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Antoine R, Broyer M, Dugourd P. Metal nanoclusters: from fundamental aspects to electronic properties and optical applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2222546. [PMID: 37363801 PMCID: PMC10286677 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2222546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer-protected noble metal clusters, also called nanoclusters, can be produced with the atomic precision and in large-scale quantity and are playing an increasingly important role in the field of nanoscience. To outline the origin and the perspectives of this new field, we overview the main results obtained on free metal clusters produced in gas phase including mainly electronic properties, the giant atom concept, the optical properties, briefly the role of the metal atom (alkali, divalent, noble metal) and finally the atomic structure of clusters. We also discuss the limitations of the free clusters. Then, we describe the field of monolayer-protected metal clusters, the main results, the new offered perspectives, the added complexity, and the role of the ligand beyond the superatom concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodophe Antoine
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Broyer
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
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Lewis D, Setzler C, Goodwin PM, Thomas K, Branham M, Arrington CA, Petty JT. Interrupted DNA and Slow Silver Cluster Luminescence. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:10574-10584. [PMID: 37313118 PMCID: PMC10258842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A DNA-silver cluster conjugate is a hierarchical chromophore with a partly reduced silver core embedded within the DNA nucleobases that are covalently linked by the phosphodiester backbone. Specific sites within a polymeric DNA can be targeted to spectrally tune the silver cluster. Here, the repeated (C2A)6 strand is interrupted with a thymine, and the resulting (C2A)2-T-(C2A)4 forms only Ag106+, a chromophore with both prompt (∼1 ns) green and sustained (∼102 μs) red luminescence. Thymine is an inert placeholder that can be removed, and the two fragments (C2A)2 and (C2A)4 also produce the same Ag106+ adduct. In relation to (C2A)2T(C2A)4, the (C2A)2 + (C2A)4 pair is distinguished because the red Ag106+ luminescence is ∼6× lower, relaxes ∼30% faster, and is quenched ∼2× faster with O2. These differences suggest that a specific break in the phosphodiester backbone can regulate how a contiguous vs broken scaffold wraps and better protects its cluster adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lewis
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29163, United States
| | - Caleb Setzler
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29163, United States
| | - Peter M. Goodwin
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Mail Stop K771, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Kirsten Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29163, United States
| | - Makayla Branham
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29163, United States
| | - Caleb A. Arrington
- Department
of Chemistry, Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Petty
- Department
of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29163, United States
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Chakraborty S, Mukherjee S. Effects of protecting groups on luminescent metal nanoclusters: spectroscopic signatures and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:29-47. [PMID: 34877943 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) have been established as next-generation fluorophores. Their biocompatible and non-toxic nature, along with excellent chemical- and photo-stability, enables them to find applications in multi-disciplinary areas. However, preparing NCs which are stable is always challenging, primarily owing to their small size and propensity to self-aggregate. In this review, we highlight a holistic approach as to how ligands and templates can monitor the stability of NCs, tune their spectroscopic signatures, and alter their applications. The role of small molecules of a large ligand in the preparation of NCs and their associated limitations are also discussed. We have summarized how these NCs can be utilized in sensing several metal ions, pH, viscosity and temperature of many systems which have biological relevance. Additionally, these luminescent metal NCs find usage in cell-imaging, discriminating between cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines and also targeting specific organelles within the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Chen J, Cheng Y, Li H, Fang C, Li H, Wang K. Synthesis of Stable Ag NPs Solution via Anionic Polyacrylamide Template Method as Sensitive Fluorescence Sensor for Detecting Heavy Metal Ions. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Youliang Cheng
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Fang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Kaiye Wang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, P. R. China
