1
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Jamali R, Generosi A, Villafan JY, Mengoni M, Pelagalli L, Battista G, Martarelli M, Chiariotti P, Mansi SA, Arnesano M, Castellini P. Facial Expression Recognition for Measuring Jurors' Attention in Acoustic Jury Tests. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2298. [PMID: 38610510 PMCID: PMC11014261 DOI: 10.3390/s24072298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The perception of sound greatly impacts users' emotional states, expectations, affective relationships with products, and purchase decisions. Consequently, assessing the perceived quality of sounds through jury testing is crucial in product design. However, the subjective nature of jurors' responses may limit the accuracy and reliability of jury test outcomes. This research explores the utility of facial expression analysis in jury testing to enhance response reliability and mitigate subjectivity. Some quantitative indicators allow the research hypothesis to be validated, such as the correlation between jurors' emotional responses and valence values, the accuracy of jury tests, and the disparities between jurors' questionnaire responses and the emotions measured by FER (facial expression recognition). Specifically, analysis of attention levels during different statuses reveals a discernible decrease in attention levels, with 70 percent of jurors exhibiting reduced attention levels in the 'distracted' state and 62 percent in the 'heavy-eyed' state. On the other hand, regression analysis shows that the correlation between jurors' valence and their choices in the jury test increases when considering the data where the jurors are attentive. The correlation highlights the potential of facial expression analysis as a reliable tool for assessing juror engagement. The findings suggest that integrating facial expression recognition can enhance the accuracy of jury testing in product design by providing a more dependable assessment of user responses and deeper insights into participants' reactions to auditory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jamali
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Andrea Generosi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Josè Yuri Villafan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Maura Mengoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Leonardo Pelagalli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Gianmarco Battista
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Chiariotti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Privata Giuseppe La Masa, 1, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Silvia Angela Mansi
- Università Telematica eCampus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy; (S.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Marco Arnesano
- Università Telematica eCampus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy; (S.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (R.J.); (J.Y.V.); (M.M.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
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2
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Giulietti N, Discepolo S, Castellini P, Martarelli M. Neural network based hyperspectral imaging for substrate independent bloodstain age estimation. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 349:111742. [PMID: 37331047 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Being able to determine the age of a bloodstain can be a key element in a crime scene investigation. Many techniques exploit reflectance spectroscopy because it is very versatile and can be used in the field with ease. However, there are no methods for estimating bloodstain age with adequate uncertainty, and the problem of substrate influence is not yet fully resolved. We develop a hyperspectral imaging based technique for the substrate-independent age estimation of a bloodstain. Once the hyperspectral image is acquired, a neural network model recognizes the pixels belonging to the bloodstain. The reflectance spectra belonging to the bloodstain are then processed by an artificial intelligence model that removes the effect of the substrate on the bloodstain and then estimates its age. The method is trained on bloodstains deposited on 9 different substrates over a time period of 0-385 h obtaining an absolute mean error of 6.9 h over the period considered. Within two days of age, the method achieves a mean absolute error of 1.1 h. The method is finally tested on a new material (i.e., red cardboard) never used to test or validate the neural network models. Also in this case the bloodstain age is identified with the same accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giulietti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, Milan 60131, Italy.
| | - Silvia Discepolo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Universit'a Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 20156, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Universit'a Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 20156, Italy
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Universit'a Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 20156, Italy
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3
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Castagna R, Riminesi C, Pianesi MS, Sabbatini S, Di Donato A, Singh G, Francescangeli O, Cantisani E, Castellini P, Lucchetta DE. Development of a Quartz-Based Photo-Mobile Polymer Film for Controlled Motion Triggered by Light or Heat. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3046. [PMID: 37109883 PMCID: PMC10147076 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a photo-mobile polymer film, that combines organic and inorganic materials, to allow for controlled motion that can be triggered by light or heat. Our film is made using recycled quartz and consists of two layers: a multi-acrylate polymer layer and a layer containing oxidized 4-amino-phenol and N-Vinyl-1-Pyrrolidinone. The use of quartz in our film also gives it a high temperature resistance of at least 350 °C. When exposed to heat, the film moves in a direction that is independent of the heat source, due to its asymmetrical design. Once the heat source is removed, the film returns to its original position. ATR-FTIR measurements confirm this asymmetrical configuration. This technology may have potential applications in energy harvesting, due to the piezoelectric properties of quartz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Castagna
- URT-CNR@UNICAM, Photonic Materials Laboratory, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Ex-Carmelitane, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cristiano Riminesi
- URT-CNR@UNICAM, Photonic Materials Laboratory, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Ex-Carmelitane, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | | | - Simona Sabbatini
- Dip. SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Donato
- Dip. DII, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Gautam Singh
- Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dip. SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Emma Cantisani
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Dip. DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Daniele Eugenio Lucchetta
