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Yoo J, Ahn J, Ha H, Claud Jonas J, Kim C, Ham Kim H. Single-Beam Acoustic Tweezers for Cell Biology: Molecular to In Vivo Level. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2024; 71:1269-1288. [PMID: 39250365 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2024.3456083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers have attracted attention in various fields of cell biology, including in vitro single-cell and intercellular mechanics. Compared with other tweezing technologies such as optical and magnetic tweezers, acoustic tweezers possess stronger forces and are safer for use in biological systems. However, due to the limited spatial resolution or limited size of target objects, acoustic tweezers have primarily been used to manipulate cells in vitro. To extend the advantages of acoustic tweezers to other levels (e.g., molecular and in vivo levels), researchers have recently developed various types of acoustic tweezers such as single-beam acoustic tweezers (SBATs), surface acoustic wave (SAW) tweezers, and acoustic-streaming tweezers. Among these, SBATs utilize a single-focused beam, making the transducer and system simple, noninvasive, and capable of producing strong forces compared with other types of tweezers. Depending on the acoustic beam pattern, SBATs can be classified into Rayleigh regime, Mie regime, and acoustic vortex with different trapping dynamics and application levels. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles and configuration of each type of SBAT, their applications ranging from molecular to in vivo studies, and their limitations and prospects. Thus, this review demonstrates the significance and potential of SBAT technology in biophysics and biomedical engineering.
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2
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Jin J, Pei G, Ji Z, Liu X, Yan T, Li W, Suo D. Transcranial focused ultrasound precise neuromodulation: a review of focal size regulation, treatment efficiency and mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1463038. [PMID: 39301015 PMCID: PMC11410768 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1463038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is a mechanical wave that can non-invasively penetrate the skull to deep brain regions to activate neurons. Transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising approach, with the advantages of noninvasiveness, high-resolution, and deep penetration, which developed rapidly over the past years. However, conventional transcranial ultrasound's spatial resolution is low-precision which hinders its use in precision neuromodulation. Here we focus on methods that could increase the spatial resolution, gain modulation efficiency at the focal spot, and potential mechanisms of ultrasound neuromodulation. In this paper, we summarize strategies to enhance the precision of ultrasound stimulation, which could potentially improve the ultrasound neuromodulation technic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Pei
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Ji
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinze Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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3
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Orazbayev B, Malléjac M, Bachelard N, Rotter S, Fleury R. Wave-momentum shaping for moving objects in heterogeneous and dynamic media. NATURE PHYSICS 2024; 20:1441-1447. [PMID: 39282552 PMCID: PMC11392811 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Light and sound waves can move objects through the transfer of linear or angular momentum, which has led to the development of optical and acoustic tweezers, with applications ranging from biomedical engineering to quantum optics. Although impressive manipulation results have been achieved, the stringent requirement for a highly controlled, low-reverberant and static environment still hinders the applicability of these techniques in many scenarios. Here we overcome this challenge and demonstrate the manipulation of objects in disordered and dynamic media by optimally tailoring the momentum of sound waves iteratively in the far field. The method does not require information about the object's physical properties or the spatial structure of the surrounding medium but relies only on a real-time scattering matrix measurement and a positional guide-star. Our experiment demonstrates the possibility of optimally moving and rotating objects to extend the reach of wave-based object manipulation to complex and dynamic scattering media. We envision new opportunities for biomedical applications, sensing and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Orazbayev
- Physics Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Malléjac
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bachelard
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR5798, Talence, France
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Rotter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Romain Fleury
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Li T, Li J, Bo L, Bachman H, Fan B, Cheng J, Tian Z. Robot-assisted chirality-tunable acoustic vortex tweezers for contactless, multifunctional, 4-DOF object manipulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7698. [PMID: 38787945 PMCID: PMC11122681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Robotic manipulation of small objects has shown great potential for engineering, biology, and chemistry research. However, existing robotic platforms have difficulty in achieving contactless, high-resolution, 4-degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) manipulation of small objects, and noninvasive maneuvering of objects in regions shielded by tissue and bone barriers. Here, we present chirality-tunable acoustic vortex tweezers that can tune acoustic vortex chirality, transmit through biological barriers, trap single micro- to millimeter-sized objects, and control object rotation. Assisted by programmable robots, our acoustic systems further enable contactless, high-resolution translation of single objects. Our systems were demonstrated by tuning acoustic vortex chirality, controlling object rotation, and translating objects along arbitrary-shaped paths. Moreover, we used our systems to trap single objects in regions with tissue and skull barriers and translate an object inside a Y-shaped channel of a thick biomimetic phantom. In addition, we showed the function of ultrasound imaging-assisted acoustic manipulation by monitoring acoustic object manipulation via live ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Luyu Bo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Bei Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jiangtao Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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5
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Lim MX, VanSaders B, Jaeger HM. Acoustic manipulation of multi-body structures and dynamics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:064601. [PMID: 38670083 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad43f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Sound can exert forces on objects of any material and shape. This has made the contactless manipulation of objects by intense ultrasound a fascinating area of research with wide-ranging applications. While much is understood for acoustic forcing of individual objects, sound-mediated interactions among multiple objects at close range gives rise to a rich set of structures and dynamics that are less explored and have been emerging as a frontier for research. We introduce the basic mechanisms giving rise to sound-mediated interactions among rigid as well as deformable particles, focusing on the regime where the particles' size and spacing are much smaller than the sound wavelength. The interplay of secondary acoustic scattering, Bjerknes forces, and micro-streaming is discussed and the role of particle shape is highlighted. Furthermore, we present recent advances in characterizing non-conservative and non-pairwise additive contributions to the particle interactions, along with instabilities and active fluctuations. These excitations emerge at sufficiently strong sound energy density and can act as an effective temperature in otherwise athermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody X Lim
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Bryan VanSaders
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Heinrich M Jaeger
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
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6
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Zhao SD, Zhang NL, Han P, Gu Y, Dong HW. Enhanced Broadband Manipulation of Acoustic Vortex Beams Using 3-bit Coding Metasurfaces through Topological Optimization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308349. [PMID: 38229570 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The acoustic coding metasurfaces (ACMs) have the ability to manipulate complex acoustic behavior by reconstructing the coding sequence. In particular, the design of broadband coding enhances the versatility of ACMs. ACMs offer significant advantages over traditional metasurfaces, including a limited number of units and flexible wave control performance. The unit quantity is determined by 2n, with 1-bit utilizing 2 units, 2-bit using 4 units, and 3-bit employing 8 units. Utilizing multiple bits allows for precise control over the phase of sound waves and enables the realization of more intricate acoustic functions. To address the requirements of broadband multi-bit applications, this paper presents the development of novel 3-bit broadband reflected acoustic coding metasurfaces (BACMs) with eight coding units. These metasurfaces are systematically designed using the bottom-up topology optimization method. A constant phase difference of 45° can be achieved across all eight coding units within a broad frequency range. Additionally, the spiral distribution of phase differences enables the construction of an acoustic vortex metasurface. Moreover, by combining the convolution method, the strategies are outlined for constructing vortex-focusing metasurfaces and vortex beam manipulation metasurfaces. These 3-bit coding metasurfaces possess significant potential in the fields of acoustic particle suspension and acoustic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dong Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Institute of Mechanics for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Na-Li Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ping Han
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Institute of Mechanics for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Wen Dong
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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7
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Gokani CA, Haberman MR, Hamilton MF. Paraxial and ray approximations of acoustic vortex beams. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:2707-2723. [PMID: 38647257 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A compact analytical solution obtained in the paraxial approximation is used to investigate focused and unfocused vortex beams radiated by a source with a Gaussian amplitude distribution. Comparisons with solutions of the Helmholtz equation are conducted to determine bounds on the parameter space in which the paraxial approximation is accurate. A linear relation is obtained for the dependence of the vortex ring radius on the topological charge, characterized by its orbital number, in the far field of an unfocused beam and in the focal plane of a focused beam. For a focused beam, it is shown that as the orbital number increases, the vortex ring not only increases in radius but also moves out of the focal plane in the direction of the source. For certain parameters, it is demonstrated that with increasing orbital number, the maximum amplitude in a focused beam becomes localized along a spheroidal surface enclosing a shadow zone in the prefocal region. This field structure is described analytically by ray theory developed in the present work, showing that the spheroidal surface in the prefocal region coincides with a simple expression for the coordinates of the caustic surface formed in a focused vortex beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag A Gokani
