1
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Beier NF, Allison H, Efthimion P, Flippo KA, Gao L, Hansen SB, Hill K, Hollinger R, Logantha M, Musthafa Y, Nedbailo R, Senthilkumaran V, Shepherd R, Shlyaptsev VN, Song H, Wang S, Dollar F, Rocca JJ, Hussein AE. Homogeneous, Micron-Scale High-Energy-Density Matter Generated by Relativistic Laser-Solid Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:135001. [PMID: 36206410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-pulse, laser-solid interactions provide a unique platform for studying complex high-energy-density matter. We present the first demonstration of solid-density, micron-scale keV plasmas uniformly heated by a high-contrast, 400 nm wavelength laser at intensities up to 2×10^{21} W/cm^{2}. High-resolution spectral analysis of x-ray emission reveals uniform heating up to 3.0 keV over 1 μm depths. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate the production of a uniformly heated keV plasma to depths of 2 μm. The significant bulk heating and presence of highly ionized ions deep within the target are attributed to the few MeV hot electrons that become trapped and undergo refluxing within the target sheath fields. These conditions enabled the differentiation of atomic physics models of ionization potential depression in high-energy-density environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Beier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- STROBE, NSF Science and Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - H Allison
- STROBE, NSF Science and Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08536, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1163, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08536, USA
| | - S B Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08536, USA
| | - R Hollinger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - M Logantha
- STROBE, NSF Science and Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Y Musthafa
- STROBE, NSF Science and Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - R Nedbailo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - V Senthilkumaran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - R Shepherd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - V N Shlyaptsev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - H Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - S Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - F Dollar
- STROBE, NSF Science and Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - J J Rocca
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA
| | - A E Hussein
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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2
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Terahertz Emission Enhanced by a Laser Irradiating on a T-Type Target. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The generation of high field terahertz emission based on the interaction between an ultra-intense laser and solid targets has been widely studied in recent years because of its wide potential applications in biological imaging and material science. Here, a novel scheme is proposed to enhance the terahertz emission, in which a linearly polarized laser pulse irradiates a T-type target including a longitudinal target followed by a transverse target. By using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we find that the electron beam, modulated by the direct laser acceleration via the interaction of the laser with the longitudinal solid target, plays a crucial role in enhancing the intensity of terahertz emission and controlling its spatial distribution. Compared with the single-layer target, the maximum radiated electromagnetic field’s intensity passing through the spatial probe point is enhanced by about one order of magnitude, corresponding to the terahertz emission power increasing by two orders of magnitude or so. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust with respect to the thickness and length of the target. Such a scheme may provide important theoretical and data support for the enhancement of terahertz emission efficiency based on the ultra-intense laser irradiation of solid targets.
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3
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Sprenkle RT, Silvestri LG, Murillo MS, Bergeson SD. Temperature relaxation in strongly-coupled binary ionic mixtures. Nat Commun 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 35013203 PMCID: PMC8748956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
New facilities such as the National Ignition Facility and the Linac Coherent Light Source have pushed the frontiers of high energy-density matter. These facilities offer unprecedented opportunities for exploring extreme states of matter, ranging from cryogenic solid-state systems to hot, dense plasmas, with applications to inertial-confinement fusion and astrophysics. However, significant gaps in our understanding of material properties in these rapidly evolving systems still persist. In particular, non-equilibrium transport properties of strongly-coupled Coulomb systems remain an open question. Here, we study ion-ion temperature relaxation in a binary mixture, exploiting a recently-developed dual-species ultracold neutral plasma. We compare measured relaxation rates with atomistic simulations and a range of popular theories. Our work validates the assumptions and capabilities of the simulations and invalidates theoretical models in this regime. This work illustrates an approach for precision determinations of detailed material properties in Coulomb mixtures across a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tucker Sprenkle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
- Honeywell Quantum Solutions, 303 S Technology Ct, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA
| | - L G Silvestri
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - S D Bergeson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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4