- Dip. SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
- Optoacoustic Lab, Dip. SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
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4
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Giulietti N, Caputo A, Chiariotti P, Castellini P. SwimmerNET: Underwater 2D Swimmer Pose Estimation Exploiting Fully Convolutional Neural Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2364. [PMID: 36850962 PMCID: PMC9966167 DOI: 10.3390/s23042364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Professional swimming coaches make use of videos to evaluate their athletes' performances. Specifically, the videos are manually analyzed in order to observe the movements of all parts of the swimmer's body during the exercise and to give indications for improving swimming technique. This operation is time-consuming, laborious and error prone. In recent years, alternative technologies have been introduced in the literature, but they still have severe limitations that make their correct and effective use impossible. In fact, the currently available techniques based on image analysis only apply to certain swimming styles; moreover, they are strongly influenced by disturbing elements (i.e., the presence of bubbles, splashes and reflections), resulting in poor measurement accuracy. The use of wearable sensors (accelerometers or photoplethysmographic sensors) or optical markers, although they can guarantee high reliability and accuracy, disturb the performance of the athletes, who tend to dislike these solutions. In this work we introduce swimmerNET, a new marker-less 2D swimmer pose estimation approach based on the combined use of computer vision algorithms and fully convolutional neural networks. By using a single 8 Mpixel wide-angle camera, the proposed system is able to estimate the pose of a swimmer during exercise while guaranteeing adequate measurement accuracy. The method has been successfully tested on several athletes (i.e., different physical characteristics and different swimming technique), obtaining an average error and a standard deviation (worst case scenario for the dataset analyzed) of approximately 1 mm and 10 mm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giulietti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Caputo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiariotti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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5
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Contardo P, Sernani P, Tomassini S, Falcionelli N, Martarelli M, Castellini P, Dragoni AF. FRMDB: Face Recognition Using Multiple Points of View. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1939. [PMID: 36850537 PMCID: PMC9965602 DOI: 10.3390/s23041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although face recognition technology is currently integrated into industrial applications, it has open challenges, such as verification and identification from arbitrary poses. Specifically, there is a lack of research about face recognition in surveillance videos using, as reference images, mugshots taken from multiple Points of View (POVs) in addition to the frontal picture and the right profile traditionally collected by national police forces. To start filling this gap and tackling the scarcity of databases devoted to the study of this problem, we present the Face Recognition from Mugshots Database (FRMDB). It includes 28 mugshots and 5 surveillance videos taken from different angles for 39 distinct subjects. The FRMDB is intended to analyze the impact of using mugshots taken from multiple points of view on face recognition on the frames of the surveillance videos. To validate the FRMDB and provide a first benchmark on it, we ran accuracy tests using two CNNs, namely VGG16 and ResNet50, pre-trained on the VGGFace and VGGFace2 datasets for the extraction of face image features. We compared the results to those obtained from a dataset from the related literature, the Surveillance Cameras Face Database (SCFace). In addition to showing the features of the proposed database, the results highlight that the subset of mugshots composed of the frontal picture and the right profile scores the lowest accuracy result among those tested. Therefore, additional research is suggested to understand the ideal number of mugshots for face recognition on frames from surveillance videos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Contardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Gabinetto Interregionale di Polizia Scientifica per le Marche e l’Abruzzo, Via Gervasoni 19, 60129 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Sernani
- Department of Law, University of Macerata, Piaggia dell’Università 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Selene Tomassini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Falcionelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Aldo Franco Dragoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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6
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Lucchetta DE, Castellini P, Martarelli M, Scalise L, Pandarese G, Riminesi C, Singh G, Di Donato A, Francescangeli O, Castagna R. Light-Controlled Rotational Speed of an Acoustically Levitating Photomobile Polymer Film. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16020553. [PMID: 36676299 PMCID: PMC9860897 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the light-induced changes of the rotational speed of a thin photomobile film using a single-axis acoustic levitator operating at 40 kHz. In our experiments, a 50 μm thick photomobile polymer film (PMP) is placed in one of the nodes of a stationary acoustic field. Under the action of the field, the film remains suspended in air. By externally perturbing this stable equilibrium condition, the film begins to rotate with its natural frequency. The rotations are detected in real time by monitoring the light of a low power He-Ne laser impinging on and reflected by the film itself. During the rotational motion, an external laser source is used to illuminate the PMP film; as a consequence, the film bends and the rotational speed changes by about 20 Hz. This kind of contactless long-distance interaction is an ideal platform for the development and study of many electro-optics devices in microgravity and low-friction conditions. In particular, we believe that this technology could find applications in research fields such as 3D dynamic displays and aerospace applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Eugenio Lucchetta
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Optoacoustic Lab, Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.E.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scalise
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pandarese
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristiano Riminesi
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gautam Singh
- Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andrea Di Donato
- Dipartimento DII, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagna
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- URT-CNR@UNICAM, Photonic Materials Laboratory, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Polo di Chimica, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.E.L.); (R.C.)
