1
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Jahnke T, Hergenhahn U, Winter B, Dörner R, Frühling U, Demekhin PV, Gokhberg K, Cederbaum LS, Ehresmann A, Knie A, Dreuw A. Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11295-11369. [PMID: 33035051 PMCID: PMC7596762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Jahnke
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik and Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Physical-Chemistry
Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Physical-Chemistry
Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Niozu A, Yokono N, Nishiyama T, Fukuzawa H, Sakurazawa T, Matsuda K, Takanashi T, You D, Li Y, Ono T, Gaumnitz T, Schöffler M, Grundmann S, Wada SI, Carpeggiani P, Xu WQ, Liu XJ, Owada S, Tono K, Togashi T, Yabashi M, Kryzhevoi NV, Gokhberg K, Kuleff AI, Cederbaum LS, Ueda K, Nagaya K. Electron spectroscopic study of nanoplasma formation triggered by intense soft x-ray pulses. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:184305. [PMID: 31731862 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using electron spectroscopy, we investigated the nanoplasma formation process generated in xenon clusters by intense soft x-ray free electron laser (FEL) pulses. We found clear FEL intensity dependence of electron spectra. Multistep ionization and subsequent ionization frustration features are evident for the low FEL-intensity region, and the thermal electron emission emerges at the high FEL intensity. The present FEL intensity dependence of the electron spectra is well addressed by the frustration parameter introduced by Arbeiter and Fennel [New J. Phys. 13, 053022 (2011)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Niozu
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naomichi Yokono
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tsukasa Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yiwen Li
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Taishi Ono
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Paolo Carpeggiani
- Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Photonik, Gußhausstraße 27-29, A-1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Wei Qing Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jing Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Kensuke Tono
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | | | - Nikolai V Kryzhevoi
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander I Kuleff
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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3
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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4
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Hansen K, Richter R, Alagia M, Stranges S, Schio L, Salén P, Yatsyna V, Feifel R, Zhaunerchyk V. Single Photon Thermal Ionization of C_{60}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:103001. [PMID: 28339240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on experiments which show that C_{60} can ionize in an indirect, quasithermal boiloff process after absorption of a single photon. The process involves a large number of incoherently excited valence electrons and yields electron spectra with a Boltzmann distribution with temperatures exceeding 10^{4} K. It is expected to be present for other molecules and clusters with a comparatively large number of valence electrons. The astrophysical consequences are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klavs Hansen
- Tianjin International Center of Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Alagia
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5 Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Stranges
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5 Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Universitá Sapienza, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Luca Schio
- IOM-CNR Tasc, SS-14, Km 163.5 Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Salén
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vasyl Yatsyna
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vitali Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Hansen K. Single photon transient hot electron ionization of C 60. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19699-19706. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Survival probability vs. time of hot electron-excited C60 at energies 10 through 70 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hansen
- Tianjin International Center of Nanoparticles and Nanosystems
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
- Department of Physics
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6
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Schütte B, Ye P, Patchkovskii S, Austin DR, Brahms C, Strüber C, Witting T, Ivanov MY, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP. Strong-field ionization of clusters using two-cycle pulses at 1.8 μm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39664. [PMID: 28009012 PMCID: PMC5180105 DOI: 10.1038/srep39664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of intense laser pulses with nanoscale particles leads to the production of high-energy electrons, ions, neutral atoms, neutrons and photons. Up to now, investigations have focused on near-infrared to X-ray laser pulses consisting of many optical cycles. Here we study strong-field ionization of rare-gas clusters (103 to 105 atoms) using two-cycle 1.8 μm laser pulses to access a new interaction regime in the limit where the electron dynamics are dominated by the laser field and the cluster atoms do not have time to move significantly. The emission of fast electrons with kinetic energies exceeding 3 keV is observed using laser pulses with a wavelength of 1.8 μm and an intensity of 1 × 1015 W/cm2, whereas only electrons below 500 eV are observed at 800 nm using a similar intensity and pulse duration. Fast electrons are preferentially emitted along the laser polarization direction, showing that they are driven out from the cluster by the laser field. In addition to direct electron emission, an electron rescattering plateau is observed. Scaling to even longer wavelengths is expected to result in a highly directional current of energetic electrons on a few-femtosecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schütte
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Dane R. Austin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christian Brahms
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christian Strüber
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tobias Witting
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Misha Yu. Ivanov
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - John W. G. Tisch
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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7
