1
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Sun YT, Wang F, Gao CZ. Trajectory-dependent threshold effects of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17599-17608. [PMID: 38864183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a study on the trajectory-dependent threshold effects of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets using time-dependent density functional theory non-adiabatically coupled to the molecular dynamics. This study covered protons with initial velocities in the range of 0.1-1.0 a.u., offering a vast amount of detailed information on the electronic structure during the stopping process with superior spatial and temporal resolution. Our results show that the impact parameters of incident protons play a crucial role in determining the threshold behavior of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets. Most importantly, we found that close collisions do not exhibit a discernible threshold. In addition, the research results also revealed the time dependence of the number of electrons occupying the atomic orbitals of F and Li as protons pass through the nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Sun
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Cong-Zhang Gao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China.
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2
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Shi WH, Deng ZY, Feng HJ. Asynchronous propagation of atomic force and excited electronic charge in GaAs under proton irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:215706. [PMID: 38415772 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The studies for the interaction of energetic particles with matter have greatly contributed to the exploration of material properties under irradiation conditions, such as nuclear safety, medical physics and aerospace applications. In this work, we theoretically simulate the non-adiabatic process for GaAs upon proton irradiation using time-dependent density functional theory, and find that the radial propagation of force on atoms and the excitation of electron in GaAs are non-synchronous process. We calculated the electronic stopping power on proton with the velocity of 0.1-0.6 a.u., agreement with the previous empirical results. After further analyzing the force on atoms and the population of excited electrons, we find that under proton irradiation, the electrons around the host atoms at different distances from the proton trajectories are excited almost simultaneously, especially those regions with relatively high charge density. However, the distant atoms have a significant hysteresis in force, which occurs after the surrounding electrons are excited. In addition, hysteresis in force and electron excitation behavior at different positions are closely related to the velocity of proton. This non-synchronous propagation reveals the microscopic dynamic mechanism of energy deposition into the target material under ion irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Shi
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zun-Yi Deng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jian Feng
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
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3
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Hirsch-Passicos A, Lacoste CLC, André F, Elskens Y, D'Humières E, Tikhonchuk V, Bardon M. Helical coil design with controlled dispersion for bunching enhancement of protons generated by the target normal sheath acceleration. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:025211. [PMID: 38491715 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.025211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The quality of the proton beam produced by target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) with high-power lasers can be significantly improved with the use of helical coils. While they showed promising results in terms of focusing, their performances in terms of the of cut-off energy and bunching stay limited due to the dispersive nature of helical coils. A new scheme of helical coil with a tube surrounding the helix is introduced, and the first numerical simulations and an analytical model show a possibility of a drastic reduction of the current pulse dispersion for the parameters of high-power-laser facilities. The helical coils with tube strongly increase bunching, creating two collimated narrow-band proton beams from a broad and divergent TNSA distribution. The analytical model provides scaling of proton parameters as a function of laser facility features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hirsch-Passicos
- CEA-CESTA, Le Barp F-33114, France
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR5107, Talence F-33405, France
| | - C L C Lacoste
- CEA-CESTA, Le Barp F-33114, France
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR5107, Talence F-33405, France
- INRS-EMT, Varennes QC J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - F André
- Thales AVS, Velizy-Villacoublay F-78140, France
| | - Y Elskens
- Aix-Marseille Université, PIIM, UMR 7345 CNRS, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - E D'Humières
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR5107, Talence F-33405, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR5107, Talence F-33405, France
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI-Beamlines Facility, Dolní Brežany 25241, Czech Republic
| | - M Bardon
- CEA-CESTA, Le Barp F-33114, France
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR5107, Talence F-33405, France
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4
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Catrix E, Boivin F, Langlois K, Vallières S, Boynukara CY, Fourmaux S, Antici P. Stable high repetition-rate laser-driven proton beam production for multidisciplinary applications on the advanced laser light source ion beamline. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103003. [PMID: 37791855 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven proton accelerators are relevant candidates for many applications such as material science or medicine. Today, there are multi-hundred-TW table-top laser systems that can generate relativistic peak intensities >1018 W/cm2 and routinely reach proton energies in the MeV range. However, for most desired applications, there is still a need to optimize the quality and stability of the laser-generated proton beam. In this work, we developed a 0.625 Hz high repetition-rate setup in which a laser with 2.5% RMS energy stability is irradiating a solid target with an intensity of 1019 to 1020 W/cm2 to explore proton energy and yield variations, both with high shot statistics (up to about 400 laser shots) and using different interaction targets. Investigating the above-mentioned parameters is important for applications that rely on specific parts of the proton spectrum or a high ion flux produced over quick multi-shot irradiation. We demonstrate that the use of a stable "multi-shot mode" allows improving applications, e.g., in the detection of trace elements using laser-driven particle-induced x-ray emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Catrix
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Frédéric Boivin
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kassandra Langlois
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Computing, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Canan Yağmur Boynukara
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
- Dipartimento SBAI, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Sylvain Fourmaux
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Patrizio Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
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5
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Rehwald M, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Brack FE, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Garten M, Gaus L, Gauthier M, Göde S, Göthel I, Glenzer SH, Huang L, Huebl A, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft S, Kroll F, Metzkes-Ng J, Miethlinger T, Loeser M, Obst-Huebl L, Reimold M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schoenwaelder C, Schramm U, Siebold M, Treffert F, Yang L, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Ultra-short pulse laser acceleration of protons to 80 MeV from cryogenic hydrogen jets tailored to near-critical density. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4009. [PMID: 37419912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser plasma-based particle accelerators attract great interest in fields where conventional accelerators reach limits based on size, cost or beam parameters. Despite the fact that particle in cell simulations have predicted several advantageous ion acceleration schemes, laser accelerators have not yet reached their full potential in producing simultaneous high-radiation doses at high particle energies. The most stringent limitation is the lack of a suitable high-repetition rate target that also provides a high degree of control of the plasma conditions required to access these advanced regimes. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of petawatt-class laser pulses with a pre-formed micrometer-sized cryogenic hydrogen jet plasma overcomes these limitations enabling tailored density scans from the solid to the underdense regime. Our proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that the near-critical plasma density profile produces proton energies of up to 80 MeV. Based on hydrodynamic and three-dimensional particle in cell simulations, transition between different acceleration schemes are shown, suggesting enhanced proton acceleration at the relativistic transparency front for the optimal case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), 02826, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Ilja Göthel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Lingen Huang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes-Ng
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethlinger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Schoenwaelder
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Treffert
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Long Yang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Ren J, Ma B, Liu L, Wei W, Chen B, Zhang S, Xu H, Hu Z, Li F, Wang X, Yin S, Feng J, Zhou X, Gao Y, Li Y, Shi X, Li J, Ren X, Xu Z, Deng Z, Qi W, Wang S, Fan Q, Cui B, Wang W, Yuan Z, Teng J, Wu Y, Cao Z, Zhao Z, Gu Y, Cao L, Zhu S, Cheng R, Lei Y, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Xiao G, Zhao H, Hoffmann DHH, Zhou W, Zhao Y. Target Density Effects on Charge Transfer of Laser-Accelerated Carbon Ions in Dense Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:095101. [PMID: 36930918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.095101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on charge state measurements of laser-accelerated carbon ions in the energy range of several MeV penetrating a dense partially ionized plasma. The plasma was generated by irradiation of a foam target with laser-induced hohlraum radiation in the soft x-ray regime. We use the tricellulose acetate (C_{9}H_{16}O_{8}) foam of 2 mg/cm^{3} density and 1 mm interaction length as target material. This kind of plasma is advantageous for high-precision measurements, due to good uniformity and long lifetime compared to the ion pulse length and the interaction duration. We diagnose the plasma parameters to be T_{e}=17 eV and n_{e}=4×10^{20} cm^{-3}. We observe the average charge states passing through the plasma to be higher than those predicted by the commonly used semiempirical formula. Through solving the rate equations, we attribute the enhancement to the target density effects, which will increase the ionization rates on one hand and reduce the electron capture rates on the other hand. The underlying physics is actually the balancing of the lifetime of excited states versus the collisional frequency. In previous measurement with partially ionized plasma from gas discharge and z pinch to laser direct irradiation, no target density effects were ever demonstrated. For the first time, we are able to experimentally prove that target density effects start to play a significant role in plasma near the critical density of Nd-glass laser radiation. The finding is important for heavy ion beam driven high-energy-density physics and fast ignitions. The method provides a new approach to precisely address the beam-plasma interaction issues with high-intensity short-pulse lasers in dense plasma regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bubo Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenqing Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Benzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shizheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhongmin Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yifang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianxing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueguang Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhongfeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhigang Deng
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Quanping Fan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Weiwu Wang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zongqiang Yuan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jian Teng
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zhurong Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zongqing Zhao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yuqiu Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Leifeng Cao