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7
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Lucchetta DE, Schiaroli L, Battista G, Martarelli M, Castellini P. Experimental acoustic modal analysis of a tenor saxophone. J Acoust Soc Am 2022; 152:2629. [PMID: 36456273 DOI: 10.1121/10.0015052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an application of the Experimental Acoustic Modal Analysis (AMA) on a vintage 10 M Conn tenor saxophone. This technique originates from the traditional Modal Analysis which is commonly adopted to determine the dynamic behaviour of solid structures. The methodology is based on the measurement of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) as a ratio of the acoustic pressure, measured by means of a set of microphones positioned along the saxophone body, and the volume velocity produced by an acoustic source and measured at the instrument input. The microphones are housed on the stripped saxophone keys by means of tailored three-dimensional printed adapters. The AMA makes use of the FRFs to extract modal parameters, such as resonance frequencies, loss factors, and mode shapes. These parameters pertain to the cavity modes of the saxophone passive resonator. The analysis has been performed for three different notes (B ♭, B, and C) and for two registers of the instrument in order to show the potential of the technique. Moreover, the influence of the mouthpiece volume on the cavity modes has been shown. The information obtained by AMA can find useful application in the validation of analytical or numerical models of this kind of musical instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Lucchetta
- Optoacoustic Lab Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - L Schiaroli
- Optoacoustic Lab Dipartimento SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - G Battista
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Martarelli
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - P Castellini
- Dipartimento DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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8
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Giulietti N, Discepolo S, Castellini P, Martarelli M. Correction of Substrate Spectral Distortion in Hyper-Spectral Imaging by Neural Network for Blood Stain Characterization. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7311. [PMID: 36236410 PMCID: PMC9570875 DOI: 10.3390/s22197311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, hyper-spectral imaging has found widespread application in forensic science, performing both geometric characterization of biological traces and trace classification by exploiting their spectral emission. Methods proposed in the literature for blood stain analysis have been shown to be effectively limited to collaborative surfaces. This proves to be restrictive in real-case scenarios. The problem of the substrate material and color is then still an open issue for blood stain analysis. This paper presents a novel method for blood spectra correction when contaminated by the influence of the substrate, exploiting a neural network-based approach. Blood stains hyper-spectral images deposited on 12 different substrates for 12 days at regular intervals were acquired via a hyper-spectral camera. The data collected were used to train and test the developed neural network model. Starting from the spectra of a blood stain deposited in a generic substrate, the algorithm at first recognizes whether it is blood or not, then allows to obtain the spectra that the same blood stain, at the same time, would have on a reference white substrate with a mean absolute percentage error of 1.11%. Uncertainty analysis has also been performed by comparing the ground truth reflectance spectra with the predicted ones by the neural model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giulietti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Discepolo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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9
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Giulietti N, Allevi G, Castellini P, Garinei A, Martarelli M. Rivers' Water Level Assessment Using UAV Photogrammetry and RANSAC Method and the Analysis of Sensitivity to Uncertainty Sources. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22145319. [PMID: 35890999 PMCID: PMC9315810 DOI: 10.3390/s22145319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Water-level monitoring systems are fundamental for flood warnings, disaster risk assessment and the periodical analysis of the state of reservoirs. Many advantages can be obtained by performing such investigations without the need for field measurements. In this paper, a specific method for the evaluation of the water level was developed using photogrammetry that is derived from images that were recorded by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A dense point cloud was retrieved and the plane that better fits the river water surface was found by the use of the random sample consensus (RANSAC) method. A reference point of a known altitude within the image was then exploited in order to compute the distance between it and the fitted plane, in order to monitor the altitude of the free surface of the river. This paper further aims to perform a critical analysis of the sensitivity of these photogrammetric techniques for river water level determination, starting from the effects that are highlighted by the state of the art, such as random noise that is related to the image data quality, reflections and process parameters. In this work, the influences of the plane depth and number of iterations have been investigated, showing that in correspondence to the optimal plane depth (0.5 m) the error is not affected by the number of iterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giulietti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gloria Allevi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Alberto Garinei
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Idea-Re S.r.l., 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Milena Martarelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (M.M.)
