaydin
- Institute for International Strategy, Tokyo International University, 4-42-31 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013, Japan
- Department of Information Technologies, Isik University, Sile, Istanbul 34980, Turkey
| | - Özgür E Müstecaplıoğlu
- Department of Physics, Koç University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34450, Türkiye
- TÜBİTAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, 41470 Gebze, Türkiye
| | - Tuğrul Hakioğlu
- Energy Institute, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34467, Türkiye
- Department of Physics Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul 34467, Türkiye
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Koch J, Menon K, Cuestas E, Barbosa S, Lutz E, Fogarty T, Busch T, Widera A. A quantum engine in the BEC-BCS crossover. Nature 2023; 621:723-727. [PMID: 37758889 PMCID: PMC10533395 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work both in the classical and quantum regimes1. However, quantum theory offers genuine non-classical forms of energy, different from heat, which so far have not been exploited in cyclic engines. Here we experimentally realize a quantum many-body engine fuelled by the energy difference between fermionic and bosonic ensembles of ultracold particles that follows from the Pauli exclusion principle2. We employ a harmonically trapped superfluid gas of 6Li atoms close to a magnetic Feshbach resonance3 that allows us to effectively change the quantum statistics from Bose-Einstein to Fermi-Dirac, by tuning the gas between a Bose-Einstein condensate of bosonic molecules and a unitary Fermi gas (and back) through a magnetic field4-10. The quantum nature of such a Pauli engine is revealed by contrasting it with an engine in the classical thermal regime and with a purely interaction-driven device. We obtain a work output of several 106 vibrational quanta per cycle with an efficiency of up to 25%. Our findings establish quantum statistics as a useful thermodynamic resource for work production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koch
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Eloisa Cuestas
- OIST Graduate University, Onna, Japan
- Enrique Gaviola Institute of Physics, National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina and National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sian Barbosa
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eric Lutz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Artur Widera
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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16
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Fadler P, Friedenberger A, Lutz E. Efficiency at Maximum Power of a Carnot Quantum Information Engine. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:240401. [PMID: 37390443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the performance of thermal machines is an essential task of thermodynamics. We here consider the optimization of information engines that convert information about the state of a system into work. We concretely introduce a generalized finite-time Carnot cycle for a quantum information engine and optimize its power output in the regime of low dissipation. We derive a general formula for its efficiency at maximum power valid for arbitrary working media. We further investigate the optimal performance of a qubit information engine subjected to weak energy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fadler
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Friedenberger
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Lutz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Purkait C, Biswas A. Measurement-based quantum Otto engine with a two-spin system coupled by anisotropic interaction: Enhanced efficiency at finite times. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054110. [PMID: 37329072 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the performance of a measurement-based quantum Otto engine (QOE) in a working system of two spins coupled by Heisenberg anisotropic interaction. A nonselective quantum measurement fuels the engine. We have calculated thermodynamic quantities of the cycle in terms of the transition probabilities between the instantaneous energy eigenstates, and also between the instantaneous energy eigenstates and the basis states of the measurement, when the unitary stages of the cycle operate for a finite time τ. The efficiency attains a large value in the limit of τ→0 and then gradually reaches the adiabatic value in a long-time limit τ→∞. For finite values of τ and for anisotropic interaction, an oscillatory behavior of the efficiency of the engine is observed. This oscillation can be interpreted in terms of interference between the relevant transition amplitudes in the unitary stages of the engine cycle. Therefore, for a suitable choice of timing of the unitary processes in the short time regime, the engine can have a higher work output and less heat absorption, such that it works more efficiently than a quasistatic engine. In the case of an always-on heat bath, in a very short time, the bath has a negligible effect on its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Purkait
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Asoka Biswas
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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18
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Kaneyasu M, Hasegawa Y. Quantum Otto cycle under strong coupling. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044127. [PMID: 37198760 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum heat engines are often discussed under the weak-coupling assumption that the interaction between the system and the reservoirs is negligible. Although this setup is easier to analyze, this assumption cannot be justified on the quantum scale. In this study, a quantum Otto cycle model that can be generally applied without the weak-coupling assumption is proposed. We replace the thermalization process in the weak-coupling model with a process comprising thermalization and decoupling. The efficiency of the proposed model is analytically calculated and indicates that, when the contribution of the interaction terms is neglected in the weak-interaction limit, it reduces to that of the earlier model. The sufficient condition for the efficiency of the proposed model not to surpass that of the weak-coupling model is that the decoupling processes of our model have a positive cost. Moreover, the relation between the interaction strength and the efficiency of the proposed model is numerically examined by using a simple two-level system. Furthermore, we show that our model's efficiency can surpass that of the weak-coupling model under particular cases. From analyzing the majorization relation, we also find a design method of the optimal interaction Hamiltonians, which are expected to provide the maximum efficiency of the proposed model. Under these interaction Hamiltonians, the numerical experiment shows that the proposed model achieves higher efficiency than that of its weak-coupling counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kaneyasu
