1
|
Zhang TH, Wang WM, Li YT, Zhang J. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in the Strongly Relativistic Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:065105. [PMID: 38394557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Stable transport of laser beams in highly overdense plasmas is of significance in the fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion, relativistic electron generation, and powerful electromagnetic emission, but hard to realize. Early in 1996, Harris proposed an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) mechanism, analogous to the concept in atomic physics, to transport a low-frequency (LF) laser in overdense plasmas aided by a high-frequency pump laser. However, subsequent investigations show that EIT cannot occur in real plasmas with boundaries. Here, our particle-in-cell simulations show that EIT can occur in the strongly relativistic regime and result in stable propagation of a LF laser in bounded plasmas with tens of its critical density. A relativistic three-wave coupling model is developed, and the criteria and frequency passband for EIT occurrence are presented. The passband is sufficiently wide in the strongly relativistic regime, allowing EIT to work sustainably. Nevertheless, it is narrowed to nearly an isolated point in the weakly relativistic regime, which can explain the quenching of EIT in bounded plasmas found in previous investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Huai Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Ma Z, Liu Z, Yao J, Zhong J. Suppressing the false magnetic field in beam-splitting Faraday rotation measurement. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8945-8950. [PMID: 38038042 DOI: 10.1364/ao.505547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In laser-plasma experiments, the beam-splitting Faraday rotation measurement is usually used for mapping the magnetic field. Due to the geometric characteristics of the beam-splitting configuration, the split beams are not always incident normally on the image plane, and their spots have different shapes and intensity distributions. Ignoring these issues will inevitably introduce errors in polarization calculation and then generate large false magnetic fields. We introduced the restoration method to recover the spots and suppress the false magnetic field. We applied this method to ZEMAX simulation data and Shenguang-II experimental data. Compared to the method of directly overlaying the spots, it can reduce the average false magnetic field by about 50%. And the false magnetic field at the edge of the spot is reduced by one order of magnitude. We can highly improve the accuracy of the magnetic field measurement with the Faraday rotation method.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi Y, Arefiev A, Hao JX, Zheng J. Efficient Generation of Axial Magnetic Field by Multiple Laser Beams with Twisted Pointing Directions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:155101. [PMID: 37115879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Strong laser-driven magnetic fields are crucial for high-energy-density physics and laboratory astrophysics research, but generation of axial multikilotesla fields remains a challenge. The difficulty comes from the inability of a conventional linearly polarized laser beam to induce the required azimuthal current or, equivalently, angular momentum (AM). We show that several laser beams can overcome this difficulty. Our three-dimensional kinetic simulations demonstrate that a twist in their pointing directions enables them to carry orbital AM and transfer it to the plasma, thus generating a hot electron population carrying AM needed to sustain the magnetic field. The resulting multikilotesla field occupies a volume that is tens of thousands of cubic microns and it persists on a picosecond timescale. The mechanism can be realized for a wide range of laser intensities and pulse durations. Our scheme is well suited for implementation using multikilojoule petawatt-class lasers, because, by design, they have multiple beamlets and because the scheme requires only linear polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Alexey Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jue Xuan Hao
- Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Peoples Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xing C, Sun W, Zhong J. A Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI) optical polarimeter: Design and laboratory tests. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033505. [PMID: 37012817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous and external magnetic fields interacting with plasmas are essential in high-energy-density and magnetic confinement fusion physics. Measuring these magnetic fields, especially their topologies, is crucial. This paper develops a new type of optical polarimeter based on the Martin-Puplett interferometer (MPI), which can probe magnetic fields with the Faraday rotation method. We introduce the design and working principle of an MPI polarimeter. With the laboratory tests, we demonstrate the measurement process and compare the results with the measurement result of a Gauss meter. These very close results verify the polarization detection capability of the MPI polarimeter and show the potential for its application in magnetic field measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Zhang
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengdong Liu
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunqing Xing
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiayong Zhong
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mirzaeian R, Hosseinimotlagh SN, Shaghaghian M. Dynamics effects of tritium reduction on the energy gain of D-T fuel pellet using double cone ignition. KERNTECHNIK 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2022-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper a study of the behavior of Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) plasma nuclear fusion reaction in terms of variations of time and temperature and in the presence of deuterium-tritium sources using double cone ignition is presented. The aim is the determination of the optimum physical conditions with low tritium consumption rate for obtaining the total energy gain with a value of greater than 200.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roohalah Mirzaeian
