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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Liu QL, Zhou Z, He J, Yuan S, Heine T, Wang J. Laser-Induced Ultrafast Spin Injection in All-Semiconductor Magnetic CrI 3/WSe 2 Heterobilayer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11732-11739. [PMID: 38670539 PMCID: PMC11080996 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Spin injection stands out as a crucial method employed for initializing, manipulating, and measuring the spin states of electrons, which are fundamental to the creation of qubits in quantum computing. However, ensuring efficient spin injection while maintaining compatibility with standard semiconductor processing techniques is a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the capability of inducing an ultrafast spin injection into a WSe2 layer from a magnetic CrI3 layer on a femtosecond time scale, achieved through real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations upon a laser pulse. Following the peak of the magnetic moment in the CrI3 sublayer, the magnetic moment of the WSe2 layer reaches a maximum of 0.89 μB (per unit cell containing 4 WSe2 and 1 CrI3 units). During the spin dynamics, spin-polarized excited electrons transfer from the WSe2 layer to the CrI3 layer via type-II band alignment. The large spin splitting in conduction bands and the difference in the number of spin-polarized local unoccupied states available in the CrI3 layer lead to a net spin in the WSe2 layer. Furthermore, we confirmed that the number of available states, the spin-flip process, and the laser pulse parameters play important roles during the spin injection process. This work highlights the dynamic and rapid nature of spin manipulation in layered all-semiconductor systems, offering significant implications for the development and enhancement of quantum information processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilv Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education,
School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Yehui Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education,
School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Long Liu
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Zhaobo Zhou
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Junjie He
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Shijun Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education,
School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education,
School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
- Suzhou
Laboratory, Suzhou 215004, People’s Republic
of China
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2
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Sharma S, Dewhurst JK, Shallcross S. Light-Shaping of Valley States. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11533-11539. [PMID: 38100087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The established paradigm to create valley states, excitations at local band extrema ("valleys"), is through selective occupation of specific valleys via circularly polarized laser pulses. Here we show a second way exists to create valley states, not by valley population imbalance but by "light-shaping" in momentum space, i.e. controlling the shape of the distribution of excited charge at each valley. While noncontrasting in valley charge, such valley states are instead characterized by a valley current, identically zero at one valley and finite and large at the other. We demonstrate that these (i) are robust to quantum decoherence, (ii) allow lossless toggling of the valley state with successive femtosecond laser pulses, and (iii) permit valley contrasting excitation both with and without a gap. Our findings open a route to robust ultrafast and switchable valleytronics in a wide scope of 2d materials, bringing closer the promise of valley-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Sharma
- Max-Born-Institute for Non-linear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for theoretical solid-state physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Kay Dewhurst
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Samuel Shallcross
- Max-Born-Institute for Non-linear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Li M, He J. Terahertz Laser Pulse Boosts Interlayer Spin Transfer in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Magnetic Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11274-11280. [PMID: 38060526 PMCID: PMC10749471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced ultrafast dynamics in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems demonstrate substantial advancements in spintronics. Here, using the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT), we applied laser pulses with various frequencies, from terahertz (THz) to optical pulse, to systematically study the interlayer spin transfer dynamics in 2D van der Waals nonmagnetic-ferromagnetic heterostructures, including graphene-Fe3GeTe2 (Gr/FGT) and silicene-Fe3GeTe2 (Si/FGT). Our results demonstrate that low-frequency THz pulses are particularly effective in facilitating interlayer spin injection from the ferromagnetic FGT layers to the Si or Gr layers. On the contrary, high-frequency optical pulses exhibit a minimal influence on this process. Such an effect is attributed to the low-frequency THz pulses inducing in-phase oscillations of the electron charge density around atomic centers, leading to a highly efficient interlayer spin transfer. Our results provide a new insight into ultrafast THz radiation control intralayer spin transfer and magnetic proximity dynamics in the 2D limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Junjie He
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
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4
