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Yoo JY, Ko KS, Vu BN, Lee YE, Choi HN, Lee YN, Fanata WID, Harmoko R, Lee SK, Chung WS, Hong JC, Lee KO. IRE1 is implicated in protein synthesis regulation under ER stress conditions in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108963. [PMID: 39084166 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a crucial cellular mechanism for maintaining protein folding homeostasis during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, the role of IRE1, a key component of the UPR, was investigated in protein translation regulation under ER stress conditions in Arabidopsis. We discovered that the loss of IRE1A and IRE1B leads to diminished protein translation, indicating a significant role for IRE1 in this process. However, this regulation was not solely dependent on the interaction with bZIP60, a key transcription factor in the UPR. Interestingly, while chemical chaperones TUDCA and PBA effectively alleviated the translation inhibition observed in ire1a ire1b mutants, this effect was more pronounced than the mitigation observed from suppressing GCN2 expression or introducing a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α variant. Additionally, the kinase and ribonuclease activities of IRE1B were demonstrated to be crucial for plant adaptation and protein synthesis regulation under ER stress conditions. Overall, this study not only highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms of IRE1 in plant ER stress responses but also provides insights into its multifaceted roles in protein translation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Bich Ngoc Vu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ha Na Choi
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yoo Na Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Rikno Harmoko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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2
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Pastor-Cantizano N, Angelos ER, Ruberti C, Jiang T, Weng X, Reagan BC, Haque T, Juenger TE, Brandizzi F. Programmed cell death regulator BAP2 is required for IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5804. [PMID: 38987268 PMCID: PMC11237027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental and physiological situations can challenge the balance between protein synthesis and folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cause ER stress, a potentially lethal condition. The unfolded protein response (UPR) restores ER homeostasis or actuates programmed cell death (PCD) when ER stress is unresolved. The cell fate determination mechanisms of the UPR are not well understood, especially in plants. Here, we integrate genetics and ER stress profiling with natural variation and quantitative trait locus analysis of 350 natural accessions of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analyses implicate a single nucleotide polymorphism to the loss of function of the general PCD regulator BON-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN2 (BAP2) in UPR outcomes. We establish that ER stress-induced BAP2 expression is antagonistically regulated by the UPR master regulator, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and that BAP2 controls adaptive UPR amplitude in ER stress and ignites pro-death mechanisms in conditions of UPR insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pastor-Cantizano
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Evan R Angelos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Botany & Plant Sciences Department, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Tao Jiang
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brandon C Reagan
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Taslima Haque
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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3
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Ko DK, Brandizzi F. Dynamics of ER stress-induced gene regulation in plants. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:513-525. [PMID: 38499769 PMCID: PMC11186725 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a potentially lethal condition that is induced by the abnormal accumulation of unfolded or misfolded secretory proteins in the ER. In eukaryotes, ER stress is managed by the unfolded protein response (UPR) through a tightly regulated, yet highly dynamic, reprogramming of gene transcription. Although the core principles of the UPR are similar across eukaryotes, unique features of the plant UPR reflect the adaptability of plants to their ever-changing environments and the need to balance the demands of growth and development with the response to environmental stressors. The past decades have seen notable progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying ER stress sensing and signalling transduction pathways, implicating the UPR in the effects of physiological and induced ER stress on plant growth and crop yield. Facilitated by sequencing technologies and advances in genetic and genomic resources, recent efforts have driven the discovery of transcriptional regulators and elucidated the mechanisms that mediate the dynamic and precise gene regulation in response to ER stress at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kwan Ko
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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4
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Varshney V, Singh J, Mishra V. Unlocking the plant ER stress code: IRE1-proteasome signaling cohort takes the lead. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:610-612. [PMID: 38102044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the intricate landscape of cellular function, proper protein folding is pivotal for cellular processes, particularly within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In a recent study, Ko et al. reveal a signaling role for inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) in ER stress and identify PHOSPHATASE TYPE 2CA (PP2CA)-INTERACTING RING FINGER PROTEIN 1 (PIR1) as a crucial plant-specific regulator, balancing the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) by modulating ABI5 stability, unveiling intricate stress response connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Varshney