- Department of Physics, Shiraz Branch , Islamic Azad University , Shiraz , Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang TH, Wang WM, Li YT, Zhang J. Magnetization of high-density plasma with a jet velocity of hundreds of km/s. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055211. [PMID: 36559445 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High magnetic fields at the kilotesla scale have been experimentally generated and finding methods to fully embed such fields into high-density plasma is interesting for magnetically assisted a fast ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and magnetically guided fast electron beam for broad applications. We investigate diffusion and embedment of an external magnetic field inwards a high-density plasma by analysis and simulation. By introducing the magnetic Péclet number, dimensional analysis indicates that the magnetizing process is sensitive to the jet velocity, temperature, and size of the plasma and gives a phenomenological scaling law of the magnetic field embedment time with an arbitrary jet velocity. The analytical results are verified by magnetic field simulation and applied in 100-g/cm^{3}, 100-μm-radius plasmas with a jet velocity of 0-400 km/s and a temperature of 50-500 eV, typically adopted in experiments. Attributed to an effective electric field from frame transformation, the magnetic field embedment time can be significantly reduced by one order of magnitude when a jetting plasma is adopted with a velocity of hundreds of kilometers per second, e.g., from 5.5 ns in a static plasma to a 0.5 ns timescale in a jetting plasma of 200 km/s. The promoted embedment process favors for various applications mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Huai Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Walsh CA. Magnetized ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability in three dimensions. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025206. [PMID: 35291065 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional extended-magnetohydrodynamics simulations of the magnetized ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability are presented. Previous two-dimensional (2D) simulations claiming perturbation suppression by magnetic tension are shown to be misleading, as they do not include the most unstable dimension. For perturbation modes along the applied field direction, the magnetic field simultaneously reduces ablative stabilization and adds magnetic tension stabilization; the stabilizing term is found to dominate for applied fields > 5 T, with both effects increasing in importance at short wavelengths. For modes perpendicular to the applied field, magnetic tension does not directly stabilize the perturbation but can result in moderately slower growth due to the perturbation appearing to be 2D (albeit in a different orientation to 2D inertial confinement fusion simulations). In cases where thermal ablative stabilization is dominant the applied field increases the peak bubble-spike height. Resistive diffusion is shown to be important for short wavelengths and long timescales, reducing the effectiveness of tension stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sano T, Tamatani S, Matsuo K, Law KFF, Morita T, Egashira S, Ota M, Kumar R, Shimogawara H, Hara Y, Lee S, Sakata S, Rigon G, Michel T, Mabey P, Albertazzi B, Koenig M, Casner A, Shigemori K, Fujioka S, Murakami M, Sakawa Y. Laser astrophysics experiment on the amplification of magnetic fields by shock-induced interfacial instabilities. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:035206. [PMID: 34654211 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.035206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laser experiments are becoming established as tools for astronomical research that complement observations and theoretical modeling. Localized strong magnetic fields have been observed at a shock front of supernova explosions. Experimental confirmation and identification of the physical mechanism for this observation are of great importance in understanding the evolution of the interstellar medium. However, it has been challenging to treat the interaction between hydrodynamic instabilities and an ambient magnetic field in the laboratory. Here, we developed an experimental platform to examine magnetized Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI). The measured growth velocity was consistent with the linear theory, and the magnetic-field amplification was correlated with RMI growth. Our experiment validated the turbulent amplification of magnetic fields associated with the shock-induced interfacial instability in astrophysical conditions. Experimental elucidation of fundamental processes in magnetized plasmas is generally essential in various situations such as fusion plasmas and planetary sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Tamatani
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - King Fai Farley Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taichi Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Egashira
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Ota
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimogawara
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seungho Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Administration and Technology Center for Science and Engineering, Technology Management Division, Waseda University, Okubo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Gabriel Rigon
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Thibault Michel
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Paul Mabey
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Albertazzi
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, École Polytechnique, UPMC, Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Alexis Casner