- Advanced Materials Testing Technology Research Center, Shenzhen University of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Shaoping Zhu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zexian Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dieter H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yongtao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Mariscal DA, Djordjević BZ, Anirudh R, Bremer T, Campbell PC, Feister S, Folsom E, Grace ES, Hollinger R, Jacobs SA, Kailkhura B, Kalantar D, Kemp AJ, Kim J, Kur E, Liu S, Ludwig J, Morrison J, Nedbailo R, Ose N, Park J, Rocca JJ, Scott GG, Simpson RA, Song H, Spears B, Sullivan B, Swanson KK, Thiagarajan J, Wang S, Williams GJ, Wilks SC, Wyatt M, Van Essen B, Zacharias R, Zeraouli G, Zhang J, Ma T. A flexible proton beam imaging energy spectrometer (PROBIES) for high repetition rate or single-shot high energy density (HED) experiments (invited). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:023507. [PMID: 36859040 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The PROBIES diagnostic is a new, highly flexible, imaging and energy spectrometer designed for laser-accelerated protons. The diagnostic can detect low-mode spatial variations in the proton beam profile while resolving multiple energies on a single detector or more. When a radiochromic film stack is employed for "single-shot mode," the energy resolution of the stack can be greatly increased while reducing the need for large numbers of films; for example, a recently deployed version allowed for 180 unique energy measurements spanning ∼3 to 75 MeV with <0.4 MeV resolution using just 20 films vs 180 for a comparable traditional film and filter stack. When utilized with a scintillator, the diagnostic can be run in high-rep-rate (>Hz rate) mode to recover nine proton energy bins. We also demonstrate a deep learning-based method to analyze data from synthetic PROBIES images with greater than 95% accuracy on sub-millisecond timescales and retrained with experimental data to analyze real-world images on sub-millisecond time-scales with comparable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Z Djordjević
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Anirudh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Bremer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P C Campbell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Feister
- Department of Computer Science, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California 93012, USA
| | - E Folsom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E S Grace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Hollinger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - S A Jacobs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Kailkhura
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Kim
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - E Kur
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Liu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Ludwig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Morrison
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R Nedbailo
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - N Ose
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Park
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J J Rocca
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - G G Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R A Simpson
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Song
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Sullivan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - K K Swanson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Thiagarajan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Wang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Wyatt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Van Essen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Zeraouli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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8
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Grace ES, Djordjevic BZ, Guang Z, Mariscal D, Scott GG, Simpson RA, Swanson KK, Zeraouli G, Stuart B, Trebino R, Ma T. Single-shot measurements of pulse-front tilt in intense ps laser pulses and its effect on accelerated electron and ion beam characteristics (invited). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:123508. [PMID: 36586893 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report recent single-shot spatiotemporal measurements of laser pulses, including pulse-front tilt (PFT) and spatial chirp, taken at the Compact Multipulse Terawatt laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility in Livermore, CA. STRIPED FISH, a device that measures the complete 3D electric field of fs to ps laser pulses on a single shot, was adapted to near infrared for these measurements. We present the design of the instrument used for these experiments, the on-shot measurements of systematic high-order PFT, and shot-to-shot variations in the measurements of spatiotemporal couplings. Finally, we simulate the effect of PFT in target normal sheath acceleration experiments. These simulations showed that pulse front tilt can steer hot electrons, shape the distribution of the accelerating sheath field, and increase the variability of cutoff energy in the resulting proton spectra. While these effects may be detrimental to experimental accuracy if the pulse front tilt is left unmeasured, hot electron steering shows promise for precision manipulation of the particle source for a range of applications, including irradiation of secondary targets for opacity measurements, radiography, or neutron generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Grace
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - B Z Djordjevic
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Z Guang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - D Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G G Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R A Simpson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K K Swanson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Zeraouli
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, 900 Oval Dr., Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Stuart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Trebino
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
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9
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Strehlow J, Kim J, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Bolaños S, Smith H, Haid A, Alfonso EL, Aniculaesei C, Chen H, Ditmire T, Donovan ME, Hansen SB, Hegelich BM, McLean HS, Quevedo HJ, Spinks MM, Beg FN. A laser parameter study on enhancing proton generation from microtube foil targets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10827. [PMID: 35760862 PMCID: PMC9237049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of an intense laser with a solid foil target can drive [Formula: see text] TV/m electric fields, accelerating ions to MeV energies. In this study, we experimentally observe that structured targets can dramatically enhance proton acceleration in the target normal sheath acceleration regime. At the Texas Petawatt Laser facility, we compared proton acceleration from a [Formula: see text] flat Ag foil, to a fixed microtube structure 3D printed on the front side of the same foil type. A pulse length (140-450 fs) and intensity ((4-10) [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text]) study found an optimum laser configuration (140 fs, 4 [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text]), in which microtube targets increase the proton cutoff energy by 50% and the yield of highly energetic protons ([Formula: see text] MeV) by a factor of 8[Formula: see text]. When the laser intensity reaches [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text], the prepulse shutters the microtubes with an overcritical plasma, damping their performance. 2D particle-in-cell simulations are performed, with and without the preplasma profile imported, to better understand the coupling of laser energy to the microtube targets. The simulations are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results, and show that the prepulse is necessary to account for when the laser intensity is sufficiently high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Strehlow
- Center for Energy Research, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Center for Energy Research, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Simon Bolaños
- Center for Energy Research, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Herbie Smith
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alex Haid
- General Atomics, Inertial Fusion Technologies, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Emmanuel L Alfonso
- General Atomics, Inertial Fusion Technologies, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Hui Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - Todd Ditmire
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael E Donovan
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Bjorn M Hegelich
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Harry S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - Hernan J Quevedo
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael M Spinks
- Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Farhat N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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10
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Malko S, Cayzac W, Ospina-Bohórquez V, Bhutwala K, Bailly-Grandvaux M, McGuffey C, Fedosejevs R, Vaisseau X, Tauschwitz A, Apiñaniz JI, De Luis Blanco D, Gatti G, Huault M, Hernandez JAP, Hu SX, White AJ, Collins LA, Nichols K, Neumayer P, Faussurier G, Vorberger J, Prestopino G, Verona C, Santos JJ, Batani D, Beg FN, Roso L, Volpe L. Proton stopping measurements at low velocity in warm dense carbon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2893. [PMID: 35610200 PMCID: PMC9130286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion stopping in warm dense matter is a process of fundamental importance for the understanding of the properties of dense plasmas, the realization and the interpretation of experiments involving ion-beam-heated warm dense matter samples, and for inertial confinement fusion research. The theoretical description of the ion stopping power in warm dense matter is difficult notably due to electron coupling and degeneracy, and measurements are still largely missing. In particular, the low-velocity stopping range, that features the largest modelling uncertainties, remains virtually unexplored. Here, we report proton energy-loss measurements in warm dense plasma at unprecedented low projectile velocities. Our energy-loss data, combined with a precise target characterization based on plasma-emission measurements using two independent spectroscopy diagnostics, demonstrate a significant deviation of the stopping power from classical models in this regime. In particular, we show that our results are in closest agreement with recent first-principles simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. Charged particle interaction and energy dissipation in plasma is fundamentally interesting. Here the authors study proton stopping in laser-produced plasma for the moderate to strong coupling with electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malko
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain. .,Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, NJ, 08536, USA.
| | - W Cayzac
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France
| | - V Ospina-Bohórquez
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - K Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,General Atomics, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - R Fedosejevs
- University of Alberta, Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering. Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | | | - An Tauschwitz
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J I Apiñaniz
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D De Luis Blanco
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Huault
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Perez Hernandez
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - A J White
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - K Nichols
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Road, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.,Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Faussurier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - J Vorberger
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - G Prestopino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Universitá di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - C Verona
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Universitá di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - J J Santos
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Laser-Plasma Chair at the University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Low divergent MeV-class proton beam with micrometer source size driven by a few-cycle laser pulse. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8100. [PMID: 35577999 PMCID: PMC9110398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial characterization of 0.5 MeV proton beam, driven by 12 fs, 35 mJ, 1019 W/cm2 intense laser-foil interaction is presented. The accelerated proton beam has been applied to obtain a high-resolution, point-projection static radiograph of a fine mesh using a CR-39 plate. The reconstruction of mesh edge blurring and particle ray tracing suggests that these protons have an effective source size (FWHM) of just 3.3 ± 0.3 µm. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the proton beam recorded on the CR-39 showed that the divergence of these particles is less than 5-degree (FWHM). The low divergence and small source size of the proton beam resulted in an ultralow transverse emittance of 0.00032 π-mm-mrad, which is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional accelerator beam.