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hasegawa
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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19
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Bu JT, Zhang JQ, Ding GY, Li JC, Zhang JW, Wang B, Ding WQ, Yuan WF, Chen L, Özdemir ŞK, Zhou F, Jing H, Feng M. Enhancement of Quantum Heat Engine by Encircling a Liouvillian Exceptional Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:110402. [PMID: 37001093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantum heat engines are expected to outperform the classical counterparts due to quantum coherences involved. Here we experimentally execute a single-ion quantum heat engine and demonstrate, for the first time, the dynamics and the enhanced performance of the heat engine originating from the Liouvillian exceptional points (LEPs). In addition to the topological effects related to LEPs, we focus on thermodynamic effects, which can be understood by the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process under decoherence. We witness a positive net work from the quantum heat engine if the heat engine cycle dynamically encircles a LEP. Further investigation reveals that a larger net work is done when the system is operated closer to the LEP. We attribute the enhanced performance of the quantum heat engine to the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg process, enabled by the eigenenergy landscape in the vicinity of the LEP, and the exceptional point-induced topological transition. Therefore, our results open new possibilities toward LEP-enabled control of quantum heat engines and of thermodynamic processes in open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-T Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G-Y Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J-W Zhang
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - B Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-Q Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - W-F Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Ş K Özdemir
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - F Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - H Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - M Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement, Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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20
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Xiao Y, Li K, He J, Wang J. Performance of Quantum Heat Engines Enhanced by Adiabatic Deformation of Trapping Potential. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:484. [PMID: 36981372 PMCID: PMC10048115 DOI: 10.3390/e25030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantum Otto engine model alternatively driven by a hot and a cold heat reservoir and consisting of two isochoric and two adiabatic strokes, where the adiabatic expansion or compression is realized by adiabatically changing the shape of the potential. Here, we show that such an adiabatic deformation may alter operation mode and enhance machine performance by increasing output work and efficiency, even with the advantage of decreasing work fluctuations. If the heat engine in the sudden limit operates under maximal power by optimizing the control parameter, the efficiency shows certain universal behavior, η*=ηC/2+ηC2/8+O(ηC3), where ηC=1-βhr/βcr is the Carnot efficiency, with βhr(βcr) being the inverse temperature of the hot (cold) reservoir. However, such efficiency under maximal power can be produced by our machine model in the regimes where the machine without adiabatic deformation can only operate as a heater or a refrigerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jizhou He
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Sur S, Ghosh A. Quantum Advantage of Thermal Machines with Bose and Fermi Gases. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:372. [PMID: 36832738 PMCID: PMC9955716 DOI: 10.3390/e25020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we show that a quantum gas, a collection of massive, non-interacting, indistinguishable quantum particles, can be realized as a thermodynamic machine as an artifact of energy quantization and, hence, bears no classical analog. Such a thermodynamic machine depends on the statistics of the particles, the chemical potential, and the spatial dimension of the system. Our detailed analysis demonstrates the fundamental features of quantum Stirling cycles, from the viewpoint of particle statistics and system dimensions, that helps us to realize desired quantum heat engines and refrigerators by exploiting the role of quantum statistical mechanics. In particular, a clear distinction between the behavior of a Fermi gas and a Bose gas is observed in one dimension, rather than in higher dimensions, solely due to the innate differences in their particle statistics indicating the conspicuous role of a quantum thermodynamic signature in lower dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Sur
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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22
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Lipka-Bartosik P, Perarnau-Llobet M, Brunner N. Operational Definition of the Temperature of a Quantum State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:040401. [PMID: 36763424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is usually defined for physical systems at thermal equilibrium. Nevertheless one may wonder if it would be possible to attribute a meaningful notion of temperature to an arbitrary quantum state, beyond simply the thermal (Gibbs) state. In this Letter, we propose such a notion of temperature considering an operational task, inspired by the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Specifically, we define two effective temperatures for quantifying the ability of a quantum system to cool down or heat up a thermal environment. In this way we can associate an operationally meaningful notion of temperature to any quantum density matrix. We provide general expressions for these effective temperatures, for both single- and many-copy systems, establishing connections to concepts previously discussed in the literature. Finally, we consider a more sophisticated scenario where the heat exchange between the system and the thermal environment is assisted by a quantum reference frame. This leads to an effect of "coherent quantum catalysis," where the use of a coherent catalyst allows for exploiting quantum energetic coherences in the system, now leading to much colder or hotter effective temperatures. We demonstrate our findings using a two-level atom coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Brunner