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
| | - Michael R Haberman
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
| | - Mark F Hamilton
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
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8
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Li X, Cao Y, Ng J. Non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory for trapped particles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1963. [PMID: 38438361 PMCID: PMC10912716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The equipartition theorem is an elegant cornerstone theory of thermal and statistical physics. However, it fails to address some contemporary problems, such as those associated with optical and acoustic trapping, due to the non-Hermitian nature of the external wave-induced force. We use stochastic calculus to solve the Langevin equation and thereby analytically generalize the equipartition theorem to a theory that we denote the non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory. We use the non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory to calculate the relevant statistics, which reveal that the averaged kinetic and potential energies are no longer equal to kBT/2 and are not equipartitioned. As examples, we apply non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory to derive the connection between the non-Hermitian trapping force and particle statistics, whereby measurement of the latter can determine the former. Furthermore, we apply a non-Hermitian force to convert a saddle potential into a stable potential, leading to a different type of stable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyin Cao
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jack Ng
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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9
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Contreras V, Volke-Sepúlveda K. Enhanced standing-wave acoustic levitation using high-order transverse modes in phased array ultrasonic cavities. ULTRASONICS 2024; 138:107230. [PMID: 38176289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Airborne acoustic trapping by ultrasonic phased arrays has seen great advances in recent years, and yet the manipulation of objects with different shapes and sizes or heavy particles remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the manipulation capabilities of a standing-wave acoustic levitator can be extended by introducing intracavity high-order transverse (HOT) modes in the azimuthal direction, enabling the simultaneous trapping of several objects within a wide range of shapes and sizes with positional and rotational stability, including objects with sizes larger than one wavelength and weights in the scale of millinewtons. The conditions to generate different HOT modes are theoretically analyzed and experimentally implemented. We numerically calculate the pressure distributions, exhibiting good qualitative agreement with the experimental pressure distributions obtained with schlieren images. In addition, we calculate the acoustic force field for several examples of HOT modes and different particle sizes, which leads to a qualitative understanding of the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Contreras
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
| | - Karen Volke-Sepúlveda
- Instituto Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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10
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Vincent S, Marchiano R, Thomas JL. Filtered Lebedev quadrature method for robust and efficient beam shape coefficient estimation in acoustic tweezers calibration. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:4016-4027. [PMID: 38156800 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers offer a contactless, three-dimensional, and selective approach to trapping objects by harnessing the acoustic radiation force. Precise control of this technique requires accurate calibration of the force, which depends on the object's properties and the spherical harmonics expansion of the incident field through the beam shape coefficients. Previous studies showed that these coefficients can be determined using either the Lebedev quadrature or the angular spectrum methods. However, the former is highly susceptible to noise, while the latter demands extensive implementation time due to the number of required measurement points. A filtered method with a reduced number of points is introduced to address these limitations. Initially, we emphasize the implicit filtering in the angular spectrum method, allowing relative noise insensitivity. Subsequently, we present its unfiltered version, enabling force estimation of a standing field. Finally, we develop a filtered method based on the Lebedev quadrature, requiring fewer points, and apply it to focused vortex beams. Numerical evaluation of the radiation force demonstrates the method's resilience to noise and a reduced need for points compared to previous methods. The filtered Lebedev method paves the way for characterizing high-frequency acoustic tweezers, where measurement constraints necessitate rapid and robust beam shape coefficient estimation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Régis Marchiano
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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11
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Alhaïtz L, Brunet T, Aristégui C, Poncelet O, Baresch D. Confined Phase Singularities Reveal the Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion of Sound Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:114001. [PMID: 37774300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We identify an acoustic process in which the conversion of angular momentum between its spin and orbital form takes place. The interaction between an evanescent wave propagating at the interface of two immiscible fluids and an isolated droplet is considered. The elliptical motion of the fluid supporting the incident wave is associated with a simple state of spin angular momentum, a quantity recently introduced for acoustic waves in the literature. We experimentally observe that this field predominantly forces a directional wave transport circling the droplet's interior, revealing the existence of confined phase singularities. The circulation of the phase, around a singular point, is characteristic of angular momentum in its orbital form, thereby demonstrating the conversion mechanism. The numerical and experimental observations presented in this Letter have implications for the fundamental understanding of the angular momentum of acoustic waves, and for applications such as particle manipulation with radiation forces or torques, acoustic sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Alhaïtz
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Thomas Brunet
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Olivier Poncelet
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Diego Baresch
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
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12
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Vincent S, Challande P, Marchiano R. Calibration of the axial stiffness of a single-beam acoustic tweezers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:095102. [PMID: 37668511 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-beam acoustic tweezers have recently been demonstrated to be capable of selective three-dimensional trapping. This new contactless manipulation modality has great potential for many scientific applications. Its development as a scientific tool requires precise calibration of its radiation force, specifically its axial component. The lack of calibration for this force is mainly due to its weak magnitude compared to competing effects such as weight. We investigate an experimental method for the calibration of the axial stiffness of the radiation force by observing the axial oscillations of a trapped bead in a microgravity environment. The stiffness exhibits a linear relationship with the acoustic intensity and is of the mN/m order. Then, a predictive model, loaded with the experimental acoustic field, is compared to the measured stiffness with very good agreement, within a single amplitude coefficient. This study paves the way for the development of calibrated acoustic tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Paris 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pascal Challande
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Paris 75005, France
| | - Régis Marchiano
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Paris 75005, France
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13
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Yang S, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Wang Z, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustic tweezers for high-throughput single-cell analysis. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2441-2458. [PMID: 37468650 PMCID: PMC11052649 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers provide an effective means for manipulating single cells and particles in a high-throughput, precise, selective and contact-free manner. The adoption of acoustic tweezers in next-generation cellular assays may advance our understanding of biological systems. Here we present a comprehensive set of instructions that guide users through device fabrication, instrumentation setup and data acquisition to study single cells with an experimental throughput that surpasses traditional methods, such as atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration, by several orders of magnitude. With acoustic tweezers, users can conduct versatile experiments that require the trapping, patterning, pairing and separation of single cells in a myriad of applications ranging across the biological and biomedical sciences. This procedure is widely generalizable and adaptable for investigations in materials and physical sciences, such as the spinning motion of colloids or the development of acoustic-based quantum simulations. Overall, the device fabrication requires ~12 h, the experimental setup of the acoustic tweezers requires 1-2 h and the cell manipulation experiment requires ~30 min to complete. Our protocol is suitable for use by interdisciplinary researchers in biology, medicine, engineering and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Wang S, Wang X, You F, Xiao H. Review of Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation Techniques: Applications and Research Advances. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1487. [PMID: 37630023 PMCID: PMC10456655 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic particle manipulation technique is a non-contact label-free method for manipulating micro- and nano-scale particles using ultrasound, which has obvious advantages over traditional optical, magnetic, and electrical micro-manipulation techniques; it has gained extensive attention in micro-nano manipulation in recent years. This paper introduces the basic principles and manipulation methods of ultrasonic particle manipulation techniques, provides a detailed overview of the current mainstream acoustic field generation methods, and also highlights, in particular, the applicable scenarios for different numbers and arrangements of ultrasonic transducer devices. Ultrasonic transducer arrays have been used extensively in various particle manipulation applications, and many sound field reconstruction algorithms based on ultrasonic transducer arrays have been proposed one after another. In this paper, unlike most other previous reviews on ultrasonic particle manipulation, we analyze and summarize the current reconstruction algorithms for generating sound fields based on ultrasonic transducer arrays and compare these algorithms. Finally, we explore the applications of ultrasonic particle manipulation technology in engineering and biological fields and summarize and forecast the research progress of ultrasonic particle manipulation technology. We believe that this review will provide superior guidance for ultrasonic particle manipulation methods based on the study of micro and nano operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China; (S.W.)