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10
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Tessarolo F, Nollo G, Maniglio D, Rigoni M, Benedetti L, Helfer F, Corradi I, Rovati L, Ferrari A, Piccini M, Accorsi L, Veronesi E, Cuoghi A, Baglio S, Tuccitto N, Stefani S, Stracquadanio S, Caraci F, Terrasi A, Tricomi A, Musumeci M, Miraglia A, Cuttone G, Cosentino S, Muscas C, Vitali LA, Petrelli D, Angrisani L, Colicchio R, D’Anna A, Iavicoli I, De Falco G, Di Natale F, Di Maio E, Salvatore P, Quaglia F, Mingoia M, Castellini P, Chiariotti P, Simoni S, Montalto L, Baleani A, Paone N. Testing Surgical Face Masks in an Emergency Context: The Experience of Italian Laboratories during the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1462. [PMID: 33557403 PMCID: PMC7915703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a broader use of masks by both professionals and the general population. This resulted in a severe worldwide shortage of devices and the need to increase import and activate production of safe and effective surgical masks at the national level. In order to support the demand for testing surgical masks in the Italian context, Universities provided their contribution by setting up laboratories for testing mask performance before releasing products into the national market. This paper reports the effort of seven Italian university laboratories who set up facilities for testing face masks during the emergency period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Measurement set-ups were built, adapting the methods specified in the EN 14683:2019+AC. Data on differential pressure (DP) and bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of 120 masks, including different materials and designs, were collected over three months. More than 60% of the masks satisfied requirements for DP and BFE set by the standard. Masks made of nonwoven polypropylene with at least three layers (spunbonded-meltblown-spunbonded) showed the best results, ensuring both good breathability and high filtration efficiency. The majority of the masks created with alternative materials and designs did not comply with both standard requirements, resulting in suitability only as community masks. The effective partnering between universities and industries to meet a public need in an emergency context represented a fruitful example of the so-called university "third-mission".
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tessarolo
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Giandomenico Nollo
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Devid Maniglio
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Marta Rigoni
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Luca Benedetti
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Fabrizia Helfer
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivan Corradi
- LASS-TN-Covid-19 Laboratorio Associato per la Verifica di Dispositivi di Protezione, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento and Laboratorio di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (G.N.); (D.M.); (M.R.); (L.B.); (F.H.); (I.C.)
| | - Luigi Rovati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena—Italy and Science & Technology Park for Medicine, TPM, 41037 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (M.P.); (L.A.); (E.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena—Italy and Science & Technology Park for Medicine, TPM, 41037 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (M.P.); (L.A.); (E.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Mattia Piccini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena—Italy and Science & Technology Park for Medicine, TPM, 41037 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (M.P.); (L.A.); (E.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Accorsi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena—Italy and Science & Technology Park for Medicine, TPM, 41037 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (M.P.); (L.A.); (E.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena—Italy and Science & Technology Park for Medicine, TPM, 41037 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (M.P.); (L.A.); (E.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Aurora Cuoghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena—Italy and Science & Technology Park for Medicine, TPM, 41037 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (M.P.); (L.A.); (E.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Salvo Baglio
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Nunzio Tuccitto
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefania Stefani
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Stracquadanio
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonio Terrasi
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessia Tricomi
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Mario Musumeci
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud-Italia-Sicilia-Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Miraglia
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud-Italia-Sicilia-Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- AntiCovidLab, Torre Biologica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.B.); (N.T.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (F.C.); (A.T.); (A.T.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud-Italia-Sicilia-Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sofia Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Muscas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (S.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Luca Agostino Vitali
- UNICAM- U-TYM Lab Microbiologia—ex Dip. Biologia, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.A.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Dezemona Petrelli
- UNICAM- U-TYM Lab Microbiologia—ex Dip. Biologia, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.A.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Leopoldo Angrisani
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Andrea D’Anna
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Gianluigi De Falco
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Francesco Di Natale
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Presidio Tecnico/Scientifico di Ateneo per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80124 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.I.); (G.D.F.); (F.D.N.); (E.D.M.); (P.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Marina Mingoia
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Paolo Castellini
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Paolo Chiariotti
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Serena Simoni
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Luigi Montalto
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Alessia Baleani
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Paone
- LABC19 Centro di Ricerca e Servizio per l’Emergenza COVID-19, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (P.C.); (P.C.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.B.); (N.P.)