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Mauksch M. Spontaneous emergence of enantioenriched chiral aldol reaction products from Achiral precursors in solution and origin of biological homochirality of sugars: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1734-1754. [PMID: 36594779 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental reports about observation of spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking and chiral amplification in stereoselective Mannich and aldol reactions, run under fully achiral initial conditions, have drawn a lot of attention, fuelled partly by the role these reactions could have played in chemical evolution as a cause for still puzzling observed homochirality of biomolecules, often considered a prerequisite for the origin of life. We have now revisited this still unresolved problem, using DFT computation of all combinatorially possible transition states and numerical solution of complete set of resulting coupled kinetic rate equations to model the aldol reaction rigorously "from the first principles" and without making any a priori assumptions. Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in this autocatalytic, reversible, closed and homogenous system is explained by a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, occurring in concentrations of enantiomers due to time-delayed kinetic instability of racemic composition of reaction mixture, when reactants are initially provided in non-stoichiometric quantities. Same process, taking place under similar conditions in primordial "soup" of chemicals, might conceivably explain origin of biological homochirality of sugar molecules on early earth billions of years ago. Our results suggest that seemingly innocuous chemical reactions could exhibit unexpected and counter-intuitive emergent behaviour, when initial conditions are appropriately chosen. Chiral amplification in self-catalyzed aldol reaction occurs during approach of thermodynamic equilibrium in accord with principle of microscopic reversibility and second law of thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mauksch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Chemistry Center, Nägelsbachstrasse 25a, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Zou CJ, Li Y, Xu JK, You JB, Png CE, Yang WL. Geometrical Bounds on Irreversibility in Squeezed Thermal Bath. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:128. [PMID: 36673269 PMCID: PMC9858152 DOI: 10.3390/e25010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible entropy production (IEP) plays an important role in quantum thermodynamic processes. Here, we investigate the geometrical bounds of IEP in nonequilibrium thermodynamics by exemplifying a system coupled to a squeezed thermal bath subject to dissipation and dephasing, respectively. We find that the geometrical bounds of the IEP always shift in a contrary way under dissipation and dephasing, where the lower and upper bounds turning to be tighter occur in the situation of dephasing and dissipation, respectively. However, either under dissipation or under dephasing, we may reduce both the critical time of the IEP itself and the critical time of the bounds for reaching an equilibrium by harvesting the benefits of squeezing effects in which the values of the IEP, quantifying the degree of thermodynamic irreversibility, also become smaller. Therefore, due to the nonequilibrium nature of the squeezed thermal bath, the system-bath interaction energy has a prominent impact on the IEP, leading to tightness of its bounds. Our results are not contradictory with the second law of thermodynamics by involving squeezing of the bath as an available resource, which can improve the performance of quantum thermodynamic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Juan Zou
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Ching Eng Png
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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25
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Opatrný T, Bräuer Š, Kofman AG, Misra A, Meher N, Firstenberg O, Poem E, Kurizki G. Nonlinear coherent heat machines. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1070. [PMID: 36608121 PMCID: PMC9821940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose heat machines that are nonlinear, coherent, and closed systems composed of few field (oscillator) modes. Their thermal-state input is transformed by nonlinear Kerr interactions into nonthermal (non-Gaussian) output with controlled quantum fluctuations and the capacity to deliver work in a chosen mode. These machines can provide an output with strongly reduced phase and amplitude uncertainty that may be useful for sensing or communications in the quantum domain. They are experimentally realizable in optomechanical cavities where photonic and phononic modes are coupled by a Josephson qubit or in cold gases where interactions between photons are transformed into dipole-dipole interacting Rydberg atom polaritons. This proposed approach is a step toward the bridging of quantum and classical coherent and thermodynamic descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Opatrný
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17, Listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Šimon Bräuer
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17, Listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham G. Kofman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Avijit Misra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nilakantha Meher
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofer Firstenberg
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eilon Poem
- Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gershon Kurizki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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26
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Stroboscopic thermally-driven mechanical motion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20091. [PMID: 36418396 PMCID: PMC9684504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unstable nonlinear systems can produce a large displacement driven by a small thermal initial noise. Such inherently nonlinear phenomena are stimulating in stochastic physics, thermodynamics, and in the future even in quantum physics. In one-dimensional mechanical instabilities, recently made available in optical levitation, the rapidly increasing noise accompanying the unstable motion reduces a displacement signal already in its detection. It limits the signal-to-noise ratio for upcoming experiments, thus constraining the observation of such essential nonlinear phenomena and their further exploitation. An extension to a two-dimensional unstable dynamics helps to separate the desired displacement from the noisy nonlinear driver to two independent variables. It overcomes the limitation upon observability, thus enabling further exploitation. However, the nonlinear driver remains unstable and rapidly gets noisy. It calls for a challenging high-order potential to confine the driver dynamics and rectify the noise. Instead, we propose and analyse a feasible stroboscopically-cooled driver that provides the desired detectable motion with sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio. Fast and deep cooling, together with a rapid change of the driver stiffness, are required to reach it. However, they have recently become available in levitating optomechanics. Therefore, our analysis finally opens the road to experimental investigation of thermally-driven motion in nonlinear systems, its thermodynamical analysis, and future quantum extensions.