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12
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Bernert C, Assenbaum S, Brack FE, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Garten M, Gaus L, Gauthier M, Göde S, Goethel I, Glenzer SH, Kluge T, Kraft S, Kroll F, Kuntzsch M, Metzkes-Ng J, Loeser M, Obst-Huebl L, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schoenwaelder C, Schramm U, Siebold M, Treffert F, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Off-harmonic optical probing of high intensity laser plasma expansion dynamics in solid density hydrogen jets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7287. [PMID: 35508489 PMCID: PMC9068928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the non-linear nature of relativistic laser induced plasma processes, the development of laser-plasma accelerators requires precise numerical modeling. Especially high intensity laser-solid interactions are sensitive to the temporal laser rising edge and the predictive capability of simulations suffers from incomplete information on the plasma state at the onset of the relativistic interaction. Experimental diagnostics utilizing ultra-fast optical backlighters can help to ease this challenge by providing temporally resolved inside into the plasma density evolution. We present the successful implementation of an off-harmonic optical probe laser setup to investigate the interaction of a high-intensity laser at [Formula: see text] peak intensity with a solid-density cylindrical cryogenic hydrogen jet target of [Formula: see text] diameter as a target test bed. The temporal synchronization of pump and probe laser, spectral filtering and spectrally resolved data of the parasitic plasma self-emission are discussed. The probing technique mitigates detector saturation by self-emission and allowed to record a temporal scan of shadowgraphy data revealing details of the target ionization and expansion dynamics that were so far not accessible for the given laser intensity. Plasma expansion speeds of up to [Formula: see text] followed by full target transparency at [Formula: see text] after the high intensity laser peak are observed. A three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation initiated with the diagnosed target pre-expansion at [Formula: see text] and post processed by ray tracing simulations supports the experimental observations and demonstrates the capability of time resolved optical diagnostics to provide quantitative input and feedback to the numerical treatment within the time frame of the relativistic laser-plasma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Ilja Goethel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Schoenwaelder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Treffert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Bhutwala K, McGuffey C, Theobald W, Deppert O, Kim J, Nilson PM, Wei MS, Ping Y, Foord ME, McLean HS, Patel PK, Higginson A, Roth M, Beg FN. Transport of an intense proton beam from a cone-structured target through plastic foam with unique proton source modeling. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:055206. [PMID: 35706166 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.055206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser-accelerated proton beams are applicable to several research areas within high-energy density science, including warm dense matter generation, proton radiography, and inertial confinement fusion, which all involve transport of the beam through matter. We report on experimental measurements of intense proton beam transport through plastic foam blocks. The intense proton beam was accelerated by the 10ps, 700J OMEGA EP laser irradiating a curved foil target, and focused by an attached hollow cone. The protons then entered the foam block of density 0.38g/cm^{3} and thickness 0.55 or 1.00mm. At the rear of the foam block, a Cu layer revealed the cross section of the intense beam via proton- and hot electron-induced Cu-K_{α} emission. Images of x-ray emission show a bright spot on the rear Cu film indicative of a forward-directed beam without major breakup. 2D fluid-PIC simulations of the transport were conducted using a unique multi-injection source model incorporating energy-dependent beam divergence. Along with postprocessed calculations of the Cu-K_{α} emission profile, simulations showed that protons retain their ballistic transport through the foam and are able to heat the foam up to several keV in temperature. The total experimental emission profile for the 1.0mm foam agrees qualitatively with the simulated profile, suggesting that the protons indeed retain their beamlike qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - O Deppert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Kim
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S Wei
- General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M E Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Higginson
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
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14
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Martin P, Ahmed H, Doria D, Alejo A, Clarke R, Ferguson S, Fernández-Tobias J, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Green A, Green JS, Gwynne D, Hanton F, Jarrett J, Jung D, Kakolee KF, Krygier AG, Lewis CLS, McIlvenny A, McKenna P, Morrison JT, Najmudin Z, Naughton K, Nersisyan G, Norreys P, Notley M, Roth M, Ruiz JA, Scullion C, Zepf M, Zhai S, Borghesi M, Kar S. Absolute calibration of Fujifilm BAS-TR image plate response to laser driven protons up to 40 MeV. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053303. [PMID: 35649771 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Image plates (IPs) are a popular detector in the field of laser driven ion acceleration, owing to their high dynamic range and reusability. An absolute calibration of these detectors to laser-driven protons in the routinely produced tens of MeV energy range is, therefore, essential. In this paper, the response of Fujifilm BAS-TR IPs to 1-40 MeV protons is calibrated by employing the detectors in high resolution Thomson parabola spectrometers in conjunction with a CR-39 nuclear track detector to determine absolute proton numbers. While CR-39 was placed in front of the image plate for lower energy protons, it was placed behind the image plate for energies above 10 MeV using suitable metal filters sandwiched between the image plate and CR-39 to select specific energies. The measured response agrees well with previously reported calibrations as well as standard models of IP response, providing, for the first time, an absolute calibration over a large range of proton energies of relevance to current experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martin
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Ferguson
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Fernández-Tobias
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R R Freeman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Green
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Gwynne
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - F Hanton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Jarrett
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D Jung
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - K F Kakolee
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G Krygier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A McIlvenny
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J T Morrison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Z Najmudin
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Naughton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Scullion
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Zhai
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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15
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Morace A, Abe Y, Honrubia JJ, Iwata N, Arikawa Y, Nakata Y, Johzaki T, Yogo A, Sentoku Y, Mima K, Ma T, Mariscal D, Sakagami H, Norimatsu T, Tsubakimoto K, Kawanaka J, Tokita S, Miyanaga N, Shiraga H, Sakawa Y, Nakai M, Azechi H, Fujioka S, Kodama R. Super-strong magnetic field-dominated ion beam dynamics in focusing plasma devices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6876. [PMID: 35477961 PMCID: PMC9046386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High energy density physics is the field of physics dedicated to the study of matter and plasmas in extreme conditions of temperature, densities and pressures. It encompasses multiple disciplines such as material science, planetary science, laboratory and astrophysical plasma science. For the latter, high energy density states can be accompanied by extreme radiation environments and super-strong magnetic fields. The creation of high energy density states in the laboratory consists in concentrating/depositing large amounts of energy in a reduced mass, typically solid material sample or dense plasma, over a time shorter than the typical timescales of heat conduction and hydrodynamic expansion. Laser-generated, high current–density ion beams constitute an important tool for the creation of high energy density states in the laboratory. Focusing plasma devices, such as cone-targets are necessary in order to focus and direct these intense beams towards the heating sample or dense plasma, while protecting the proton generation foil from the harsh environments typical of an integrated high-power laser experiment. A full understanding of the ion beam dynamics in focusing devices is therefore necessary in order to properly design and interpret the numerous experiments in the field. In this work, we report a detailed investigation of large-scale, kilojoule-class laser-generated ion beam dynamics in focusing devices and we demonstrate that high-brilliance ion beams compress magnetic fields to amplitudes exceeding tens of kilo-Tesla, which in turn play a dominant role in the focusing process, resulting either in a worsening or enhancement of focusing capabilities depending on the target geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronautica y del Espacio, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Nakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Johzaki
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
| | - D Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
| | - H Sakagami
- National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - T Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - K Tsubakimoto
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - J Kawanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Tokita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - N Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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16
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Salgado-López C, Apiñaniz JI, Henares JL, Pérez-Hernández JA, de Luis D, Volpe L, Gatti G. Angular-Resolved Thomson Parabola Spectrometer for Laser-Driven Ion Accelerators. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093239. [PMID: 35590929 PMCID: PMC9104512 DOI: 10.3390/s22093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the development, construction, and experimental test of an angle-resolved Thomson parabola (TP) spectrometer for laser-accelerated multi-MeV ion beams in order to distinguish between ionic species with different charge-to-mass ratio. High repetition rate (HHR) compatibility is guaranteed by the use of a microchannel plate (MCP) as active particle detector. The angular resolving power, which is achieved due to an array of entrance pinholes, can be simply adjusted by modifying the geometry of the experiment and/or the pinhole array itself. The analysis procedure allows for different ion traces to cross on the detector plane, which greatly enhances the flexibility and capabilities of the detector. A full characterization of the TP magnetic field is implemented into a relativistic code developed for the trajectory calculation of each pinhole beamlet. We describe the first test of the spectrometer at the 1PW VEGA 3 laser facility at CLPU, Salamanca (Spain), where up to 15MeV protons and carbon ions from a 3μm laser-irradiated Al foil are detected.