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15
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Ren X, Zhou Q, Huang J, Xu Z, Liu X. Holographic generation of arbitrary ultrasonic fields by simultaneous modulation of amplitude and phase. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107074. [PMID: 37329671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic holograms have been used widely to generate desired acoustic fields. Following the rapid development of 3D printing technology, the use of holographic lenses has become an efficient method to produce acoustic fields with high resolution and low cost. In this paper, we demonstrate a technique to modulate the amplitude and phase of ultrasonic waves simultaneously using a holographic method with high transmission efficiency and high accuracy. On this basis, we generate an Airy beam with high propagation invariance. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method when compared with the conventional acoustic holographic method. Finally, we design a sinusoidal curve with a phase gradient and a constant pressure amplitude and realize transport of a particle on a water surface along a curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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16
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Abstract
The topological properties of an object, associated with an integer called the topological invariant, are global features that cannot change continuously but only through abrupt variations, hence granting them intrinsic robustness. Engineered metamaterials (MMs) can be tailored to support highly nontrivial topological properties of their band structure, relative to their electronic, electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical response, representing one of the major breakthroughs in physics over the past decade. Here, we review the foundations and the latest advances of topological photonic and phononic MMs, whose nontrivial wave interactions have become of great interest to a broad range of science disciplines, such as classical and quantum chemistry. We first introduce the basic concepts, including the notion of topological charge and geometric phase. We then discuss the topology of natural electronic materials, before reviewing their photonic/phononic topological MM analogues, including 2D topological MMs with and without time-reversal symmetry, Floquet topological insulators, 3D, higher-order, non-Hermitian and nonlinear topological MMs. We also discuss the topological aspects of scattering anomalies, chemical reactions and polaritons. This work aims at connecting the recent advances of topological concepts throughout a broad range of scientific areas and it highlights opportunities offered by topological MMs for the chemistry community and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ni
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Simon Yves
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33174, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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17
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Wang S, Wang X, You F, Li Y, Xiao H. A Real Time Method Based on Deep Learning for Reconstructing Holographic Acoustic Fields from Phased Transducer Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1108. [PMID: 37374693 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Phased transducer arrays (PTA) can control ultrasonic waves to produce a holographic acoustic field. However, obtaining the phase of the corresponding PTA from a given holographic acoustic field is an inverse propagation problem, which is a mathematically unsolvable nonlinear system. Most of the existing methods use iterative methods, which are complex and time-consuming. To better solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel method based on deep learning to reconstruct the holographic sound field from PTA. For the imbalance and randomness of the focal point distribution in the holographic acoustic field, we constructed a novel neural network structure incorporating attention mechanisms to focus on useful focal point information in the holographic sound field. The results showed that the transducer phase distribution obtained from the neural network fully supports the PTA to generate the corresponding holographic sound field, and the simulated holographic sound field can be reconstructed with high efficiency and quality. The method proposed in this paper has the advantage of real-time performance that is difficult to achieve by traditional iterative methods and has the advantage of higher accuracy compared with the novel AcousNet methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Fucheng You
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Han Xiao
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
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18
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Zhang C, Jiang X, He J, Li Y, Ta D. Spatiotemporal Acoustic Communication by a Single Sensor via Rotational Doppler Effect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206619. [PMID: 36737847 PMCID: PMC10074052 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A longstanding pursuit in information communication is to increase transmission capacity and accuracy, with multiplexing technology playing as a promising solution. To overcome the challenges of limited spatial information density and systematic complexity in acoustic communication, here real-time spatiotemporal communication is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by a single sensor based on the rotational Doppler effect. The information carried in multiplexed orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) channels is transformed into the physical quantities of the temporal harmonic waveform and simultaneously detected by a single sensor. This single-sensor configuration is independent of the channel number and encoding scheme. The parallel transmission of complicated images is demonstrated by multiplexing eight OAM channels and achieving an extremely-low bit error rate (BER) exceeding 0.02%, owing to the intrinsic discrete frequency shift of the rotational Doppler effect. The immunity to inner-mode crosstalk and robustness to noise of the simple and low-cost communication paradigm offers promising potential to promote relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Zhang
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- Underwater Communication InstitutePengCheng LaboratoryShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiajie He
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Dean Ta
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
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19
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Huang J, Ren X, Zhou Q, Zhou J, Xu Z. Flexible acoustic lens-based surface acoustic wave device for manipulation and directional transport of micro-particles. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106865. [PMID: 36260963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging technology that is playing increasingly important roles in biomedical and pharmaceutical research and development. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have been combined with microfluidics technology to establish a SAW-based microfluidics technology that uses the unique interaction between the two techniques to manipulate substances effectively in fluids on the surface of a substrate. This paper reports a method to generate SAWs using conventional planar ultrasonic transducers and acoustic lenses. Additionally, this method is introduced to manipulate particles effectively on a substrate surface. It is demonstrated that the particle positions can be manipulated precisely in any direction on the substrate surface, thus enabling high-precision particle manipulation. We also proposed the generation of nonplanar SAWs via appropriate design of the acoustic lens and realized directional particle transport. In addition, structures to enhance forward-propagating acoustic beams are proposed. The proposed method has potential for use in microfluidics and biomedical applications, allowing tasks such as flexible cell manipulation on a chip to be performed without complex design or micromachining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junhe Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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20
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Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Han S, Wang Y. Bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers based on modulation of surface acoustic waves for dynamic and reconfigurable cluster manipulation of particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:215-228. [PMID: 36420975 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have raised great interest in the fields of tissue engineering, targeted therapy, and drug delivery. Generally, the complex structure and array layout design of interdigital electrodes would restrict the applications of acoustic tweezers. Here, we present a novel approach by using bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers to modulate the shape of acoustic pressure fields with high flexibility and accuracy. Experimental tests were conducted to perform the precise, contactless, and biocompatible cluster manipulation of polystyrene microparticles and yeast cells. Stripe, dot, quadratic lattice, hexagonal lattice, interleaved stripe, oblique stripe, and many other complex arrays were achieved by real-time modulation of amplitudes and phase relations of coherent SAWs to demonstrate the capability of the device for the cluster manipulation of particles and cells. Furthermore, rapid switching among various arrays, shape regulation, geometric parameter modulation of array units, and directional translation of microparticles and cells were implemented. This study demonstrated a favorable technique for flexible and versatile manipulation and patterning of cells and biomolecules, and it has the advantages of high manipulation accuracy and adjustability, thus it is expected to be utilized in the fields of targeted cellular assembly, biological 3D printing, and targeted release of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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21
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Lucchetta DE, Castellini P, Martarelli M, Scalise L, Pandarese G, Riminesi C, Singh G, Di Donato A, Francescangeli O, Castagna R. Light-Controlled Rotational Speed of an Acoustically Levitating Photomobile Polymer Film. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020553. [PMID: 36676299 PMCID: PMC9860897 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the light-induced changes of the rotational speed of a thin photomobile film using a single-axis acoustic levitator operating at 40 kHz. In our experiments, a 50 μm thick photomobile polymer film (PMP) is placed in one of the nodes of a stationary acoustic field. Under the action of the field, the film remains suspended in air. By externally perturbing this stable equilibrium condition, the film begins to rotate with its natural frequency. The rotations are detected in real time by monitoring the light of a low power He-Ne laser impinging on and reflected by the film itself. During the rotational motion, an external laser source is used to illuminate the PMP film; as a consequence, the film bends and the rotational speed changes by about 20 Hz. This kind of contactless long-distance interaction is an ideal platform for the development and study of many electro-optics devices in microgravity and low-friction conditions. In particular, we believe that this technology could find applications in research fields such as 3D dynamic displays and aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Eugenio Lucchetta
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Optoacoustic Lab, Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.E.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scalise
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pandarese
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Riminesi
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gautam Singh
- Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andrea Di Donato
- Dipartimento DII, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagna
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- URT-CNR@UNICAM, Photonic Materials Laboratory, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Polo di Chimica, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.E.L.); (R.C.)
