1
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Gureyev TE, Paganin DM, Quiney HM. Signal-to-noise and spatial resolution in in-line imaging. 1. Basic theory, numerical simulations and planar experimental images. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:896-909. [PMID: 38843003 PMCID: PMC11226163 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524003886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution are quantitatively analysed in the context of in-line (propagation based) X-ray phase-contrast imaging. It is known that free-space propagation of a coherent X-ray beam from the imaged object to the detector plane, followed by phase retrieval in accordance with Paganin's method, can increase the signal-to-noise in the resultant images without deteriorating the spatial resolution. This results in violation of the noise-resolution uncertainty principle and demonstrates `unreasonable' effectiveness of the method. On the other hand, when the process of free-space propagation is performed in software, using the detected intensity distribution in the object plane, it cannot reproduce the same effectiveness, due to the amplification of photon shot noise. Here, it is shown that the performance of Paganin's method is determined by just two dimensionless parameters: the Fresnel number and the ratio of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the refractive index of the imaged object. The relevant theoretical analysis is performed first, followed by computer simulations and then by a brief test using experimental images collected at a synchrotron beamline. More extensive experimental tests will be presented in the second part of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur E. Gureyev
- School of PhysicsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
- School of Physics and AstronomyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - David M. Paganin
- School of Physics and AstronomyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Harry M. Quiney
- School of PhysicsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
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2
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Vijayakumar J, Goudarzi NM, Eeckhaut G, Schrijnemakers K, Cnudde V, Boone MN. Characterization of Pharmaceutical Tablets by X-ray Tomography. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050733. [PMID: 37242516 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dosage forms such as tablets are extensively used in drug administration for their simplicity and large-scale manufacturing capabilities. High-resolution X-ray tomography is one of the most valuable non-destructive techniques to investigate the internal structure of the tablets for drug product development as well as for a cost effective production process. In this work, we review the recent developments in high-resolution X-ray microtomography and its application towards different tablet characterizations. The increased availability of powerful laboratory instrumentation, as well as the advent of high brilliance and coherent 3rd generation synchrotron light sources, combined with advanced data processing techniques, are driving the application of X-ray microtomography forward as an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaianth Vijayakumar
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Eeckhaut
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Cnudde
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research (PProGRess), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Environmental Hydrogeology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Radiation Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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3
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Alloo SJ, Paganin DM, Morgan KS, Gureyev TE, Mayo SC, Mohammadi S, Lockie D, Menk RH, Arfelli F, Zanconati F, Tromba G, Pavlov KM. Tomographic phase and attenuation extraction for a sample composed of unknown materials using x-ray propagation-based phase-contrast imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1945-1948. [PMID: 35427307 DOI: 10.1364/ol.445802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (PB-PCXI) generates image contrast by utilizing sample-imposed phase-shifts. This has proven useful when imaging weakly attenuating samples, as conventional attenuation-based imaging does not always provide adequate contrast. We present a PB-PCXI algorithm capable of extracting the x-ray attenuation β and refraction δ, components of the complex refractive index of distinct materials within an unknown sample. The method involves curve fitting an error-function-based model to a phase-retrieved interface in a PB-PCXI tomographic reconstruction, which is obtained when Paganin-type phase retrieval is applied with incorrect values of δ and β. The fit parameters can then be used to calculate true δ and β values for composite materials. This approach requires no a priori sample information, making it broadly applicable. Our PB-PCXI reconstruction is single-distance, requiring only one exposure per tomographic angle, which is important for radiosensitive samples. We apply this approach to a breast-tissue sample, recovering the refraction component δ, with 0.6-2.4% accuracy compared with theoretical values.
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4
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Real-Time Phase Retrieval Based on Cube-Corner Prisms Single Exposure. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The phase retrieval method based on the Transport of Intensity Equation needs to record the light intensity information on two or more planes perpendicular to the optical axis propagating along the optical axis. Usually, a single CCD camera is moved back and forth for recording, which not only brings the corresponding mechanical errors, but also has a certain time difference between the collected intensity images, which cannot meet the real-time requirements. In this paper, a single phase retrieval technique based on cube-corner prisms is proposed. This method can simultaneously collect the required initial intensity image in a single exposure, and then calculate the phase after registration and repair, so as to obtain high-precision results. According to the parallel reflection characteristics of the cube-corner prisms, the experimental system designed correspondingly can not only stagger the two beams separated by the beam splitter, but also ensure that the upper and lower propagation distances of a single beam are equal. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are fully verified by simulation experiments and experimental measurements.
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5
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Bai XJ, Yan YH, Lei HY, Sun FZ, Wang TZ, Zhu CQ, Tan JH, Hu G, Li YF, Ma JL, Liao GQ, Zhang Z, Hu HS, Li YT. Two-dimensional monitoring of a laser-solid x-ray source spot via penumbral coded aperture imaging technique. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:043104. [PMID: 35489950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainties of spot size and position need to be clarified for x-ray sources as they can affect the detecting precision of the x-ray probe beam in applications such as radiography. In particular, for laser-driven x-ray sources, they would be more significant as they influence the inevitable fluctuation of the driving laser pulses. Here, we have employed the penumberal coded aperture imaging technique to diagnose the two-dimensional spatial distribution of an x-ray emission source spot generated from a Cu solid target irradiated by an intense laser pulse. Taking advantage of the high detection efficiency and high spatial resolution of this technique, the x-ray source spot is characterized with a relative error of ∼5% in the full width at half maximum of the intensity profile in a single-shot mode for general laser parameters, which makes it possible to reveal the information of the unfixed spot size and position precisely. Our results show the necessity and feasibility of monitoring the spot of these novel laser-driven x-ray sources via the penumbral coded aperture imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jie Bai
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yi-Hong Yan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hong-Yi Lei
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Sun
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tian-Ze Wang
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhu
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun-Hao Tan
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing-Long Ma
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Qian Liao
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua-Si Hu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Birnbacher L, Braig EM, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Quantitative X-ray phase contrast computed tomography with grating interferometry : Biomedical applications of quantitative X-ray grating-based phase contrast computed tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4171-4188. [PMID: 33846846 PMCID: PMC8566444 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of biomedical imaging data to be of quantitative nature is getting increasingly important with the ongoing developments in data science. In contrast to conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging, grating-based phase contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) is a phase contrast micro-CT imaging technique that can provide high soft tissue contrast at high spatial resolution. While there is a variety of different phase contrast imaging techniques, GBPC-CT can be applied with laboratory X-ray sources and enables quantitative determination of electron density and effective atomic number. In this review article, we present quantitative GBPC-CT with the focus on biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Birnbacher
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Braig