- CEA-CESTA, 15 avenue des Sabliéres, CS 60001, 33116 Le Barp Cedex, France.,Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Keisuke Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Casner A. Recent progress in quantifying hydrodynamics instabilities and turbulence in inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density experiments. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200021. [PMID: 33280557 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal paper of Nuckolls triggering the quest of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) with lasers, hydrodynamic instabilities have been recognized as one of the principal hurdles towards ignition. This remains true nowadays for both main approaches (indirect drive and direct drive), despite the advent of MJ scale lasers with tremendous technological capabilities. From a fundamental science perspective, these gigantic laser facilities enable also the possibility to create dense plasma flows evolving towards turbulence, being magnetized or not. We review the state of the art of nonlinear hydrodynamics and turbulent experiments, simulations and theory in ICF and high-energy-density plasmas and draw perspectives towards in-depth understanding and control of these fascinating phenomena. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Casner
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song HH, Wang WM, Wang JQ, Li YT, Zhang J. Low-frequency whistler waves excited by relativistic laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053204. [PMID: 33327142 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that intense secondary whistler waves with special vortexlike field topology can be excited by a relativistic laser pulse in the highly magnetized, near-critical density plasma. Such whistler waves with lower frequencies obliquely propagate on both sides of the laser propagation axis. The energy conversion rate from laser to whistler waves can exceed 15%. Their dispersion relations and field polarization properties can be well explained by the linear cold-plasma model. The present work presents a new excitation mechanism of whistler modes extending to the relativistic regime and could also be applied in magnetically assisted fast ignition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Wang WM, Yang XH, Wu D, Ma YY, Jiao JL, Zhang Z, Wu FY, Yuan XH, Li YT, Zhu JQ. Double-cone ignition scheme for inertial confinement fusion. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20200015. [PMID: 33040660 PMCID: PMC7658757 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While major progress has been made in the research of inertial confinement fusion, significant challenges remain in the pursuit of ignition. To tackle the challenges, we propose a double-cone ignition (DCI) scheme, in which two head-on gold cones are used to confine deuterium-tritium (DT) shells imploded by high-power laser pulses. The scheme is composed of four progressive controllable processes: quasi-isentropic compression, acceleration, head-on collision and fast heating of the compressed fuel. The quasi-isentropic compression is performed inside two head-on cones. At the later stage of the compression, the DT shells in the cones are accelerated to forward velocities of hundreds of km s-1. The head-on collision of the compressed and accelerated fuels from the cone tips transfer the forward kinetic energy to the thermal energy of the colliding fuel with an increased density. The preheated high-density fuel can keep its status for a period of approximately 200 ps. Within this period, MeV electrons generated by ps heating laser pulses, guided by a ns laser-produced strong magnetic field further heat the fuel efficiently. Our simulations show that the implosion inside the head-on cones can greatly mitigate the energy requirement for compression; the collision can preheat the compressed fuel of approximately 300 g cm-3 to a temperature above keV. The fuel can then reach an ignition temperature of greater than 5 keV with magnetically assisted heating of MeV electrons generated by the heating laser pulses. Experimental campaigns to demonstrate the scheme have already begun. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 1)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - W. M. Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - X. H. Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - D. Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Y. Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - J. L. Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - F. Y. Wu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - X. H. Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. T. Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - J. Q. Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of High Power lasers and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren J, Deng Z, Qi W, Chen B, Ma B, Wang X, Yin S, Feng J, Liu W, Xu Z, Hoffmann DHH, Wang S, Fan Q, Cui B, He S, Cao Z, Zhao Z, Cao L, Gu Y, Zhu S, Cheng R, Zhou X, Xiao G, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wu D, Zhou W, Zhao Y. Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5157. [PMID: 33057005 PMCID: PMC7560615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion. A detailed understanding of particle stopping in matter is essential for nuclear fusion and high energy density science. Here, the authors report one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter in comparison with currently used models describing ion stopping in matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhigang Deng
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Benzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bubo Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhongfeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dieter H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Quanping Fan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Shukai He