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22
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Martinez-Marchese A, Ansari M, Wang M, Marzo A, Toyserkani E. On the application of sound radiation force for focusing of powder stream in directed energy deposition. ULTRASONICS 2023; 127:106830. [PMID: 36137466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges in directed energy deposition via powder feeding (DED-PF) is the powder stream divergence that results in low catchment efficiency (i.e., the fraction of particles added to the melt pool). This article introduces a new ultrasound-based powder focusing method referred to as ultrasound particle lensing (UPL), tailored for powder used in DED-PF. The method uses an ultrasound phased array to produce a small volume of high-intensity ultrasound with the required period averaged sound intensity profile. UPL was used to acoustically focus streams of Ti64 and SS 316L particles with an average size of 89μm and a particle speed of 0.6 m/s, exiting from a DED-PF nozzle analog. The e-1 powder stream widths downstream of the resulting force fields for both materials were reduced by 30%. The experimental results closely match Lagrangian and Eulerian simulations of the process. This novel setup offers the possibility of fast control of the powder stream divergence angle and effective diameter in the process zone during the DED-PF process. This will in turn improve the feature resolution and catchment efficiency of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Marchese
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada.
| | - M Ansari
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - M Wang
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - A Marzo
- UPNA Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, 31006, Spain
| | - E Toyserkani
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
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23
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Cao HX, Jung D, Lee HS, Nguyen VD, Choi E, Kim CS, Park JO, Kang B. Fabrication, Acoustic Characterization and Phase Reference-Based Calibration Method for a Single-Sided Multi-Channel Ultrasonic Actuator. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2182. [PMID: 36557481 PMCID: PMC9782305 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic actuator can be used in medical applications because it is label-free, biocompatible, and has a demonstrated history of safe operation. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in using an ultrasonic actuator in the non-contact manipulation of micromachines in various materials and sizes for therapeutic applications. This research aims to design, fabricate, and characterize a single-sided transducer array with 56 channels operating at 500 kHz, which provide benefits in the penetration of tissue. The fabricated transducer is calibrated using a phase reference calibration method to reduce position misalignment and phase discrepancies caused by acoustic interaction. The acoustic fields generated by the transducer array are measured in a 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm container filled with de-ionized water. A hydrophone is used to measure the far field in each transducer array element, and the 3D holographic pattern is analyzed based on the scanned acoustic pressure fields. Next, the phase reference calibration is applied to each transducer in the ultrasonic actuator. As a result, the homogeneity of the acoustic pressure fields surrounding the foci area is improved, and the maximum pressure is also increased in the twin trap. Finally, we demonstrate the capability to trap and manipulate micromachines with acoustic power by generating a twin trap using both optical camera and ultrasound imaging systems in a water medium. This work not only provides a comprehensive study on acoustic actuators but also inspires the next generation to use acoustics in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Xuan Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Jung
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Du Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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24
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Feng H, Wang L, Wang X, Jin J. Ultrasonic manipulation for precise positioning and equidistant transfer of inertial confinement fusion microspheres. ULTRASONICS 2022; 126:106806. [PMID: 35914377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the thermonuclear fuel container, the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) microspheres must be detected before the ICF experiment to maximize the profits of fusion reactions. However, in the current detection method, the ICF microsphere is in direct contact with the measurement platform, resulting in the ICF microsphere surface being easily damaged during the detection process. In this paper, an ultrasonic manipulation method is proposed, realizing non-destructive, high-precision, and high-efficient manipulation of the ICF microsphere by switching the two acoustic fields produced in the liquid. When detecting the ICF microsphere, the first acoustic field (1st AF) accurately traps the microsphere in the acoustic field center to achieve its precise positioning. And when the ICF microsphere is failed to pass the detection, it is transferred out of the microscope measurement area by switching to the second acoustic field (2nd AF). Two solid vibration modes, their corresponding acoustic fields, and the two acoustic streaming fields are first computed by the finite element method. Then, the manipulation experiments indicated that the ICF microspheres can be first driven to the center of the 1st AF and then be positioned here with a minimum positional fluctuation of 1.1 μm. By changing to the 2nd AF, the positioned microsphere can be transferred nearly 11 mm to the nearest antinode from the acoustic field center. Finally, based on the proposed ultrasonic manipulation method, the detection experiments of the ICF microsphere were carried out, illustrating that the positioning of the 1st AF meets the requirements of the morphology detection and the radius measurement of the ICF microsphere. The proposed method holds the advantages of non-destructive, high-precision, simple control scheme and meets the practical application needs of the microsphere fixed-point detection, presenting the potential promise for the field of microsphere detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoren Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jiamei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Yudao 29, Nanjing 210016, China
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25
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Shahriar M, Lui YH, Zhang B, Lichade K, Pan Y, Hu S. Acoustic Tweezer-Modulated Biomimetic Patterned Particle-Polymer Composite for Water Vapor Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44782-44791. [PMID: 36129474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the recent threat of climate change and global warming, ensuring access to safe drinking water is a great challenge in many areas worldwide. Designing functional materials for capturing water from natural resources like fog and mist has become one of the key research areas to maximize the production of clean water. From this aspect, nature is a great source for designing bioinspired functional materials as some of the plant leaves and animal exoskeletons can harness water and then store it to save themselves from arid, xeric conditions. Inspired by the Stenocara beetle, we have designed a composite surface structure with periodic islands made of aluminum microparticles surrounded by poly(dimethylenesiloxane) (PDMS). An acoustic tweezer-based method was used to fabricate the bioinspired composite structures, where surface acoustic waves at specific frequencies and amplitudes are applied to align the microparticles as islands in the polymer matrix. An oxygen plasma etching step was applied to expose the microparticles on the PDMS surface. The average water harvesting efficiencies for structures made with 120 and 80 kHz acoustic frequencies and 1 hour etching time were found to be 9.41 and 8.84 g cm-2 h-1, respectively. The acoustically patterned biomimetic composite surface showed higher water harvesting efficiency compared with completely hydrophobic PDMS and hydrophilic aluminum surfaces, demonstrating the advantages of the bioinspired composite material design and acoustic-assisted manufacturing technique. The biomimetic fog water harvesting material is a promising avenue to fulfill the demand for a cost-effective, sustainable, and energy-efficient solution to safe drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahriar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yu Hui Lui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ketki Lichade
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Yayue Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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26
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Wang Z, Yuan HY, Cao Y, Yan P. Twisted Magnon Frequency Comb and Penrose Superradiance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:107203. [PMID: 36112451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantization effects of the nonlinear magnon-vortex interaction in ferromagnetic nanodisks are studied. We show that the circular geometry twists the spin-wave fields with spiral phase dislocations carrying quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM). Meanwhile, the confluence and splitting scattering of twisted magnons off the gyrating vortex core (VC) generates a frequency comb consisting of discrete and equally spaced spectral lines, dubbed as twisted magnon frequency comb (TMFC). It is found that the mode spacing of the TMFC is equal to the gyration frequency of the VC and the OAM quantum numbers between adjacent spectral lines differ by one. By applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of a thick nanodisk, we observe a magnonic Penrose superradiance inside the cone vortex state, which mimics the amplification of particles scattered from a rotating black hole. It is demonstrated that the higher-order modes of TMFC are significantly amplified while the lower-order ones are trapped within the VC gyrating orbit which manifests as the ergoregion. These results suggest a promising way to generate twisted magnons with large OAM and to drastically improve the flatness of the magnon comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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27