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27
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Misra A, Opatrný T, Kurizki G. Work extraction from single-mode thermal noise by measurements: How important is information? Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054131. [PMID: 36559367 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Our goal in this article is to elucidate the rapport of work and information in the context of a minimal quantum-mechanical setup: a converter of heat input to work output, the input consisting of a single oscillator mode prepared in a hot thermal state along with a few much colder oscillator modes. The core issues we consider, taking account of the quantum nature of the setup, are as follows: (i) How and to what extent can information act as a work resource or, conversely, be redundant for work extraction? (ii) What is the optimal way of extracting work via information acquired by measurements? (iii) What is the bearing of information on the efficiency-power tradeoff achievable in such setups? We compare the efficiency of work extraction and the limitations of power in our minimal setup by different, generic, measurement strategies of the hot and cold modes. For each strategy, the rapport of work and information extraction is found and the cost of information erasure is allowed for. The possibilities of work extraction without information acquisition, via nonselective measurements, are also analyzed. Overall, we present, by generalizing a method based on optimized homodyning that we have recently proposed, the following insight: extraction of work by observation and feedforward that only measures a small fraction of the input is clearly advantageous to the conceivable alternatives. Our results may become the basis of a practical strategy of converting thermal noise to useful work in optical setups, such as coherent amplifiers of thermal light, as well as in their optomechanical and photovoltaic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Misra
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel and International Center of Quantum Artificial Intelligence for Science and Technology (QuArtist) and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Tomáš Opatrný
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gershon Kurizki
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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28
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Dynamical control of quantum heat engines using exceptional points. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6225. [PMID: 36266331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantum thermal machine is an open quantum system coupled to hot and cold thermal baths. Thus, its dynamics can be well understood using the concepts and tools from non-Hermitian quantum systems. A hallmark of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points where the eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian or a Liouvillian superoperator and their associated eigenvectors coalesce. Here, we report the experimental realization of a single-ion heat engine and demonstrate the effect of Liouvillian exceptional points on the dynamics and the performance of a quantum heat engine. Our experiments have revealed that operating the engine in the exact- and broken-phases, separated by a Liouvillian exceptional point, respectively during the isochoric heating and cooling strokes of an Otto cycle produces more work and output power and achieves higher efficiency than executing the Otto cycle completely in the exact phase where the system has an oscillatory dynamics and higher coherence. This result opens interesting possibilities for the control of quantum heat engines and will be of interest to other research areas that are concerned with the role of coherence and exceptional points in quantum processes and in work extraction by thermal machines.
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29
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B S R, Mukherjee V, Divakaran U. Bath Engineering Enhanced Quantum Critical Engines. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1458. [PMID: 37420478 DOI: 10.3390/e24101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Driving a quantum system across quantum critical points leads to non-adiabatic excitations in the system. This in turn may adversely affect the functioning of a quantum machine which uses a quantum critical substance as its working medium. Here we propose a bath-engineered quantum engine (BEQE), in which we use the Kibble-Zurek mechanism and critical scaling laws to formulate a protocol for enhancing the performance of finite-time quantum engines operating close to quantum phase transitions. In the case of free fermionic systems, BEQE enables finite-time engines to outperform engines operating in the presence of shortcuts to adiabaticity, and even infinite-time engines under suitable conditions, thus showing the remarkable advantages offered by this technique. Open questions remain regarding the use of BEQE based on non-integrable models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy B S
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
| | - Victor Mukherjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, IISER Berhampur, Berhampur 760010, India
| | - Uma Divakaran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
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30
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Cortes CL, Sun W, Jacob Z. Fundamental efficiency bound for quantum coherent energy transfer in nanophotonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34725-34739. [PMID: 36242478 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We derive a unified quantum theory of coherent and incoherent energy transfer between two atoms (donor and acceptor) valid in arbitrary Markovian nanophotonic environments. Our theory predicts a fundamental bound η m a x =γ a γ d+γ a for energy transfer efficiency arising from the spontaneous emission rates γd and γa of the donor and acceptor. We propose the control of the acceptor spontaneous emission rate as a new design principle for enhancing energy transfer efficiency. We predict an experiment using mirrors to enhance the efficiency bound by exploiting the dipole orientations of the donor and acceptor. Of fundamental interest, we show that while quantum coherence implies the ultimate efficiency bound has been reached, reaching the ultimate efficiency does not require quantum coherence. Our work paves the way towards nanophotonic analogues of efficiency-enhancing environments known in quantum biological systems.