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17
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Enhanced Proton Acceleration from Laser Interaction with a Tailored Nanowire Target. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Target normal sheath field acceleration via laser interaction with structured solid targets has been widely studied for its potential use in a wide range of applications. Here, a novel nanowire target with a corrugated front surface is proposed to improve the proton acceleration by a target normal sheath field. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrated that with the existence of the corrugated surface, the cut-off energy of accelerated protons nearly doubles compared to the planar nanowire target. When interacting with the corrugated surface, the incident laser pulse is reflected multiple times, focused and reinforced in each cavity near the front surface, which leads to suppression of the reflectivity and an improvement in the absorption rate. Electrons are heated more efficiently and the sheath field at the target rear side is naturally enhanced. To further investigate the performance of this novel target, a series of simulations with various laser intensities and target sizes were also carried out. This simple target design may provide insights for experiments in the future and should arouse interest because of its wide application.
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18
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Proton beam quality enhancement by spectral phase control of a PW-class laser system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7338. [PMID: 33795713 PMCID: PMC8017008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on experimental investigations of proton acceleration from solid foils irradiated with PW-class laser-pulses, where highest proton cut-off energies were achieved for temporal pulse parameters that varied significantly from those of an ideally Fourier transform limited (FTL) pulse. Controlled spectral phase modulation of the driver laser by means of an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter enabled us to manipulate the temporal shape of the last picoseconds around the main pulse and to study the effect on proton acceleration from thin foil targets. The results show that applying positive third order dispersion values to short pulses is favourable for proton acceleration and can lead to maximum energies of 70 MeV in target normal direction at 18 J laser energy for thin plastic foils, significantly enhancing the maximum energy compared to ideally compressed FTL pulses. The paper further proves the robustness and applicability of this enhancement effect for the use of different target materials and thicknesses as well as laser energy and temporal intensity contrast settings. We demonstrate that application relevant proton beam quality was reliably achieved over many months of operation with appropriate control of spectral phase and temporal contrast conditions using a state-of-the-art high-repetition rate PW laser system.
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19
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Apiñaniz JI, Malko S, Fedosejevs R, Cayzac W, Vaisseau X, de Luis D, Gatti G, McGuffey C, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Bhutwala K, Ospina-Bohorquez V, Balboa J, Santos JJ, Batani D, Beg F, Roso L, Perez-Hernandez JA, Volpe L. A quasi-monoenergetic short time duration compact proton source for probing high energy density states of matter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6881. [PMID: 33767262 PMCID: PMC7994565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the development of a highly directional, narrow energy band, short time duration proton beam operating at high repetition rate. The protons are generated with an ultrashort-pulse laser interacting with a solid target and converted to a pencil-like narrow-band beam using a compact magnet-based energy selector. We experimentally demonstrate the production of a proton beam with an energy of 500 keV and energy spread well below 10[Formula: see text], and a pulse duration of 260 ps. The energy loss of this beam is measured in a 2 [Formula: see text]m thick solid Mylar target and found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The short time duration of the proton pulse makes it particularly well suited for applications involving the probing of highly transient plasma states produced in laser-matter interaction experiments. This proton source is particularly relevant for measurements of the proton stopping power in high energy density plasmas and warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Apiñaniz
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - S Malko
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - W Cayzac
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | | | - D de Luis
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - M Bailly-Grandvaux
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - K Bhutwala
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - V Ospina-Bohorquez
- University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France.,CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - J Balboa
- University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J J Santos
- CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, University of Bordeaux, 33405, Talence, France
| | - F Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Perez-Hernandez
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, 37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Laser-Plasma Chair at the University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto Universitario Física Fundamental y Matemáticas, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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20
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Williams GJ, Link A, Sherlock M, Alessi DA, Bowers M, Golick BP, Hamamoto M, Hermann MR, Kalantar D, LaFortune KN, Mackinnon AJ, MacPhee A, Manuel MJE, Martinez D, Mauldin M, Pelz L, Prantil M, Quinn M, Remington B, Sigurdsson R, Wegner P, Youngblood K, Chen H. Order-of-magnitude increase in laser-target coupling at near-relativistic intensities using compound parabolic concentrators. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:L031201. [PMID: 33862680 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.l031201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a high conversion efficiency into relativistic electrons is central to short-pulse laser application and fundamentally relies on creating interaction regions with intensities ≫10^{18}W/cm^{2}. Small focal length optics are typically employed to achieve this goal; however, this solution is impractical for large kJ-class systems that are constrained by facility geometry, debris concerns, and component costs. We fielded target-mounted compound parabolic concentrators to overcome these limitations and achieved nearly an order-of-magnitude increase to the conversion efficiency and more than tripled electron temperature compared to flat targets. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that plasma confinement within the cone and formation of turbulent laser fields that develop from cone wall reflections are responsible for the improved laser-to-target coupling. These passive target components can be used to improve the coupling efficiency for all high-intensity short-pulse laser applications, particularly at large facilities with long focal length optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Link
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Alessi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B P Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K N LaFortune
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Sigurdsson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Youngblood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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21
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Kang D, Dai J, Bonitz M. Finite-temperature density-functional-theory investigation on the nonequilibrium transient warm-dense-matter state created by laser excitation. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:013210. [PMID: 33601505 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.013210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a finite-temperature density-functional-theory investigation of the nonequilibrium transient electronic structure of warm dense Li, Al, Cu, and Au created by laser excitation. Photons excite electrons either from the inner shell orbitals or from the valence bands according to the photon energy, and give rise to isochoric heating of the sample. Localized states related to the 3d orbital are observed for Cu when the hole lies in the inner shell 3s orbital. The electrical conductivity for these materials at nonequilibrium states is calculated using the Kubo-Greenwood formula. The change of the electrical conductivity, compared to the equilibrium state, is different for the case of holes in inner shell orbitals or the valence band. This is attributed to the competition of two factors: the shift of the orbital energies due to reduced screening of core electrons, and the increase of chemical potential due to the excitation of electrons. The finite-temperature effect of both the electrons and the ions on the electrical conductivity is discussed in detail. This work is helpful to better understand the physics of laser excitation experiments of warm dense matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.,Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dongdong Kang
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - M Bonitz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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22
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Vallières S, Salvadori M, Permogorov A, Cantono G, Svendsen K, Chen Z, Sun S, Consoli F, d'Humières E, Wahlström CG, Antici P. Enhanced laser-driven proton acceleration using nanowire targets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2226. [PMID: 33500441 PMCID: PMC7838319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration is a growing field of interest in the high-power laser community. One of the big challenges related to the most routinely used laser-driven ion acceleration mechanism, Target-Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA), is to enhance the laser-to-proton energy transfer such as to maximize the proton kinetic energy and number. A way to achieve this is using nanostructured target surfaces in the laser-matter interaction. In this paper, we show that nanowire structures can increase the maximum proton energy by a factor of two, triple the proton temperature and boost the proton numbers, in a campaign performed on the ultra-high contrast 10 TW laser at the Lund Laser Center (LLC). The optimal nanowire length, generating maximum proton energies around 6 MeV, is around 1–2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\upmu$$\end{document}μm. This nanowire length is sufficient to form well-defined highly-absorptive NW forests and short enough to minimize the energy loss of hot electrons going through the target bulk. Results are further supported by Particle-In-Cell simulations. Systematically analyzing nanowire length, diameter and gap size, we examine the underlying physical mechanisms that are provoking the enhancement of the longitudinal accelerating electric field. The parameter scan analysis shows that optimizing the spatial gap between the nanowires leads to larger enhancement than by the nanowire diameter and length, through increased electron heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vallières
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada. .,CELIA, Univ. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France.