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Cox L, Croxford A, Drinkwater BW. Dynamic patterning of microparticles with acoustic impulse control. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14549. [PMID: 36008430 PMCID: PMC9411184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the use of impulse control of an acoustic field to create complex and precise particle patterns and then dynamically manipulate them. We first demonstrate that the motion of a particle in an acoustic field depends on the applied impulse and three distinct regimes can be identified. The high impulse regime is the well established mode where particles travel to the force minima of an applied continuous acoustic field. In contrast acoustic field switching in the low impulse regime results in a force field experienced by the particle equal to the time weighted average of the constituent force fields. We demonstrate via simulation and experiment that operating in the low impulse regime facilitates an intuitive and modular route to forming complex patterns of particles. The intermediate impulse regime is shown to enable more localised manipulation of particles. In addition to patterning, we demonstrate a set of impulse control tools to clear away undesired particles to further increase the contrast of the pattern against background. We combine these tools to create high contrast patterns as well as moving and re-configuring them. These techniques have applications in areas such as tissue engineering where they will enable complex, high fidelity cell patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Cox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK.
| | - Anthony Croxford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Bruce W Drinkwater
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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28
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Xiao N, Xie C, Courvoisier F, Hu M. Caustics of the axially symmetric vortex beams: analysis and engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29507-29517. [PMID: 36299124 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that our theoretical scheme developed in the previous study on the caustics of the abruptly autofocusing vortex beams [Xiao et al., Opt. Express29, 19975 (2021)10.1364/OE.430497] is universal for all the axially symmetric vortex beams. Further analyses based on this method show the complex compositions of the vortex caustics in real space. Fine features of the global caustics are well reproduced, including their deviations from the trajectories of the host beams. Besides, we also show the possibility of tailoring the vortex caustics in paraxial optics based on our theory. The excellent agreements of our theoretical results with both numerical and experimental results confirm the validity of this scheme.
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29
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Chen W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Meng FC, Dudley JM, Lu YQ. Time diffraction-free transverse orbital angular momentum beams. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4021. [PMID: 35821372 PMCID: PMC9276663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of optical transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) has broadened our understanding of light and is expected to promote optics and other physics. However, some fundamental questions concerning the nature of such OAM remain, particularly whether they can survive from observed mode degradation and hold OAM values higher than 1. Here, we show that the strong degradation actually origins from inappropriate time-delayed kx-ω modulation, instead, for transverse OAM having inherent space-time coupling, immediate modulation is necessary. Thus, using immediate x-ω modulation, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally degradation-free spatiotemporal Bessel (STB) vortices with transverse OAM even beyond 102. Remarkably, we observe a time-symmetrical evolution, verifying pure time diffraction on transverse OAM beams. More importantly, we quantify such nontrivial evolution as an intrinsic dispersion factor, opening the door towards time diffraction-free STB vortices via dispersion engineering. Our results may find analogues in other physical systems, such as surface plasmon-polaritons, superfluids, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Wang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fan-Chao Meng
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté CNRS UMR 6174, Besançon, 25000, France
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - John M Dudley
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté CNRS UMR 6174, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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30
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Andersson C. Acoustic levitation of multi-wavelength spherical bodies using transducer arrays of non-specialized geometries. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:2999. [PMID: 35649903 DOI: 10.1121/10.0010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, acoustic levitation of a wavelength-sized spherical object using a general-purpose ultrasonic transducer array was demonstrated. In this article, the possibility of extending the capabilities of such arrays to levitate multi-wavelength-sized objects is explored. The driving signals for the elements in the array are determined via numerical optimization of a physics-based cost function that includes components for trap stabilization. The cost function is balanced with an improved approach, mimicking dynamical de-weighting of the included components to avoid over-optimization of each individual component. Sound fields are designed and analyzed for levitation of objects with diameters up to 50 mm for various general-purpose simulated array configurations. For a 16 × 16 element transducer array, simulations predict levitation of spheres with diameters up to 20 mm (2.3 wavelengths), which is verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Andersson
- Division of Applied Acoustics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Tang T, Huang L. Theoretical framework to predict the acoustophoresis of axisymmetric irregular objects above an ultrasound transducer array. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:055110. [PMID: 35706313 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.055110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic radiation force and torque arising from wave scattering are able to translate and rotate matter without contact. However, the existing research mainly focused on manipulating simple symmetrical geometries, neglecting the significance of geometric features. For the nonspherical geometries, the shape of the object strongly affects its scattering properties, and thus the radiation force and torque as well as the acoustophoretic process. Here, we develop an analytical framework to calculate the radiation force and torque exerted on the sound-hard or the sound-soft, axisymmetric particles excited by a user-customized transducer array based on a conformal transformation approach, capturing the significance of the geometric features. The derivation framework is established under the computation coordinate system (CCS), whereas the particle is assumed to be static. For the dynamic processes, the rotation of particle is converted as the opposite rotation of transducer array, achieved by employing a rotation transformation to tune the incident driving field in the CCS. Later, the obtained radiation force and torque in the CCS should be transformed back to the observation coordinate system for force and torque analysis. The radiation force and torque exerted on particles with different orientations are validated by comparing the full three-dimensional numerical solution in different phase distributions. It is found that the proposed method presents superior computational accuracy, high geometric adaptivity, and good robustness to various geometric features, while the computational efficiency is more than 100 times higher than that of the full numerical method. Furthermore, it is found that the dynamic trajectories of particles with different geometric features are completely different, indicating that the geometric features can be a potential degree of freedom to tune acoustophoretic process. The ability to predict the acoustophoretic process of nonspherical particles above a user-customized transducer array has improved our understanding of the effect of shape asymmetry, which can also be used to verify the effectiveness of acoustic tweezers in manipulating nonspherical objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianquan Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- and Lab for Aerodynamics and Acoustics, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, 1623 Dayuan Road, Lin An District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- and Lab for Aerodynamics and Acoustics, HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, 1623 Dayuan Road, Lin An District, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Yang S, Tian Z, Wang Z, Rufo J, Li P, Mai J, Xia J, Bachman H, Huang PH, Wu M, Chen C, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Harmonic acoustics for dynamic and selective particle manipulation. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:540-546. [PMID: 35332292 PMCID: PMC9200603 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise and selective manipulation of colloids and biological cells has long been motivated by applications in materials science, physics and the life sciences. Here we introduce our harmonic acoustics for a non-contact, dynamic, selective (HANDS) particle manipulation platform, which enables the reversible assembly of colloidal crystals or cells via the modulation of acoustic trapping positions with subwavelength resolution. We compose Fourier-synthesized harmonic waves to create soft acoustic lattices and colloidal crystals without using surface treatment or modifying their material properties. We have achieved active control of the lattice constant to dynamically modulate the interparticle distance in a high-throughput (>100 pairs), precise, selective and reversible manner. Furthermore, we apply this HANDS platform to quantify the intercellular adhesion forces among various cancer cell lines. Our biocompatible HANDS platform provides a highly versatile particle manipulation method that can handle soft matter and measure the interaction forces between living cells with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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33
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Liu T, An S, Gu Z, Liang S, Gao H, Ma G, Zhu J. Chirality-switchable acoustic vortex emission via non-Hermitian selective excitation at an exceptional point. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1131-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Rothlisberger M, Schuck M, Kolar JW. Kilohertz-Frequency Rotation of Acoustically Levitated Particles. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1528-1534. [PMID: 35120003 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3149131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The achievable rotational frequency of acoustically levitated particles is limited by the suspension stability and the achievable driving torque. In this work, a spherical ring arrangement of piezoelectric transducers and an improved excitation concept are presented to increase the rotational speed of an acoustically levitated particle by more than a factor of 10 compared to previously published results. A maximum rotational frequency of 3.6 kHz using asymmetric expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles is demonstrated. At such rotational speeds, high-frequency resonances of the transducers cause disturbances of the acoustic field which present a previously unexplored limit to the achievable manipulation rate of the particle. This limit is investigated in this work by means of calculations based on an analytical model and high precision measurements of the transducer characteristics beyond the conventional frequency range.