- Department of Botany, Govt. Shaheed Gend Singh College, Charama, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Jawahar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India; University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Vishnu Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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5
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Carrillo R, Iwai K, Albertson A, Dang G, Christopher DA. Protein disulfide isomerase-9 interacts with the lumenal region of the transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor kinase, IRE1, to modulate the unfolded protein response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389658. [PMID: 38817940 PMCID: PMC11137178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stressors disrupt secretory protein folding and proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) senses ER stress and restores proteostasis by increasing the expression of ER-resident protein folding chaperones, such as protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). In plants, the transmembrane ER stress sensor kinase, IRE1, activates the UPR by unconventionally splicing the mRNA encoding the bZIP60 transcription factor, triggering UPR gene transcription. The induced PDIs catalyze disulfide-based polypeptide folding to restore the folding capacity in the ER; however, the substrates with which PDIs interact are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis PDI-M subfamily member, PDI9, modulates the UPR through interaction with IRE1. This PDI9-IRE1 interaction was largely dependent on Cys63 in the first dithiol redox active domain of PDI9, and Cys233 and Cys107 in the ER lumenal domain of IRE1A and IRE1B, respectively. In vitro and in vivo, PDI9 coimmunoprecipitated with IRE1A and IRE1B. Moreover, the PDI9:RFP and Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP):IRE1 fusions exhibited strong interactions as measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) when coexpressed in mesophyll protoplasts. The UPR-responsive PDI9 promoter:mCherry reporter and the UPR-dependent splicing of the bZIP60 intron from the mRNA of the 35S::bZIP60-intron:GFP reporter were both significantly induced in the pdi9 mutants, indicating a derepression and hyperactivation of UPR. The inductions of both reporters were substantially attenuated in the ire1a-ire1b mutant. We propose a model in which PDI9 modulates the UPR through two competing activities: secretory protein folding and via interaction with IRE1 to maintain proteostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David A. Christopher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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6
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Imamichi T, Kusumoto N, Aoyama H, Takamatsu S, Honda Y, Muraoka S, Hagiwara-Komoda Y, Chiba Y, Onouchi H, Yamashita Y, Naito S. Phylogeny-linked occurrence of ribosome stalling on the mRNAs of Arabidopsis unfolded protein response factor bZIP60 orthologs in divergent plant species. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4276-4294. [PMID: 38366760 PMCID: PMC11077094 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The bZIP60, XBP1 and HAC1 mRNAs encode transcription factors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants, animals and yeasts, respectively. Upon UPR, these mRNAs undergo unconventional cytoplasmic splicing on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to produce active transcription factors. Although cytoplasmic splicing is conserved, the ER targeting mechanism differs between XBP1 and HAC1. The ER targeting of HAC1 mRNA occurs before translation, whereas that of XBP1 mRNA involves a ribosome-nascent chain complex that is stalled when a hydrophobic peptide emerges from the ribosome; the corresponding mechanism is unknown for bZIP60. Here, we analyzed ribosome stalling on bZIP60 orthologs of plants. Using a cell-free translation system, we detected nascent peptide-mediated ribosome stalling during the translation elongation of the mRNAs of Arabidopsis, rice and Physcomitrium (moss) orthologs, and the termination-step stalling in the Selaginella (lycopod) ortholog, all of which occurred ∼50 amino acids downstream of a hydrophobic region. Transfection experiments showed that ribosome stalling contributes to cytoplasmic splicing in bZIP60u orthologs of Arabidopsis and Selaginella. In contrast, ribosome stalling was undetectable for liverwort, Klebsormidium (basal land plant), and green algae orthologs. This study highlights the evolutionary diversity of ribosome stalling and its contribution to ER targeting in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Imamichi
- Frontiers in Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Nao Kusumoto
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Haruka Aoyama
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Seidai Takamatsu
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yugo Honda
- Frontiers in Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shiori Muraoka
- Frontiers in Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuka Hagiwara-Komoda
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yukako Chiba
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Onouchi
- Frontiers in Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Research Group of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yui Yamashita
- Frontiers in Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Research Group of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Frontiers in Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Research Group of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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7
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Thibault E, Brandizzi F. Post-translational modifications: emerging directors of cell-fate decisions during endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:831-848. [PMID: 38600022 PMCID: PMC11088923 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for growth, development, and stress responses. Perturbations causing an imbalance in ER proteostasis lead to a potentially lethal condition known as ER stress. In ER stress situations, cell-fate decisions either activate pro-life pathways that reestablish homeostasis or initiate pro-death pathways to prevent further damage to the organism. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning cell-fate decisions in ER stress is critical for crop development and has the potential to enable translation of conserved components to ER stress-related diseases in metazoans. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are emerging as key players in cell-fate decisions in situations of imbalanced ER proteostasis. In this review, we address PTMs orchestrating cell-fate decisions in ER stress in plants and provide evidence-based perspectives for where future studies may focus to identify additional PTMs involved in ER stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Thibault