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Nie X, Zhu X, Huang K, Tang K, Long X, Lin Z, Tian Y, Qiu C, Xi C, Yang X, Li J, Dong Y, Xin T, Lu D. Experimental Realization of a Quantum Refrigerator Driven by Indefinite Causal Orders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:100603. [PMID: 36112431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indefinite causal order (ICO) is playing a key role in recent quantum technologies. Here, we experimentally study quantum thermodynamics driven by ICO on nuclear spins using the nuclear magnetic resonance system. We realize the ICO of two thermalizing channels to exhibit how the mechanism works, and show that the working substance can be cooled or heated albeit it undergoes thermal contacts with reservoirs of the same temperature. Moreover, we construct a single cycle of the ICO refrigerator based on the Maxwell's demon mechanism, and evaluate its performance by measuring the work consumption and the heat energy extracted from the low-temperature reservoir. Unlike classical refrigerators in which the coefficient of performance (COP) is perversely higher the closer the temperature of the high-temperature and low-temperature reservoirs are to each other, the ICO refrigerator's COP is always bounded to small values due to the nonunit success probability in projecting the ancillary qubit to the preferable subspace. To enhance the COP, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a general framework based on the density matrix exponentiation (DME) approach, as an extension to the ICO refrigeration. The COP is observed to be enhanced by more than 3 times with the DME approach. Our Letter demonstrates a new way for nonclassical heat exchange, and paves the way towards construction of quantum refrigerators on a quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Nie
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuanran Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Keyi Huang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Long
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chudan Qiu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Xi
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tao Xin
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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32
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Cerisola F, Sapienza F, Roncaglia AJ. Heat engines with single-shot deterministic work extraction. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034135. [PMID: 36266866 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We introduce heat engines working in the nanoregime that allow one to extract a finite amount of deterministic work. Using the resource theory approach to themodynamics, we show that the efficiency of these cycles is strictly smaller than Carnot's, and we associate this difference with a fundamental irreversibility that is present in single-shot transformations. When fluctuations in the extracted work are allowed there is a trade-off between their size and the efficiency. As the size of fluctuations increases so does the efficiency and optimal efficiency is attained for unbounded fluctuations, while a certain amount of deterministic work is drawn from the cycle. Finally, we show that when the working medium is composed of many particles, by creating an amount of correlations between the subsystems that scale logarithmically with their number, Carnot's efficiency can also be approached in the asymptotic limit along with deterministic work extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cerisola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Facundo Sapienza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, 367 Evans Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Augusto J Roncaglia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Liu J, Jung KA. Optimal linear cyclic quantum heat engines cannot benefit from strong coupling. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:L022105. [PMID: 36109930 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.l022105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering whether strong system-bath coupling can be an advantageous operation resource for energy conversion can facilitate the development of efficient quantum heat engines (QHEs). Yet, a consensus on this ongoing debate is still lacking owing to challenges arising from treating strong couplings. Here, we conclude the debate for optimal linear cyclic QHEs operated under a small temperature difference by revealing the detrimental role of strong system-bath coupling in their optimal operations. We analytically demonstrate that both the efficiency at maximum power and maximum efficiency of strong-coupling linear cyclic QHEs are upper bounded by their weak-coupling counterparts with the same degree of time-reversal symmetry breaking. Under strong time-reversal symmetry breaking, we further reveal a quadratic suppression of the optimal efficiencies relative to the Carnot limit when away from the weak-coupling regime, along with a quadratic enhancement of the mean entropy production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Physics, International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kenneth A Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Singh V, Singh S, Abah O, Müstecaplıoğlu ÖE. Unified trade-off optimization of quantum harmonic Otto engine and refrigerator. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:024137. [PMID: 36110016 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.024137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate quantum Otto engine and refrigeration cycles of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator operating under the conditions of maximum Ω function, a trade-off objective function which represents a compromise between energy benefits and losses for a specific job, for both adiabatic and nonadiabatic (sudden) frequency modulations. We derive analytical expressions for the efficiency and coefficient of performance of the Otto cycle. For the case of adiabatic driving, we point out that in the low-temperature regime, the harmonic Otto engine (refrigerator) can be mapped to Feynman's ratchet and pawl model which is a steady-state classical heat engine. For the sudden switch of frequencies, we obtain loop-like behavior of the efficiency-work curve, which is characteristic of irreversible heat engines. Finally, we discuss the behavior of cooling power at maximum Ω function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Satnam Singh
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Obinna Abah
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Özgür E Müstecaplıoğlu
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- TÜBÍTAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, 41470 Gebze, Turkey
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35
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Unravelling the non-classicality role in Gaussian heat engines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10412. [PMID: 35729309 PMCID: PMC9213435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
At the heart of quantum thermodynamics lies a fundamental question about what is genuine "quantum" in quantum heat engines and how to seek this quantumness, so that thermodynamical tasks could be performed more efficiently compared with classical protocols. Here, using the concept of P-representability, we define a function called classicality, which quantifies the degree of non-classicality of bosonic modes. This function allows us to explore the role of non-classicality in quantum heat engines and design optimal protocols for work extraction. For two specific cycles, a quantum Otto and a generalised one, we show that non-classicality is a fundamental resource for performing thermodynamic tasks more efficiently.