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zhurong Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zongqing Zhao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Leifeng Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Yuqiu Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Shaoping Zhu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, 100094, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Yongtao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murakami M, Honrubia JJ, Weichman K, Arefiev AV, Bulanov SV. Generation of megatesla magnetic fields by intense-laser-driven microtube implosions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16653. [PMID: 33024183 PMCID: PMC7538441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A microtube implosion driven by ultraintense laser pulses is used to produce ultrahigh magnetic fields. Due to the laser-produced hot electrons with energies of mega-electron volts, cold ions in the inner wall surface implode towards the central axis. By pre-seeding uniform magnetic fields on the kilotesla order, the Lorenz force induces the Larmor gyromotion of the imploding ions and electrons. Due to the resultant collective motion of relativistic charged particles around the central axis, strong spin current densities of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}∼ peta-ampere/\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\hbox {cm}^{2}$$\end{document}cm2 are produced with a few tens of nm size, generating megatesla-order magnetic fields. The underlying physics and important scaling are revealed by particle simulations and a simple analytical model. The concept holds promise to open new frontiers in many branches of fundamental physics and applications in terms of ultrahigh magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Weichman
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - A V Arefiev
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - S V Bulanov
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, Na Slovance 2, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic.,Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu D, Yu W, Sheng ZM, Fritzsche S, He XT. Uniform warm dense matter formed by direct laser heating in the presence of external magnetic fields. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:051202. [PMID: 32575343 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the recent realization of kilotesla quasistatic magnetic fields, the interaction of a laser with magnetized solids enters an unexplored new regime. In particular, a circularly polarized (CP) laser pulse may propagate in a highly magnetized plasma of any high density without encountering cutoff reflection in the whistler mode. With this, we propose a scheme for producing uniform warm dense matter (WDM) by direct laser heating with a CP laser irradiating onto the target along the magnetic field. It is shown by particle-in-cell simulations, which include advanced ionization dynamics and collision dynamics, moderately intense right-hand CP laser light at 10^{15}W/cm^{2} can propagate in solid aluminum and heat it efficiently to the 100 eV level within picoseconds. By using two laser pulses irradiating from two sides of a thin solid target, uniform heating to WDM can be achieved. This provides a controllable way to create WDM at different temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Department of Physics, Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Z M Sheng
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, USPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.,Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - X T He
- Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sano T, Fujioka S, Mori Y, Mima K, Sentoku Y. Thermonuclear fusion triggered by collapsing standing whistler waves in magnetized overdense plasmas. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:013206. [PMID: 32069605 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.013206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermal fusion plasmas initiated by standing whistler waves are investigated numerically by two- and one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. When a standing whistler wave collapses due to the wave breaking of ion plasma waves, the energy of the electromagnetic waves transfers directly to the ion kinetic energy. Here we find that ion heating by use of standing whistler waves is operational even in multidimensional simulations of multi-ion species targets, such as deuterium-tritium (DT) ices and solid ammonia borane (H_{6}BN). The energy conversion efficiency to ions becomes as high as 15% of the injected laser energy, which depends significantly on the target thickness and laser pulse duration. The ion temperature could reach a few tens of keV or much higher if appropriate laser-plasma conditions are selected. DT fusion plasmas generated by this method must be useful as efficient neutron sources. Our numerical simulations suggest that the neutron generation efficiency exceeds 10^{9} n/J per steradian, which is beyond the current achievements of the state-of-the-art laser experiments. Standing whistler-wave heating would expand the experimental possibility for an alternative ignition design of magnetically confined laser fusion and also for more difficult fusion reactions, including the aneutronic proton-boron reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Mori
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Kunioki Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sano T, Hata M, Kawahito D, Mima K, Sentoku Y. Ultrafast wave-particle energy transfer in the collapse of standing whistler waves. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:053205. [PMID: 31869898 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.053205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient energy transfer from electromagnetic waves to ions has been demanded to control laboratory plasmas for various applications and could be useful to understand the nature of space and astrophysical plasmas. However, there exists the severe unsolved problem that most of the wave energy is converted quickly to electrons but not to ions. Here, an energy-to-ion conversion process in overdense plasmas associated with whistler waves is investigated by numerical simulations and a theoretical model. Whistler waves propagating along a magnetic field in space and laboratories often form standing waves by the collision of counter-propagating waves or through the reflection. We find that ions in standing whistler waves acquire a large amount of energy directly from the waves over a short time scale comparable to the wave oscillation period. The thermalized ion temperature increases in proportion to the square of the wave amplitude and becomes much higher than the electron temperature in a wide range of wave-plasma conditions. This efficient ion-heating mechanism applies to various plasma phenomena in space physics and fusion energy sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daiki Kawahito