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Ren H, Chen F, Li X, He Y. A new insight of structures, bonding and electronic properties for 6-mercaptopurine and Ag 8 clusters configurations: a theoretical perspective. BMC Chem 2019; 13:55. [PMID: 31384803 PMCID: PMC6661816 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many reports have also shown that the silver nanoparticles can effectively increase the anticancer drug activity and intensely enhance the drug curative effect. The adsorption of 6MP on nanomaterials has received a lot of attentions because of the drug coordination to its chemotherapeutic activity. The geometrical structures, chemical bonds, molecular orbital properties as well as density of states for the configurations were analyzed to deeply understand the interactions between the 6MP and Ag8 clusters for high effect anticancer drug production. Results In this work, the density functional theory B3LYP has been used to investigate the structures and properties of the configurations between 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and Ag8 clusters using 6-311++G** level as well as an effective pseudo potential LANL2DZ. The geometries of ten configurations were optimized with full freedom. The geometrical structures, chemical bonds, molecular orbital properties as well as density of states for partial configurations were analyzed based on the density functional calculations. Polarizable continuum solvent model (PCM) in self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) were used for the aqueous calculations. The influences of temperature and pressure on the stability of the predominant configurations in the gas phase were further considered using standard statistical thermodynamic methods from 50 to 500 K and at 1 bar or 100 bar. Conclusion The result shows that there are ten stable configurations in the gas phase and there is a strong chemical bond between a Ag and S atom in the most stable configuration. The analysis of density of states also shows that the Ag–S chemical bond in the most stable configuration has been formed. Moreover, the results show that the temperature and the pressure will significantly influence the stability of the configurations in the gas phase. Additionally, when the solvent effect was considered, we found that there are only seven stable configurations and the solvent have different effect on various configurations.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0573-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Ren
- Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Taibai South Road 168#, Xi'an, 710065 China
| | - Fan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Taibai South Road 168#, Xi'an, 710065 China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Taibai South Road 168#, Xi'an, 710065 China
| | - Yaping He
- Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Taibai South Road 168#, Xi'an, 710065 China
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Size-controlled atomically precise copper nanoclusters: Synthetic protocols, spectroscopic properties and applications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) are a new class of nanomaterials which are considered being a missing link between isolated metal atoms and metal nanoparticles (NPs). The sizes of the NCs are comparable to the Fermi wavelength of the conduction electrons, and this renders them to be luminescent in nature. They exhibit size-dependent fluorescence properties spanning almost the entire breath of the visible spectrum. Among all the noble metal NCs being explored, copper NCs (CuNCs) are the most rarely investigated primarily because of their propensity of getting oxidised. In this chapter, we have given a comprehensive understanding as to why these NCs are luminescent in nature. We have also given a detailed overview regarding the various templates used for the synthesis of these CuNCs along with the respective protocols being followed. The various instrumental techniques used to characterize these CuNCs are discussed which provides an in-depth understanding as to how these CuNCs can be properly examined. Finally, we have highlighted some of the most recent applications of these CuNCs which make them unique to serve as the next-generation fluorophores.
Graphical Abstract:
The Graphical Abstract highlights some of the key spectroscopic signatures of the CuNCs and their applications.
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Bhattacharyya K, Mukherjee S. Fluorescent Metal Nano-Clusters as Next Generation Fluorescent Probes for Cell Imaging and Drug Delivery. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Jeon SM, Choi S, Lee K, Jung HS, Yu J. Significantly improved stability of silver nanodots via nanoparticles encapsulation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Al-Hada M, Peters S, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Sezen H, Parisse P, Selve S, Niermann T, Berger D, Neeb M, Eberhardt W. Nanoparticle formation of deposited Ag -clusters on free-standing graphene. SURFACE SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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García-Cruz R, Poulain E, Hernández-Pérez I, Reyes-Nava JA, González-Torres JC, Rubio-Ponce A, Olvera-Neria O. Effect of Spin Multiplicity in O2 Adsorption and Dissociation on Small Bimetallic AuAg Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6079-6089. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl García-Cruz
- Área
de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa
Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, C.P. 02200, México
| | - Enrique Poulain
- Área
de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa
Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, C.P. 02200, México
| | - Isaías Hernández-Pérez
- Química