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36
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Marko MD. Experimental observations of the effects of intermolecular Van der Waal forces on entropy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7105. [PMID: 35501428 PMCID: PMC9061840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental effort was conducted to measure the change in internal energy of non-ideal carbon dioxide as its volume rapidly expanded with the sudden opening of a valve from one to two compressed gas cylinders. This was achieved by measuring the mass heat capacity of the gas cylinders and the manifold-valve, and measuring the change in temperature from the sudden doubling of volume of the non-ideal carbon dioxide. It was determined that an empirical equation for the change in internal energy of a non-ideal fluid was more accurate than previous methods used for estimating the change in internal energy by estimating the change in entropy. With this empirical equation, a theoretical ideal Stirling cycle heat engine that exceeds the Carnot efficiency was realized by utilizing non-ideal carbon dioxide as a working fluid.
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Asadian M, Ahadpour S, Mirmasoudi F. Quantum correlated heat engine in XY chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7081. [PMID: 35490156 PMCID: PMC9056535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we consider a heat engines composed of two interactional qubits with spin-orbit interaction (Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM)) subject to an external magnetic field, so that each qubit is coupled with cold or hot source. One intention of this work is to investigate the following question: is it possible the effects of DM lead to improve basic thermodynamic quantities in this heat engine are coupled to local environments that are not necessarily at equilibrium? Moreover, we study whether or not quantum correlations can be helpful in the performance of quantum work engines. For this end, we investigate the effects of the temperature and the interaction rate of each qubit with its surrounding environment on quantum correlations such as quantum coherence and quantum discord and quantum entanglements, as well as the generated work. Finally we compare three quantum correlations (entanglement, discord, and coherence) with thermodynamic parameters and show that the output work is positive for what values of the magnetic field so that this cycle can be considered as a thermal machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asadian
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran
| | - S Ahadpour
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - F Mirmasoudi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran
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38
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Cherubim C, de Oliveira TR, Jonathan D. Nonadiabatic coupled-qubit Otto cycle with bidirectional operation and efficiency gains. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044120. [PMID: 35590646 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study a quantum Otto cycle that uses a 2-qubit working substance whose Hamiltonian does not commute with itself at different times during unitary strokes. We investigate how the cycle responds to the loss of quantum adiabaticity when these strokes are operated with a finite duration. We find that qualitative features such as the possibility of counter-rotating cycles operating as heat engines, or a cycle efficiency that can increase with a decrease in the temperature difference between the baths, are resilient even to highly nonadiabatic strokes. However, cycle efficiency rapidly decreases, although it can still remain above the standard Otto value for small degrees of quantum nonadiabaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Cherubim
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Gragoatá 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago R de Oliveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Gragoatá 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jonathan
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Gragoatá 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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39
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Shaghaghi V, Palma GM, Benenti G. Extracting work from random collisions: A model of a quantum heat engine. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:034101. [PMID: 35428074 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.034101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the statistical distribution of the ergotropy and of the efficiency of a single-qubit battery ad of a single-qubit Otto engine, respectively fueled by random collisions. The single qubit, our working fluid, is assumed to exchange energy with two reservoirs: a nonequilibrium "hot" reservoir and a zero-temperature cold reservoir. The interactions between the qubit and the reservoirs are described in terms of a collision model of open system dynamics. The qubit interacts with the nonequilibrium reservoir (a large ensemble of qudits all prepared in the same pure state) via random unitary collisions and with the cold reservoir (a large ensemble of qubits in their ground state) via a partial swap. Due to the random nature of the interaction with the hot reservoir, fluctuations in ergotropy, heat, and work are present, shrinking with the size of the qudits in the hot reservoir. While the mean, "macroscopic" efficiency of the Otto engine is the same as in the case in which the hot reservoir is a thermal one, the distribution of efficiencies does not support finite moments, so that the mean of efficiencies does not coincide with the macroscopic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shaghaghi
- Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Massimo Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segré, Università degli Studi di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuliano Benenti
- Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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40
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Ye Z, Holubec V. Maximum efficiency of low-dissipation heat pumps at given heating load. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024139. [PMID: 35291093 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We derive an analytical expression for maximum efficiency at fixed power of heat pumps operating along a finite-time reverse Carnot cycle under the low-dissipation assumption. The result is cumbersome, but it implies simple formulas for tight upper and lower bounds on the maximum efficiency and various analytically tractable approximations. In general, our results qualitatively agree with those obtained earlier for endoreversible heat pumps. In fact, we identify a special parameter regime when the performance of the low-dissipation and endoreversible devices is the same. At maximum power, heat pumps operate as work to heat converters with efficiency 1. Expressions for maximum efficiency at given power can be helpful in the identification of more practical operation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Ye
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, Postfach 100 920, D-04009 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Viktor Holubec
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-180 00 Praha, Czech Republic
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41