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - Kunioki Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Terças H, Rodrigues JD, Mendonça JT. Axion-Plasmon Polaritons in Strongly Magnetized Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:181803. [PMID: 29775373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.181803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Axions are hypothetical particles related to the violation of the charge-parity symmetry within the strong sector of the standard model, being one of the most prone candidates for dark matter. Multiple attempts to prove their existence are currently performed in different physical systems. Here, we predict that axions may couple to the electrostatic (Langmuir) modes of a strongly magnetized plasma, and show that a new quasiparticle can be defined, the axion-plasmon polariton. The excitation of axions can be inferred from the pronounced modification of the dispersion relation of the Langmuir waves, a feature that we estimate to be accessible in state-of-the-art plasma-based experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Terças
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J D Rodrigues
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J T Mendonça
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sánchez-Arriaga G, Zhou J, Ahedo E, Martínez-Sánchez M, Ramos JJ. Kinetic features and non-stationary electron trapping in paraxial magnetic nozzles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aaad7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Wang WM, Gibbon P, Sheng ZM, Li YT, Zhang J. Laser opacity in underdense preplasma of solid targets due to quantum electrodynamics effects. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:013201. [PMID: 29347155 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate how next-generation laser pulses at 10-200PW interact with a solid target in the presence of a relativistically underdense preplasma produced by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Laser hole boring and relativistic transparency are strongly restrained due to the generation of electron-positron pairs and γ-ray photons via quantum electrodynamics (QED) processes. A pair plasma with a density above the initial preplasma density is formed, counteracting the electron-free channel produced by hole boring. This pair-dominated plasma can block laser transport and trigger an avalanchelike QED cascade, efficiently transferring the laser energy to the photons. This renders a 1-μm scale-length, underdense preplasma completely opaque to laser pulses at this power level. The QED-induced opacity therefore sets much higher contrast requirements for such a pulse in solid-target experiments than expected by classical plasma physics. Our simulations show, for example, that proton acceleration from the rear of a solid with a preplasma would be strongly impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-M Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - P Gibbon
- Forschungzentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.,Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Z-M Sheng
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y-T Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China.,IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bailly-Grandvaux M, Santos JJ, Bellei C, Forestier-Colleoni P, Fujioka S, Giuffrida L, Honrubia JJ, Batani D, Bouillaud R, Chevrot M, Cross JE, Crowston R, Dorard S, Dubois JL, Ehret M, Gregori G, Hulin S, Kojima S, Loyez E, Marquès JR, Morace A, Nicolaï P, Roth M, Sakata S, Schaumann G, Serres F, Servel J, Tikhonchuk VT, Woolsey N, Zhang Z. Guiding of relativistic electron beams in dense matter by laser-driven magnetostatic fields. Nat Commun 2018; 9:102. [PMID: 29317653 PMCID: PMC5760627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense lasers interacting with dense targets accelerate relativistic electron beams, which transport part of the laser energy into the target depth. However, the overall laser-to-target energy coupling efficiency is impaired by the large divergence of the electron beam, intrinsic to the laser-plasma interaction. Here we demonstrate that an efficient guiding of MeV electrons with about 30 MA current in solid matter is obtained by imposing a laser-driven longitudinal magnetostatic field of 600 T. In the magnetized conditions the transported energy density and the peak background electron temperature at the 60-μm-thick target's rear surface rise by about a factor of five, as unfolded from benchmarked simulations. Such an improvement of energy-density flux through dense matter paves the ground for advances in laser-driven intense sources of energetic particles and radiation, driving matter to extreme temperatures, reaching states relevant for planetary or stellar science as yet inaccessible at the laboratory scale and achieving high-gain laser-driven thermonuclear fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - C Bellei
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Forestier-Colleoni
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - L Giuffrida
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros 3, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - R Bouillaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Chevrot
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J E Cross
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - R Crowston