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35
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Rothlisberger M, Schmidli G, Schuck M, Kolar JW. Multi-Frequency Acoustic Levitation and Trapping of Particles in All Degrees of Freedom. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1572-1575. [PMID: 35130156 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3149302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of the position and orientation of non-spherical, sub-wavelength particles in mid-air is required for using acoustic levitation forces in applications such as automation of micro manufacturing processes, 3-D scanning, and inspection. Acoustic locking has previously been demonstrated by time-multiplexing of different acoustic traps at the same frequency. In this case, the magnitude of the acoustic levitation forces and the stabilizing torque are coupled by the ratio of the durations during which the different traps are applied and cannot be adjusted independently assuming operation at maximum power. This work presents a compact device that uses a method for independently adjusting the vertical trapping forces and the stabilizing torque using two different ultrasonic frequencies. A 40-kHz vertical standing wave is used to generate levitation forces that counteract the gravitational force. Additionally, a 25-kHz horizontal standing wave is used to generate a tunable stabilizing torque. Using this method, objects made from high-density materials across a wide range of geometries can be locked acoustically with increased stability compared with state-of-the-art methods. This is demonstrated by locking tin cuboids with a density of 7.3 g/cm3 and plastic cuboids with average side lengths between 0.9 and 3.5 mm. The experimental results demonstrate torsional spring constants of up to 50 nN · m/rad and an orientation stability of <7.5°.
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36
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Wang Y, Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Weng W. Programmable motion control and trajectory manipulation of microparticles through tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1149-1161. [PMID: 35134105 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) have the potential for contactless trajectory manipulation and motion-parameter regulation of microparticles in biological and microfluidic applications. Here, we present a novel design of a tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers device that enables the precise manipulation of linear, clockwise, and anticlockwise trajectories of microparticles. By switching the excitation combinations of interdigital electrodes (IDTs), various shape patterns of acoustic pressure fields can be formed to capture and steer microparticles accurately according to pre-defined trajectories. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were conducted in this study. By adjusting the input electric signals and the fluid's viscosity, the device is able to manipulate microparticles of various forms as well as brine shrimp egg cells with the accurate modulation of motion parameters. The results show that the proposed programmable design possesses low-cost, compact, non-contact, and high biocompatibility benefits, with the capacity to accurately manage microparticles in a range of motion trajectories, independent of their physical and/or chemical characteristics. Thus, our design has strong potential applications in chemical composition analysis, drug delivery, and cell assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hemin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wanyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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37
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Mohanty S, Fidder RJ, Matos PM, Heunis CM, Kaya M, Blanken N, Misra S. SonoTweezer: An Acoustically Powered End-Effector for Underwater Micromanipulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:988-997. [PMID: 34990355 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3140745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in contactless micromanipulation strategies have revolutionized prospects of robotic manipulators as next-generation tools for minimally invasive surgeries. In particular, acoustically powered phased arrays offer dexterous means of manipulation both in air and water. Inspired by these phased arrays, we present SonoTweezer: a compact, low-power, and lightweight array of immersible ultrasonic transducers capable of trapping and manipulation of sub-mm sized agents underwater. Based on a parametric investigation with numerical pressure field simulations, we design and create a six-transducer configuration, which is small compared to other reported multi-transducer arrays (16-256 elements). Despite the small size of array, SonoTweezer can reach pressure magnitudes of 300 kPa at a low supply voltage of 25 V to the transducers, which is in the same order of absolute pressure as multi-transducer arrays. Subsequently, we exploit the compactness of our array as an end-effector tool for a robotic manipulator to demonstrate long-range actuation of sub-millimeter agents over a hundred times the agent's body length. Furthermore, a phase-modulation over its individual transducers allows our array to locally maneuver its target agents at sub-mm steps. The ability to manipulate agents underwater makes SonoTweezer suitable for clinical applications considering water's similarity to biological media, e.g., vitreous humor and blood plasma. Finally, we show trapping and manipulation of micro-agents under medical ultrasound (US) imaging modality. This application of our actuation strategy combines the usage of US waves for both imaging and micromanipulation.
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38
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Aono K, Aoyagi M. Rapid rise of planar object by near-field acoustic levitation on recessed acoustic radiation surface. ULTRASONICS 2022; 119:106596. [PMID: 34624582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) can be observed for a planar object placed on the vibrating surface of a longitudinal vibrator. However, for a vibrating surface with a recess, not only NFAL was observed, but also jumping behavior with a snapping sound. This phenomenon was examined analytically and experimentally with bolt-clamped Langevin transducers and a duralumin vibratory horn. Jumping occurred when the minimum value of the acoustic radiation force was larger than the weight of the object. The snapping sound during jumping was generated by the sound pressure that was focused at the center of the bottom surface of the object when the acoustic radiation force peaked due to acoustic resonance in the recessed space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Aono
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoyagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan.