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Matsuo K, Higashi N, Iwata N, Sakata S, Lee S, Johzaki T, Sawada H, Iwasa Y, Law KFF, Morita H, Ochiai Y, Kojima S, Abe Y, Hata M, Sano T, Nagatomo H, Sunahara A, Morace A, Yogo A, Nakai M, Sakagami H, Ozaki T, Yamanoi K, Norimatsu T, Nakata Y, Tokita S, Kawanaka J, Shiraga H, Mima K, Azechi H, Kodama R, Arikawa Y, Sentoku Y, Fujioka S. Petapascal Pressure Driven by Fast Isochoric Heating with a Multipicosecond Intense Laser Pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:035001. [PMID: 32031862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast isochoric laser heating is a scheme to heat matter with a relativistic intensity (>10^{18} W/cm^{2}) laser pulse for producing an ultrahigh-energy-density (UHED) state. We have demonstrated an efficient fast isochoric heating of a compressed dense plasma core with a multipicosecond kilojoule-class petawatt laser and an assistance of externally applied kilotesla magnetic fields for guiding fast electrons to the dense plasma. A UHED state of 2.2 PPa is achieved experimentally with 4.6 kJ of total laser energy that is one order of magnitude lower than the energy used in the conventional implosion scheme. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation confirmed that diffusive heating from a laser-plasma interaction zone to the dense plasma plays an essential role to the efficient creation of the UHED state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsuo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Higashi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsumi Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Sakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seungho Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Johzaki
- Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawada
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Yuki Iwasa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - King Fai Farley Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Morita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yugo Ochiai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sadaoki Kojima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sunahara
- Institute for Laser Technology, 1-8-4 Utsubo-honmachi, Nishi-ku Osaka, Osaka, 550-0004, Japan
- Center of Materials Under eXtreame Environment, Purdue University, 500 Central Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Alessio Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakagami
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ozaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamanoi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tokita
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junji Kawanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunioki Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsu, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Sawada H, Sentoku Y, Yabuuchi T, Zastrau U, Förster E, Beg FN, Chen H, Kemp AJ, McLean HS, Patel PK, Ping Y. Monochromatic 2D Kα Emission Images Revealing Short-Pulse Laser Isochoric Heating Mechanism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:155002. [PMID: 31050520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid heating of a thin titanium foil by a high intensity, subpicosecond laser is studied by using a 2D narrow-band x-ray imaging and x-ray spectroscopy. A novel monochromatic imaging diagnostic tuned to 4.51 keV Ti Kα was used to successfully visualize a significantly ionized area (⟨Z⟩>17±1) of the solid density plasma to be within a ∼35 μm diameter spot in the transverse direction and 2 μm in depth. The measurements and a 2D collisional particle-in-cell simulation reveal that, in the fast isochoric heating of solid foil by an intense laser light, such a high ionization state in solid titanium is achieved by thermal diffusion from the hot preplasma in a few picoseconds after the pulse ends. The shift of Kα and formation of a missing Kα cannot be explained with the present atomic physics model. The measured Kα image is reproduced only when a phenomenological model for the Kα shift with a threshold ionization of ⟨Z⟩=17 is included. This work reveals how the ionization state and electron temperature of the isochorically heated nonequilibrium plasma are independently increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawada
- University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557-0220, USA
| | - Y Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - U Zastrau
- European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - E Förster
- IOQ, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute at Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - F N Beg
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0417, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
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6
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Sano T, Tanaka Y, Iwata N, Hata M, Mima K, Murakami M, Sentoku Y. Broadening of cyclotron resonance conditions in the relativistic interaction of an intense laser with overdense plasmas. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:043209. [PMID: 29347491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.043209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of dense plasmas with an intense laser under a strong external magnetic field has been investigated. When the cyclotron frequency for the ambient magnetic field is higher than the laser frequency, the laser's electromagnetic field is converted to the whistler mode that propagates along the field line. Because of the nature of the whistler wave, the laser light penetrates into dense plasmas with no cutoff density, and produces superthermal electrons through cyclotron resonance. It is found that the cyclotron resonance absorption occurs effectively under the broadened conditions, or a wider range of the external field, which is caused by the presence of relativistic electrons accelerated by the laser field. The upper limit of the ambient field for the resonance increases in proportion to the square root of the relativistic laser intensity. The propagation of a large-amplitude whistler wave could raise the possibility for plasma heating and particle acceleration deep inside dense plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsumi Iwata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunioki Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-1202, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Murakami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sentoku