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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8
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Duan Z, Chen K, Yang T, You R, Chen B, Li J, Liu L. Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17599. [PMID: 38139432 PMCID: PMC10743519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proteome integrity is essential for cell function and survival in changing cellular and environmental conditions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site for the synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins. However, the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins can perturb ER protein homeostasis, leading to ER stress and compromising cellular function. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated and conserved protein quality control systems to ensure protein folding fidelity via the unfolded protein response (UPR) and to eliminate potentially harmful proteins via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of ER protein homeostasis in plants and discuss the crosstalk between different quality control systems. Finally, we will address unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ronghui You
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Binzhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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9
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Vu BN, Vu TV, Yoo JY, Nguyen NT, Ko KS, Kim JY, Lee KO. CRISPR-Cas-mediated unfolded protein response control for enhancing plant stress resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271368. [PMID: 37908833 PMCID: PMC10613997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants consistently encounter environmental stresses that negatively affect their growth and development. To mitigate these challenges, plants have developed a range of adaptive strategies, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), which enables them to manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from various adverse conditions. The CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool for plant biotechnology, with the potential to improve plant tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as enhance crop productivity and quality by targeting specific genes, including those related to the UPR. This review highlights recent advancements in UPR signaling pathways and CRISPR-Cas technology, with a particular focus on the use of CRISPR-Cas in studying plant UPR. We also explore prospective applications of CRISPR-Cas in engineering UPR-related genes for crop improvement. The integration of CRISPR-Cas technology into plant biotechnology holds the promise to revolutionize agriculture by producing crops with enhanced resistance to environmental stresses, increased productivity, and improved quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich Ngoc Vu
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Van Vu
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngan Thi Nguyen
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yu CY, Nakamura Y. SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) and its homolog SVBL act downstream of transcription factor NAC089 and function redundantly in Arabidopsis unfolded protein response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5870-5880. [PMID: 37578504 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism that alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress to maintain protein homeostasis. Although SMALLER TRICHOMES WITH VARIABLE BRANCHES (SVB) is characterized as an emerging UPR factor downstream of the IRE-bZIP60 pathway, whether its homologs participate in the plant UPR remains unknown. Here, we showed that an SVB homolog, SVB-like (SVBL), functions redundantly with SVB in endoplasmic reticulum stress tolerance. The svb-1 svbl-1 double mutant showed a hypersensitivity phenotype and had higher UPR gene expression under endoplasmic reticulum stress than single mutants and the wild type. SVB responded to endoplasmic reticulum stress by accumulating in the root epidermis and phloem cells, but SVBL did not. Ectopic expression of the UPR factor NAC089 up-regulated both SVB and SVBL genes, suggesting that SVB and SVBL work downstream of NAC089. Thus, SVB and SVBL play distinct roles that are modulated by the common upstream regulator NAC089 to cope with endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Yu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
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11
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Ko DK, Kim JY, Thibault EA, Brandizzi F. An IRE1-proteasome system signalling cohort controls cell fate determination in unresolved proteotoxic stress of the plant endoplasmic reticulum. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1333-1346. [PMID: 37563456 PMCID: PMC10481788 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress, which is an underlying cause of major crop losses and devastating human conditions. ER proteostasis surveillance is mediated by the conserved master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), which determines cell fate by controlling pro-life and pro-death outcomes through as yet largely unknown mechanisms. Here we report that Arabidopsis IRE1 determines cell fate in ER stress by balancing the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and UPR through the plant-unique E3 ligase, PHOSPHATASE TYPE 2CA (PP2CA)-INTERACTING RING FINGER PROTEIN 1 (PIR1). Indeed, PIR1 loss leads to suppression of pro-death UPS and the lethal phenotype of an IRE1 loss-of-function mutant in unresolved ER stress in addition to activating pro-survival UPR. Specifically, in ER stress, PIR1 loss stabilizes ABI5, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, that directly activates expression of the critical UPR regulator gene, bZIP60, triggering transcriptional cascades enhancing pro-survival UPR. Collectively, our results identify new cell fate effectors in plant ER stress by showing that IRE1's coordination of cell death and survival hinges on PIR1, a key pro-death component of the UPS, which controls ABI5, a pro-survival transcriptional activator of bZIP60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kwan Ko