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Yuan H, Ma YH, Sun CP. Optimizing thermodynamic cycles with two finite-sized reservoirs. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L022101. [PMID: 35291152 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l022101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a heat engine operating between two finite-sized reservoirs with well-defined temperatures. Within the linear response regime, it is found that the uniform temperature of the two reservoirs at final time τ is bounded from below by the entropy production σ_{min}∝1/τ. We discover a general power-efficiency tradeoff depending on the ratio of heat capacities (γ) of the reservoirs for the engine, and a universal efficiency at maximum average power of the engine for arbitrary γ is obtained. For practical purposes, the operation protocol of an ideal gas heat engine to achieve the optimal performance associated with σ_{min} is demonstrated. Our findings can be used to develop a general optimization scenario for thermodynamic cycles with finite-sized reservoirs in real-world circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yuan
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Number 10 Xibeiwang East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Han Ma
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Number 10 Xibeiwang East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - C P Sun
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Number 10 Xibeiwang East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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42
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Arısoy O, Hsiang JT, Hu BL. Quantum-parametric-oscillator heat engines in squeezed thermal baths: Foundational theoretical issues. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014108. [PMID: 35193212 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we examine some foundational issues of a class of quantum engines where the system consists of a single quantum parametric oscillator, operating in an Otto cycle consisting of four stages of two alternating phases: the isentropic phase is detached from any bath (thus a closed system) where the natural frequency of the oscillator is changed from one value to another, and the isothermal phase where the system (now rendered open) is put in contact with one or two squeezed baths of different temperatures, whose nonequilibrium dynamics follows the Hu-Paz-Zhang (HPZ) master equation for quantum Brownian motion. The HPZ equation is an exact non-Markovian equation which preserves the positivity of the density operator and is valid for (1) all temperatures, (2) arbitrary spectral density of the bath, and (3) arbitrary coupling strength between the system and the bath. Taking advantage of these properties we examine some key foundational issues of theories of quantum open and squeezed systems for these two phases of the quantum Otto engines. This includes (1) the non-Markovian regimes for non-Ohmic, low-temperature baths, (2) what to expect in nonadiabatic frequency modulations, (3) strong system-bath coupling, as well as (4) the proper junction conditions between these two phases. Our aim here is not to present ways for attaining higher efficiency but to build a more solid theoretical foundation for quantum engines of continuous variables covering a broader range of parameter spaces that we hope are of use for exploring such possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Arısoy
- Chemical Physics Program and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jen-Tsung Hsiang
- Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bei-Lok Hu
- Joint Quantum Institute and Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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43
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González-Ayala J, Calvo Hernández A, White JA, Medina A, Roco JMM, Velasco S. Success versus failure: Efficient heat devices in thermodynamics. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014115. [PMID: 35193266 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Classical equilibrium thermodynamics provides, in a general way, upper Carnot bounds for the performance of energy converters. Nevertheless, to suggest lower bounds is a much more subtle issue, especially when they are related to a definition of convenience. Here, this issue is investigated in a unified way for heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps. First, irreversibilities are weighted in the context of heat reservoir stability for irreversible engines by using the thermodynamic distance between minimum energy and maximum entropy steady states. Some stability coefficients can be related to a majorization process and the obtention of Pareto fronts, linking stability and optimization by means of efficiency and entropy due to correlations between system and reservoirs. Second, these findings are interpreted in a very simple context. A region where the heat device is efficient is defined in a general scheme and, below this zone, the heat device is inefficient in the sense that irreversibilities somehow dominate its behavior. These findings allow for a clearer understanding of the role played by some well-known figures of merit in the scope of finite-time and -size optimization. Comparison with experimental results is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J González-Ayala
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Física y Matemáticas (IUFFYM), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Calvo Hernández
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Física y Matemáticas (IUFFYM), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A White
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Física y Matemáticas (IUFFYM), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Medina
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Física y Matemáticas (IUFFYM), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - J M M Roco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Física y Matemáticas (IUFFYM), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - S Velasco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Física y Matemáticas (IUFFYM), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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44
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de Oliveira TR, Jonathan D. Efficiency gain and bidirectional operation of quantum engines with decoupled internal levels. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044133. [PMID: 34781508 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a mechanism for efficiency increase in quantum heat engines containing internal energy levels that do not couple to the external work sink. The gain is achieved by using these levels to channel heat in a direction opposite to the one dictated by the second law. No quantum coherence, quantum correlations or ergotropy are required. A similar mechanism allows the engine to run "in reverse" and still produce useful work. We illustrate these ideas using a simple quantum Otto cycle in a coupled-spin system. We find this engine also exhibits other counterintuitive phenomenology. For example, its efficiency may increase as the temperature difference between the heat baths decreases. Conversely, it may cease to operate if the hotter bath becomes too hot or the colder bath too cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R de Oliveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Gragoatá 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jonathan
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Gragoatá 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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45