de Materiales, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, C.P. 02200, México
| | - Juan A. Reyes-Nava
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Energı́as Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente No. 1150,
Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, C.P. 29000, México
| | - Julio C. González-Torres
- Área
de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa
Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, C.P. 02200, México
| | - A. Rubio-Ponce
- Área
de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa
Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, C.P. 02200, México
| | - Oscar Olvera-Neria
- Área
de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa
Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, C.P. 02200, México
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne D, Laskin J. Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:439-479. [PMID: 25880894 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft- and reactive landing of mass-selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely-controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft-landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft- and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely-defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft- and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas-phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high-throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon-based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically-active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size-dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft- and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass-selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Don Gunaratne
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
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Islam DA, Chakraborty A, Acharya H. Fluorescent silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) in the metal–organic framework MIL-101(Fe) for the catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitroaniline. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent Ag nanocluster deposited iron based metal organic framework, Ag NC@MIL-101(Fe), was synthesized with significant stability and enhanced catalytic activity towards the heterogeneous reduction of 4-nitroaniline under green and ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Azharul Islam
- Centre for Soft Matters
- Department of Chemistry
- Assam University
- Silchar-788011
- India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Centre for Soft Matters
- Department of Chemistry
- Assam University
- Silchar-788011
- India
| | - Himadri Acharya
- Centre for Soft Matters
- Department of Chemistry
- Assam University
- Silchar-788011
- India
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Khandelwal P, Singh DK, Sadhu S, Poddar P. Study of the nucleation and growth of antibiotic labeled Au NPs and blue luminescent Au8 quantum clusters for Hg(2+) ion sensing, cellular imaging and antibacterial applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19985-20002. [PMID: 26564987 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a detailed experimental study supported by DFT calculations to understand the mechanism behind the synthesis of cefradine (CFD--an antibiotic) labeled gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by employing CFD as both a mild reducing and capping agent. The analysis of the effect of growth conditions reveals that a higher concentration of HAuCl4 results in the formation of an increasing fraction of anisotropic structures, higher temperature leads to the formation of quasi-spherical particles instead of anisotropic ones, and larger pH leads to the formation of much smaller particles. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that when the pH of the reaction medium increases from 4 to 6, the reduction potential of CFD increases which leads to the synthesis of nanoparticles (in a pH 4 reaction) to quantum clusters (in a pH 6 reaction). The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry results of supernatant of the pH 6 reaction indicate the formation of [Au8(CFD)2S6] QCs which show fluorescence at ca. 432 nm with a Stokes shift of ca. 95 nm. The blue luminescence from Au8 QCs was applied for sensing of Hg(2+) ions on the basis of an aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism and offers good selectivity and a high sensitivity with a limit of detection ca. 2 nM which is lower than the detection requirement of 10 nM by the U.S. EPA and 30 nM by WHO for drinking water. We have also applied the sensing probe to detect Hg(2+) ions in bacterial samples. Further, we have investigated the antibacterial property of as-synthesized Au NPs using MIC, growth curve and cell survival assay. The results show that Au NPs could reduce the cell survival very efficiently rather than the cell growth in comparison to the antibiotic itself. The scanning electron microscopy study shows the degradation and blebbing of the bacterial cell wall upon exposure with Au NPs which was further supported by fluorescence microscopy results. These Au NPs did not show reactive oxygen species generation. We believe that the bacterial cytotoxicity is due to the direct contact of the Au NPs with bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Khandelwal
- Physical & Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India.