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Rupp D, Flückiger L, Adolph M, Gorkhover T, Krikunova M, Müller JP, Müller M, Oelze T, Ovcharenko Y, Röben B, Sauppe M, Schorb S, Wolter D, Mitzner R, Wöstmann M, Roling S, Harmand M, Treusch R, Arbeiter M, Fennel T, Bostedt C, Möller T. Recombination-Enhanced Surface Expansion of Clusters in Intense Soft X-Ray Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:153401. [PMID: 27768378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the nanoplasma formation and explosion dynamics of single large xenon clusters in ultrashort, intense x-ray free-electron laser pulses via ion spectroscopy. The simultaneous measurement of single-shot diffraction images enabled a single-cluster analysis that is free from any averaging over the cluster size and laser intensity distributions. The measured charge state-resolved ion energy spectra show narrow distributions with peak positions that scale linearly with final ion charge state. These two distinct signatures are attributed to highly efficient recombination that eventually leads to the dominant formation of neutral atoms in the cluster. The measured mean ion energies exceed the value expected without recombination by more than an order of magnitude, indicating that the energy release resulting from electron-ion recombination constitutes a previously unnoticed nanoplasma heating process. This conclusion is supported by results from semiclassical molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rupp
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Marcus Adolph
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- LCLS, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Maria Krikunova
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philippe Müller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Müller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Oelze
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yevheniy Ovcharenko
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Röben
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Sauppe
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- LCLS, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David Wolter
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wöstmann
- Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Treusch
- FLASH, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- LCLS, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Observation of correlated electronic decay in expanding clusters triggered by near-infrared fields. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8596. [PMID: 26469997 PMCID: PMC4634218 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When an excited atom is embedded into an environment, novel relaxation pathways can emerge that are absent for isolated atoms. A well-known example is interatomic Coulombic decay, where an excited atom relaxes by transferring its excess energy to another atom in the environment, leading to its ionization. Such processes have been observed in clusters ionized by extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray lasers. Here, we report on a correlated electronic decay process that occurs following nanoplasma formation and Rydberg atom generation in the ionization of clusters by intense, non-resonant infrared laser fields. Relaxation of the Rydberg states and transfer of the available electronic energy to adjacent electrons in Rydberg states or quasifree electrons in the expanding nanoplasma leaves a distinct signature in the electron kinetic energy spectrum. These so far unobserved electron-correlation-driven energy transfer processes may play a significant role in the response of any nano-scale system to intense laser light. In clusters, relaxation of excited atoms can lead to ionization of nearby atoms, a process known as interatomic Coulomb decay. Here, the authors report on a so far unobserved correlated electronic decay process following Rydberg atom generation in clusters ionized by intense near-infrared fields.
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9
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Schütte B, Campi F, Arbeiter M, Fennel T, Vrakking MJJ, Rouzée A. Tracing electron-ion recombination in nanoplasmas produced by extreme-ultraviolet irradiation of rare-gas clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:253401. [PMID: 25014813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.253401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate electron-ion recombination in nanoplasmas produced by the ionization of rare-gas clusters with intense femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses. The relaxation dynamics following XUV irradiation is studied using time-delayed 790-nm pulses, revealing the generation of a large number of excited atoms resulting from electron-ion recombination. In medium-sized Ar-Xe clusters, these atoms are preferentially created in the Xe core within 10 ps after the cluster ionization. The ionization of excited atoms serves as a sensitive probe for monitoring the cluster expansion dynamics up to the ns time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Campi
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Arbeiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Th Fennel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Johansson JO, Campbell EEB. Probing excited electronic states and ionisation mechanisms of fullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5661-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Silva JL, Crespo HM, Weigand R. Generation of high-energy vacuum UV femtosecond pulses by multiple-beam cascaded four-wave mixing in a transparent solid. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:1968-1973. [PMID: 21556095 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.001968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ultrashort vacuum UV (VUV) pulses by nondegenerate cascaded four-wave mixing of femtosecond pulses in a thin slide of a large band-gap transparent solid is numerically demonstrated. Using a novel noncollinear multiple-beam configuration, cascaded four-wave mixing of amplified 30 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses at 800 nm, and their second harmonic in lithium fluoride results in the generation of VUV radiation down to 134 nm with energies in the μJ range and durations comparable to those of the pump pulses. The proposed geometry is advantageous in large dispersion scenarios, namely for generating radiation close to absorption bands. Hence these results set this technique as a promising way to efficiently generate ultrashort VUV radiation in solids for several applications in science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Silva
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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12