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joo Yong Kim
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ethan A Thibault
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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12
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Je S, Lee Y, Yamaoka Y. Effect of Common ER Stress-Inducing Drugs on the Growth and Lipid Phenotypes of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:392-404. [PMID: 36318453 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by the stress-induced accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Several compounds are used to induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) in animals, with different modes of action, but which ER stress-inducing drugs induce ER stress in microalgae or land plants is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of seven chemicals that were reported to induce ER stress in animals on the growth, UPR gene expression and fatty acid profiles of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis): 2-deoxyglucose, dithiothreitol (DTT), tunicamycin (TM), thapsigargin, brefeldin A (BFA), monensin (MON) and eeyarestatin I. In both model photosynthetic organisms, DTT, TM, BFA and MON treatment induced ER stress, as indicated by the induction of spliced bZIP1 and bZIP60, respectively. In Chlamydomonas, DTT, TM and BFA treatment induced the production of transcripts related to lipid biosynthesis, but MON treatment did not. In Arabidopsis, DTT, TM, BFA and MON inhibited seed germination and seedling growth with the activation of bZIP60. These findings lay the foundation for using four types of ER stress-inducing drugs in photosynthetic organisms, and they help uncover the mode of action of each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Je
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, The Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, The Republic of Korea
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13
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Afrin T, Costello CN, Monella AN, Kørner CJ, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. The interplay of GTP-binding protein AGB1 with ER stress sensors IRE1a and IRE1b modulates Arabidopsis unfolded protein response and bacterial immunity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2018857. [PMID: 34968413 PMCID: PMC8920210 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2018857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in ER stress that induces a cascade of reactions called the unfolded protein response (UPR). In Arabidopsis, the most conserved UPR sensor, Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), responds to both abiotic- and biotic-induced ER stress. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) constitute another universal and conserved family of signal transducers that have been extensively investigated due to their ubiquitous presence and diverse nature of action. Arabidopsis GTP-binding protein β1 (AGB1) is the only G-protein β-subunit encoded by the Arabidopsis genome that is involved in numerous signaling pathways. Mounting evidence suggests the existence of a crosstalk between IRE1 and G protein signaling during ER stress. AGB1 has previously been shown to control a distinct UPR pathway independently of IRE1 when treated with an ER stress inducer tunicamycin. Our results obtained with combinatorial knockout mutants support the hypothesis that both IRE1 and AGB1 synergistically contribute to ER stress responses chemically induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) as well as to the immune responses against a phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000. Our study highlights the crosstalk between the plant UPR transducers under abiotic and biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiaba Afrin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caitlin N. Costello
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber N. Monella
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Camilla J. Kørner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Relevance of the Exocyst in Arabidopsis exo70e2 Mutant for Cellular Homeostasis under Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010424. [PMID: 36613868 PMCID: PMC9820329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants must adapt to cope with adverse environmental conditions that affect their growth and development. To overcome these constraints, they can alter their developmental patterns by modulating cellular processes and activating stress-responsive signals. Alongside the activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system, a high number of genes are expressed, and proteins must be distributed to the correct locations within the cell. The endomembrane system and associated vesicles thus play an important role. Several pathways have been associated with adverse environmental conditions, which is the case for the exocyst-positive organelle-EXPO. The present work, using Arabidopsis mutants with T-DNA insertions in the gene EXO70, essential for EXPO vesicles formation, was designed to characterise the anatomical (morphology and root length), biochemical (quantification of stress markers and antioxidant system components), and molecular responses (gene expression) to abiotic stresses (saline, drought, oxidative, and metal-induced toxicity). The results obtained showed that mutant plants behave differently from the wild type (WT) plants. Therefore, in the exo70 mutant, morphological changes were more noticeable in plants under stress, and the non-enzymatic component of the antioxidant system was activated, with no alterations to the enzymatic component. Furthermore, other defence strategies, such as autophagy, did not show important changes. These results confirmed the EXPO as an important structure for tolerance/adaptation to stress.