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Bae GT, Aikens CM. TDDFT and CIS Studies of Optical Properties of Dimers of Silver Tetrahedra. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8260-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyun-Tack Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan,
Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan,
Kansas 66506, United States
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Roy S, Palui G, Banerjee A. The as-prepared gold cluster-based fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of As(III) ions in aqueous solution. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2734-2740. [PMID: 22422038 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble fluorescent gold clusters (AuCs) have been successfully synthesized by a wet-chemical approach at room temperature using a dipeptide l-cysteinyl-l-cysteine. We have followed the core-etching mechanism for the synthesis of the gold clusters. Clusters show the excitation maximum at 300 nm and the emission maximum at 410 nm. These gold clusters show interesting fluorescent properties including large Stoke's shift (110 nm), with a quantum yield of 41.3%, and photochemical stability. Transmission electron microscopic analysis shows that most of these particles are <1.5 nm. These clusters have been applied successfully to develop the new fluorescent sensor for the selective and ultra-sensitive detection of As(III) ions in the presence of other bivalent and trivalent metal ions in aqueous solution with a lower detection limit of 53.7 nM and this is far below the permissible limit (133 nM) of arsenic in drinking water permitted by WHO and USEPA. These gold clusters also show semiconducting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Roy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 32, India
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Petty JT, Story SP, Juarez S, Votto SS, Herbst AG, Degtyareva NN, Sengupta B. Optical sensing by transforming chromophoric silver clusters in DNA nanoreactors. Anal Chem 2012; 84:356-64. [PMID: 22098274 PMCID: PMC4532300 DOI: 10.1021/ac202697d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional DNA oligonucleotides serve as templates for chromophoric silver clusters and as recognition sites for target DNA strands, and communication between these two components is the basis of an oligonucleotide sensor. Few-atom silver clusters exhibit distinct electronic spectra spanning the visible and near-infrared region, and they are selectively synthesized by varying the base sequence of the DNA template. In these studies, a 16-base cluster template is adjoined with a 12-base sequence complementary to the target analyte, and hybridization induces structural changes in the composite sensor that direct the conversion between two spectrally and stoichiometrically distinct clusters. Without its complement, the sensor strand selectively harbors ~7 Ag atoms that absorb at 400 nm and fold the DNA host. Upon association of the target with its recognition site, the sensor strand opens to expose the cluster template that has the binding site for ~11 Ag atoms, and absorption at 720 nm with relatively strong emission develops in lieu of the violet absorption. Variations in the length and composition of the recognition site and the cluster template indicate that these types of dual-component sensors provide a general platform for near-infrared-based detection of oligonucleotides in challenging biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29163, USA.
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Choi S, Dickson RM, Yu J. Developing luminescent silver nanodots for biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1867-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shiang YC, Huang CC, Chen WY, Chen PC, Chang HT. Fluorescent gold and silver nanoclusters for the analysis of biopolymers and cell imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Martin BD, Fontana J, Wang Z, Louis-Jean J, Trammell SA. Generation of fluorescent silver nanoscale particles in reverse micelles using gamma irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10657-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Christen W, Radcliffe P, Przystawik A, Diederich T, Tiggesbäumker J. Argon Solvent Effects on Optical Properties of Silver Metal Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8779-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Christen
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - P. Radcliffe
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A. Przystawik
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Th. Diederich
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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21
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Neidig ML, Sharma J, Yeh HC, Martinez JS, Conradson SD, Shreve AP. Ag K-Edge EXAFS Analysis of DNA-Templated Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters: Insight into the Structural Origins of Emission Tuning by DNA Sequence Variations. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11837-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja202797w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Neidig
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jaswinder Sharma
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Martinez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Steven D. Conradson
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew P. Shreve
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, and Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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22
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Zhao YR, Kuang XY, Shao P, Li CG, Wang SJ, Li YF. A systematic search for the structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca₂-doped gold clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1333-43. [PMID: 21748329 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The local meta-GGA exchange correlation density functional (TPSS) with a relativistic effective core potential was employed to systematically investigate the geometric structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca(2)Au( n ) (n = 1-9) and pure gold Au( n ) (n ≤ 11) clusters. The optimized geometries show that the most stable isomers for Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters have 3D structure when n > 2, and that one Au atom capping the Ca(2)Au( n-1) structure for different-sized Ca(2)Au( n ) (n = 1-9) clusters is the dominant growth pattern. The average atomic binding energies and second-order difference in energies show that the Ca(2)Au(4) isomer is the most stable among the Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters. The same pronounced even-odd alternations are found in the HOMO-LUMO gaps, VIPs, and hardnesses. The polarizabilities of the Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters show an obvious local minimum at n = 4. Moreover, the inverse corrections to the polarizabilities versus the ionization potential and hardness were found for the gold clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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23