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Yoneyama A, Takeya S, Lwin TT, Takamatsu D, Baba R, Konishi K, Fujita R, Kobayashi K, Shima A, Kawamoto M, Setoyama H, Ishiji K, Seno Y. Advanced X-ray imaging at beamline 07 of the SAGA Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1966-1977. [PMID: 34738952 PMCID: PMC8570222 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The SAGA Light Source provides X-ray imaging resources based on high-intensity synchrotron radiation (SR) emitted from the superconducting wiggler at beamline 07 (BL07). By combining quasi-monochromatic SR obtained by the newly installed water-cooled metal filter and monochromatic SR selected by a Ge double-crystal monochromator (DCM) with high-resolution lens-coupled X-ray imagers, fast and low-dose micro-computed tomography (CT), fast phase-contrast CT using grating-based X-ray interferometry, and 2D micro-X-ray absorption fine structure analysis can be performed. In addition, by combining monochromatic SR obtained by a Si DCM with large-area fiber-coupled X-ray imagers, high-sensitivity phase-contrast CT using crystal-based X-ray interferometry can be performed. Low-temperature CT can be performed using the newly installed cryogenic system, and time-resolved analysis of the crystallinity of semiconductor devices in operation can be performed using a time-resolved topography system. The details of each instrument and imaging method, together with exemplary measurements, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yoneyama
- Beamline Group, SAGA Light Source, 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeya
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Thet Thet Lwin
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Daiko Takamatsu
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Rika Baba
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Kumiko Konishi
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Ryusei Fujita
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kobayashi
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Akio Shima
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi Ltd, 1-280 Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Masahide Kawamoto
- Beamline Group, SAGA Light Source, 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Setoyama
- Beamline Group, SAGA Light Source, 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ishiji
- Beamline Group, SAGA Light Source, 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Seno
- Beamline Group, SAGA Light Source, 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
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8
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Ghani MU, Yan A, Fajardo LL, Wu X, Liu H. Dual-energy phase retrieval algorithm for inline phase sensitive x-ray imaging system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26538-26552. [PMID: 34615087 PMCID: PMC8687111 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phase retrieval is vital for quantitative x-ray phase contrast imaging. This work presents an iterative method to simultaneously retrieve the x-ray absorption and phase images from a single x-ray exposure. The proposed approach uses the photon-counting detectors' energy-resolving capability in providing multiple spectrally resolved phase contrast images from a single x-ray exposure. The retrieval method is derived, presented, and experimentally tested with a multi-material phantom in an inline phase contrast imaging setup. By separating the contributions of photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering to the attenuation, the authors divide the phase contrast image into two portions, the attenuation map arises from photoelectric absorption and a pseudo phase contrast image generated by electron density. This way one can apply the Phase Attenuation Dualiby (PAD) algorithm and Fresnel propagation for the iteration. The retrieval results from the experimental images show that this iterative method is fast, accurate, robust against noise, and thus yields noticeable enhancement in contrast to noise ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U. Ghani
- Advanced Medical Imaging Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Aimin Yan
- Advanced Medical Imaging Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Laurie. L. Fajardo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Xizeng Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Advanced Medical Imaging Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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9
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Johnson AS, Conesa JV, Vidas L, Perez-Salinas D, Günther CM, Pfau B, Hallman KA, Haglund RF, Eisebitt S, Wall S. Quantitative hyperspectral coherent diffractive imaging spectroscopy of a solid-state phase transition in vanadium dioxide. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf1386. [PMID: 34380611 PMCID: PMC8357230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state systems can host a variety of thermodynamic phases that can be controlled with magnetic fields, strain, or laser excitation. Many phases that are believed to exhibit exotic properties only exist on the nanoscale, coexisting with other phases that make them challenging to study, as measurements require both nanometer spatial resolution and spectroscopic information, which are not easily accessible with traditional x-ray spectromicroscopy techniques. Here, we use coherent diffractive imaging spectroscopy (CDIS) to acquire quantitative hyperspectral images of the prototypical quantum material vanadium oxide across the vanadium L 2,3 and oxygen K x-ray absorption edges with nanometer-scale resolution. We extract the full complex refractive indices of the monoclinic insulating and rutile conducting phases of VO2 from a single sample and find no evidence for correlation-driven phase transitions. CDIS will enable quantitative full-field x-ray spectromicroscopy for studying phase separation in time-resolved experiments and other extreme sample environments where other methods cannot operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan S Johnson
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Valls Conesa
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana Vidas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Perez-Salinas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian M Günther
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kent A Hallman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1807, USA
| | - Richard F Haglund
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1807, USA
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Wall
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Zheng M, Yang T, Liu D, Sun L, Lv W, Li Y, Liu Y, Hu C. Comparison of microstructural imaging of the root canal isthmus using propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast and absorption micro-computed tomography. J Microsc 2021; 284:74-82. [PMID: 34143441 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clear and complete microstructural imaging of the root canal isthmus is an important part of pathological investigations in research and clinical practice. X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a widely used non-destructive imaging technique, which allows for distortion-free three-dimensional (3D) visualisation. While absorption μCT typically has poor contrast resolution for observing the root canal isthmus, especially for weak-absorbing tissues, propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging (PBI) is a powerful imaging method, which in its combination with μCT (PB-PCμCT) enables high-resolution and high-contrast microstructural imaging of the weak-absorbing tissues in samples. To investigate the feasibility and ability of PB-PCμCT in microstructural imaging of the root canal isthmus, conventional absorption μCT and PB-PCμCT experiments were performed. The two-dimensional (2D) and 3D comparison results demonstrated that, compared to absorption μCT, PB-PCμCT has the ability to image the root canal isthmus more clearly and completely, and thus, it has great potential to serve as a valuable tool for biomedical and preclinical studies on the root canal isthmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Central of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fifth Central of Tianjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Ji D, Lv W, Xin X, Zhao X, Liu D, Ouyang Z, Hu C. Sparse-domain regularized stripe decomposition combined with guided-image filtering for ring artifact removal in propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast CT. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 33878737 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abf9de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PB-PCCT) images often suffer from severe ring artifacts. Ring artifacts are mainly caused by the nonuniform response of detector elements, and they can degrade image quality and affect the subsequent image processing and quantitative analyses. To remove ring artifacts in PB-PCCT images, a novel method combined sparse-domain regularized stripe decomposition (SDRSD) method with guided image filtering (GIF) was proposed. In this method, polar coordinate transformation was utilized to convert the ring artifacts to stripe artifacts. And then considering the directional and sparse properties of the stripe artifacts and the continuity characteristics of the sample, the SDRSD method was designed to remove stripe artifacts. However, for the SDRSD method, the presence of noise may destroy the edges of the stripe artifacts and lead to incomplete decomposition. Hence, a simple and efficient smoothing technique, namely GIF, was employed to overcome this issue. The simulations and real experiments demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively remove ring artifacts as well as preserve the structures and edges of the samples. In conclusion, the proposed method can serve as an effective tool to remove ring artifacts in PB-PCCT images, and it has high potential for promoting the biomedical and preclinical applications of PB-PCCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjiang Ji