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Gabrielli L, Cantarini M, Castellini P, Squartini S. The Rhodes electric piano: Analysis and simulation of the inharmonic overtones. J Acoust Soc Am 2020; 148:3052. [PMID: 33261386 DOI: 10.1121/10.0002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Rhodes piano is an electromechanical keyboard instrument, released for the first time in 1946 and subsequently manufactured for at least four decades, reaching an iconic status and being now generally referred to as the electric piano. A few academic works discuss its operating principle and propose different physical modeling strategies; however, the inharmonic modes that characterize the attack transient have not been subject of a dedicated study before. This study addresses this topic by first observing the spectrum at the pickup output, applying a psychoacoustic model to assess perceptual relevance, and then conducts a series of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) experiments on the Rhodes asymmetric tuning fork. This study compares the modes of the Rhodes piano to those of its individual parts, allowing for the extraction of important information regarding role and natural modes. On the basis of this study, numerical experiments are conducted that show the intermodulation of the modes due to the magnetic pickup and allow the tones produced by the Rhodes from the collected data to be closely matched. Finally, this study is able to extract the distribution of the most important modes found on the whole keyboard range of a Rhodes piano, which can be useful for sound synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Cantarini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Squartini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Cappellari M, Saia V, Pracucci G, Sallustio F, Gandini R, Nappini S, Nencini P, Vallone S, Zini A, Bigliardi G, Granata F, Grillo F, Cioni S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Cerrato P, Saletti A, De Vito A, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Taglialatela F, Ruggiero M, Longoni M, Castellan L, Malfatto L, Menozzi R, Castellini P, Cosottini M, Mancuso M, Comai A, Franchini E, Lozupone E, Della Marca G, Ciceri EFM, Bonetti B, Zampieri P, Inzitari D, Mangiafico S, Toni D. Functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in stroke patients with unknown onset: Bridging therapy versus direct thrombectomy in unknown onset stroke patients with 10-point ASPECTS. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:209-219. [PMID: 32924246 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to assess functional and radiological outcomes after bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis plus mechanical thrombectomy) versus direct mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in unknown onset stroke patients. METHODS A cohort study was conducted on prospectively collected data from unknown onset stroke patients who received endovascular procedures at ≤6 h from symptom recognition or awakening time. RESULTS Of the 349 patients with a 10-point Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), 248 received bridging and 101 received direct MT. Of the 134 patients with 6-9-point ASPECTS, 123 received bridging and 111 received direct MT. Each patient treated with bridging was propensity score matched with a patient treated with direct MT for age, sex, study period, pre-stroke disability, stroke severity, type of stroke onset, symptom recognition to groin time (or awakening to groin time), ASPECTS and procedure time. In the two matched groups with 10-point ASPECTS (n = 73 vs. n = 73), bridging was associated with higher rates of excellent outcome (46.6% vs. 28.8%; odds ratio 2.302, 95% confidence interval 1.010-5.244) and successful recanalization (83.6% vs. 63%; odds ratio 3.028, 95% confidence interval 1.369-6.693) compared with direct MT; no significant association was found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 1.4%). In the two matched groups with 6-9-point ASPECTS (n = 45 vs. n = 45), no significant associations were found between bridging and direct MT with regard to rates of excellent functional outcome (44.4% vs. 31.1%), successful recanalization (73.3% vs. 76.5%) and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs. 0%). CONCLUSIONS Bridging at ≤ 6 h of symptom recognition or awakening time was associated with better functional and radiological outcomes in unknown onset stroke patients with 10-point ASPECTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cappellari
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - V Saia
- Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | | | | | - R Gandini
- Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - S Nappini
- Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - P Nencini
- Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Vallone
- Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - A Zini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Bigliardi
- Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - F Granata
- Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - F Grillo
- Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cioni
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - R Tassi
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - M Bergui
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - P Cerrato
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - A Saletti
- Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A De Vito
- Arcispedale S. Anna-University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - F Taglialatela
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - R Menozzi
- Ospedale Universitario, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A Comai
- Ospedale Provinciale, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - E F M Ciceri
- Fondazione IRCSS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - B Bonetti
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - P Zampieri
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - D Toni
- Sapienza University Hospital, Roma, Italy
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13
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Minnetti E, Chiariotti P, Paone N, Garcia G, Vicente H, Violini L, Castellini P. A Smartphone Integrated Hand-Held Gap and Flush Measurement System for in Line Quality Control of Car Body Assembly. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20113300. [PMID: 32531962 PMCID: PMC7309121 DOI: 10.3390/s20113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and the characterization of a portable laser triangulation measurement system for measuring gap and flush in the car body assembly process. Targeting Human in the Loop (HILT) operations in the manufacturing sector, and in line with the vision of human empowerment with Industry 4.0 technologies, the instrument embeds features to ease operators’ activity and compensate possible misuse that could affect the robustness and the quality of data acquired. The device is based on a smartphone integrated with a miniaturized laser triangulation system installed in a cover. The device embodies additional sensors and control systems in order to guarantee operators’ safety (switching on and off the laser line based on specific conditions), support operators during the measurement execution task, and optimize the image acquisition process for minimizing the uncertainty associated to the measurement. The smartphone performs on-board processing and allows Wi-Fi communication with the plant IT infrastructure. Compliance to Industry 4.0 requirements is guaranteed using OPC-UA (Open Platform Communications—Unified Architecture) communication protocol enabling the exchange of live data with the plant middleware. The smartphone provides also an advanced high-resolution color display and well proven and ergonomic human–machine interfaces, which have been fully exploited in the design. The paper introduces the system optical layout and then presents the algorithms implemented to realize the gap and flush measurement. The paper finally presents the calibration of the instrument and estimates its calibration uncertainty in laboratory conditions. Then it discusses how performance decays when the operator handles the instrument on a reference car body. Finally, it shows the analysis of uncertainty when the device is used on real car bodies of different colors in a production line. It is observed that the measurement uncertainty of the whole measurement chain (measurand + instrument + operator + uncontrolled environmental conditions) is larger than the instrument calibration uncertainty because the measurement process is affected by the operator and the variable conditions of the production line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Minnetti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 6013 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (N.P.); (L.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Chiariotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 6013 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (N.P.); (L.V.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Paone
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 6013 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (N.P.); (L.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Gisela Garcia
- Volkswagen Autoeuropa, 2954-024 Q.ta do Anjo, Portugal; (G.G.); (H.V.)