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Ai-Jie M, Xiao-Yu K, Gang C, Ya-Ru Z, Yan-Fang L, Peng L, Chi Z. Ab initiocalculation of the geometric, electronic and magnetic properties of neutral and anionic AunPd (n = 1–9) clusters. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.565731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Lecoultre S, Rydlo A, Buttet J, Félix C, Gilb S, Harbich W. Ultraviolet-visible absorption of small silver clusters in neon: Agn(n = 1–9). J Chem Phys 2011; 134:184504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3589357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Zhao YR, Kuang XY, Zheng BB, Wang SJ, Li YF. Ab initio calculation of the geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties for the bimetallic Be2Au n (n = 1–9) clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters. J Mol Model 2011; 18:275-83. [PMID: 21523544 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Pereiro M, Baldomir D, Arias JE. A first-principles study of the influence of helium atoms on the optical response of small silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:084307. [PMID: 21361539 DOI: 10.1063/1.3556821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical excitation spectra of Ag(n) and Ag(n)@He(60) (n = 2, 8) clusters are investigated in the framework of the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) within the linear response regime. We have performed the ab initio calculations for two different exact exchange functionals (GGA-exact and LDA-exact). The computed spectra of Ag(n)@He(60) clusters with the GGA-exact functional accounting for exchange-correlation effects are found to be generally in a relatively good agreement with the experiment. A strategy is proposed to obtain the ground-state structures of the Ag(n)@He(60) clusters and in the initial process of the geometry optimization, the He environment is simulated with buckyballs. A redshift of the silver clusters spectra is observed in the He environment with respect to the ones of bare silver clusters. This observation is discussed and explained in terms of a contraction of the Ag-He bonding length and a consequent confinement of the s valence electrons in silver clusters. Likewise, the Mie-Gans predictions combined with our TDDFT calculations also show that the dielectric effect produced by the He matrix is considerably less important in explaining the redshifting observed in the optical spectra of Ag(n)@He(60) clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pereiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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27
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Zhao YR, Kuang XY, Zheng BB, Li YF, Wang SJ. Equilibrium Geometries, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of the Bimetallic M2-doped Aun (M = Ag, Cu; n = 1−10) Clusters: Comparison with Pure Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:569-76. [PMID: 21192697 DOI: 10.1021/jp108695z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- International Centre for Materials Physics, Academia Sinica, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bao-Bing Zheng
- Department of Physics, Baoji University of Arts and Science, Baoji 721007, China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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28
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Choi S, Yu J, Patel SA, Tzeng YL, Dickson RM. Tailoring silver nanodots for intracellular staining. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 10:109-15. [PMID: 21063587 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Through tailored oligonucleotide scaffolds, Ag nanocluster syntheses have yielded thermally and cell-culture medium stable silver cluster-based emitters. Optimizing ssDNA stability has enabled creation of highly concentrated and spectrally pure nanocluster emitters with strong intracellular emission. Both fixed and live-cell staining become possible, and intracellular delivery is demonstrated both through conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides and via microinjection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmoon Choi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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29
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Koponen L, Tunturivuori LO, Puska MJ, Hancock Y. Tunability of the optical absorption in small silver cluster-polymer hybrid systems. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:214301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3425623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Maretti L, Billone PS, Liu Y, Scaiano JC. Facile photochemical synthesis and characterization of highly fluorescent silver nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13972-80. [PMID: 19788331 DOI: 10.1021/ja900201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent silver nanoparticles (AgFNP) have been prepared by a facile photochemical method, yielding these materials in just a few minutes and with excellent long-term stability. The method makes use of photogenerated ketyl radicals that reduce Ag(+) from silver trifluoroacetate in the presence of amines. While as functional materials these AgFNP can be described as of nanometer dimensions, we believe that the luminescence arises from particle-supported small metal clusters (predominantly Ag(2)). The materials have been characterized by electron microscopy, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime studies, and (19)F NMR spectroscopy. Exploratory work shows that the fluorescence from AgFNP can be efficiently quenched by paramagnetic quenchers, and these studies have been combined with electron paramagnetic resonance work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maretti
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
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31
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Stranik O, Iacopino D, Nooney R, McDonagh C, MacCraith BD. Optical Properties of Micro-patterned Silver Nanoparticle Substrates. J Fluoresc 2009; 20:215-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Kulesza A, Mitrić R, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Silver Cluster Chromophores for Absorption Enhancement of Peptides. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3783-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809118q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kulesza
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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33
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Xia Y, Xiong Y, Lim B, Skrabalak SE. Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals: simple chemistry meets complex physics? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:60-103. [PMID: 19053095 PMCID: PMC2791829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3079] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are fundamental to modern science and technology. Mastery over the shape of a nanocrystal enables control of its properties and enhancement of its usefulness for a given application. Our aim is to present a comprehensive review of current research activities that center on the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We begin with a brief introduction to nucleation and growth within the context of metal nanocrystal synthesis, followed by a discussion of the possible shapes that a metal nanocrystal might take under different conditions. We then focus on a variety of experimental parameters that have been explored to manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals in solution-phase syntheses in an effort to generate specific shapes. We then elaborate on these approaches by selecting examples in which there is already reasonable understanding for the observed shape control or at least the protocols have proven to be reproducible and controllable. Finally, we highlight a number of applications that have been enabled and/or enhanced by the shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We conclude this article with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research in this field might take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.