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15
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Kim JS, Mochida K, Shinozaki K. ER Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response: Homeostatic Regulation Coordinate Plant Survival and Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3197. [PMID: 36501237 PMCID: PMC9735958 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic organelle, is the major site of protein biosynthesis. The disturbance of ER function by biotic or abiotic stress triggers the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the best-studied ER stress response. This transcriptional regulatory system senses ER stress, activates downstream genes that function to mitigate stress, and restores homeostasis. In addition to its conventional role in stress responses, recent reports indicate that the UPR is involved in plant growth and development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of ER stress sensing and the activation and downstream regulation of the UPR. We also describe how the UPR modulates both plant growth and stress tolerance by maintaining ER homeostasis. Lastly, we propose that the UPR is a major component of the machinery that balances the trade-off between plant growth and survival in a dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sik Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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16
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Liang D, Yu J, Song T, Zhang R, Du Y, Yu M, Cao H, Pan X, Qiao J, Liu Y, Qi Z, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Prediction and Analysis of Oryza Species NRP Genes in Rice Blast Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911967. [PMID: 36233270 PMCID: PMC9569735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the N-rich proteins (NRPs) gene family play important roles in the plant endoplasmic reticulum stress in response, which can be triggered by plant pathogens’ infection. Previous studies of the NRP gene family have been limited to only a few plants, such as soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, their evolutionary characteristics in the Oryza species and biological functions in rice defense against the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae have remained unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrated that the NRP genes family may have originated in the early stages of plant evolution, and that they have been strongly conserved during the evolution of the Oryza species. Domain organization of NRPs was found to be highly conserved within but not between subgroups. OsNRP1, an NRP gene in the Oryza sativa japonica group, was specifically up-regulated during the early stages of rice-M. oryzae interactions-inhibited M. oryzae infection. Predicted protein-protein interaction networks and transcription-factor binding sites revealed a candidate interactor, bZIP50, which may be involved in OsNRP1-mediated rice resistance against M. oryzae infection. Taken together, our results established a basis for future studies of the NRP gene family and provided molecular insights into rice immune responses to M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing 210014, China
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17
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Liu Y, Lv Y, Wei A, Guo M, Li Y, Wang J, Wang X, Bao Y. Unfolded protein response in balancing plant growth and stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019414. [PMID: 36275569 PMCID: PMC9585285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is the largest membrane-bound multifunctional organelle in eukaryotic cells, serving particularly important in protein synthesis, modification, folding and transport. UPR (unfolded protein response) is one of the systematized strategies that eukaryotic cells employ for responding to ER stress, a condition represents the processing capability of ER is overwhelmed and stressed. UPR is usually triggered when the protein folding capacity of ER is overloaded, and indeed, mounting studies were focused on the stress responding side of UPR. In plants, beyond stress response, accumulating evidence suggests that UPR is essential for growth and development, and more importantly, the necessity of UPR in this regard requires its endogenous basal activation even without stress. Then plants must have to fine tune the activation level of UPR pathway for balancing growth and stress response. In this review, we summarized the recent progresses in plant UPR, centering on its role in controlling plant reproduction and root growth, and lay out some outstanding questions to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonglun Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - An Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mujin Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Meng F, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Yang C, Liu R, Pang J, Zhao W, Wang Q, Liu M, Zhang Z, Kong Z, Liu J. A rice protein modulates endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and coordinates with a transcription factor to initiate blast disease resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110941. [PMID: 35705042 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is essential for plants to manage responses under environmental stress. Plant immune activation requires the ER, but how ER homeostasis is associated with plant immune activation is largely unexplored. Here we find that transcription of an HVA22 family gene, OsHLP1 (HVA22-like protein 1), is induced by Magnaporthe oryzae infection. Overexpression of OsHLP1 significantly enhances blast disease resistance but impairs ER morphology in rice (Oryza sativa), resulting in enhanced sensitivity to ER stress. OsHLP1 interacts with the NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factor OsNTL6 at the ER. OsNTL6 localizes to the ER and is relocated to the nucleus after cleavage of the transmembrane domain. OsHLP1 suppresses OsNTL6 protein accumulation, whereas OsNTL6 counteracts OsHLP1 by alleviating sensitivity to ER stress and decreasing disease resistance in OsHLP1 overexpression plants. These findings unravel a mechanism whereby OsHLP1 promotes disease resistance by compromising ER homeostasis when plants are infected by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinhuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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19