| | - M Salvadori
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada.,National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy.,Univ. of Rome "La Sapienza", P. Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Permogorov
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Cantono
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Svendsen
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Z Chen
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - S Sun
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - F Consoli
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - E d'Humières
- CELIA, Univ. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33400, Talence, France
| | - C-G Wahlström
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Antici
- INRS-EMT, 1650 blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1P7, Canada
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23
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Wang T, Khudik V, Shvets G. Laser-Ion Lens and Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:024801. [PMID: 33512173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.024801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generation of highly collimated monoenergetic relativistic ion beams is one of the most challenging and promising areas in ultraintense laser-matter interactions because of the numerous scientific and technological applications that require such beams. We address this challenge by introducing the concept of laser-ion lensing and acceleration. Using a simple analogy with a gradient-index lens, we demonstrate that simultaneous focusing and acceleration of ions is accomplished by illuminating a shaped solid-density target by an intense laser pulse at ∼10^{22} W/cm^{2} intensity, and using the radiation pressure of the laser to deform or focus the target into a cubic micron spot. We show that the laser-ion lensing and acceleration process can be approximated using a simple deformable mirror model and then validate it using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of a two-species plasma target composed of electrons and ions. Extensive scans of the laser and target parameters identify the stable propagation regime where the Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability is suppressed. Stable focusing is found at different laser powers (from a few to multiple petawatts). Focused ion beams with the focused density of order 10^{23} cm^{-3}, energies in access of 750 MeV, and energy density up to 2×10^{13} J/cm^{3} at the focal point are predicted for future multipetawatt laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Vladimir Khudik
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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High energy implementation of coil-target scheme for guided re-acceleration of laser-driven protons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:699. [PMID: 33436708 PMCID: PMC7804017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing compact ion accelerators using intense lasers is a very active area of research, motivated by a strong applicative potential in science, industry and healthcare. However, proposed applications in medical therapy, as well as in nuclear and particle physics demand a strict control of ion energy, as well as of the angular and spectral distribution of ion beam, beyond the intrinsic limitations of the several acceleration mechanisms explored so far. Here we report on the production of highly collimated (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim 0.2^{\circ }$$\end{document}∼0.2∘ half angle divergence), high-charge (10s of pC) and quasi-monoenergetic proton beams up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}∼ 50 MeV, using a recently developed method based on helical coil targetry. In this concept, ions accelerated from a laser-irradiated foil are post-accelerated and conditioned in a helical structure positioned at the rear of the foil. The pencil beam of protons was produced by guided post-acceleration at a rate of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}∼ 2 GeV/m, without sacrificing the excellent beam emittance of the laser-driven proton beams. 3D particle tracing simulations indicate the possibility of sustaining high acceleration gradients over extended helical coil lengths, thus maximising the gain from such miniature accelerating modules.
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Abstract
This paper reviews the challenges posed by the physics of the interaction of high-peak power femtosecond lasers with ultrathin foil targets. Initially designed to produce warm solid-density plasmas through the isochoric heating of solid matter, the interaction of an ultrashort pulse with ultrathin foils is becoming more and more complex as the laser intensity is increased. The dream of achieving very hot solid density matter with extreme specific energy density faces several bottlenecks discussed here as related to the laser technology, to the complexity of the physical processes, and to the limits of our current time-resolved instrumentations.
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26
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Generation of focusing ion beams by magnetized electron sheath acceleration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18966. [PMID: 33144599 PMCID: PMC7641233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first 3D fully kinetic simulations of laser driven sheath-based ion acceleration with a kilotesla-level applied magnetic field. The application of a strong magnetic field significantly and beneficially alters sheath based ion acceleration and creates two distinct stages in the acceleration process associated with the time-evolving magnetization of the hot electron sheath. The first stage delivers dramatically enhanced acceleration, and the second reverses the typical outward-directed topology of the sheath electric field into a focusing configuration. The net result is a focusing, magnetic field-directed ion source of multiple species with strongly enhanced energy and number. The predicted improvements in ion source characteristics are desirable for applications and suggest a route to experimentally confirm magnetization-related effects in the high energy density regime. We additionally perform a comparison between 2D and 3D simulation geometry, on which basis we predict the feasibility of observing magnetic field effects under experimentally relevant conditions.
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27
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Snyder J, Morrison J, Feister S, Frische K, George K, Le M, Orban C, Ngirmang G, Chowdhury E, Roquemore W. Background pressure effects on MeV protons accelerated via relativistically intense laser-plasma interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18245. [PMID: 33106504 PMCID: PMC7588495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present how chamber background pressure affects energetic proton acceleration from an ultra-intense laser incident on a thin liquid target. A high-repetition-rate (100 Hz), 3.5 mJ laser with peak intensity of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$8 \times 10^{18}\,\text {Wcm}^{-2}$$\end{document}8×1018Wcm-2 impinged on a 450 nm sheet of flowing liquid ethylene glycol. For these parameters, we experimentally demonstrate a threshold in laser-to-proton conversion efficiency at background pressures \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$< 8\,\text {Torr}$$\end{document}<8Torr, wherein the overall energy in ions \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>1\,\text {MeV}$$\end{document}>1MeV increases by an order of magnitude. Proton acceleration becomes increasingly efficient at lower background pressures and laser-to-proton conversion efficiency approaches a constant as the vacuum pressure decreases. We present two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and a charge neutralization model to support our experimental findings. Our experiment demonstrates that high vacuum is not required for energetic ion acceleration, which relaxes target debris requirements and facilitates applications of high-repetition rate laser-based proton accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Snyder
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA.
| | - John Morrison
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Scott Feister
- Department of Computer Science, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Kyle Frische
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Kevin George
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Manh Le
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Orban
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Ngirmang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Enam Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Intense Energy Solutions, LLC, Plain City, OH, 43064, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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28
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Wu D, Yu W, Fritzsche S, He XT. Particle-in-cell simulation method for macroscopic degenerate plasmas. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:033312. [PMID: 33075929 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.033312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays hydrodynamic equations coupled with external equation of states provided by quantum mechanical calculations is a widely used approach for simulations of macroscopic degenerate plasmas. Although such an approach is proven to be efficient and shows many good features, especially for large scale simulations, it encounters intrinsic challenges when involving kinetic effects. As a complement, here we have invented a fully kinetic numerical approach for macroscopic degenerate plasmas. This approach is based on first principle Boltzmann-Uhling-Uhlenbeck equations coupled with Maxwell's equation, and is eventually achieved via an existing particle-in-cell simulation code named LAPINS. In this approach, degenerate particles obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and nondegenerate particles follow the typical Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. The equation of motion of both degenerate and nondegenerate particles are governed by long range collective electromagnetic fields and close particle-particle collisions. Especially, Boltzmann-Uhling-Uhlenbeck collisions ensure that evolution of degenerate particles is enforced by the Pauli exclusion principle. The code is applied to several benchmark simulations, including electronic conductivity for aluminium with varying temperatures from 2 eV to 50 eV, thermalization of alpha particles in a cold fuel shell in inertial confinement fusion, and rapid heating of solid sample by short and intense laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - X T He
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
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29
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Ren J, Deng Z, Qi W, Chen B, Ma B, Wang X, Yin S, Feng J, Liu W, Xu Z, Hoffmann DHH, Wang S, Fan Q, Cui B, He S, Cao Z, Zhao Z, Cao L, Gu Y, Zhu S, Cheng R, Zhou X, Xiao G, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wu D, Zhou W, Zhao Y. Observation of a high degree of stopping for laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5157. [PMID: 33057005 PMCID: PMC7560615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense particle beams generated from the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers with sample foils provide options in radiography, high-yield neutron sources, high-energy-density-matter generation, and ion fast ignition. An accurate understanding of beam transportation behavior in dense matter is crucial for all these applications. Here we report the experimental evidence on one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter, in comparison with the current-widely used models describing individual ion stopping in matter. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we attribute the enhancement to the strong decelerating electric field approaching 1 GV/m that can be created by the beam-driven return current. This collective effect plays the dominant role in the stopping of laser-accelerated intense proton beams in dense ionized matter. This finding is essential for the optimum design of ion driven fast ignition and inertial confinement fusion. A detailed understanding of particle stopping in matter is essential for nuclear fusion and high energy density science. Here, the authors report one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter in comparison with currently used models describing ion stopping in matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhigang Deng
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Benzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bubo Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhongfeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dieter H H Hoffmann
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Quanping Fan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Shukai He
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zhurong Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zongqing Zhao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Leifeng Cao
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Yuqiu Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Shaoping Zhu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, 100094, China.,Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, 712000, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 710049, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Yongtao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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30