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34
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Xia Y, Xiong Y, Lim B, Skrabalak S. Formkontrolle bei der Synthese von Metallnanokristallen: einfache Chemie, komplexe Physik? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Tabarin T, Kulesza A, Antoine R, Mitrić R, Broyer M, Dugourd P, Bonacić-Koutecký V. Absorption enhancement and conformational control of peptides by small silver clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:213001. [PMID: 19113408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We explored experimentally and theoretically the optical properties of isolated silver trimer-dipeptide bioconjugates. The metallic moiety induces a strong enhancement of the optical absorption of the peptide. We also show that its binding to a peptide can reduce the conformational flexibility and induce transitions between secondary structures.
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36
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Zolotavin P, Permenova E, Sarkisov O, Nadtochenko V, Azouani R, Portes P, Chhor K, Kanaev A. Two-photon luminescence enhancement of silver nanoclusters photodeposited onto mesoporous TiO2 film. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Liu L, Zheng HZ, Zhang ZJ, Huang YM, Chen SM, Hu YF. Photoluminescence from water-soluble BSA-protected gold nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 69:701-5. [PMID: 17590386 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence from water-soluble gold nanoparticles, each composed of a 5.1 nm gold core and a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected layer, has been observed. The maximal excitation and the maximal emission wavelength are at 320 and 404 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence quantum yield is estimated as 0.053+/-0.0070, at room temperature. The mechanism of the luminescence is hypothesized to be associated with interband transitions between the filled 5d(10) band and 6(sp)(1) conduction band. The photoluminescence is sensitive to pH, organic solvents and metal ions. These observations suggest that this nanoparticles are a viable alternative to organic fluorophores or semiconductor nanoparticles for biological labeling and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-time Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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38
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Absorption properties of cationic silver cluster–tryptophan complexes: A model for photoabsorption and photoemission enhancement in nanoparticle–biomolecule systems. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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40
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Harb M, Rabilloud F, Simon D. Time-dependent density functional study of absorption spectra of small bimetallic silver–nickel clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Mitrić R, Petersen J, Kulesza A, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Tabarin T, Compagnon I, Antoine R, Broyer M, Dugourd P. Photoabsorption and photofragmentation of isolated cationic silver cluster–tryptophan hybrid systems. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2772630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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42
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Abstract
Highly fluorescent, water-soluble, few-atom noble-metal quantum dots have been created that behave as multielectron artificial atoms with discrete, size-tunable electronic transitions throughout the visible and near infrared. These molecular metals exhibit highly polarizable transitions and scale in size according to the simple relation E(Fermi)/N(1/3), predicted by the free-electron model of metallic behavior. This simple scaling indicates that fluorescence arises from intraband transitions of free electrons, and these conduction-electron transitions are the low-number limit of the plasmon-the collective dipole oscillations occurring when a continuous density of states is reached. Providing the missing link between atomic and nanoparticle behavior in noble metals, these emissive, water-soluble Au nanoclusters open new opportunities for biological labels, energy-transfer pairs, and light-emitting sources in nanoscale optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400,
| | - Philip R. Nicovich
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400,
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43
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Xiong Y, Washio I, Chen J, Sadilek M, Xia Y. Trimeric Clusters of Silver in Aqueous AgNO3 Solutions and Their Role as Nuclei in Forming Triangular Nanoplates of Silver. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Xiong Y, Washio I, Chen J, Sadilek M, Xia Y. Trimeric Clusters of Silver in Aqueous AgNO3 Solutions and Their Role as Nuclei in Forming Triangular Nanoplates of Silver. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4917-21. [PMID: 17523202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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45