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Yoshitake Y, Shinozaki D, Yoshimoto K. Autophagy triggered by iron-mediated ER stress is an important stress response to the early phase of Pi starvation in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1370-1381. [PMID: 35306710 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is essential for plant growth. However, Pi is often limiting in soil. Hence, plants have established several mechanisms of response to Pi starvation. One of the important mechanisms is Pi recycling, which includes membrane lipid remodeling and plastid DNA degradation via catabolic enzymes. However, the involvement of other degradation systems in Pi recycling remains unclear. Autophagy, a system for degradation of intracellular components, contributes to recycling of some nutrients, such as nitrogen, carbon, and zinc, under starvation. In the present study, we found that autophagy-deficient mutants depleted Pi early and exhibited severe leaf growth defects under Pi starvation. The main cargo of autophagy induced by early Pi depleted conditions was the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), indicating that ER-phagy, a type of autophagy that selectively degrades the ER, is involved in the response to the early phase of Pi starvation for contribution to Pi recycling. This ER-phagy was suppressed in an INOSITOL-REQUIRING ENZYME 1 double mutant, ire1a ire1b, in which ER stress responses are defective, suggesting that the early Pi starvation induced ER-phagy is induced by ER stress. Furthermore, iron limitation and inhibition of lipid-reactive oxygen species accumulation suppressed the ER-phagy. Interestingly, membrane lipid remodeling, a response to late Pi starvation, was accelerated in the ire1a ire1b under early Pi-depleted conditions. Our findings reveal the existence of two different phases of responses to Pi starvation (i.e. early and late) and indicate that ER stress-mediated ER-phagy is involved in Pi recycling in the early phase to suppress acceleration of the late phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yoshitake
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Daiki Shinozaki
- Life Science Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Life Science Program, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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20
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Kanehara K, Cho Y, Yu CY. A lipid viewpoint on the plant endoplasmic reticulum stress response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2835-2847. [PMID: 35560195 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organisms, including humans, seem to be constantly exposed to various changes, which often have undesirable effects, referred to as stress. To keep up with these changes, eukaryotic cells may have evolved a number of relevant cellular processes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Owing to presumably intimate links between human diseases and the ER function, the ER stress response has been extensively investigated in various organisms for a few decades. Based on these studies, we now have a picture of the molecular mechanisms of the ER stress response, one of which, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is highly conserved among yeasts, mammals, higher plants, and green algae. In this review, we attempt to highlight the plant UPR from the perspective of lipids, especially membrane phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) are the most abundant membrane phospholipids in eukaryotic cells. The ratio of PtdCho to PtdEtn and the unsaturation of fatty acyl tails in both phospholipids may be critical factors for the UPR, but the pathways responsible for PtdCho and PtdEtn biosynthesis are distinct in animals and plants. We discuss the plant UPR in comparison with the system in yeasts and animals in the context of membrane phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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21
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Vitale A, Pedrazzini E. StresSeed: The Unfolded Protein Response During Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869008. [PMID: 35432435 PMCID: PMC9008589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During seed development, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) takes care of the synthesis and structural maturation of very high amounts of storage proteins in a relatively short time. The ER must thus adjust its extension and machinery to optimize this process. The major signaling mechanism to maintain ER homeostasis is the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both storage proteins that assemble into ER-connected protein bodies and those that are delivered to protein storage vacuoles stimulate the UPR, but its extent and features are specific for the different storage protein classes and even for individual members of each class. Furthermore, evidence exists for anticipatory UPR directly connected to the development of storage seed cells and for selective degradation of certain storage proteins soon after their synthesis, whose signaling details are however still largely unknown. All these events are discussed, also in the light of known features of mammalian UPR.