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39
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Lin FS, Yang PW, Hsieh CC, Su HY, Chen LX, Li CY, Huang CH. Investigation of a Novel Acoustic Levitation Technique Using the Transition Period Between Acoustic Pulse Trains and Electrical Driving Signals. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:769-778. [PMID: 34714744 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3124278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic levitation is considered one of the most effective noncontact particle manipulation methods, along with aerodynamic, ferromagnetic, and optical levitation techniques. It is not restricted by the material properties of the target. However, existing acoustic levitation techniques have some drawbacks that limit their potential applications. Therefore, in this article, an innovative approach is proposed to manipulate objects more intuitively and freely. By taking advantage of the transition periods between the acoustic pulse trains and electrical driving signals, acoustic traps can be created by switching the acoustic focal spots rapidly. Since the high-energy-density points are not formed simultaneously, the computation of the acoustic field distribution with complicated mutual interference can be eliminated. Therefore, compared to the existing approaches that created acoustic traps by solving pressure distributions using iterative methods, the proposed method simplifies the computation of time delay and makes it possible to be solved even with a microcontroller. In this work, three experiments have been demonstrated successfully to prove the capability of the proposed method including lifting a Styrofoam sphere, transportation of a single target, and suspending two objects. Besides, simulations of the distributions of acoustic pressure, radiation force, and Gor'kov potential were conducted to confirm the presence of acoustic traps in the scenarios of lifting one and two objects. The proposed tactic should be considered effective since the results of the practical experiments and simulations support each other.
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40
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Liang D, Hu G, Ding N, Ma Q, Guo G, Li Y, Tu J, Zhang D. Quasi-Bessel Acoustic-Vortex Beams Constructed by the Line-Focused Phase Modulation for a Ring Array of Sectorial Planar Transducers. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:377-385. [PMID: 34648441 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3120285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic Bessel beams are commonly used as ideal sources to study the characteristics for acoustic-vortex (AV) beams, exhibiting prosperous perspectives in contactless object manipulations and acoustic communications. However, accurate Bessel beams are difficult to construct using 2-D arrays in practical applications. By integrating active phase control and passive phase modulation to a ring array of sectorial planar transducers, quasi-Bessel AV (QB-AV) beams of arbitrary order are built by the line focus of AV fields in the current study. Based on Snell's refraction law, a circular sawtooth lens of phase modulation is designed to converge incident waves toward the beam axis at the same deflection angle. QB-AV beams constructed by the main lobes of the sectorial sources are demonstrated by theoretical derivations, numerical simulations, and quality evaluations, while those created by the sidelobes are neglected to avoid the pressure fluctuations in the near field. Experimental measurements for AV beams of different orders coincide basically with the simulations, demonstrating that line-focused QB-AV beams can be generated along the beam axis across the pressure peak. With the increase of the topological charge, the peak pressure of the beam decreases accordingly with a reduced effective axial range. The favorable results prove that, as a special kind of diffraction sources, the adjustable QB-AV beams may enable more important biomedical applications where Bessel beams are necessary, especially for the line-focused manipulation of biological and drug particles.
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41
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Hu Q, Ma T, Zhang Q, Wang J, Yang Y, Cai F, Zheng H. 3-D Acoustic Tweezers Using a 2-D Matrix Array With Time-Multiplexed Traps. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:3646-3653. [PMID: 34280096 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3098191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of acoustic tweezers for precise manipulation of microparticles in the aqueous environment is essential and challenging for biomechanical applications in vivo. A 3-D acoustic tweezer is developed in this study for 3-D manipulation by using a two-dimensional (2-D) phased array consisting of 256 elements operating at 1.04 MHz. The emission phases of each element are iteratively determined by a backpropagation algorithm to generate multiple acoustic traps. Different traps are multiplexed in time, thus forming synthesized acoustic fields. We demonstrate the 3-D levitation and translation of positive acoustic contrast particles, a major class of bioparticles, in water by different acoustic traps, and compare the positional deviation along the intended path via experimentally measured trajectories. Improved manipulating stability was achieved by multiplexed acoustic traps. The 3-D acoustic tweezers proposed in this study provide a versatile approach of contactless bioparticle trapping and translation, paving the way toward future application of nanodroplet and microbubble manipulations.
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42
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Wang F, Yang P, Tao X, Shi Y, Li S, Liu Z, Chen X, Wang ZL. Study of Contact Electrification at Liquid-Gas Interface. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18206-18213. [PMID: 34677929 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the suspended liquid droplets in clouds can generate electrostatic charges, which finally results in the lightning. However, the detailed mechanism related to the contact-electrification process on the liquid-gas (L-G) interfaces is still poorly understood. Here, by introducing an acoustic levitation method for levitating a liquid droplet, we have studied the electrification mechanism at the L-G interface. The tribo-motion between water droplets and air induced by the ultrasound wave leads to the generation of positive charges on the surface of the droplets, and the charge amount of water droplets (20 μL) gradually reaches saturation within 30 s. The mixed solid particles in droplets can increase the amount of transferred charge, whereas the increase of ion concentration in the droplet can suppress the charge generation. This charge transfer phenomenon at L-G interfaces and the related analysis can be a guidance for the study in many fields, including anti-static, harvesting rainy energy, micro/nano fluidics, triboelectric power generator, surface engineering, and so on. Moreover, the surface charge generation due to L-G electrification is an inevitable effect during ultrasonic levitation, and thus, this study can also work for the applications of the ultrasonic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinglin Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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43
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Non-Hermitian physics for optical manipulation uncovers inherent instability of large clusters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6597. [PMID: 34782596 PMCID: PMC8593170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense light traps and binds small particles, offering unique control to the microscopic world. With incoming illumination and radiative losses, optical forces are inherently nonconservative, thus non-Hermitian. Contrary to conventional systems, the operator governing time evolution is real and asymmetric (i.e., non-Hermitian), which inevitably yield complex eigenvalues when driven beyond the exceptional points, where light pumps in energy that eventually "melts" the light-bound structures. Surprisingly, unstable complex eigenvalues are prevalent for clusters with ~10 or more particles, and in the many-particle limit, their presence is inevitable. As such, optical forces alone fail to bind a large cluster. Our conclusion does not contradict with the observation of large optically-bound cluster in a fluid, where the ambient damping can take away the excess energy and restore the stability. The non-Hermitian theory overturns the understanding of optical trapping and binding, and unveils the critical role played by non-Hermiticity and exceptional points, paving the way for large-scale manipulation.
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44
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Suzuki S, Inoue S, Fujiwara M, Makino Y, Shinoda H. AUTD3: Scalable Airborne Ultrasound Tactile Display. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2021; 14:740-749. [PMID: 33788691 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2021.3069976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Through nonlinear effects, airborne ultrasound phased arrays enable mid-air tactile presentations, as well as auditory presentation and acoustic levitation. To create workplaces flexibly, we have developed a scalable phased array system in which multiple modules can be connected via Ethernet cables and controlled from a PC or other host device. Each module has 249 transducers and the software used can individually specify the phase and amplitude of each of the connected transducers. Using EtherCAT for communication, the system achieves high accuracy synchronization among the connected modules. In this article, we describe the details of the hardware and software architecture of the developed system and evaluate it. We experimentally confirmed the synchronization of 20 modules within an accuracy of 0.1 μs and the phase and amplitude can be specified at 8 bits resolution. In addition, using nine modules, we confirmed that we could make a focal point of the size consistent with the theory at 500 mm above the array surface.