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Lecoultre S, Rydlo A, Félix C. Efficient trapping of silver cations in a rare gas matrix: Ag3+ in argon. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:204507. [PMID: 17552778 DOI: 10.1063/1.2741547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass selected cations of Ag clusters are deposited, together with Ar seeded with CO2 (or other electron scavengers such as O2, N2O, or CCl4), on a cold substrate, while being flooded with low energy electrons. Optical absorption measurements reveal an efficient trapping of Ag cluster cations in the Ar matrix, provided that CO2 or another electron scavenger is present to ensure charge neutrality of the matrix. The spectrum of Ag3+ thus obtained is in excellent agreement with previous predictions from quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Lecoultre
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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46
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Abstract
Clusters of atoms/molecules show dynamics characteristic of the method of excitation. Two contrasted processes are discussed: (1) electronic excitation via single-photon absorption and (2) impulsive excitation of nuclear motions by surface impact. Process 1 is exemplified by photodissociation dynamics of size-selected metal cluster ions. The electronic energy is converted most likely to vibrational energy of internal modes; dissociation follows via statistical mechanism to produce energetically favored fragments. Exceptionally, a silver cluster ion, Ag4(+), is shown to undergo nonstatistical dissociation along the potential-energy surface of the excited state. Energy partitioning to translational and vibrational modes of fragments is analyzed as well as bond dissociation energies. Furthermore, the spectrum of the photodissociation yield provides electronic and geometrical structures of a cluster with the aid of ab initio calculations; manganese, Mn(N)(+), and chromium, Cr(N)(+), cluster ions are discussed, where the importance of magnetic interactions is manifested. On the other hand, momentum transfer upon surface impact plays a role in process 2. An impulsive mechanical force triggers extraordinary chemical processes distinct from those initiated by atomic collision as well as photoexcitation. Experiments on aluminum, Al(N)(-), silicon, SiN(-), and solvated, I(2)(-)(CO2)(N), cluster anions provide evidence for reactions proceeding under extremely high temperatures, such as pickup of surface atoms, annealing of products, and mechanical splitting of chemical bonds. In addition, a model experiment to visualize and time-resolve the cluster impact process is performed by using a micrometer-sized liquid droplet. Multiphoton absorption initiates superheating of the droplet surface followed by a shock wave and disintegration into a number of small fragments (shattering). These studies further reveal how the nature of chemical bonds influences the dynamics of clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Terasaki
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan.
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47
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Dai Y, Hu X, Wang C, Chen D, Jiang X, Zhu C, Yu B, Qiu J. Fluorescent Ag nanoclusters in glass induced by an infrared femtosecond laser. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Tiggesbäumker J, Stienkemeier F. Formation and properties of metal clusters isolated in helium droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4748-70. [PMID: 17712454 DOI: 10.1039/b703575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique conditions forming atomic and molecular complexes and clusters using superfluid helium nanodroplets have opened up an innovative route for studying the physical and chemical properties of matter on the nanoscale. This review summarizes the specific characteristics of the formation of atomic clusters partly generated far from equilibrium in the helium environment. Special emphasis is on the optical response, electronic properties as well as dynamical processes which are mostly affected by the surrounding quantum matrix. Experiments include the optical induced response of isolated cluster systems in helium under quite different excitation conditions ranging from the linear regime up to the violent interaction with a strong laser field leading to Coulomb explosion and the generation of highly charged atomic fragments. The variety of results on the outstanding properties in the quantum size regime highlights the peculiar capabilities of helium nanodroplet isolation spectroscopy.
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49
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Sieber C, Harbich W, Meiwes-Broer KH, Félix C. Collision-induced luminescence from the impact of ions and cluster ions on solid rare gases. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Noble Metal Clusters from First Principles. J CLUST SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-006-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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