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22
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Yu CY, Cho Y, Sharma O, Kanehara K. What's unique? The unfolded protein response in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1268-1276. [PMID: 34849719 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of a phenomenon called the unfolded protein response (UPR) started approximately three decades ago, and we now know that the UPR is involved in a number of cellular events among metazoans, higher plants, and algae. The relevance of the UPR in human diseases featuring protein folding defects, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, has drawn much attention to the response in medical research to date. While metazoans and plants share similar molecular mechanisms of the UPR, recent studies shed light on the uniqueness of the plant UPR, with plant-specific protein families appearing to play pivotal roles. Given the considerable emphasis on the original discoveries of key factors in metazoans, this review highlights the uniqueness of the plant UPR based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oshin Sharma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Sampaio M, Neves J, Cardoso T, Pissarra J, Pereira S, Pereira C. Coping with Abiotic Stress in Plants-An Endomembrane Trafficking Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030338. [PMID: 35161321 PMCID: PMC8838314 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells face many changes through their life cycle and develop several mechanisms to cope with adversity. Stress caused by environmental factors is turning out to be more and more relevant as the human population grows and plant cultures start to fail. As eukaryotes, plant cells must coordinate several processes occurring between compartments and combine different pathways for protein transport to several cellular locations. Conventionally, these pathways begin at the ER, or endoplasmic reticulum, move through the Golgi and deliver cargo to the vacuole or to the plasma membrane. However, when under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress. With this review, we gathered fragmented information on the subject, highlighting how such changes are processed within the endomembrane system and how it responds to an ever-changing environment. Even though the available data on this subject are still sparse, novel information is starting to untangle the complexity and dynamics of protein transport routes and their role in maintaining cell homeostasis under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sampaio
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - João Neves
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Tatiana Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (T.C.)
| | - José Pissarra
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Susana Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
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24
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020828. [PMID: 35055014 PMCID: PMC8775474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are sensitive to a variety of stresses that cause various diseases throughout their life cycle. However, they have the ability to cope with these stresses using different defense mechanisms. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important subcellular organelle, primarily recognized as a checkpoint for protein folding. It plays an essential role in ensuring the proper folding and maturation of newly secreted and transmembrane proteins. Different processes are activated when around one-third of newly synthesized proteins enter the ER in the eukaryote cells, such as glycosylation, folding, and/or the assembling of these proteins into protein complexes. However, protein folding in the ER is an error-prone process whereby various stresses easily interfere, leading to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins and causing ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a process that involves sensing ER stress. Many strategies have been developed to reduce ER stress, such as UPR, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagy. Here, we discuss the ER, ER stress, UPR signaling and various strategies for reducing ER stress in plants. In addition, the UPR signaling in plant development and different stresses have been discussed.