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguang Ouyang
- Tianjin Medical University School of Stomatology, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
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12
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X-ray Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography for Soft Tissue Imaging at the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) is a superconducting multipole wiggler-based beamline at the 3 GeV Australian Synchrotron operated by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). The beamline delivers hard X-rays in the 25–120 keV energy range and offers the potential for a range of biomedical X-ray applications, including radiotherapy and medical imaging experiments. One of the imaging modalities available at IMBL is propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCT). PCT produces superior results when imaging low-density materials such as soft tissue (e.g., breast mastectomies) and has the potential to be developed into a valuable medical imaging tool. We anticipate that PCT will be utilized for medical breast imaging in the near future with the advantage that it could provide better contrast than conventional X-ray absorption imaging. The unique properties of synchrotron X-ray sources such as high coherence, energy tunability, and high brightness are particularly well-suited for generating PCT data using very short exposure times on the order of less than 1 min. The coherence of synchrotron radiation allows for phase-contrast imaging with superior sensitivity to small differences in soft-tissue density. Here we also compare the results of PCT using two different detectors, as these unique source characteristics need to be complemented with a highly efficient detector. Moreover, the application of phase retrieval for PCT image reconstruction enables the use of noisier images, potentially significantly reducing the total dose received by patients during acquisition. This work is part of ongoing research into innovative tomographic methods aimed at the introduction of 3D X-ray medical imaging at the IMBL to improve the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Major progress in this area at the IMBL includes the characterization of a large number of mastectomy samples, both normal and cancerous, which have been scanned at clinically acceptable radiation dose levels and evaluated by expert radiologists with respect to both image quality and cancer diagnosis.
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Lwin TT, Yoneyama A, Maruyama H, Takeda T. Visualization Ability of Phase-Contrast Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Imaging Using an X-Ray Interferometer in Soft Tissue Tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211010121. [PMID: 33896273 PMCID: PMC8085371 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer provides high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, and it has the ability to depict the fine morphological structures of biological soft tissues, including tumors. In this study, we quantitatively compared phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images and images of histopathological hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of spontaneously occurring rat testicular tumors that contained different types of cells. The absolute densities measured on the phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images correlated well with the densities of the nuclear chromatin in the histological images, thereby demonstrating the ability of phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer to reliably identify the characteristics of cancer cells within solid soft tissue tumors. In addition, 3-dimensional synchrotron-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography enables screening for different structures within tumors, such as solid, cystic, and fibrous tissues, and blood clots, from any direction and with a spatial resolution down to 26 μm. Thus, phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer shows potential for being useful in preclinical cancer research by providing the ability to depict the characteristics of tumor cells and by offering 3-dimensional information capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thet-Thet Lwin
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Maruyama
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohoru Takeda
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Zhou H, Stoykova E, Hussain M, Banerjee PP. Performance analysis of phase retrieval using transport of intensity with digital holography [Invited]. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:A73-A83. [PMID: 33690356 DOI: 10.1364/ao.404390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of direct and unwrapped phase retrieval, which combines digital holography with the transport of intensity, is examined in detail in this paper. In this technique, digital holography is used to numerically reconstruct the intensities at different planes around the image plane, and phase retrieval is achieved by the transport of intensity. Digital holography with transport of intensity is examined for inline and off-axis geometries. The effect of twin images in the inline case is evaluated. Phase-shifting digital holography with transport of intensity is introduced. The performance of digital holography with transport of intensity is compared with traditional off-axis single- and dual-wavelength techniques, which employ standard phase unwrapping algorithms. Simulations and experiments are performed to determine and compare the accuracy of phase retrieval through a mean-squared-error figure of merit as well as the computational speeds of the various methods.
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15
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Vila-Comamala J, Romano L, Jefimovs K, Dejea H, Bonnin A, Cook AC, Planinc I, Cikes M, Wang Z, Stampanoni M. High sensitivity X-ray phase contrast imaging by laboratory grating-based interferometry at high Talbot order geometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2049-2064. [PMID: 33726406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast imaging is a powerful analysis technique for materials science and biomedicine. Here, we report on laboratory grating-based X-ray interferometry employing a microfocus X-ray source and a high Talbot order (35th) asymmetric geometry to achieve high angular sensitivity and high spatial resolution X-ray phase contrast imaging in a compact system (total length <1 m). The detection of very small refractive angles (∼50 nrad) at an interferometer design energy of 19 keV was enabled by combining small period X-ray gratings (1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 µm) and a single-photon counting X-ray detector (75 µm pixel size). The performance of the X-ray interferometer was fully characterized in terms of angular sensitivity and spatial resolution. Finally, the potential of laboratory X-ray phase contrast for biomedical imaging is demonstrated by obtaining high resolution X-ray phase tomographies of a mouse embryo embedded in solid paraffin and a formalin-fixed full-thickness sample of human left ventricle in water with a spatial resolution of 21.5 µm.
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16
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Gureyev TE, Paganin DM, Arhatari B, Taba ST, Lewis S, Brennan PC, Quiney HM. Dark-field signal extraction in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:215029. [PMID: 32756030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abac9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A method for extracting the dark-field signal in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging is proposed. In the case of objects consisting predominantly of a single material, or several different materials with similar ratios of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, the proposed method requires a single image for extraction of the dark-field signal in two-dimensional projection imaging. In the case of three-dimensional tomographic imaging, the method needs only one image to be collected at each projection angle. Initial examples using simulated and experimental data indicate that this method can improve visualization of small sharp features inside a larger object, e.g. the visualization of microcalcifications in propagation-based x-ray breast cancer imaging. It is suggested that the proposed approach may be useful in other forms of biomedical imaging, where it can help one to obtain additional small-angle scattering information without increasing the radiation dose to the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Gureyev
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia. Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe 2141, Australia. School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale 2351, Australia
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17
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Favre-Nicolin V, Girard G, Leake S, Carnis J, Chushkin Y, Kieffer J, Paleo P, Richard MI. PyNX: high-performance computing toolkit for coherent X-ray imaging based on operators. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720010985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The open-source PyNX toolkit has been extended to provide tools for coherent X-ray imaging data analysis and simulation. All calculations can be executed on graphical processing units (GPUs) to achieve high-performance computing speeds. The toolkit can be used for coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), ptychography and wavefront propagation, in the far- or near-field regime. Moreover, all imaging operations (propagation, projections, algorithm cycles…) can be implemented in Python as simple mathematical operators, an approach which can be used to easily combine basic algorithms in a tailored chain. Calculations can also be distributed to multiple GPUs, e.g. for large ptychography data sets. Command-line scripts are available for on-line CDI and ptychography analysis, either from raw beamline data sets or using the coherent X-ray imaging data format.