| | - Helder Vicente
- Volkswagen Autoeuropa, 2954-024 Q.ta do Anjo, Portugal; (G.G.); (H.V.)
| | - Luca Violini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 6013 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (N.P.); (L.V.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 6013 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (N.P.); (L.V.); (P.C.)
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Serafini S, Paone N, Castellini P. Agent-based station for on-line diagnostics by self-adaptive laser Doppler vibrometry. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:121703. [PMID: 24387408 DOI: 10.1063/1.4845475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A self-adaptive diagnostic system based on laser vibrometry is proposed for quality control of mechanical defects by vibration testing; it is developed for appliances at the end of an assembly line, but its characteristics are generally suited for testing most types of electromechanical products. It consists of a laser Doppler vibrometer, equipped with scanning mirrors and a camera, which implements self-adaptive bahaviour for optimizing the measurement. The system is conceived as a Quality Control Agent (QCA) and it is part of a Multi Agent System that supervises all the production line. The QCA behaviour is defined so to minimize measurement uncertainty during the on-line tests and to compensate target mis-positioning under guidance of a vision system. Best measurement conditions are reached by maximizing the amplitude of the optical Doppler beat signal (signal quality) and consequently minimize uncertainty. In this paper, the optimization strategy for measurement enhancement achieved by the down-hill algorithm (Nelder-Mead algorithm) and its effect on signal quality improvement is discussed. Tests on a washing machine in controlled operating conditions allow to evaluate the efficacy of the method; significant reduction of noise on vibration velocity spectra is observed. Results from on-line tests are presented, which demonstrate the potential of the system for industrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serafini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science - DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - N Paone
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science - DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - P Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science - DIISM, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
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Castellini P, Montironi MA, Zizzi A, Scarpelli M, Mazzucchelli R, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Paone N, Montironi R. Recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. Subtle architectural disorder detected by quantitative analysis in DAXX-immunostained tissue sections. Hum Pathol 2013; 45:745-52. [PMID: 24565208 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify subtle changes in the so-called architectural predominant order in nonrecurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). Quantitative analysis was performed with a software package written in LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) in DAXX-immunostained tissue sections. Twelve cases of PUNLMP with papillary fronds sectioned lengthwise through the core were investigated and subdivided as follows: 7 nonrecurrent and 5 recurrent PUNLMP cases. Six cases of normal urothelium (NU) were included. When an epithelial thickness threshold is set at 108 μm (ie, 400 pixels), there is a complete separation between NU and PUNLMP; however, nonrecurrent and recurrent cases fall in the same range of thickness. In setting a nuclear elongation factor threshold at 2.1, there are differences between the 2 PUNLMP groups, recurrent PUNLMP and NU cases, showing a somewhat similar proportion of elongated nuclei. The nuclear orientation separates nonrecurrent from recurrent PUNLMP groups; however, NU cases do not appear as a separate group from the 2 PUNLMP groups. In combining epithelial thickness, nuclear elongation, and orientation in a multivariate analysis, the 2 PUNLMP groups appear separate between them and from NU. NU is less thickened than the 2 PUNLMP groups and shows a combination of elongated and less elongated nuclei. Elongated nuclei are more numerous in nonrecurrent PUNLMP, whereas the nuclei in recurrent PUNLMP are less elongated and less polarized than in the other group. Such finding can be used routinely to identify those PUNLMP patients who will have recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Castellini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Maria A Montironi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nicola Paone
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona 60020, Italy.