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Curry CB, Dunning CAS, Gauthier M, Chou HGJ, Fiuza F, Glenn GD, Tsui YY, Bazalova-Carter M, Glenzer SH. Optimization of radiochromic film stacks to diagnose high-flux laser-accelerated proton beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:093303. [PMID: 33003776 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we extend flatbed scanner calibrations of GafChromic EBT3, MD-V3, and HD-V2 radiochromic films using high-precision x-ray irradiation and monoenergetic proton bombardment. By computing a visibility parameter based on fractional errors, optimal dose ranges and transitions between film types are identified. The visibility analysis is used to design an ideal radiochromic film stack for the proton energy spectrum expected from the interaction of a petawatt laser with a cryogenic hydrogen jet target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C A S Dunning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - M Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H-G J Chou
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G D Glenn
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - M Bazalova-Carter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - S H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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31
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Gong Z, Shou Y, Tang Y, Hu R, Yu J, Ma W, Lin C, Yan X. Proton sheet crossing in thin relativistic plasma irradiated by a femtosecond petawatt laser pulse. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:013207. [PMID: 32795002 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.013207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Leveraging on analyses of Hamiltonian dynamics to examine the ion motion, we explicitly demonstrate that the proton sheet crossing and plateau-type energy spectrum are two intrinsic features of the effectively accelerated proton beams driven by a drift quasistatic longitudinal electric field. Via two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we show the emergence of proton sheet crossing in a relativistically transparent plasma foil irradiated by a linearly polarized short pulse with the power of one petawatt. Instead of successively blowing the whole foil forward, the incident laser pulse readily penetrates through the plasma bulk, where the proton sheet crossing takes place and the merged self-generated longitudinal electric field traps and reflects the protons to yield a group of protons with plateau-type energy spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, KLHEDP, and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinren Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, KLHEDP, and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, KLHEDP, and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ronghao Hu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinqing Yu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, KLHEDP, and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, KLHEDP, and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, KLHEDP, and CAPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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32
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Barberio M, Giusepponi S, Vallières S, Scisció M, Celino M, Antici P. Ultra-Fast High-Precision Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis using Laser-Accelerated Protons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9570. [PMID: 32532997 PMCID: PMC7293332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration, as produced during the interaction of a high-intensity (I > 1 × 1018 W/cm2), short pulse (<1 ps) laser with a solid target, is a prosperous field of endeavor for manifold applications in different domains, including astrophysics, biomedicine and materials science. These emerging applications benefit from the unique features of the laser-accelerated particles such as short duration, intense flux and energy versatility, which allow obtaining unprecedented temperature and pressure conditions. In this paper, we show that laser-driven protons are perfectly suited for producing, in a single sub-ns laser pulse, metallic nanocrystals with tunable diameter ranging from tens to hundreds of nm and very high precision. Our method relies on the intense and very quick proton energy deposition, which induces in a bulk material an explosive boiling and produces nanocrystals that aggregate in a plasma plume composed by atoms detached from the proton-irradiated surface. The properties of the obtained particles depend on the deposited proton energy and on the duration of the thermodynamical process. Suitably controlling the irradiated dose allows fabricating nanocrystals of a specific size with low polydispersity that can easily be isolated in order to obtain a monodisperse nanocrystal solution. Molecular Dynamics simulations confirm our experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barberio
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - S Giusepponi
- ENEA, C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - S Vallières
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
- CELIA, Uni. of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence, 33400, France
| | - M Scisció
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
- ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department, C.R. Frascati - Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Celino
- ENEA, C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - P Antici
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada.
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33
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Focussing Protons from a Kilojoule Laser for Intense Beam Heating using Proximal Target Structures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9415. [PMID: 32523004 PMCID: PMC7287069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton beams driven by chirped pulse amplified lasers have multi-picosecond duration and can isochorically and volumetrically heat material samples, potentially providing an approach for creating samples of warm dense matter with conditions not present on Earth. Envisioned on a larger scale, they could heat fusion fuel to achieve ignition. We have shown in an experiment that a kilojoule-class, multi-picosecond short pulse laser is particularly effective for heating materials. The proton beam can be focussed via target design to achieve exceptionally high flux, important for the applications mentioned. The laser irradiated spherically curved diamond-like-carbon targets with intensity 4 × 1018 W/cm2, producing proton beams with 3 MeV slope temperature. A Cu witness foil was positioned behind the curved target, and the gap between was either empty or spanned with a structure. With a structured target, the total emission of Cu Kα fluorescence was increased 18 fold and the emission profile was consistent with a tightly focussed beam. Transverse proton radiography probed the target with ps order temporal and 10 μm spatial resolution, revealing the fast-acting focussing electric field. Complementary particle-in-cell simulations show how the structures funnel protons to the tight focus. The beam of protons and neutralizing electrons induce the bright Kα emission observed and heat the Cu to 100 eV.
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34
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Brack FE, Kroll F, Gaus L, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Cowan TE, Karsch L, Kraft S, Kunz-Schughart LA, Lessmann E, Metzkes-Ng J, Obst-Huebl L, Pawelke J, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Sobiella M, Szabó ER, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Spectral and spatial shaping of laser-driven proton beams using a pulsed high-field magnet beamline. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9118. [PMID: 32499539 PMCID: PMC7272427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense laser-driven proton pulses, inherently broadband and highly divergent, pose a challenge to established beamline concepts on the path to application-adapted irradiation field formation, particularly for 3D. Here we experimentally show the successful implementation of a highly efficient (50% transmission) and tuneable dual pulsed solenoid setup to generate a homogeneous (laterally and in depth) volumetric dose distribution (cylindrical volume of 5 mm diameter and depth) at a single pulse dose of 0.7 Gy via multi-energy slice selection from the broad input spectrum. The experiments were conducted at the Petawatt beam of the Dresden Laser Acceleration Source Draco and were aided by a predictive simulation model verified by proton transport studies. With the characterised beamline we investigated manipulation and matching of lateral and depth dose profiles to various desired applications and targets. Using an adapted dose profile, we performed a first proof-of-technical-concept laser-driven proton irradiation of volumetric in-vitro tumour tissue (SAS spheroids) to demonstrate concurrent operation of laser accelerator, beam shaping, dosimetry and irradiation procedure of volumetric biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Emília Rita Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged, H-6728, Hungary
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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35
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Tahir NA, Neumayer P, Lomonosov IV, Shutov A, Bagnoud V, Piriz AR, Piriz SA, Deutsch C. Studies of equation of state properties of high-energy-density matter generated by intense ion beams at the facility for antiprotons and ion research. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023202. [PMID: 32168599 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The work presented in this paper shows with the help of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that intense heavy-ion beams are a very efficient tool to induce high energy density (HED) states in solid matter. These simulations have been carried out using a computer code BIG2 that is based on a Godunov-type numerical algorithm. This code includes ion beam energy deposition using the cold stopping model, which is a valid approximation for the temperature range accessed in these simulations. Different phases of matter achieved due to the beam heating are treated using a semiempirical equation-of-state (EOS) model. To take care of the solid material properties, the Prandl-Reuss model is used. The high specific power deposited by the projectile particles in the target leads to phase transitions on a timescale of the order of tens of nanosecond, which means that the sample material achieves thermodynamic equilibrium during the heating process. In these calculations we use Pb as the sample material that is irradiated by an intense uranium beam. The beam parameters including particle energy, focal spot size, bunch length, and bunch intensity are considered to be the same as the design parameters of the ion beam to be generated by the SIS100 heavy-ion synchrotron at the Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR), at Darmstadt. The purpose of this work is to propose experiments to measure the EOS properties of HED matter including studies of the processes of phase transitions at the FAIR facility. Our simulations have shown that depending on the specific energy deposition, solid lead will undergo phase transitions leading to an expanded hot liquid state, two-phase liquid-gas state, or the critical parameter regime. In a similar manner, other materials can be studied in such experiments, which will be a very useful addition to the knowledge in this important field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Tahir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I V Lomonosov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia and Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - A Shutov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A R Piriz
- E.S.T.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S A Piriz
- E.S.T.I. Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Deutsch
- Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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36
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Ping Y, Whitley HD, McKelvey A, Kemp GE, Sterne PA, Shepherd R, Marinak M, Hua R, Beg FN, Eggert JH. Heat-release equation of state and thermal conductivity of warm dense carbon by proton differential heating. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:043204. [PMID: 31771018 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Warm dense carbon is generated at 0.3-2.0 g/cc and 1-7 eV by proton heating. The release equation of state (EOS) after heating and thermal conductivity of warm dense carbon are studied experimentally in this regime using a Au/C dual-layer target to initiate a temperature gradient and two picosecond time-resolved diagnostics to probe the surface expansion and heat flow. Comparison between the data and simulations using various EOSs and thermal conductivity models is quantified with a statistical χ^{2} analysis. Out of seven EOS tables and five thermal conductivity models, only L9061 with the Lee-More model provides a probability above 50% to match all data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Heather D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Andrew McKelvey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Gregory E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Phillp A Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Ronnie Shepherd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Marty Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Rui Hua
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Farhat N Beg
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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37