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18
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Wang Z, Wei GX, Ge XL, Liu HQ, Wang BY. High-resolution quantitative phase imaging based on a spatial light modulator and incremental binary random sampling. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:6148-6154. [PMID: 32672762 DOI: 10.1364/ao.393158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single-beam high-resolution quantitative phase imaging method based on a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an incremental binary random sampling (IBRS) algorithm. In this method, the image of the test object presents on the image sensor through an optical microscopy system composed of an objective lens and a collimating lens. A transmittance SLM displaying a group of well-designed IBRS patterns is inserted in the optical microscopy system to modulate the object wavefront. The phase information of the object image can be quantitatively retrieved from the recorded intensities using the IBRS algorithm and the amplitude obtained directly from the diffraction intensity. The IBRS algorithm employed in our method has higher accuracy for phase retrieval compared with our previously proposed complementary random sampling algorithm, which is confirmed by simulations. Further, we demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of our method through several examples: phase imaging of immersion oil droplets with a diffraction-limited lateral resolution of 1.54 µm and a few microbiological specimens with 0.70 µm. Experimental results reveal that our proposed method provides a feasible single-beam technique for quantitative phase imaging with a high spatial resolution.
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19
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Sun J, Tian L, Zuo C. On a universal solution to the transport-of-intensity equation. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3649-3652. [PMID: 32630921 DOI: 10.1364/ol.391823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) is one of the most well-known approaches for phase retrieval and quantitative phase imaging. It directly recovers the quantitative phase distribution of an optical field by through-focus intensity measurements in a non-interferometric, deterministic manner. Nevertheless, the accuracy and validity of state-of-the-art TIE solvers depend on restrictive pre-knowledge or assumptions, including appropriate boundary conditions, a well-defined closed region, and quasi-uniform in-focus intensity distribution, which, however, cannot be strictly satisfied simultaneously under practical experimental conditions. In this Letter, we propose a universal solution to TIE with the advantages of high accuracy, convergence guarantee, applicability to arbitrarily shaped regions, and simplified implementation and computation. With the "maximum intensity assumption," we first simplify TIE as a standard Poisson equation to get an initial guess of the solution. Then the initial solution is further refined iteratively by solving the same Poisson equation, and thus the instability associated with the division by zero/small intensity values and large intensity variations can be effectively bypassed. Simulations and experiments with arbitrary phase, arbitrary aperture shapes, and nonuniform intensity distributions verify the effectiveness and universality of the proposed method.
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20
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Morgan AJ, Quiney HM, Bajt S, Chapman HN. Ptychographic X-ray speckle tracking. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:760-780. [PMID: 32684891 PMCID: PMC7312131 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720005567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A method is presented for the measurement of the phase gradient of a wavefront by tracking the relative motion of speckles in projection holograms as a sample is scanned across the wavefront. By removing the need to obtain an undistorted reference image of the sample, this method is suitable for the metrology of highly divergent wavefields. Such wavefields allow for large magnification factors that, according to current imaging capabilities, will allow for nanoradian angular sensitivity and nanoscale sample projection imaging. Both the reconstruction algorithm and the imaging geometry are nearly identical to that of ptychography, except that the sample is placed downstream of the beam focus and that no coherent propagation is explicitly accounted for. Like other X-ray speckle tracking methods, it is robust to low-coherence X-ray sources, making it suitable for laboratory-based X-ray sources. Likewise, it is robust to errors in the registered sample positions, making it suitable for X-ray free-electron laser facilities, where beam-pointing fluctuations can be problematic for wavefront metrology. A modified form of the speckle tracking approximation is also presented, based on a second-order local expansion of the Fresnel integral. This result extends the validity of the speckle tracking approximation and may be useful for similar approaches in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Morgan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harry M. Quiney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Saša Bajt
- DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry N. Chapman
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Barbone GE, Bravin A, Mittone A, Kraiger MJ, Hrabě de Angelis M, Bossi M, Ballarini E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Ceresa C, Cavaletti G, Coan P. Establishing sample-preparation protocols for X-ray phase-contrast CT of rodent spinal cords: Aldehyde fixations and osmium impregnation. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Wang F, Eljarrat A, Müller J, Henninen TR, Erni R, Koch CT. Multi-resolution convolutional neural networks for inverse problems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5730. [PMID: 32235861 PMCID: PMC7109091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse problems in image processing, phase imaging, and computer vision often share the same structure of mapping input image(s) to output image(s) but are usually solved by different application-specific algorithms. Deep convolutional neural networks have shown great potential for highly variable tasks across many image-based domains, but sometimes can be challenging to train due to their internal non-linearity. We propose a novel, fast-converging neural network architecture capable of solving generic image(s)-to-image(s) inverse problems relevant to a diverse set of domains. We show this approach is useful in recovering wavefronts from direct intensity measurements, imaging objects from diffusely reflected images, and denoising scanning transmission electron microscopy images, just by using different training datasets. These successful applications demonstrate the proposed network to be an ideal candidate solving general inverse problems falling into the category of image(s)-to-image(s) translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland. .,Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alberto Eljarrat
- Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Trond R Henninen
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Koch
- Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Yoneyama A, Lwin TT, Kawamoto M. Fast diffraction-enhanced imaging using continuous sample rotation and analyzer crystal scanning. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:468-471. [PMID: 32153286 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519016795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) has high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range of density and thus can be used for fine imaging of biological and organic samples that include large differences in density. A fast DEI method composed of continuous fast sample rotations and slow analyzer crystal scanning was developed to shorten the measurement period. Fine sectional images of a biological sample were successfully obtained within a half measurement period of the conventional step-scanning method while keeping the same exposure time. In addition, a fine three-dimensional image of a rat tail was obtained with a 375 s measurement period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yoneyama
- SAGA Light Source, 8-7 Yayoigaoka, Tosu, Saga 841-0005, Japan
| | - Thet Thet Lwin
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamiharashi, Kanagawaken 252-0373, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Under the JST-ERATO project in progress to develop X-ray and neutron phase-imaging methods together, recent achievements have been selected and reviewed after describing the merit and the principle of the phase imaging method. For X-ray phase imaging, recent developments of four-dimensional phase tomography and phase microscopy at SPring-8, Japan are mainly presented. For neutron phase imaging, an approach in combination with the time-of-flight method developed at J-PARC, Japan is described with the description of new Gd grating fabrication.