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Mori Y, Nishimura Y, Hanayama R, Nakayama S, Ishii K, Kitagawa Y, Sekine T, Sato N, Kurita T, Kawashima T, Kan H, Komeda O, Nishi T, Azuma H, Hioki T, Motohiro T, Sunahara A, Sentoku Y, Miura E. Fast Heating of Imploded Core with Counterbeam Configuration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:055001. [PMID: 27517775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A tailored-pulse-imploded core with a diameter of 70 μm is flashed by counterirradiating 110 fs, 7 TW laser pulses. Photon emission (>40 eV) from the core exceeds the emission from the imploded core by 6 times, even though the heating pulse energies are only one seventh of the implosion energy. The coupling efficiency from the heating laser to the core using counterirradiation is 14% from the enhancement of photon emission. Neutrons are also produced by counterpropagating fast deuterons accelerated by the photon pressure of the heating pulses. A collisional two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation reveals that the collisionless two counterpropagating fast-electron currents induce mega-Gauss magnetic filaments in the center of the core due to the Weibel instability. The counterpropagating fast-electron currents are absolutely unstable and independent of the core density and resistivity. Fast electrons with energy below a few MeV are trapped by these filaments in the core region, inducing an additional coupling. This might lead to the observed bright photon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mori
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - R Hanayama
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - S Nakayama
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - K Ishii
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - Y Kitagawa
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - T Sekine
- Hamamatsu Photonics, K. K. 1820 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - N Sato
- Hamamatsu Photonics, K. K. 1820 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - T Kurita
- Hamamatsu Photonics, K. K. 1820 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - T Kawashima
- Hamamatsu Photonics, K. K. 1820 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - H Kan
- Hamamatsu Photonics, K. K. 1820 Kurematsuchou, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-1202, Japan
| | - O Komeda
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1200 Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1193, Japan
| | - T Nishi
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - H Azuma
- Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center, Minamiyamaguchi-cho, Seto-shi, Aichi-ken 489-0965, Japan
| | - T Hioki
- Green Mobility Collaborative Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - T Motohiro
- Green Mobility Collaborative Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - A Sunahara
- Institute for Laser Technology, 1-8-4 Utsubo-honmachi, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0004, Japan
| | - Y Sentoku
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - E Miura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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8
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Vaisseau X, Debayle A, Honrubia JJ, Hulin S, Morace A, Nicolaï P, Sawada H, Vauzour B, Batani D, Beg FN, Davies JR, Fedosejevs R, Gray RJ, Kemp GE, Kerr S, Li K, Link A, McKenna P, McLean HS, Mo M, Patel PK, Park J, Peebles J, Rhee YJ, Sorokovikova A, Tikhonchuk VT, Volpe L, Wei M, Santos JJ. Enhanced relativistic-electron-beam energy loss in warm dense aluminum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:095004. [PMID: 25793822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy loss in the transport of a beam of relativistic electrons in warm dense aluminum is measured in the regime of ultrahigh electron beam current density over 2×10^{11} A/cm^{2} (time averaged). The samples are heated by shock compression. Comparing to undriven cold solid targets, the roles of the different initial resistivity and of the transient resistivity (upon target heating during electron transport) are directly observable in the experimental data, and are reproduced by a comprehensive set of simulations describing the hydrodynamics of the shock compression and electron beam generation and transport. We measured a 19% increase in electron resistive energy loss in warm dense compared to cold solid samples of identical areal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vaisseau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Debayle
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- LRC MESO, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - CMLA, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - J J Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Hulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Morace
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ph Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - H Sawada
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - B Vauzour
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - F N Beg
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J R Davies
- Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - R J Gray
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - G E Kemp
- Physics Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Kerr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - K Li
- GoLP, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Link
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P McKenna
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - H S McLean
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Mo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Peebles
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Y J Rhee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejon 305-600, South Korea
| | - A Sorokovikova
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - L Volpe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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9
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Wang WM, Gibbon P, Sheng ZM, Li YT. Integrated simulation approach for laser-driven fast ignition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:013101. [PMID: 25679717 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.013101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated simulation approach fully based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) model is proposed, which involves both fast-particle generation via laser solid-density plasma interaction and transport and energy deposition of the particles in extremely high-density plasma. It is realized by introducing two independent systems in a simulation, where the fast-particle generation is simulated by a full PIC system and the transport and energy deposition computed by a second PIC system with a reduced field solver. Data of the fast particles generated in the full PIC system are copied to the reduced PIC system in real time as the fast-particle source. Unlike a two-region approach, which takes a single PIC system and two field solvers in two plasma density regions, respectively, the present one need not match the field solvers since the reduced field solver and the full solver adopted respectively in the two systems are independent. A simulation case is presented, which demonstrates that this approach can be applied to integrated simulation of fast ignition with real target densities, e.g., 300 g/cm(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- W-M Wang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425 Jülich, Germany and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - P Gibbon