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Zizzi A, Montironi MA, Mazzucchelli R, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Paone N, Castellini P, Montironi R. Immunohistochemical analysis of chromatin remodeler DAXX in high grade urothelial carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:111. [PMID: 23819605 PMCID: PMC3751668 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The chromatin remodeler DAXX, a predominantly nuclear protein, regulates the status of chromatin organization. The aim of this exploratory immunohistochemical study was to evaluate DAXX protein expression in high grade invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder as a biological regulator of aggressiveness. Methods Quantitative analysis was made on DAXX immunostained nuclei in tissue sections from 5 cases of bladder normal urothelium (NU) and 5 cases of bladder pT1 UC. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) and high grade papillary carcinoma (HGPCa) were identified in 2 out of 5 UC cases. Results The nuclei in UC show an open configuration of the chromatin composed of granules varying in size and distribution and a mean nuclear area 1.7 times greater than that in NU (UC: mean and SD 24.4 ± 11.4 square microns; NU: 14.8 6.5 square microns. The differences are statistically significant). 70% of the NU nuclei are immunostained, whereas 90% of UC nuclei are positive. The mean gray level value in UC, related to the intensity of nuclear immunostaining, is lower than in NU by a factor of 0.94 (UC: mean and SD 100 ± 15; NU: 106 ± 15. The differences are statistically significant). In particular, the value in the nuclei adjacent to the stroma in UC is slightly lower than in the intermediate cell layers by factor of 0.98, whereas in NU it is slightly greater by a factor 1.02 and 1.04 compared to the intermediate and superficial cell layers. The values in CIS and HGPCa are similar to those in UC. Conclusions The quantitative immunohistochemical analysis shows an altered protein expression of chromatin remodeler DAXX in UC and in its preinvasive phases, when compared to NU. DAXX evaluation, if associated with markers related to global DNA methylation and histone acetylation, could be used in clinical practice as a marker of aggressiveness. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1398457297102379
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zizzi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, 60126, Torrette Ancona, Italy
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Zizzi A, Montironi MA, Mazzucchelli R, Scarpelli M, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Di Primio R, Paone N, Castellini P, Montironi R. Karyometry and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of the urothelium in tissue sections: a feasibility study based on chromatin remodeler DAXX immunostaining. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:913-917. [PMID: 24152857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying a software traditionally used in the field of engineering to pathology, in particular to tissue sections from normal urothelium (NU) immuno-stained for the chromatin remodeler DAXX (death domain-associated protein). The study included 5 cases of NU. Images were recorded with a Nikon digital camera. The nuclear area and the intensity of nuclear staining were analyzed with a software package developed in LabVIEW environment. The nuclear size is 14.8 plus or minus 6.5 square microns. The nuclei in the cells adjacent to the stroma are slightly smaller than in the intermediate cells by a factor of 0.86. The mean nuclear area of the nuclei in the superficial cell layer in NU is identical to the nuclei in the intermediate cell layers. For each nucleus intensity of nuclear staining is calculated based on the gray value of the individual picture elements in the green color plane. The mean and standard deviation of nuclear gray value are 106 plus or minus 15. The mean value in the nuclei adjacent to the stroma is slightly greater by a factor 1.02 and 1.04 compared to the intermediate and superficial cell layers. In conclusion, this exploratory study shows that karyometry and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis can be done accurately by using a digital camera commonly available to pathologists and an image analysis software routinely used in the field of engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zizzi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Castellini P, Sopranzetti F. Phase mapping of acoustic sources by beamforming and iterative far field monopole substitution. J Acoust Soc Am 2012; 132:295-302. [PMID: 22779478 DOI: 10.1121/1.4728203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of this paper is to give emphasis to the importance of assessing phase information when reconstructing and mapping a sound field. In fact, in acoustic analysis phase distribution is frequently simply either not considered or ignored, even though it can supply very useful information for the understanding of the mapping itself or for further analyses. In this paper a procedure to carry out phase mapping of acoustic sources in beamforming measurement is illustrated. The second aim of this paper is to propose a straightforward iterative optimization algorithm based on the monopole substitution starting from beamforming results. It allows for the reconstruction of sound field without the use of any matrix inversion. Both numerical and experimental validations of the method are presented. Results shown hereafter prove the effectiveness of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Castellini