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25
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Zhao Y, Ji D, Li Y, Zhao X, Lv W, Xin X, Han S, Hu C. Three-dimensional visualization of microvasculature from few-projection data using a novel CT reconstruction algorithm for propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:364-387. [PMID: 32010522 PMCID: PMC6968748 DOI: 10.1364/boe.380084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging (PBI) is a powerful nondestructive imaging technique that can reveal the internal detailed structures in weakly absorbing samples. Extending PBI to CT (PBCT) enables high-resolution and high-contrast 3D visualization of microvasculature, which can be used for the understanding, diagnosis and therapy of diseases involving vasculopathy, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and tumor. However, the long scan time for PBCT impedes its wider use in biomedical and preclinical microvascular studies. To address this issue, a novel CT reconstruction algorithm for PBCT is presented that aims at shortening the scan time for microvascular samples by reducing the number of projections while maintaining the high quality of reconstructed images. The proposed algorithm combines the filtered backprojection method into the iterative reconstruction framework, and a weighted guided image filtering approach (WGIF) is utilized to optimize the intermediate reconstructed images. Notably, the homogeneity assumption on the microvasculature sample is adopted as prior knowledge, and therefore, a prior image of microvasculature structures can be acquired by a k-means clustering approach. Then, the prior image is used as the guided image in the WGIF procedure to effectively suppress streaking artifacts and preserve microvasculature structures. To evaluate the effectiveness and capability of the proposed algorithm, simulation experiments on 3D microvasculature numerical phantom and real experiments with CT reconstruction on the microvasculature sample are performed. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can, under noise-free and noisy conditions, significantly reduce the artifacts and effectively preserve the microvasculature structures on the reconstructed images and thus enables it to be used for clear and accurate 3D visualization of microvasculature from few-projection data. Therefore, for 3D visualization of microvasculature, the proposed algorithm can be considered an effective approach for reducing the scan time required by PBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dongjiang Ji
- The School of Science, Tianjin University
of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yimin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship
Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaohong Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuo Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and
Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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26
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Feldman S, Raz E, Lipson SG. Phase-retrieval method for measuring small contact angles of pentane on water. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:8577-8582. [PMID: 31873342 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.008577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pentane drops on a water surface are predicted to have contact angles of the order of 1 degree or less in the phase of frustrated complete wetting. We have developed an optical method of measuring such small contact angles, applicable to cases where the refractive indices of the substrate and adsorbate are very similar and the fluid dynamics do not allow delay between image acquisitions, by using phase retrieval to map the surface profile of the drops. It is empirically shown that, with our method, a difference of nanometer order can be achieved for the phase-retrieved dimensions relative to their expected value. Results agree with numerical predictions by Weiss and Widom [Physica A292, 137 (2001)PHYADX0378-437110.1016/S0378-4371(00)00619-1].
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27
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Fu J, Dong J, Zhao F. A Deep Learning Reconstruction Framework for Differential Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography With Incomplete Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING SOCIETY 2019; 29:2190-2202. [PMID: 31647435 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2019.2947790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Differential phase-contrast computed tomography (DPC-CT) is a powerful analysis tool for soft-tissue and low-atomic-number samples. Limited by the implementation conditions, DPC-CT with incomplete projections happens quite often. Conventional reconstruction algorithms face difficulty when given incomplete data. They usually involve complicated parameter selection operations, which are also sensitive to noise and are time-consuming. In this paper, we report a new deep learning reconstruction framework for incomplete data DPC-CT. It involves the tight coupling of the deep learning neural network and DPC-CT reconstruction algorithm in the domain of DPC projection sinograms. The estimated result is not an artifact caused by the incomplete data, but a complete phase-contrast projection sinogram. After training, this framework is determined and can be used to reconstruct the final DPC-CT images for a given incomplete projection sinogram. Taking the sparse-view, limited-view and missing-view DPC-CT as examples, this framework is validated and demonstrated with synthetic and experimental data sets. Compared with other methods, our framework can achieve the best imaging quality at a faster speed and with fewer parameters. This work supports the application of the state-of-the-art deep learning theory in the field of DPC-CT.
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28
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Wang C, Fu Q, Dun X, Heidrich W. Quantitative Phase and Intensity Microscopy Using Snapshot White Light Wavefront Sensing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13795. [PMID: 31551461 PMCID: PMC6760235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase imaging techniques are an invaluable tool in microscopy for quickly examining thin transparent specimens. Existing methods are limited to either simple and inexpensive methods that produce only qualitative phase information (e.g. phase contrast microscopy, DIC), or significantly more elaborate and expensive quantitative methods. Here we demonstrate a low-cost, easy to implement microscopy setup for quantitative imaging of phase and bright field amplitude using collimated white light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congli Wang
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiong Dun
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wolfgang Heidrich
- Visual Computing Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Jafarnejad M, Ismail AZ, Duarte D, Vyas C, Ghahramani A, Zawieja DC, Lo Celso C, Poologasundarampillai G, Moore JE. Quantification of the Whole Lymph Node Vasculature Based on Tomography of the Vessel Corrosion Casts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13380. [PMID: 31527597 PMCID: PMC6746739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LN) are crucial for immune function, and comprise an important interface between the blood and lymphatic systems. Blood vessels (BV) in LN are highly specialized, featuring high endothelial venules across which most of the resident lymphocytes crossed. Previous measurements of overall lymph and BV flow rates demonstrated that fluid also crosses BV walls, and that this is important for immune function. However, the spatial distribution of the BV in LN has not been quantified to the degree necessary to analyse the distribution of transmural fluid movement. In this study, we seek to quantify the spatial localization of LNBV, and to predict fluid movement across BV walls. MicroCT imaging of murine popliteal LN showed that capillaries were responsible for approximately 75% of the BV wall surface area, and that this was mostly distributed around the periphery of the node. We then modelled blood flow through the BV to obtain spatially resolved hydrostatic pressures, which were then combined with Starling’s law to predict transmural flow. Much of the total 10 nL/min transmural flow (under normal conditions) was concentrated in the periphery, corresponding closely with surface area distribution. These results provide important insights into the inner workings of LN, and provide a basis for further exploration of the role of LN flow patterns in normal and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - A Z Ismail
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - D Duarte
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Vyas
- The School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A Ghahramani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - D C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504, USA
| | - C Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - J E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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30
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Bunsen M, Tateyama S. Detection method for the complex amplitude of a signal beam with intensity and phase modulation using the transport of intensity equation for holographic data storage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:24029-24042. [PMID: 31510298 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Holographic data storage (HDS), in which both the amplitude and the phase of a signal beam are modulated, has been extensively studied with the goal of increasing its storage capacity. To detect such modulation during data retrieval, it is necessary to acquire the complex amplitude of the signal beam. In this study, we focus on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) method, which allows us to detect the phase distribution of the light wave quantitatively without using interferometry, contributing to miniaturization of the optical system and improvement of the vibration tolerance of HDS. We discuss the conditions of the modulation phase distribution of the signal beam required for accurate phase detection and propose a method to estimate and eliminate the noise that frequently appears in the phase distribution detected by the TIE method.