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Chen Z, Luo JW, Wang LW. Light-induced ultrafast spin transport in multilayer metallic films originates from sp- d spin exchange coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1618. [PMID: 38100591 PMCID: PMC10848703 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast interaction between the femtosecond laser pulse and the magnetic metal provides an efficient way to manipulate the magnetic states of matter. Numerous experimental advancements have been made on multilayer metallic films in the last two decades. However, the underlying physics remains unclear. Here, relying on an efficient ab initio spin dynamics simulation algorithm, we revealed the physics that can unify the progress in different experiments. We found that light-induced ultrafast spin transport in multilayer metallic films originates from the sp-d spin-exchange interaction, which can induce an ultrafast, large, and pure spin current from ferromagnetic metal to nonmagnetic metal without charge carrier transport. The resulting trends of spin demagnetization and spin flow are consistent with most experiments. It can explain a variety of ultrafast light-spin manipulation experiments with different systems and different pump-probe technologies, covering a wide range of work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Chen
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 50F, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jun-Wei Luo
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Yanqihu East Rd, Huairou District, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 50F, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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5
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Ilyakov I, Brataas A, de Oliveira TVAG, Ponomaryov A, Deinert JC, Hellwig O, Faßbender J, Lindner J, Salikhov R, Kovalev S. Efficient ultrafast field-driven spin current generation for spintronic terahertz frequency conversion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7010. [PMID: 37919284 PMCID: PMC10622539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation and control of spin currents launched by terahertz (THz) radiation with subsequent ultrafast spin-to-charge conversion is the current challenge for the next generation of high-speed communication and data processing units. Here, we demonstrate that THz light can efficiently drive coherent angular momentum transfer in nanometer-thick ferromagnet/heavy-metal heterostructures. This process is non-resonant and does neither require external magnetic fields nor cryogenics. The efficiency of this process is more than one order of magnitude higher as compared to the recently observed THz-induced spin pumping in MnF2 antiferromagnet. The coherently driven spin currents originate from the ultrafast spin Seebeck effect, caused by a THz-induced temperature imbalance in electronic and magnonic temperatures and fast relaxation of the electron-phonon system. Owing to the fact that the electron-phonon relaxation time is comparable with the period of a THz wave, the induced spin current results in THz second harmonic generation and THz optical rectification, providing a spintronic basis for THz frequency mixing and rectifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ilyakov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Arne Brataas
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Alexey Ponomaryov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Christoph Deinert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olav Hellwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Faßbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lindner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruslan Salikhov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sergey Kovalev
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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6
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Barhoumi M, Liu J, Lefkidis G, Hübner W. Ultrafast control of laser-induced spin-dynamics scenarios on two-dimensional Ni3@C63H54 magnetic system. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:084304. [PMID: 37638625 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of building logically functional networks employing spintronics or magnetic heterostructures is becoming more and more popular today. Incorporating logical segments into a circuit needs physical bonds between the magnetic molecules or clusters involved. In this framework, we systematically study ultrafast laser-induced spin-manipulation scenarios on a closed system of three carbon chains to which three Ni atoms are attached. After the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling and an external magnetic field, different ultrafast spin dynamics scenarios involving spin-flip and long-distance spin-transfer processes are achieved by various appropriately well-tailored time-resolved laser pulses within subpicosecond timescales. We additionally study the various effects of an external magnetic field on spin-flip and spin-transfer processes. Moreover, we obtain spin-dynamics processes induced by a double laser pulse, rather than a single one. We suggest enhancing the spatial addressability of spin-flip and spin-transfer processes. The findings presented in this article will improve our knowledge of the magnetic properties of carbon-based magnetic molecular structures. They also support the relevant experimental realization of spin dynamics and their potential applications in future molecular spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Barhoumi
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Georgios Lefkidis
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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7