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Kjellberg M, Bulgakov AV, Goto M, Johansson O, Hansen K. Femtosecond electron spectroscopy of coronene, benzo[GHI]perylene, and anthracene. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:074308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3466925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Murphy BF, Hoffmann K, Belolipetski A, Keto J, Ditmire T. Explosion of xenon clusters driven by intense femtosecond pulses of extreme ultraviolet light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:203401. [PMID: 19113338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The explosions of large xenon clusters irradiated by intense, femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses at a wavelength of 38 nm have been studied. Using high harmonic generation from a 35 fs laser, clusters have been irradiated by extreme ultraviolet pulses at intensity approaching 10;{11} W/cm;{2}. Charge states up to Xe8+ are observed, states well above those produced by single atom illumination, indicating that plasma continuum lowering is important. Furthermore, the kinetic energy distribution of the exploding ions is consistent with a quasineutral hydrodynamic expansion, rather than a Coulomb explosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Murphy
- Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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14
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Bostedt C, Thomas H, Hoener M, Eremina E, Fennel T, Meiwes-Broer KH, Wabnitz H, Kuhlmann M, Plönjes E, Tiedtke K, Treusch R, Feldhaus J, de Castro ARB, Möller T. Multistep ionization of argon clusters in intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:133401. [PMID: 18517951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.133401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of intense extreme ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses (lambda = 32.8 nm) from the FLASH free electron laser (FEL) with clusters has been investigated by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and modeled by Monte Carlo simulations. For laser intensities up to 5x10(13) W/cm(2), we find that the cluster ionization process is a sequence of direct electron emission events in a developing Coulomb field. A nanoplasma is formed only at the highest investigated power densities where ionization is frustrated due to the deep cluster potential. In contrast with earlier studies in the IR and vacuum ultraviolet spectral regime, we find no evidence for electron emission from plasma heating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bostedt
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Bldg. EW 3-1, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Schiwietz G, Roth M, Czerski K, Staufenbiel F, Grande PL. Indications for enhanced auger-electron absorption in a hot-electron gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:197602. [PMID: 18233115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.197602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state Auger-electron angular distributions are known to be largely independent of the type of excitation, following roughly a cosine law for low ejection energies. In this Letter it is shown that the ion-track dynamics and the corresponding high electron temperatures lead to significant variations of these Auger distributions. Ratios for different degrees of inner-shell ionization versus angle are sensitive to the high-energy-deposition density. The ratios show a minimum for emission angles close to the ion-track direction, consistent with enhanced inelastic electron-energy losses or electron absorption, respectively. Thus Auger-electron yields are influenced by the spatial electronic excitation distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schiwietz
- Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Bereich SF, Glienicker Strasse 100, 14109, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Georgescu I, Saalmann U, Rost JM. Attosecond resolved charging of ions in a rare-gas cluster. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:183002. [PMID: 17995403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A scheme to probe dissipative multielectron motion in time is introduced. In this context attosecond probing enables one to obtain information which is lost at later times and cannot be retrieved by conventional methods in the energy domain due to the incoherent nature of the dynamics. As a specific example we will trace the transient charging of ions in a rare-gas cluster during a strong femtosecond vacuum-ultraviolet pulse by means of delayed attosecond pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuţ Georgescu
- Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Namba S, Hasegawa N, Nishikino M, Kawachi T, Kishimoto M, Sukegawa K, Tanaka M, Ochi Y, Takiyama K, Nagashima K. Enhancement of double auger decay probability in xenon clusters irradiated with a soft-x-ray laser pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:043004. [PMID: 17678361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.043004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of large Xe clusters with a soft x-ray laser pulse having a wavelength of 13.9 nm and an intensity of up to 2x10(10) W/cm2 was investigated using a time-of-flight ion mass spectrometer. The corresponding laser photon energy was sufficiently high to photoionize Xe 4d innershell electrons. It was found that Xe3+ ions (which result from double Auger decay of 4d vacancies) became the dominant final ionic product with increasing cluster size and x-ray intensity. This is in contrast to the results of synchrotron radiation experiments involving free Xe atoms, in which Xe2+ is the dominant resultant ion species. Possible mechanisms responsible for the enhancement of the double Auger transition probability in x-ray laser and cluster interaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Namba
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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18
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Kundu M, Bauer D. Nonlinear resonance absorption in the laser-cluster interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:123401. [PMID: 16605903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare-gas or metal clusters are known to absorb laser energy very efficiently. Upon cluster expansion, the Mie plasma frequency may become equal to the laser frequency. This linear resonance has been well studied both experimentally and theoretically employing pump probe schemes. In this work, we focus on the few-cycle regime or the early stage of the cluster dynamics, where linear resonance is not met but, nevertheless, efficient absorption of laser energy persists. By retrieving time-dependent oscillator frequencies from particle-in-cell simulation results, we show that nonlinear resonance is the dominant mechanism behind outer ionization and energy absorption in near infrared laser-driven clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kundu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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