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Z-M Sheng
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China and SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom and Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y-T Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Sherlock M, Hill EG, Evans RG, Rose SJ, Rozmus W. In-depth plasma-wave heating of dense plasma irradiated by short laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:255001. [PMID: 25554889 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.255001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism by which relativistic electron bunches created at the surface of a target irradiated by a very short and intense laser pulse transfer energy to the deeper parts of the target. In existing theories, the dominant heating mechanism is that of resistive heating by the neutralizing return current. In addition to this, we find that large amplitude plasma waves are induced in the plasma in the wake of relativistic electron bunches. The subsequent collisional damping of these waves represents a source of heating that can exceed the resistive heating rate. As a result, solid targets heat significantly faster than has been previously considered. A new hybrid model, capable of reproducing these results, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sherlock
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - E G Hill
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - R G Evans
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rose
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2G7
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11
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Leblanc P, Sentoku Y. Scaling of resistive guiding of laser-driven fast-electron currents in solid targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:023109. [PMID: 25353588 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.023109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The resistive magnetic field plays a crucial role in determining the laser produced fast-electron transport in solid targets. The scaling of the resistive guiding is derived and benchmarked against two-dimensional collisional particle-in-cell simulations. We study the impact of the initial state of the material (Z dependence, conductor, or insulator) on global electron-transport patterns, and conclude that the initial state of a conductor or insulator is not important. Instead, global transport patterns depend on the material Z. The fast-electron transport seen in the simulations is consistent with the derived scaling rule. Previous experimental observations [e.g., R. B. Stephens et al., Phys. Rev. E 69, 066414 (2004) and Y. Sentoku et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 135005 (2011)] that show confinement or divergence in various regimes are also explained by our scaling. The presented scaling then becomes a useful tool to design compact radiation sources or fast ignitor experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leblanc
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Y Sentoku
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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12
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Okabayashi A, Habara H, Yabuuchi T, Tanaka K. Electron energy distributions through superdense matter by Monte-Carlo simulations. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135917018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Vauzour B, Santos JJ, Debayle A, Hulin S, Schlenvoigt HP, Vaisseau X, Batani D, Baton SD, Honrubia JJ, Nicolaï P, Beg FN, Benocci R, Chawla S, Coury M, Dorchies F, Fourment C, d'Humières E, Jarrot LC, McKenna P, Rhee YJ, Tikhonchuk VT, Volpe L, Yahia V. Relativistic high-current electron-beam stopping-power characterization in solids and plasmas: collisional versus resistive effects. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:255002. [PMID: 23368474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.255002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental and numerical results on intense-laser-pulse-produced fast electron beams transport through aluminum samples, either solid or compressed and heated by laser-induced planar shock propagation. Thanks to absolute K(α) yield measurements and its very good agreement with results from numerical simulations, we quantify the collisional and resistive fast electron stopping powers: for electron current densities of ≈ 8 × 10(10) A/cm(2) they reach 1.5 keV/μm and 0.8 keV/μm, respectively. For higher current densities up to 10(12)A/cm(2), numerical simulations show resistive and collisional energy losses at comparable levels. Analytical estimations predict the resistive stopping power will be kept on the level of 1 keV/μm for electron current densities of 10(14)A/cm(2), representative of the full-scale conditions in the fast ignition of inertially confined fusion targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vauzour
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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14
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Dai J, Hou Y, Yuan J. Unified first principles description from warm dense matter to ideal ionized gas plasma: electron-ion collisions induced friction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:245001. [PMID: 20867307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electron-ion interactions are central to numerous phenomena in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime and at higher temperature. The electron-ion collisions induced friction at high temperature is introduced in the procedure of ab initio molecular dynamics using the Langevin equation based on density functional theory. In this framework, as a test for Fe and H up to 1000 eV, the equation of state and the transition of electronic structures of the materials with very wide density and temperature can be described, which covers a full range of WDM up to high energy density physics. A unified first principles description from condensed matter to ideal ionized gas plasma is constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Dai