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31
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Zhao Y, Ji D, Chen Y, Jian J, Zhao X, Zhao Q, Lv W, Xin X, Yang T, Hu C. A new in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography reconstruction algorithm based on adaptive-weighted anisotropic TpV regularization for insufficient data. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1330-1342. [PMID: 31274462 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (IL-PCCT) is a valuable tool for revealing the internal detailed structures in weakly absorbing objects (e.g. biological soft tissues), and has a great potential to become clinically applicable. However, the long scanning time for IL-PCCT will result in a high radiation dose to biological samples, and thus impede the wider use of IL-PCCT in clinical and biomedical imaging. To alleviate this problem, a new iterative CT reconstruction algorithm is presented that aims to decrease the radiation dose by reducing the projection views, while maintaining the high quality of reconstructed images. The proposed algorithm combines the adaptive-weighted anisotropic total p-variation (AwaTpV, 0 < p < 1) regularization technique with projection onto convex sets (POCS) strategy. Noteworthy, the AwaTpV regularization term not only contains the horizontal and vertical image gradients but also adds the diagonal image gradients in order to enforce the directional continuity in the gradient domain. To evaluate the effectiveness and ability of the proposed algorithm, experiments with a numerical phantom and synchrotron IL-PCCT were performed, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm had the ability to significantly reduce the artefacts caused by insufficient data and effectively preserved the edge details under noise-free and noisy conditions, and thus could be used as an effective approach to decrease the radiation dose for IL-PCCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjiang Ji
- The School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingpin Chen
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Minnan Normal University, 363000 Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Jian
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
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32
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Hall C, Lewis R. Synchrotron radiation biomedical imaging and radiotherapy: from the UK to the Antipodes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180240. [PMID: 31030651 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the general public might think of 'X-rays' as they are applied to imaging (radiography) and for the treatment of disease (radiotherapy), the use of synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray beams in these areas of science was a minor activity 50 years ago. The largest gains in science from SR were seen to be in those areas where signals were weakest in laboratory instruments, such as X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy. As the qualities of SR X-rays were explored and more areas of science adopted SR-based methods, this situation changed. About 30 years ago, the clinical advantages of using SR X-ray beams for radiography, radiotherapy and clinical diagnostics started to be investigated. In the UK, a multi-disciplinary group, consisting of clinicians, medical physicists and other scientists working mainly with the Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) in Cheshire, started to investigate techniques for diagnosis and potentially a cure for certain cancers. This preliminary work influenced the design of new facilities being constructed around the world, in particular the Imaging and Medical Beam Line on the Australian Synchrotron in Melbourne. Two authors moved from the UK to Australia to participate in this exciting venture. The following is a personal view of some of the highlights of the early-year SRS work, following through to the current activities on the new facility in Australia. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of synchrotron science: achievements and opportunities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hall
- 1 ANSTO Australian Synchrotron , Clayton, Victoria 3168 , Australia
- 3 Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3600 , Australia
| | - Robert Lewis
- 2 Scott Automation , Tullamarine, Victoria 3043 , Australia
- 3 Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3600 , Australia
- 4 Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
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33
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Töpperwien M, Markus A, Alves F, Salditt T. Contrast enhancement for visualizing neuronal cytoarchitecture by propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography. Neuroimage 2019; 199:70-80. [PMID: 31129306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the three-dimensional (3d) neuronal cytoarchitecture is an important factor in order to understand the connection between tissue structure and function or to visualize pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases or tumor development. The gold standard in neuropathology is histology, a technique which provides insights into the cellular organization based on sectioning of the sample. Conventional histology, however, misses the complete 3d information as only individual two-dimensional slices through the object are available. In this work, we use propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray tomography to perform 3d virtual histology on cerebellar tissue from mice. This technique enables us to non-invasively visualize the entire 3d density distribution of the examined samples at isotropic (sub-)cellular resolution. One central challenge, however, of the technique is the fact that contrast for important structural features can be easily lost due to small electron density differences, notably between the cells and surrounding tissue. Here, we evaluate the influence of different embedding media, which are intermediate steps in sample preparation for classical histology, on contrast formation and examine the applicability of the different sample preparations both at a synchrotron-based holotomography setup as well as a laboratory source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Töpperwien
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Germany.
| | - Andrea Markus
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Germany.
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34
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Fus F, Yang Y, Pacureanu A, Bohic S, Cloetens P. Unsupervised solution for in-line holography phase retrieval using Bayesian inference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32847-32865. [PMID: 30645446 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In propagation based phase contrast imaging, intensity patterns are recorded on a x-ray detector at one or multiple propagation distances, called in-line holograms. They form the input of an inversion algorithm that aims at retrieving the phase shift induced by the object. The problem of phase retrieval in in-line holography is an ill-posed inverse problem. Consequently an adequate solution requires some form of regularization with the most commonly applied being the classical Tikhonov regularization. While generally satisfying this method suffers from a few issues such as the choice of the regularization parameter. Here, we offer an alternative to the established method by applying the principles of Bayesian inference. We construct an iterative optimization algorithm capable of both retrieving the unknown phase and determining a multi-dimensional regularization parameter. In the end, we highlight the advantages of the introduced algorithm, chief among them being the unsupervised determination of the regularization parameter(s). The proposed approach is tested on both simulated and experimental data and is found to provide robust solutions, with improved response to typical issues like low frequency noise and the twin-image problem.