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Morace A, Iwata N, Sentoku Y, Mima K, Arikawa Y, Yogo A, Andreev A, Tosaki S, Vaisseau X, Abe Y, Kojima S, Sakata S, Hata M, Lee S, Matsuo K, Kamitsukasa N, Norimatsu T, Kawanaka J, Tokita S, Miyanaga N, Shiraga H, Sakawa Y, Nakai M, Nishimura H, Azechi H, Fujioka S, Kodama R. Enhancing laser beam performance by interfering intense laser beamlets. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2995. [PMID: 31278266 PMCID: PMC6611939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the laser energy absorption into energetic particle beams represents a longstanding quest in intense laser-plasma physics. During the interaction with matter, part of the laser energy is converted into relativistic electron beams, which are the origin of secondary sources of energetic ions, γ-rays and neutrons. Here we experimentally demonstrate that using multiple coherent laser beamlets spatially and temporally overlapped, thus producing an interference pattern in the laser focus, significantly improves the laser energy conversion efficiency into hot electrons, compared to one beam with the same energy and nominal intensity as the four beamlets combined. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations support the experimental results, suggesting that beamlet interference pattern induces a periodical shaping of the critical density, ultimately playing a key-role in enhancing the laser-to-electron energy conversion efficiency. This method is rather insensitive to laser pulse contrast and duration, making this approach robust and suitable to many existing facilities. Enhanced coupling of laser energy to the target particles is a fundamental issue in laser-plasma interactions. Here the authors demonstrate increased photon absorption leading into higher laser to electron and proton energy transfer through the interference of multiple coherent beamlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - N Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Andreev
- Max Born Institute for non-linear optics and short pulse spectroscopy, Berlin, 12489, Germany.,St. Petersburg State University, Sankt-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - S Tosaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - X Vaisseau
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Kamitsukasa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Kawanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Tokita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nishimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - R Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Bhadoria S, Kumar N. Collisionless shock acceleration of quasimonoenergetic ions in ultrarelativistic regime. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:043205. [PMID: 31108686 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.043205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Collisionless shock acceleration of carbon ions (C^{6+}) is investigated in the ultrarelativistic regime of laser-plasma interaction by accounting for the radiation reaction force and the pair production in particle-in-cell simulations. Both radiation reaction force and pair-plasma formation tend to slow down the shock velocity, reducing the energy of the accelerated ions, albeit extending the timescales of the acceleration process. The slab plasma target achieves a lower energy spread while the target with a tailored density profile yields higher ion acceleration energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bhadoria
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Bin JH, Ji Q, Seidl PA, Raftrey D, Steinke S, Persaud A, Nakamura K, Gonsalves A, Leemans WP, Schenkel T. Absolute calibration of GafChromic film for very high flux laser driven ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053301. [PMID: 31153260 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the calibration of GafChromic HD-v2 radiochromic film in the extremely high dose regime up to 100 kGy together with very high dose rates up to 7 × 1011 Gy/s. The absolute calibration was done with nanosecond ion bunches at the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II particle accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and covers a broad dose dynamic range over three orders of magnitude. We then applied the resulting calibration curve to calibrate a laser driven ion experiment performed on the BELLA petawatt laser facility at LBNL. Here, we reconstructed the spatial and energy resolved distributions of the laser-accelerated proton beams. The resulting proton distribution is in fair agreement with the spectrum that was measured with a Thomson spectrometer in combination with a microchannel plate detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Bin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P A Seidl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Raftrey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Steinke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Persaud
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Gonsalves
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Schenkel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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40
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Sawada H, Sentoku Y, Yabuuchi T, Zastrau U, Förster E, Beg FN, Chen H, Kemp AJ, McLean HS, Patel PK, Ping Y. Monochromatic 2D Kα Emission Images Revealing Short-Pulse Laser Isochoric Heating Mechanism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:155002. [PMID: 31050520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid heating of a thin titanium foil by a high intensity, subpicosecond laser is studied by using a 2D narrow-band x-ray imaging and x-ray spectroscopy. A novel monochromatic imaging diagnostic tuned to 4.51 keV Ti Kα was used to successfully visualize a significantly ionized area (⟨Z⟩>17±1) of the solid density plasma to be within a ∼35 μm diameter spot in the transverse direction and 2 μm in depth. The measurements and a 2D collisional particle-in-cell simulation reveal that, in the fast isochoric heating of solid foil by an intense laser light, such a high ionization state in solid titanium is achieved by thermal diffusion from the hot preplasma in a few picoseconds after the pulse ends. The shift of Kα and formation of a missing Kα cannot be explained with the present atomic physics model. The measured Kα image is reproduced only when a phenomenological model for the Kα shift with a threshold ionization of ⟨Z⟩=17 is included. This work reveals how the ionization state and electron temperature of the isochorically heated nonequilibrium plasma are independently increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawada
- University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0220, USA
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - U Zastrau
- European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - E Förster
- IOQ, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute at Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - F N Beg
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
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41
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Li J, Arefiev AV, Bulanov SS, Kawahito D, Bailly-Grandvaux M, Petrov GM, McGuffey C, Beg FN. Ionization injection of highly-charged copper ions for laser driven acceleration from ultra-thin foils. Sci Rep 2019; 9:666. [PMID: 30679670 PMCID: PMC6345865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven ion acceleration is often analyzed assuming that ionization reaches a steady state early in the interaction of the laser pulse with the target. This assumption breaks down for materials of high atomic number for which the ionization occurs concurrently with the acceleration process. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we have examined acceleration and simultaneous field ionization of copper ions in ultra-thin targets (20-150 nm thick) irradiated by a laser pulse with intensity 1 × 1021 W/cm2. At this intensity, the laser pulse drives strong electric fields at the rear side of the target that can ionize Cu to charge states with valence L-shell or full K-shell. The highly-charged ions are produced only in a very localized region due to a significant gap between the M- and L-shells' ionization potentials and can be accelerated by strong, forward-directed sections of the field. Such an "ionization injection" leads to well-pronounced bunches of energetic, highly-charged ions. We also find that for the thinnest target (20 nm) a push by the laser further increases the ion energy gain. Thus, the field ionization, concurrent with the acceleration, offers a promising mechanism for the production of energetic, high-charge ion bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alexey V Arefiev
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Daiki Kawahito
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - George M Petrov
- Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Christopher McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Farhat N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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42
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Matsui R, Fukuda Y, Kishimoto Y. Quasimonoenergetic Proton Bunch Acceleration Driven by Hemispherically Converging Collisionless Shock in a Hydrogen Cluster Coupled with Relativistically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:014804. [PMID: 31012641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.014804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An approach for accelerating a quasimonoenergetic proton bunch via a hemispherically converging collisionless shock created in laser-cluster interactions at the relativistically induced transparency (RIT) regime is studied using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. By the action of focusing a petawatt class laser pulse onto a micron-size spherical hydrogen cluster, a crescent-shaped collisionless shock is launched at the laser-irradiated hemisphere and propagates inward. The shock converges at the sphere center in concurrence with the onset of the RIT, thereby allowing the proton bunch to be pushed out from the shock surface in the laser propagation direction. The proton bunch experiences further acceleration both inside and outside of the cluster to finally exhibit a quasimonoenergetic spectral peak around 300 MeV while maintaining a narrow energy spread (∼10%) and a small half-divergence angle (∼5°) via the effect of the RIT. This mechanism works for finite ranges of parameters with threshold values concerning the laser peak intensity and the cluster radius, resulting from the synchronization of the multiple processes in a self-consistent manner. The present scheme utilizing the internal and external degrees of freedom ascribed to the spherical cluster leads to the proton bunch alternative to the plain target, which allows the operation with a high repetition rate and impurity free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Matsui
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukuda
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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43
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Obst-Huebl L, Ziegler T, Brack FE, Branco J, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Garten M, Gauthier M, Göde S, Glenzer SH, Huebl A, Irman A, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft SD, Kroll F, Metzkes-Ng J, Pausch R, Prencipe I, Rehwald M, Roedel C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Zeil K. All-optical structuring of laser-driven proton beam profiles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5292. [PMID: 30546015 PMCID: PMC6294339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme field gradients intrinsic to relativistic laser-interactions with thin solid targets enable compact MeV proton accelerators with unique bunch characteristics. Yet, direct control of the proton beam profile is usually not possible. Here we present a readily applicable all-optical approach to imprint detailed spatial information from the driving laser pulse onto the proton bunch. In a series of experiments, counter-intuitively, the spatial profile of the energetic proton bunch was found to exhibit identical structures as the fraction of the laser pulse passing around a target of limited size. Such information transfer between the laser pulse and the naturally delayed proton bunch is attributed to the formation of quasi-static electric fields in the beam path by ionization of residual gas. Essentially acting as a programmable memory, these fields provide access to a higher level of proton beam manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Branco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes-Ng
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irene Prencipe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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44
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Anomalous material-dependent transport of focused, laser-driven proton beams. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17538. [PMID: 30510273 PMCID: PMC6277378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense lasers can accelerate protons in sufficient numbers and energy that the resulting beam can heat materials to exotic warm (10 s of eV temperature) states. Here we show with experimental data that a laser-driven proton beam focused onto a target heated it in a localized spot with size strongly dependent upon material and as small as 35 μm radius. Simulations indicate that cold stopping power values cannot model the intense proton beam transport in solid targets well enough to match the large differences observed. In the experiment a 74 J, 670 fs laser drove a focusing proton beam that transported through different thicknesses of solid Mylar, Al, Cu or Au, eventually heating a rear, thin, Au witness layer. The XUV emission seen from the rear of the Au indicated a clear dependence of proton beam transport upon atomic number, Z, of the transport layer: a larger and brighter emission spot was measured after proton transport through the lower Z foils even with equal mass density for supposed equivalent proton stopping range. Beam transport dynamics pertaining to the observed heated spot were investigated numerically with a particle-in-cell (PIC) code. In simulations protons moving through an Al transport layer result in higher Au temperature responsible for higher Au radiant emittance compared to a Cu transport case. The inferred finding that proton stopping varies with temperature in different materials, considerably changing the beam heating profile, can guide applications seeking to controllably heat targets with intense proton beams.