- Department of Physics, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hao B, Sheng ZM, Ren C, Zhang J. Relativistic collisional current-filamentation instability and two-stream instability in dense plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:046409. [PMID: 19518361 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.046409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The collisional effects on the current-filamentation instability (CFI) and the two-stream instability (TSI), which appear as a relativistic intense electron beam penetrating into a cold dense plasma, are investigated. It is shown that the growth rate of the CFI mode is first attenuated and then enhanced by the collisional effects as the density ratio of the background plasma to the beam increases. Meanwhile, the maximum CFI growth rate is shifted to the long-wavelength region due to both the bulk plasma density increase and the collisional effects, resulting in larger filaments formation. On the other hand, collisional effects mainly attenuate the TSI and finally stabilize it. Numerical solutions under parameters close to the fast ignition scenario (FIS) are given, which show that the CFI growth rate can be enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude instead of being suppressed in the dense region. Therefore, the CFI-induced electron filaments formation and the resultant kinetic anomalous heating are potentially significant for the target heating in the FIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Antici P, Fuchs J, Borghesi M, Gremillet L, Grismayer T, Sentoku Y, d'Humières E, Cecchetti CA, Mancić A, Pipahl AC, Toncian T, Willi O, Mora P, Audebert P. Hot and cold electron dynamics following high-intensity laser matter interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:105004. [PMID: 18851222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of fast electrons laser accelerated from solids and expanding into a vacuum from the rear target surface have been measured via optical probe reflectometry. This allows access to the time- and space-resolved dynamics of the fast electron density and temperature and of the energy partition into bulk (cold) electrons. In particular, it is found that the density of the hot electrons on the target rear surface is bell shaped, and that their mean energy at the same location is radially homogeneous and decreases with the target thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antici
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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17
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Honrubia JJ, Meyer-ter-Vehn J. Ignition of pre-compressed fusion targets by fast electrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Nakamura H, Sentoku Y, Matsuoka T, Kondo K, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Shiraga H, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T, Kodama R. Fast heating of cylindrically imploded plasmas by petawatt laser light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:165001. [PMID: 18518210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We produced cylindrically imploded plasmas, which have the same density-radius product of the imploded plasma rhoR with the compressed core in the fast ignition experiment and demonstrated efficient fast heating of cylindrically imploded plasmas with an ultraintense laser light. The coupling efficiency from the laser to the imploded column was 14%-21%, implying strong collimation of energetic electrons over a distance of 300 microm of the plasma. Particle-in-cell simulation shows confinement of the energetic electrons by self-generated magnetic and electrostatic fields excited along the imploded plasmas, and the efficient fast heating in the compressed region.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Kaganovich ID, Startsev EA, Sefkow AB, Davidson RC. Charge and current neutralization of an ion-beam pulse propagating in a background plasma along a solenoidal magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:235002. [PMID: 18233377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.235002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The analytical studies show that the application of a small solenoidal magnetic field can drastically change the self-magnetic and self-electric fields of the beam pulse propagating in a background plasma. Theory predicts that when omega_{ce} approximately omega_{pe}beta_{b}, where omega_{ce} is the electron gyrofrequency, omega_{pe} is the electron plasma frequency, and beta_{b} is the ion-beam velocity relative to the speed of light, there is a sizable enhancement of the self-electric and self-magnetic fields due to the dynamo effect. Furthermore, the combined ion-beam-plasma system acts as a paramagnetic medium; i.e., the solenoidal magnetic field inside the beam pulse is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Kaganovich
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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20
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Kawamura T, Kai T, Koike F, Nakazaki S, Inubushi Y, Nishimura H. Polarization of Healpha radiation due to anisotropy of fast-electron transport in ultraintense-laser-produced plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:115003. [PMID: 17930447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An atomic kinetics code is developed to gain insight into the generation of polarized Healpha by fast electron transport relevant to fast ignition. The calculation predicts a very small polarization in the dense region (>or=100 times the critical density) due to frequent elastic transitions between magnetic sublevels, while high polarization is observable in the low density region (<or=10 times the critical density). It is inferred that fast electrons are collimated due to electromagnetic instability, resulting in the generation of anisotropic fast electrons along the propagation axis in the low density region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Kawamura
- Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
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