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Torelli P, Abrignani G, Berzieri L, Castellini P, Ferrante T, Lambru G, Latte L, Russo M, Zani S, Manzoni GC. Population-based pace study: headache frequency and disease perception in adult subjects with headache. Neurol Sci 2010; 31 Suppl 1:S149-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Castellini P, Di Giuseppe A. System for measuring the coordinates of tire surfaces in transient conditions when rolling over obstacles: description of the system and performance analysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:065105. [PMID: 18601435 DOI: 10.1063/1.2932339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a system for measuring surface coordinates (commonly known as "shape measurements") which is able to give the temporal evolution of the position of the tire sidewall in transient conditions (such as during braking, when there are potholes or when the road surface is uneven) which may or may not be reproducible. The system is based on the well-known technique of projecting and observing structured light using a digital camera with an optical axis which is slanted with respect to the axis of the projector. The transient nature of the phenomenon has led to the development of specific innovative solutions as regards image processing algorithms. This paper briefly describes the components which make up the measuring system and presents the results of the measurements carried out on the drum bench. It then analyses the performance of the measuring system and the sources of uncertainty which led to the development of the system for a specific dynamic application: impact with an obstacle (cleat test). The measuring system guaranteed a measurement uncertainty of 0.28 mm along the Z axis (the axial direction of the tire) with a measurement range of 250(X) x 80(Y) x 25(Z) mm(3), with the tire rolling at a speed of up to 30 km/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Castellini
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
In the last decades a great number of in vitro studies have been conducted to improve the design and to understand the transvalvular flow patterns under steady-state and pulsating flow conditions. Steady-state tests are useful for studying the flow established upstream and downstream of the valve prosthesis in different flow conditions and, in particular, at the peak flow rate. In the present study, the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is employed to visualize the flow patterns in a precommercial model of a bi-leaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis in a steady-state flow regime. The use of the PIV technique and a convenient test rig provide good conditions with which to investigate the whole flow field upstream and downstream of the valve. Velocity and vorticity maps are obtained for the flow passing through the prosthesis in different axial planes. A new and simple solution for the measurement test chamber is proposed. This innovative approach of observing the flow in staggered planes (other than diametrical planes) allows a flow analysis to be performed upstream and downstream of the valve in regions near the tube wall where it has the maximum potential for injury of the vessel's inner cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Castellini
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Lauriola P, Tosatti F, Schiavi A, Fiandri M, Frank G, Michelacci M, Zoli MA, Castellini P, Pelosi S, Verderio P, Duca G, Morosini P. Confidential enquiry into avoidable vehicle accident deaths in the province of Modena, Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 2000; 16:67-74. [PMID: 10780345 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007687120935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the methods and results of a kind of study confidential enquiries into avoidable deaths very rarely performed in the Mediterranean area. After assessing some quali/ quantitative evaluation criteria, an independent expert panel investigated the quality of each step in emergency health care. Information was collected by clinical and forensic reports (clinical method). Of 102 cases, 4 were avoidable deaths and 18 probably avoidable. These results, which are comparable with other similar ones found in Italy (autoptic method) and abroad, have been useful in highlighting some health care errors: in particular, in on-site care and in emergency department diagnosis and treatment. Other avoidable factors emerging were the inappropriateness of transporting severe trauma cases to a small hospital lacking proper equipment and trained staff, and the importance of staff training in first emergency care of severe trauma on ambulance. This situation had been highlighted previously and led to implementation of trauma centres. The methods implemented turned out to be quite statistically reproducible and have been used in local health care planning, especially in the rearrangement of ambulance deployment and emergency staff training.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lauriola
- ARPA Emilia Romagna Direzione Tecnica-Area Epidemiologia Ambientale, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work presents a new technique based on the assessment of the mobility degree through the application of dynamic loads and the measurement of the tooth displacement with a laser Doppler vibrometer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Measurements of the mobility degree have been made, up to now, by the application of static loads and the measurement of the consequent displacement. The results obtained with the measurement technique proposed by Muhlemann (1967) have been validated by O'Leary et al. (1964) and by Persson and Sweson (1980). This approach, however, has not been clinically disseminated both because of the high cost of the equipment and, above all, because of the difficulty in performing the measurements. METHODS The ratio between the maximum of the tooth displacement and the input force peak has been considered as the mobility degree index. Dynamic loads have been applied and measured on teeth, with a small hammer and a load cell. The consequent displacement of tooth has been measured with a Laser Doppler vibrometer that allows easy to use and versatile noncontact measurements with high accuracy and sensitivity (< 0.1 mm/sec). RESULTS An introductory in vitro study has been carried out on real teeth extracted and mounted on structures with different-stiffness silicone cast (stiffness of the support is one of the parameters responsible for teeth mobility), in order to evaluate the technique. An in vivo study has also been carried out on different teeth of a healthy patient. It is possible to observe the agreement between the O'Leary results and ones obtained in this work. The practicality of the procedure has also been demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Good correspondence between data available in literature and results obtained has been demonstrated. The use of the technique here proposed could allow having a deeper knowledge of the behavior of the periodontal teeth system: the tooth mobility under dynamic loads. With this new technique, it will be possible to quickly measure a pathological mobility of the tooth, before it becomes evident and problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castellini
- Department of Mechanics, University of Ancona, Italy
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