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Zhou Z, Zheng Z, He J, Wang J, Prezhdo OV, Frauenheim T. Ultrafast Laser Control of Antiferromagnetic-Ferrimagnetic Switching in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37307217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Realizing ultrafast control of magnetization switching is of crucial importance for information processing and recording technology. Here, we explore the laser-induced spin electron excitation and relaxation dynamics processes of CrCl3/CrBr3 heterostructures with antiparallel (AP) and parallel (P) systems. Although an ultrafast demagnetization of CrCl3 and CrBr3 layers occurs in both AP and P systems, the overall magnetic order of the heterostructure remains unchanged due to the laser-induced equivalent interlayer spin electron excitation. More crucially, the interlayer magnetic order switches from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferrimagnetic (FiM) in the AP system once the laser pulse disappears. The microscopic mechanism underpinning this magnetization switching is dominated by the asymmetrical interlayer charge transfer combined with a spin-flip, which breaks the interlayer AFM symmetry and ultimately results in an inequivalent shift in the moment between two FM layers. Our study opens up a new idea for ultrafast laser control of magnetization switching in two-dimensional opto-spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Zhou
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Zhenfa Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junjie He
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen 28759, Germany
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
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8
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Ziolkowski F, Busch O, Mertig I, Henk J. Ultrafast spin dynamics: complementing theoretical analyses by quantum state measures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:125501. [PMID: 36652715 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acb479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In theoretical analyses of ultrafast spin dynamics simulated phenomena are commonly discussed in terms of observables. In this paper we report on possible benefits of complementing such studies by quantum state (QS) measures. These measures quantify specific properties of QSs, e.g. distance in Hilbert space and mixing. For Co/Cu heterostructures illuminated by femtosecond laser pulses, we discuss the general behavior of selected measures, but address in particular the degree of perturbation by a laser pulse. It turns out that the measures are especially sensitive to variations of the polarization of a laser pulse and the sample composition. Moreover, they are closely linked to magnetization and number of photo-excited electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ziolkowski
- Institut für Physik, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Oliver Busch
- Institut für Physik, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Ingrid Mertig
- Institut für Physik, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Jürgen Henk
- Institut für Physik, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
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9
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Li S, Zhou L, Frauenheim T, He J. Light-Controlled Ultrafast Magnetic State Transition in Antiferromagnetic-Ferromagnetic van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6223-6229. [PMID: 35770897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating spin in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials has great potential in AFM opto-spintronics. Laser pulses can induce a transient ferromagnetic (FM) state in AFM metallic systems but have never been proven in two-dimensional (2D) AFM semiconductors and related van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Herein, using 2D vdW heterostructures of FM MnS2 and AFM MXenes as prototypes, we investigated optically induced interlayer spin transfer dynamics based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory. We observed that laser pulses induce significant spin injection and interfacial atom-mediated spin transfer from MnS2 to Cr2CCl2. In particular, we first demonstrated the transient FM state in semiconducting AFM-FM heterostructures during photoexcited processes. The proximity magnetism breaks the magnetic symmetry of Cr2CCl2 in heterostructures. Our results provide a microscopic understanding of optically controlled interlayer spin dynamics in 2D magnetic heterostructures and open a new way to manipulate magnetic order in 2D materials for ultrafast opto-spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, P. R. China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| | - Junjie He
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 12843, Czechia
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10
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Yao K, Steinbach F, Borchert M, Schick D, Engel D, Bencivenga F, Mincigrucci R, Foglia L, Pedersoli E, De Angelis D, Pancaldi M, Wehinger B, Capotondi F, Masciovecchio C, Eisebitt S, von Korff Schmising C. All-Optical Switching on the Nanometer Scale Excited and Probed with Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4452-4458. [PMID: 35605204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast control of magnetization on the nanometer length scale, in particular all-optical switching, is key to putting ultrafast magnetism on the path toward future technological application in data storage technology. However, magnetization manipulation with light on this length scale is challenging due to the wavelength limitations of optical radiation. Here, we excite transient magnetic gratings in a GdFe alloy with a periodicity of 87 nm by the interference of two coherent femtosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The subsequent ultrafast evolution of the magnetization pattern is probed by diffraction of a third, time-delayed pulse tuned to the Gd N-edge at a wavelength of 8.3 nm. By examining the simultaneously recorded first and second order diffractions and by performing reference real-space measurements with a wide-field magneto-optical microscope with femtosecond time resolution, we can conclusively demonstrate the ultrafast emergence of all-optical switching on the nanometer length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yao
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Steinbach
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Borchert