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Liu J, Jung KA, Segal D. Periodically Driven Quantum Thermal Machines from Warming up to Limit Cycle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:200602. [PMID: 34860071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical treatments of periodically driven quantum thermal machines (PD-QTMs) are largely focused on the limit-cycle stage of operation characterized by a periodic state of the system. Yet, this regime is not immediately accessible for experimental verification. Here, we present a general thermodynamic framework that handles the performance of PD-QTMs both before and during the limit-cycle stage of operation. It is achieved by observing that periodicity may break down at the ensemble average level, even in the limit-cycle phase. With this observation, and using conventional thermodynamic expressions for work and heat, we find that a complete description of the first law of thermodynamics for PD-QTMs requires a new contribution, which vanishes only in the limit-cycle phase under rather weak system-bath couplings. Significantly, this contribution is substantial at strong couplings even at limit cycle, thus largely affecting the behavior of the thermodynamic efficiency. We demonstrate our framework by simulating a quantum Otto engine building upon a driven resonant level model. Our results provide new insights towards a complete description of PD-QTMs, from turn-on to the limit-cycle stage and, particularly, shed light on the development of quantum thermodynamics at strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dvira Segal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, 60 Saint George St., University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
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Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Aspelmeyer M, Novotny L, Quidant R, Romero-Isart O. Levitodynamics: Levitation and control of microscopic objects in vacuum. Science 2021; 374:eabg3027. [PMID: 34618558 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gonzalez-Ballestero
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Aspelmeyer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - L Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Quidant
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - O Romero-Isart
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Heat Modulation on Target Thermal Bath via Coherent Auxiliary Bath. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23091183. [PMID: 34573807 PMCID: PMC8464766 DOI: 10.3390/e23091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We study a scheme of thermal management where a three-qubit system assisted with a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) is employed to implement heat management on a target thermal bath (TTB). We consider the CAB/TTB being ensemble of coherent/thermal two-level atoms (TLAs), and within the framework of collision model investigate the characteristics of steady heat current (also called target heat current (THC)) between the system and the TTB. It demonstrates that with the help of the quantum coherence of ancillae the magnitude and direction of heat current can be controlled only by adjusting the coupling strength of system-CAB. Meanwhile, we also show that the influences of quantum coherence of ancillae on the heat current strongly depend on the coupling strength of system—CAB, and the THC becomes positively/negatively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancillae when the coupling strength below/over some critical value. Besides, the system with the CAB could serve as a multifunctional device integrating the thermal functions of heat amplifier, suppressor, switcher and refrigerator, while with thermal auxiliary bath it can only work as a thermal suppressor. Our work provides a new perspective for the design of multifunctional thermal device utilizing the resource of quantum coherence from the CAB.
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Johal RS, Mehta V. Quantum Heat Engines with Complex Working Media, Complete Otto Cycles and Heuristics. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1149. [PMID: 34573774 PMCID: PMC8468726 DOI: 10.3390/e23091149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum thermal machines make use of non-classical thermodynamic resources, one of which include interactions between elements of the quantum working medium. In this paper, we examine the performance of a quasi-static quantum Otto engine based on two spins of arbitrary magnitudes subject to an external magnetic field and coupled via an isotropic Heisenberg exchange interaction. It has been shown earlier that the said interaction provides an enhancement of cycle efficiency, with an upper bound that is tighter than the Carnot efficiency. However, the necessary conditions governing engine performance and the relevant upper bound for efficiency are unknown for the general case of arbitrary spin magnitudes. By analyzing extreme case scenarios, we formulate heuristics to infer the necessary conditions for an engine with uncoupled as well as coupled spin model. These conditions lead us to a connection between performance of quantum heat engines and the notion of majorization. Furthermore, the study of complete Otto cycles inherent in the average cycle also yields interesting insights into the average performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep S. Johal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India;
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Mukherjee V, Divakaran U. Many-body quantum thermal machines. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:454001. [PMID: 34359061 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1b60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamics of quantum systems and quantum thermal machines are rapidly developing fields, which have already delivered several promising results, as well as raised many intriguing questions. Many-body quantum machines present new opportunities stemming from many-body effects. At the same time, they pose new challenges related to many-body physics. In this short review we discuss some of the recent developments on technologies based on many-body quantum systems. We mainly focus on many-body effects in quantum thermal machines. We also briefly address the role played by many-body systems in the development of quantum batteries and quantum probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mukherjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, IISER Berhampur, Berhampur 760010, India
| | - Uma Divakaran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678557, India
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Bai SY, An JH. Generating Stable Spin Squeezing by Squeezed-Reservoir Engineering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:083602. [PMID: 34477431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a genuine many-body entanglement, spin squeezing (SS) can be used to realize the highly precise measurement beyond the limit constrained by classical physics. Its generation has attracted much attention recently. It was reported that N two-level systems (TLSs) located near a one-dimensional waveguide can generate SS by using the mediation effect of the waveguide. However, a coherent driving on each TLS is used to stabilize the SS, which raises a high requirement for experiments. We here propose a scheme to generate stable SS resorting to neither the spin-spin coupling nor the coherent driving on the TLSs. Incorporating the mediation role of the common waveguide and the technique of squeezed-reservoir engineering, our scheme exhibits the advantages over previous ones in the scaling relation of the SS parameter with the number of the TLSs. The long-range correlation feature of the generated SS along the waveguide in our scheme may endow it with certain superiority in quantum sensing, e.g., improving the sensing efficiency of spatially unidentified weak magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Bai
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Hong An
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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