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Dorard
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J-L Dubois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Ehret
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - S Hulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - S Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - E Loyez
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J-R Marquès
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - G Schaumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Serres
- LULI, UMR 7605, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC: Sorbonne Universités, F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J Servel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - N Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sano T, Tanaka Y, Iwata N, Hata M, Mima K, Murakami M, Sentoku Y. Broadening of cyclotron resonance conditions in the relativistic interaction of an intense laser with overdense plasmas. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:043209. [PMID: 29347491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.043209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of dense plasmas with an intense laser under a strong external magnetic field has been investigated. When the cyclotron frequency for the ambient magnetic field is higher than the laser frequency, the laser's electromagnetic field is converted to the whistler mode that propagates along the field line. Because of the nature of the whistler wave, the laser light penetrates into dense plasmas with no cutoff density, and produces superthermal electrons through cyclotron resonance. It is found that the cyclotron resonance absorption occurs effectively under the broadened conditions, or a wider range of the external field, which is caused by the presence of relativistic electrons accelerated by the laser field. The upper limit of the ambient field for the resonance increases in proportion to the square root of the relativistic laser intensity. The propagation of a large-amplitude whistler wave could raise the possibility for plasma heating and particle acceleration deep inside dense plasmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsumi Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunioki Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matsuo K, Nagatomo H, Zhang Z, Nicolai P, Sano T, Sakata S, Kojima S, Lee SH, Law KFF, Arikawa Y, Sakawa Y, Morita T, Kuramitsu Y, Fujioka S, Azechi H. Magnetohydrodynamics of laser-produced high-energy-density plasma in a strong external magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:053204. [PMID: 28618498 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.053204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the generation in the laboratory of a strong (>100-T) magnetic field enables us to investigate experimentally unexplored magnetohydrodynamics phenomena of a high-energy-density plasma, which an external magnetic field of 200-300 T notably affects due to anisotropic thermal conduction, even when the magnetic field pressure is much lower than the plasma pressure. The external magnetic field reduces electron thermal conduction across the external magnetic field lines because the Larmor radius of the thermal electrons in the external magnetic field is much shorter than the mean free path of the thermal electrons. The velocity of a thin polystyrene foil driven by intense laser beams in the strong external magnetic field is faster than that in the absence of the external magnetic field. Growth of sinusoidal corrugation imposed initially on the laser-driven polystyrene surface is enhanced by the external magnetic field because the plasma pressure distribution becomes nonuniform due to the external magnetic-field structure modulated by the perturbed plasma flow ablated from the corrugated surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Philippe Nicolai
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sadaoki Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - King Fai Farley Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taichi Morita
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-kouen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang WM, Gibbon P, Sheng ZM, Li YT. Integrated simulation approach for laser-driven fast ignition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:013101. [PMID: 25679717 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.013101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated simulation approach fully based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) model is proposed, which involves both fast-particle generation via laser solid-density plasma interaction and transport and energy deposition of the particles in extremely high-density plasma. It is realized by introducing two independent systems in a simulation, where the fast-particle generation is simulated by a full PIC system and the transport and energy deposition computed by a second PIC system with a reduced field solver. Data of the fast particles generated in the full PIC system are copied to the reduced PIC system in real time as the fast-particle source. Unlike a two-region approach, which takes a single PIC system and two field solvers in two plasma density regions, respectively, the present one need not match the field solvers since the reduced field solver and the full solver adopted respectively in the two systems are independent. A simulation case is presented, which demonstrates that this approach can be applied to integrated simulation of fast ignition with real target densities, e.g., 300 g/cm(3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-M Wang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425 Jülich, Germany and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - P Gibbon
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Z-M Sheng
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China and SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom and Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y-T Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|