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Engel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Björn Wehinger
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Möller C, Probst H, Otto J, Stroh K, Mahn C, Steil S, Moshnyaga V, Jansen GSM, Steil D, Mathias S. Ultrafast element-resolved magneto-optics using a fiber-laser-driven extreme ultraviolet light source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:065107. [PMID: 34243510 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel setup to measure the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range based on a fiber laser amplifier system with a repetition rate between 100 and 300 kHz, which we use to measure element-resolved demagnetization dynamics. The setup is equipped with a strong electromagnet and a cryostat, allowing measurements between 10 and 420 K using magnetic fields up to 0.86 T. The performance of our setup is demonstrated by a set of temperature- and time-dependent magnetization measurements with elemental resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Möller
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrike Probst
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Otto
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karen Stroh
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Mahn
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vasily Moshnyaga
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G S Matthijs Jansen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Steil
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Chardonnet V, Hennes M, Jarrier R, Delaunay R, Jaouen N, Kuhlmann M, Ekanayake N, Léveillé C, von Korff Schmising C, Schick D, Yao K, Liu X, Chiuzbăian GS, Lüning J, Vodungbo B, Jal E. Toward ultrafast magnetic depth profiling using time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:034305. [PMID: 34235231 PMCID: PMC8225393 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, a variety of models have been developed to explain the ultrafast quenching of magnetization following femtosecond optical excitation. These models can be classified into two broad categories, relying either on a local or a non-local transfer of angular momentum. The acquisition of the magnetic depth profiles with femtosecond resolution, using time-resolved x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity, can distinguish local and non-local effects. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in a pump-probe geometry using a custom-built reflectometer at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL). Although FLASH2 is limited to the production of photons with a fundamental wavelength of 4 nm ( ≃ 310 eV ), we were able to probe close to the Fe L 3 edge ( 706.8 eV ) of a magnetic thin film employing the third harmonic of the FEL. Our approach allows us to extract structural and magnetic asymmetry signals revealing two dynamics on different time scales which underpin a non-homogeneous loss of magnetization and a significant dilation of 2 Å of the layer thickness followed by oscillations. Future analysis of the data will pave the way to a full quantitative description of the transient magnetic depth profile combining femtosecond with nanometer resolution, which will provide further insight into the microscopic mechanisms underlying ultrafast demagnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Hennes
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Jarrier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Delaunay
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Jaouen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Cyril Léveillé
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Daniel Schick
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kelvin Yao
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xuan Liu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gheorghe S. Chiuzbăian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jan Lüning
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Vodungbo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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He J, Li S, Bandyopadhyay A, Frauenheim T. Unravelling Photoinduced Interlayer Spin Transfer Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Nonmagnetic-Ferromagnetic van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3237-3244. [PMID: 33749285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although light is the fastest means to manipulate the interfacial spin injection and magnetic proximity related quantum properties of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, its potential remains mostly untapped. Here, inspired by the recent discovery of 2D ferromagnets Fe3GeTe2 (FGT), we applied the real-time density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) to study photoinduced interlayer spin transfer dynamics in 2D nonmagnetic-ferromagnetic (NM-FM) vdW heterostructures, including graphene-FGT, silicene-FGT, germanene-FGT, antimonene-FGT and h-BN-FGT interfaces. We observed that laser pulses induce significant large spin injection from FGT to nonmagnetic (NM) layers within a few femtoseconds. In addition, we identified an interfacial atom-mediated spin transfer pathway in heterostructures in which the photoexcited spin of Fe first transfers to intralayered Te atoms and then hops to interlayered NM layers. Interlayer hopping is approximately two times slower than intralayer spin transfer. Our results provide the microscopic understanding for optically control interlayer spin dynamics in 2D magnetic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie He
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 2835, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Arkamita Bandyopadhyay
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 2835, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 2835, Bremen, Germany
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen Computational Science and Applied Research (CSAR) Institute, Shenzhen 518110, China
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14