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45
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McGuffey C, Dozières M, Kim J, Savin A, Park J, Emig J, Brabetz C, Carlson L, Heeter RF, McLean HS, Moody J, Schneider MB, Wei MS, Beg FN. Soft X-ray backlighter source driven by a short-pulse laser for pump-probe characterization of warm dense matter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10F122. [PMID: 30399802 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a pump-probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy temperature measurement technique appropriate for matter having temperature in the range of 10 to a few 100 eV and density up to solid density. Atomic modeling simulations indicate that for various low- to mid-Z materials in this range the energy and optical depth of bound-bound and bound-free absorption features are sensitive to temperature. We discuss sample thickness and tamp layer considerations. A series of experimental investigations was carried out using a range of laser parameters with pulse duration ≤5 ps and various pure and alloyed materials to identify backlighter sources suitable for the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McGuffey
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M Dozières
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Kim
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - A Savin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Emig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Brabetz
- Plasma Physics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum, Darmstadt D-64291, Germany
| | - L Carlson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R F Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M S Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - F N Beg
- Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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46
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Mariscal D, Williams GJ, Chen H, Ayers S, Lemos N, Kerr S, Ma T. Calibration of proton dispersion for the NIF electron positron proton spectrometer (NEPPS) for short-pulse laser experiments on the NIF ARC. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10I145. [PMID: 30399771 DOI: 10.1063/1.5039388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Experiments using the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) laser at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) aim to characterize short-pulse-driven proton beams for use as both probes and drivers for high-energy-density physics experiments. Measurements of ARC-driven proton beam characteristics, such as energy spectrum and conversion efficiency, rely on the NIF Electron Positron Proton Spectrometer (NEPPS). The NEPPS diagnostic is a version of an existing particle spectrometer which is used for detecting MeV electron and positron spectra via permanent magnetic field dispersion. These spectrometers have not yet been calibrated for protons and instead use an analytical calculation to estimate the dispersion. Small variations in the field uniformity can affect the proton dispersion due to the relatively small resolving power (E/dE) for this diagnostic. A broadband energy, laser-accelerated proton source was produced at the Titan laser to experimentally calibrate the proton dispersion. These experimental data were used to test the theoretical dispersion. Numerical simulations using measurements of the magnetic field variation within the diagnostic were used to obtain a realistic proton dispersion curve for the new NEPPS units. This procedure for obtaining each independent dispersion is applicable to all EPPS and NEPPS diagnostics, given the axial magnetic field profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Ayers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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47
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Jahn D, Träger M, Kis M, Brabetz C, Schumacher D, Blažević A, Ciobanu M, Pomorski M, Bonnes U, Busold S, Kroll F, Brack FE, Schramm U, Roth M. Chemical-vapor deposited ultra-fast diamond detectors for temporal measurements of ion bunches. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:093304. [PMID: 30278706 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the development of thin diamond detectors and their characterization for their application in temporal profile measurements of subnanosecond ion bunches. Two types of diamonds were used: a 20 μm thin polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond and a membrane with a thickness of (5 ± 1) μm etched out of a single crystal (sc) CVD diamond. The combination of a small detector electrode and an impedance matched signal outlet leads to excellent time response properties with a signal pulse resolution (FWHM) of τ = (113 ± 11) ps. Such a fast diamond detector is a perfect device for the time of flight measurements of MeV ions with bunch durations in the subnanosecond regime. The scCVD diamond membrane detector was successfully implemented within the framework of the laser ion generation handling and transport project, in which ion beams are accelerated via a laser-driven source and shaped with conventional accelerator technology. The detector was used to measure subnanosecond proton bunches with an intensity of 108 protons per bunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jahn
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Träger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Kis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Schumacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Blažević
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Ciobanu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Pomorski
- CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - U Bonnes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Busold
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Kroll
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - F-E Brack
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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48
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Chen Z, Mo M, Soulard L, Recoules V, Hering P, Tsui YY, Glenzer SH, Ng A. Interatomic Potential in the Nonequilibrium Warm Dense Matter Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:075002. [PMID: 30169102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new measurement of lattice disassembly times in femtosecond-laser-heated polycrystalline Au nanofoils. The results are compared with molecular dynamics simulations incorporating a highly optimized, embedded-atom-method interatomic potential. For absorbed energy densities of 0.9-4.3 MJ/kg, the agreement between the experiment and simulation reveals a single-crystal-like behavior of homogeneous melting and corroborates the applicability of the interatomic potential in the nonequilibrium warm dense matter regime. For energy densities below 0.9 MJ/kg, the measurement is consistent with nanocrystal behavior where melting is initiated at the grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Soulard
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - P Hering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G-2V4, Canada
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Ng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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49
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Stillman CR, Nilson PM, Sefkow AB, Ivancic ST, Mileham C, Begishev IA, Froula DH. Energy transfer dynamics in strongly inhomogeneous hot-dense-matter systems. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:063208. [PMID: 30011604 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Direct measurements of energy transfer across steep density and temperature gradients in a hot-dense-matter system are presented. Hot-dense-plasma conditions were generated by high-intensity laser irradiation of a thin-foil target containing a buried metal layer. Energy transfer to the layer was measured using picosecond time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy. The data show two x-ray flashes in time. Fully explicit, coupled particle-in-cell and collisional-radiative atomic kinetics model predictions reproduce these observations, connecting the two x-ray flashes with staged radial energy transfer within the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Stillman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Mileham
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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50
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Design and optimization of a compact laser-driven proton beamline. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6299. [PMID: 29674639 PMCID: PMC5908965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-accelerated protons, generated by irradiating a solid target with a short, energetic laser pulse at high intensity (I > 1018 W·cm-2), represent a complementary if not outperforming source compared to conventional accelerators, due to their intrinsic features, such as high beam charge and short bunch duration. However, the broadband energy spectrum of these proton sources is a bottleneck that precludes their use in applications requiring a more reduced energy spread. Consequently, in recent times strong effort has been put to overcome these limits and to develop laser-driven proton beamlines with low energy spread. In this paper, we report on beam dynamics simulations aiming at optimizing a laser-driven beamline - i.e. a laser-based proton source coupled to conventional magnetic beam manipulation devices - producing protons with a reduced energy spread, usable for applications. The energy range of investigation goes from 2 to 20 MeV, i.e. the typical proton energies that can be routinely obtained using commercial TW-power class laser systems. Our beamline design is capable of reducing the energy spread below 20%, still keeping the overall transmission efficiency around 1% and producing a proton spot-size in the range of 10 mm2. We briefly discuss the results in the context of applications in the domain of Cultural Heritage.
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