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45
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Kolesnik K, Xu M, Lee PVS, Rajagopal V, Collins DJ. Unconventional acoustic approaches for localized and designed micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2837-2856. [PMID: 34268539 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic fields are ideal for micromanipulation, being biocompatible and with force gradients approaching the scale of single cells. They have accordingly found use in a variety of microfluidic devices, including for microscale patterning, separation, and mixing. The bulk of work in acoustofluidics has been predicated on the formation of standing waves that form periodic nodal positions along which suspended particles and cells are aligned. An evolving range of applications, however, requires more targeted micromanipulation to create unique patterns and effects. To this end, recent work has made important advances in improving the flexibility with which acoustic fields can be applied, impressively demonstrating generating arbitrary arrangements of pressure fields, spatially localizing acoustic fields and selectively translating individual particles in ways that are not achievable via traditional approaches. In this critical review we categorize and examine these advances, each of which open the door to a wide range of applications in which single-cell fidelity and flexible micromanipulation are advantageous, including for tissue engineering, diagnostic devices, high-throughput sorting and microfabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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46
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Lu X, Twiefel J, Ma Z, Yu T, Wallaschek J, Fischer P. Dynamic Acoustic Levitator Based On Subwavelength Aperture Control. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100888. [PMID: 34105900 PMCID: PMC8336493 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic levitation provides a means to achieve contactless manipulation of fragile materials and biological samples. Most acoustic levitators rely on complex electronic hardware and software to shape the acoustic field and realize their dynamic operation. Here, the authors introduce a dynamic acoustic levitator that is based on mechanically controlling the opening and (partial) closing of subwavelength apertures. This simple approach relies on the use of a single ultrasonic transducer and is shown to permit the facile and reliable manipulation of a variety targets ranging from solid particles, to fluid and ferrofluidic drops. Experimental observations agree well with numerical simulations of the Gor'kov potential. Remarkably, this system even enables the generation of time-varying potentials and induces oscillatory and rotational motion in the levitated objects via a feedback mechanism between the trapped object and the trapping potential. This is shown to result in long distance translation, in-situ rotation and self-modulated oscillation of the trapped particles. In addition, dense ferrofluidic droplets are levitated and transformed inside the levitator. Controlling subwavelength apertures opens the possibility to realize simple powerful levitators that nevertheless allow for the versatile dynamic manipulation of levitated matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstr. 3Stuttgart70569Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjingJiangsu210016China
| | - Jens Twiefel
- Institute of Dynamics and Vibration ResearchLeibniz Universität HannoverAn der Universität 1Garbsen30823Germany
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstr. 3Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Tingting Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstr. 3Stuttgart70569Germany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 55Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Jörg Wallaschek
- Institute of Dynamics and Vibration ResearchLeibniz Universität HannoverAn der Universität 1Garbsen30823Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsHeisenbergstr. 3Stuttgart70569Germany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 55Stuttgart70569Germany
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47
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Bliokh KY. Spatiotemporal Vortex Pulses: Angular Momenta and Spin-Orbit Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:243601. [PMID: 34213941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, spatiotemporal optical vortex pulses carrying a purely transverse intrinsic orbital angular momentum were generated experimentally [Optica 6, 1547 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.001547; Nat. Photonics 14, 350 (2020)NPAHBY1749-488510.1038/s41566-020-0587-z]. However, an accurate theoretical analysis of such states and their angular-momentum properties remains elusive. Here, we provide such analysis, including scalar and vector spatiotemporal Bessel-type solutions as well as description of their propagational, polarization, and angular-momentum properties. Most importantly, we calculate both local densities and integral values of the spin and orbital angular momenta, and predict observable spin-orbit interaction phenomena related to the coupling between the transverse spin and orbital angular momentum. Our analysis is readily extended to spatiotemporal vortex pulses of other natures (e.g., acoustic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Y Bliokh
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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48
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Fushimi T, Yamamoto K, Ochiai Y. Acoustic hologram optimisation using automatic differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12678. [PMID: 34135364 PMCID: PMC8209099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic holograms are the keystone of modern acoustics. They encode three-dimensional acoustic fields in two dimensions, and their quality determines the performance of acoustic systems. Optimisation methods that control only the phase of an acoustic wave are considered inferior to methods that control both the amplitude and phase of the wave. In this paper, we present Diff-PAT, an acoustic hologram optimisation platform with automatic differentiation. We show that in the most fundamental case of optimizing the output amplitude to match the target amplitude; our method with only phase modulation achieves better performance than conventional algorithm with both amplitude and phase modulation. The performance of Diff-PAT was evaluated by randomly generating 1000 sets of up to 32 control points for single-sided arrays and single-axis arrays. This optimisation platform for acoustic hologram can be used in a wide range of applications of PATs without introducing any changes to existing systems that control the PATs. In addition, we applied Diff-PAT to a phase plate and achieved an increase of > 8 dB in the peak noise-to-signal ratio of the acoustic hologram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Fushimi
- R&D Center for Digital Nature, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan. .,Faculty of Library, Information and Media Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- R&D Center for Digital Nature, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan.,Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ochiai
- R&D Center for Digital Nature, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan.,Faculty of Library, Information and Media Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550, Japan.,Pixie Dust Technologies, Inc, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
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49
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Cai H, Ao Z, Wu Z, Song S, Mackie K, Guo F. Intelligent acoustofluidics enabled mini-bioreactors for human brain organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2194-2205. [PMID: 33955446 PMCID: PMC8243411 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics, by combining acoustics and microfluidics, provides a unique means to manipulate cells and liquids for broad applications in biomedical sciences and translational medicine. However, it is challenging to standardize and maintain excellent performance of current acoustofluidic devices and systems due to a multiplicity of factors including device-to-device variation, manual operation, environmental factors, sample variability, etc. Herein, to address these challenges, we propose "intelligent acoustofluidics" - an automated system that involves acoustofluidic device design, sensor fusion, and intelligent controller integration. As a proof-of-concept, we developed intelligent acoustofluidics based mini-bioreactors for human brain organoid culture. Our mini-bioreactors consist of three components: (1) rotors for contact-free rotation via an acoustic spiral phase vortex approach, (2) a camera for real-time tracking of rotational actions, and (3) a reinforcement learning-based controller for closed-loop regulation of rotational manipulation. After training the reinforcement learning-based controller in simulation and experimental environments, our mini-bioreactors can achieve the automated rotation of rotors in well-plates. Importantly, our mini-bioreactors can enable excellent control over rotational mode, direction, and speed of rotors, regardless of fluctuations of rotor weight, liquid volume, and operating temperature. Moreover, we demonstrated our mini-bioreactors can stably maintain the rotational speed of organoids during long-term culture, and enhance neural differentiation and uniformity of organoids. Comparing with current acoustofluidics, our intelligent system has a superior performance in terms of automation, robustness, and accuracy, highlighting the potential of novel intelligent systems in microfluidic experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Sunghwa Song
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, and, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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50
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Spiral sound-diffusing metasurfaces based on holographic vortices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10217. [PMID: 33986336 PMCID: PMC8119454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we show that scattered acoustic vortices generated by metasurfaces with chiral symmetry present broadband unusual properties in the far-field. These metasurfaces are designed to encode the holographic field of an acoustical vortex, resulting in structures with spiral geometry. In the near field, phase dislocations with tuned topological charge emerge when the scattered waves interference destructively along the axis of the spiral metasurface. In the far field, metasurfaces based on holographic vortices inhibit specular reflections because all scattered waves also interfere destructively in the normal direction. In addition, the scattering function in the far field is unusually uniform because the reflected waves diverge spherically from the holographic focal point. In this way, by triggering vorticity, energy can be evenly reflected in all directions except to the normal. As a consequence, the designed metasurface presents a mean correlation-scattering coefficient of 0.99 (0.98 in experiments) and a mean normalized diffusion coefficient of 0.73 (0.76 in experiments) over a 4 octave frequency band. The singular features of the resulting metasurfaces with chiral geometry allow the simultaneous generation of broadband, diffuse and non-specular scattering. These three exceptional features make spiral metasurfaces extraordinary candidates for controlling acoustic scattering and generating diffuse sound reflections in several applications and branches of wave physics as underwater acoustics, biomedical ultrasound, particle manipulation devices or room acoustics.
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