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Golias E, Kumberg I, Gelen I, Thakur S, Gördes J, Hosseinifar R, Guillet Q, Dewhurst JK, Sharma S, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Pontius N, Kuch W. Ultrafast Optically Induced Ferromagnetic State in an Elemental Antiferromagnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:107202. [PMID: 33784145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence for an ultrafast optically induced ferromagnetic alignment of antiferromagnetic Mn in Co/Mn multilayers. We observe the transient ferromagnetic signal at the arrival of the pump pulse at the Mn L_{3} resonance using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in reflectivity. The timescale of the effect is comparable to the duration of the excitation and occurs before the magnetization in Co is quenched. Theoretical calculations point to the imbalanced population of Mn unoccupied states caused by the Co interface for the emergence of this transient ferromagnetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Golias
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Kumberg
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Gelen
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Thakur
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gördes
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Hosseinifar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Q Guillet
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J K Dewhurst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - S Sharma
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schüßler-Langeheine
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Pontius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Kuch
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Scheid P, Sharma S, Malinowski G, Mangin S, Lebègue S. Ab Initio Study of Helicity-Dependent Light-Induced Demagnetization: From the Optical Regime to the Extreme Ultraviolet Regime. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1943-1947. [PMID: 33605143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use ab initio real-time time-dependent density functional theory to investigate the effect of optical and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) circularly polarized femtosecond pulses on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic materials. We demonstrate that the light induces a helicity-dependent reduction of the magnitude of the magnetization. In the XUV regime, where the 3p semicore states are involved, a larger helicity dependence persisting even after the passage of light is exhibited. Finally, we were able to separate the part of the helicity-dependent dynamics due to the absorption from the part due to the inverse Faraday effect. Doing so, we show that the former has, overall, a greater impact on the magnetization than the latter, especially after the pulse and in the XUV regime. This work hints at the yet experimentally unexplored territory of the XUV light-induced helicity-dependent dynamics, which, according to our prediction, could magnify the helicity-dependent dynamics already exhibited in the optical regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Scheid
- Université de Lorraine, LPCT, CNRS, UMR 7019, BP 70239, 54506 Cedex Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, IJL, CNRS, UMR 7198, BP 70239, 54000 Cedex Nancy, France
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Max-Born-Institute for Non-linear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregory Malinowski
- Université de Lorraine, IJL, CNRS, UMR 7198, BP 70239, 54000 Cedex Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Mangin
- Université de Lorraine, IJL, CNRS, UMR 7198, BP 70239, 54000 Cedex Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Lebègue
- Université de Lorraine, LPCT, CNRS, UMR 7019, BP 70239, 54506 Cedex Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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16
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Eschenlohr A. Spin dynamics at interfaces on femtosecond timescales. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:013001. [PMID: 33034305 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excitation of magnetically ordered materials with ultrashort laser pulses results in magnetization dynamics on femto- to picosecond timescales. These non-equilibrium spin dynamics have emerged as a rapidly developing research field in recent years. Unraveling the fundamental microscopic processes in the interaction of ultrashort optical pulses with the charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in magnetic materials shows the potential for controlling spin dynamics on their intrinsic timescales and thereby bring spintronics applications into the femtosecond range. In particular, femtosecond spin currents offer fascinating new possibilities to manipulate magnetization in an ultrafast and non-local manner, via spin injection and spin transfer torque at the interfaces of ferromagnetic layered structures. This topical review covers recent progress on spin dynamics at interfaces on femtosecond time scales. The development of the field of ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures will be reviewed, starting from spin currents propagating on nanometer length scales through layered structures before focusing on femtosecond spin transfer at interfaces. The properties of these ultrafast spin-dependent charge currents will be discussed, as well as the materials dependence of femtosecond spin injection, the role of the interface properties, and competing microscopic processes leading to a loss of spin polarization on sub-picosecond timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eschenlohr
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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17