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35
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Zhao Y, Sun M, Ji D, Cong C, Lv W, Zhao Q, Qin L, Jian J, Chen X, Hu C. An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1450-1459. [PMID: 30179185 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518009219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (IL-PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low-Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable. Typically, IL-PCCT utilizes filtered back-projection (FBP) as the standard reconstruction algorithm. However, the FBP algorithm requires a large amount of projection data, and subsequently a large radiation dose is needed to reconstruct a high-quality image, which hampers its clinical application in IL-PCCT. In this study, an iterative reconstruction algorithm for IL-PCCT was proposed by combining the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with eight-neighbour forward and backward (FAB8) diffusion filtering, and the reconstruction was performed using the Shepp-Logan phantom simulation and a real synchrotron IL-PCCT experiment. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to produce high-quality computed tomography images from few-view projections while improving the convergence rate of the computed tomography reconstruction, indicating that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of dose reduction for IL-PCCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjiang Ji
- The School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Cong
- The Dental Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Qin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Jian
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
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36
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Hauke C, Anton G, Hellbach K, Leghissa M, Meinel FG, Mertelmeier T, Michel T, Radicke M, Sutter SM, Weber T, Ritschl L. Enhanced reconstruction algorithm for moiré artifact suppression in Talbot–Lau x-ray imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:135018. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aacb07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Wu Z, Gao K, Wang Z, Wei C, Wali F, Zan G, Wei W, Zhu P, Tian Y. Direct information retrieval after 3D reconstruction in grating-based X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1222-1228. [PMID: 29979185 PMCID: PMC6038613 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grating-based X-ray differential phase-contrast imaging has attracted a great amount of attention and has been considered as a potential imaging method in clinical medicine because of its compatibility with the traditional X-ray tube source and the possibility of a large field of view. Moreover, phase-contrast computed tomography provides three-dimensional phase-contrast visualization. Generally, two-dimensional information retrieval performed on every projection is required prior to three-dimensional reconstruction in phase-contrast computed tomography. In this paper, a three-dimensional information retrieval method to separate absorption and phase information directly from two reconstructed images is derived. Theoretical derivations together with numerical simulations have been performed to confirm the feasibility and veracity of the proposed method. The advantages and limitations compared with the reverse projection method are also discussed. Owing to the reduced data size and the absence of a logarithm operation, the computational time for information retrieval is shortened by the proposed method. In addition, the hybrid three-dimensional images of absorption and phase information were reconstructed using an absorption reconstruction algorithm, hence the existing data pre-processing methods and iterative reconstruction algorithms in absorption reconstruction may be utilized in phase reconstruction immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhili Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Faiz Wali
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guibin Zan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiping Zhu
- Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangchao Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
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38
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39
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Fang J, Savransky D. Amplitude and phase retrieval with simultaneous diversity estimation using expectation maximization. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:293-300. [PMID: 29400878 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iterative amplitude and phase retrieval algorithms have been proven to accurately reconstruct arbitrary wavefronts from multiple intensity measurements when system parameters are known exactly, given the ability to induce phase diversity between images. Such sets of intensity images with phase diversity can be generated by moving a lens in the optical system, but any position error on the lens will degenerate the reconstruction result. We demonstrate the use of an expectation-maximization algorithm with Kalman smoothing for recovering both the complex field and the lens position from a stack of intensity images. Our method successfully reduces the mean-squared-error of the estimated wavefront in comparison to an approach without position error estimation. We present and discuss the results of using a Kalman smoother and nonlinear least-squares optimization for the estimation of the moving lens position.
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40
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Chakraborty T, Petruccelli JC. Optical convolution for quantitative phase retrieval using the transport of intensity equation. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:A134-A141. [PMID: 29328138 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.00a134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Propagation-based phase imaging using the transport of intensity equation (TIE) allows rapid, deterministic phase retrieval from defocused images. However, computational solutions to the TIE suffer from significant low-frequency noise artifacts and are unique up to the application of boundary conditions on the phase. We demonstrate that quantitative phase can be imaged directly at the detector for a class of pure-phase samples by appropriately patterning the illumination to solve the TIE through an optical convolution with the source. This can reduce noise artifacts, obviates the need for user-supplied boundary conditions and is demonstrated via simulation and experiment.
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41
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Balyan M, Haroutunyan L. X-ray Fourier transform holography by amplitude-division-type Fresnel zone plate interferometer. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:241-247. [PMID: 29271773 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517015454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A two-block X-ray Fresnel zone plate system forms two-beams - a plane wave and a spherical wave - which interfere at the focal distance of the virtual source of the spherical wave. An object placed in the path of the plane wave forms an object wave and the spherical wave is the reference wave. The recorded intensity distribution is the Fourier transform hologram of the object. Analytical and numerical calculations show the possibilities of this scheme to record the hologram and reconstruct the object image. Examples of recording holograms of a one-dimensional cosine-like grating and a two-dimensional grid object as well as reconstruction of the images are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Balyan
- Faculty of Physics, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Levon Haroutunyan
- Faculty of Physics, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
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42
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Trost F, Hahn S, Müller Y, Gasilov S, Hofmann R, Baumbach T. Fresnel diffractograms from pure-phase wave fields under perfect spatio-temporal coherence: Non-linear/non-local aspects and far-field behavior. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17706. [PMID: 29255187 PMCID: PMC5735127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the diffractogram, that is, the Fourier transform of the intensity contrast induced by Fresnel free-space propagation of a given (exit) wave field, was investigated non-perturbatively in the phase-scaling factor S (controlling the strength of phase variation) for the special case of a Gaussian phase of width [Formula: see text]. Surprisingly, an additional low-frequency zero σ* = σ*(S, F) >0 emerges critically at small Fresnel number F (σ proportional to square of 2D spatial frequency). Here, we study the S-scaling behavior of the entire diffractogram. We identify a valley of maximum S-scaling linearity in the F - σ plane corresponding to a nearly universal physical frequency ξml = (0:143 ± 0.001)w -1/2. Large values of F (near field) are shown to imply S-scaling linearity for low σ but nowhere else (overdamped non-oscillatory). In contrast, small F values (far field) entail distinct, sizable s-bands of good S-scaling linearity (damped oscillatory). These bands also occur in simulated diffractograms induced by a complex phase map (Lena). The transition from damped oscillatory to overdamped non-oscillatory diffractograms is shown to be a critical phenomenon for the Gaussian case. We also give evidence for the occurrence of this transition in an X-ray imaging experiment. Finally, we show that the extreme far-field limit generates a σ-universal diffractogram under certain requirements on the phase map: information on phase shape then is solely encoded in S-scaling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trost
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Hahn
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Müller
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Gasilov
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1,, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - R Hofmann
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1,, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - T Baumbach
- Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1,, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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43
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Weber L, Hänsch A, Wolfram U, Pacureanu A, Cloetens P, Peyrin F, Rit S, Langer M. Registration of phase-contrast images in propagation-based X-ray phase tomography. J Microsc 2017; 269:36-47. [PMID: 28815603 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
X-ray phase tomography aims at reconstructing the 3D electron density distribution of an object. It offers enhanced sensitivity compared to attenuation-based X-ray absorption tomography. In propagation-based methods, phase contrast is achieved by letting the beam propagate after interaction with the object. The phase shift is then retrieved at each projection angle, and subsequently used in tomographic reconstruction to obtain the refractive index decrement distribution, which is proportional to the electron density. Accurate phase retrieval is achieved by combining images at different propagation distances. For reconstructions of good quality, the phase-contrast images recorded at different distances need to be accurately aligned. In this work, we characterise the artefacts related to misalignment of the phase-contrast images, and investigate the use of different registration algorithms for aligning in-line phase-contrast images. The characterisation of artefacts is done by a simulation study and comparison with experimental data. Loss in resolution due to vibrations is found to be comparable to attenuation-based computed tomography. Further, it is shown that registration of phase-contrast images is nontrivial due to the difference in contrast between the different images, and the often periodical artefacts present in the phase-contrast images if multilayer X-ray optics are used. To address this, we compared two registration algorithms for aligning phase-contrast images acquired by magnified X-ray nanotomography: one based on cross-correlation and one based on mutual information. We found that the mutual information-based registration algorithm was more robust than a correlation-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weber
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Lyon, France.,ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.,Currently at Centre Jean Perrin, Service de Physique Médicale, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Hänsch
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Lyon, France
| | - U Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Pacureanu
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - P Cloetens
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - F Peyrin
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Lyon, France.,ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - S Rit
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Lyon, France
| | - M Langer
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Lyon, France
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44
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Phase retrieval with the reverse projection method in the presence of object's scattering. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Identification of ginseng root using quantitative X-ray microtomography. J Ginseng Res 2017; 41:290-297. [PMID: 28701869 PMCID: PMC5489746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of X-ray phase-contrast microtomography for the investigation of Chinese medicinal materials is advantageous for its nondestructive, in situ, and three-dimensional quantitative imaging properties. METHODS The X-ray phase-contrast microtomography quantitative imaging method was used to investigate the microstructure of ginseng, and the phase-retrieval method is also employed to process the experimental data. Four different ginseng samples were collected and investigated; these were classified according to their species, production area, and sample growth pattern. RESULTS The quantitative internal characteristic microstructures of ginseng were extracted successfully. The size and position distributions of the calcium oxalate cluster crystals (COCCs), important secondary metabolites that accumulate in ginseng, are revealed by the three-dimensional quantitative imaging method. The volume and amount of the COCCs in different species of the ginseng are obtained by a quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional microstructures, which shows obvious difference among the four species of ginseng. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide evidence of the distribution characteristics of COCCs to identify four types of ginseng, with regard to species authentication and age identification, by X-ray phase-contrast microtomography quantitative imaging. This method is also expected to reveal important relationships between COCCs and the occurrence of the effective medicinal components of ginseng.
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Olbinado MP, Just X, Gelet JL, Lhuissier P, Scheel M, Vagovic P, Sato T, Graceffa R, Schulz J, Mancuso A, Morse J, Rack A. MHz frame rate hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging using synchrotron radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:13857-13871. [PMID: 28788829 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.013857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Third generation synchrotron light sources offer high photon flux, partial spatial coherence, and ~10-10 s pulse widths. These enable hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) with single-bunch temporal resolutions. In this work, we exploited the MHz repetition rates of synchrotron X-ray pulses combined with indirect X-ray detection to demonstrate the potential of XPCI with millions of frames per second multiple-frame recording. This allows for the visualization of aperiodic or stochastic transient processes which are impossible to be realized using single-shot or stroboscopic XPCI. We present observations of various phenomena, such as crack tip propagation in glass, shock wave propagation in water and explosion during electric arc ignition, which evolve in the order of km/s (µm/ns).
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Chakraborty T, Petruccelli JC. Source diversity for transport of intensity phase imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9122-9137. [PMID: 28437987 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transport of intensity equation (TIE) is a phase retrieval method that relies on measurements of the intensity of a paraxial field under propagation between two or more closely spaced planes. A limitation of TIE is its susceptibility to low frequency noise artifacts in the reconstructed phase. Under Köhler illumination, when both illumination power and exposure time are limited, the use of larger sources can improve low-frequency performance although it introduces blurring. Appropriately combining intensity measurements taken with a diversity of source sizes can improve both low- and high-frequency performance in phase reconstruction.
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Huang H, Kozioziemski BJ, Stephens RB, Nikroo A, Eddinger SA, Chen KC, Xu HW, Moreno KA. Quantitative Radiography: Submicron Dimension Calibration for ICF Ablator Shell Characterization. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Huang
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - B. J. Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551
| | - R. B. Stephens
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - A. Nikroo
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - S. A. Eddinger
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - K. C. Chen
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - H. W. Xu
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
| | - K. A. Moreno
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608
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Parham T, Kozioziemski B, Atkinson D, Baisden P, Bertolini L, Boehm K, Chernov A, Coffee K, Coffield F, Dylla-Spears R, Edwards O, Fair J, Fedorov M, Fry J, Gibson C, Haid B, Holunga D, Kohut T, Lewis T, Malsbury T, Mapoles E, Sate J. Cryogenic Target System for Hydrogen Layering. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst15-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - B. Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. Atkinson
- Retired, formerly Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - P. Baisden
- Retired, formerly Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - L. Bertolini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - K. Boehm
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121
| | - A. Chernov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - K. Coffee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - F. Coffield
- Retired, formerly Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - R. Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - O. Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - M. Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - C. Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121
| | - B. Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - D. Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - T. Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - T. Lewis
- AKIMA Infrastructure Services, LLC, Livermore, California 94550
| | - T. Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - E. Mapoles
- Retired, formerly Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - J. Sate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
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Abstract
Advances in cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) have resulted in an excellent ability to exclude coronary heart disease (CHD). Anatomical information, functional information, and spectral information can already be obtained with current CT technologies. Moreover, novel developments such as targeted nanoparticle contrast agents, photon-counting CT, and phase contrast CT will further enhance the diagnostic value of cardiovascular CT. This review provides an overview of current state of the art and future cardiovascular CT imaging.
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