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Wang C, Liu Y. Ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic order in ferromagnetic materials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2020; 7:35. [PMID: 33170368 PMCID: PMC7655883 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-020-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between ultrafast lasers and magnetic materials is an appealing topic. It not only involves interesting fundamental questions that remain inconclusive and hence need further investigation, but also has the potential to revolutionize data storage technologies because such an opto-magnetic interaction provides an ultrafast and energy-efficient means to control magnetization. Fruitful progress has been made in this area over the past quarter century. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical studies on magnetization dynamics and switching in ferromagnetic materials that are induced by ultrafast lasers. We start by describing the physical mechanisms of ultrafast demagnetization based on different experimental observations and theoretical methods. Both the spin-flip scattering theory and the superdiffusive spin transport model will be discussed in detail. Then, we will discuss laser-induced torques and resultant magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic materials. Recent developments of all-optical switching (AOS) of ferromagnetic materials towards ultrafast magnetic storage and memory will also be reviewed, followed by the perspectives on the challenges and future directions in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangtang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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18
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Element-Specific Magnetization Dynamics of Complex Magnetic Systems Probed by Ultrafast Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The vision to manipulate and control magnetism with light is driven on the one hand by fundamental questions of direct and indirect photon-spin interactions, and on the other hand by the necessity to cope with ever growing data volumes, requiring radically new approaches on how to write, read and process information. Here, we present two complementary experimental geometries to access the element-specific magnetization dynamics of complex magnetic systems via ultrafast magneto-optical spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. First, we employ linearly polarized radiation of a free electron laser facility to demonstrate decoupled dynamics of the two sublattices of an FeGd alloy, a prerequisite for all-optical magnetization switching. Second, we use circularly polarized radiation generated in a laboratory-based high harmonic generation setup to show optical inter-site spin transfer in a CoPt alloy, a mechanism which only very recently has been predicted to mediate ultrafast metamagnetic phase transitions.
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19
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Dewhurst JK, Willems F, Elliott P, Li QZ, Schmising CVK, Strüber C, Engel DW, Eisebitt S, Sharma S. Element Specificity of Transient Extreme Ultraviolet Magnetic Dichroism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:077203. [PMID: 32142343 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.077203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work we combine theory and experiment to study transient magnetic circular dichroism (TRMCD) in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range in bulk Co and CoPt. We use the ab initio method of real-time time-dependent density functional theory to simulate the magnetization dynamics in the presence of short laser pulses. From this we demonstrate how TRMCD may be calculated using an approximation to the excited-state linear response. We apply this approximation to Co and CoPt and show computationally that element-specific dynamics of the local spin moments can be extracted from the TRMCD in the extreme ultraviolet energy range, as is commonly assumed. We then compare our theoretical prediction for the TRMCD for CoPt with experimental measurement and find excellent agreement at many different frequencies including the M_{23} edge of Co and N_{67} and O_{23} edges of Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dewhurst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - F Willems
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Elliott
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Q Z Li
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Strüber
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D W Engel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Sharma
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Willems F, von Korff Schmising C, Strüber C, Schick D, Engel DW, Dewhurst JK, Elliott P, Sharma S, Eisebitt S. Optical inter-site spin transfer probed by energy and spin-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:871. [PMID: 32054855 PMCID: PMC7018696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically driven spin transport is the fastest and most efficient process to manipulate macroscopic magnetization as it does not rely on secondary mechanisms to dissipate angular momentum. In the present work, we show that such an optical inter-site spin transfer (OISTR) from Pt to Co emerges as a dominant mechanism governing the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of a CoPt alloy. To demonstrate this, we perform a joint theoretical and experimental investigation to determine the transient changes of the helicity dependent absorption in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. We show that the helicity dependent absorption is directly related to changes of the transient spin-split density of states, allowing us to link the origin of OISTR to the available minority states above the Fermi level. This makes OISTR a general phenomenon in optical manipulation of multi-component magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Willems
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Strüber
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter W Engel
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - J K Dewhurst
- Max-Planck-Institute for Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Elliott
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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