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25
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Pu Y, Brandizzi F. Protein Preparation for Proteomic Analysis of the Unfolded Protein Response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2378:279-289. [PMID: 34985707 PMCID: PMC8935445 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1732-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to a potentially cytotoxic condition known as the ER stress. Upon ER stress, cells initiate a homeostatic response called unfolded protein response (UPR) to assist proper folding the unfolded or misfolded proteins. Proteomics have been broadly used in plants with Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) technologies. LC-MS/MS techniques have also been a great tool for studies of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Here we describe our protocol of a fast method for large amount of seedling treatment and collection for UPR study in Arabidopsis thaliana and the preparation of total proteins for proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Pu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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26
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Howell SH. Evolution of the unfolded protein response in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2625-2635. [PMID: 33840122 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants is elicited by endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be brought about by adverse environmental conditions. The response is mediated by a conserved signalling network composed of two branches - one branch involving inositol requiring enzyme1- basic leucine zipper60 (IRE1-bZIP60) signalling pathway and another branch involving the membrane transcription factors, bZIP17 and -28. The UPR has been reported in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, which lacks some canonical UPR signalling components found in vascular plants, raising the question whether C. reinhardtii uses other means such as oxidative signalling or Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay to activate the UPR. In vascular plants, IRE1 splices bZIP60 mRNA in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress by cutting at a site in the RNA that is highly conserved in structure and sequence. Monocots have a single IRE1 gene required for viability in rice, while dicots have two IRE1 genes, IRE1a and -b. Brassicas have a third IRE1 gene, IRE1c, which lacks a lumenal domain, but is required in combination with IRE1b for gametogenesis. Vascular and non-vascular plants upregulate a similar set of genes in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress despite differences in the complexity of their UPR signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Howell
- Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Department, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, 1111 WOI Road, Ames, Iowa, USA
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27
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Diwan D, Liu X, Andrews CF, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. A Quantitative Arabidopsis IRE1a Ribonuclease-Dependent in vitro mRNA Cleavage Assay for Functional Studies of Substrate Splicing and Decay Activities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:707378. [PMID: 34354728 PMCID: PMC8329651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive eukaryotic reaction that controls the protein folding capacities of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The most ancient and well-conserved component of the UPR is Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1). Arabidopsis IRE1a (AtIRE1) is a transmembrane sensor of ER stress equipped with dual protein kinase and ribonuclease (RNase) activities, encoded by its C-terminal domain. In response to both physiological stresses and pathological perturbations, AtIRE1a directly cleaves bZIP60 (basic leucine zipper 60) mRNA. Here, we developed a quantitative in vitro cleavage assay that combines recombinant AtIRE1a protein that is expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and total RNA isolated from Arabidopsis leaves. Wild-type AtIRE1a as well as its variants containing point mutations in the kinase or RNase domains that modify its cleavage activity were employed to demonstrate their contributions to cleavage activity levels. We show that, when exposed to total RNA in vitro, the AtIRE1a protein cleaves bZIP60 mRNA. Depletion of the bZIP60 transcript in the reaction mixture can be precisely quantified by a qRT-PCR-mediated assay. This method facilitates the functional studies of novel plant IRE1 variants by allowing to quickly and precisely assess the effects of protein mutations on the substrate mRNA cleavage activity before advancing to more laborious, stable transgenic approaches in planta. Moreover, this method is readily adaptable to other plant IRE1 paralogs and orthologs, and can also be employed to test additional novel mRNA substrates of plant IRE1, such as transcripts undergoing degradation through the process of regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Finally, this method can also be modified and expanded to functional testing of IRE1 interactors and inhibitors, as well as for studies on the molecular evolution of IRE1 and its substrates, providing additional insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of IRE1-mediated ER stress homeostasis in plant tissues.
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28
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Qiang X, Liu X, Wang X, Zheng Q, Kang L, Gao X, Wei Y, Wu W, Zhao H, Shan W. Susceptibility factor RTP1 negatively regulates Phytophthora parasitica resistance via modulating UPR regulators bZIP60 and bZIP28. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1269-1287. [PMID: 33720348 PMCID: PMC8608195 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved stress adaptive signaling pathway in eukaryotic organisms activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR can be elicited in the course of plant defense, playing important roles in plant-microbe interactions. The major signaling pathways of plant UPR rely on the transcriptional activity of activated forms of ER membrane-associated stress sensors bZIP60 and bZIP28, which are transcription factors that modulate expression of UPR genes. In this study, we report the plant susceptibility factor Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica 1 (RTP1) is involved in ER stress sensing and rtp1-mediated resistance against P. parasitica is synergistically regulated with UPR, as demonstrated by the simultaneous strong induction of UPR and ER stress-associated immune genes in Arabidopsis thaliana rtp1 mutant plants during the infection by P. parasitica. We further demonstrate RTP1 contributes to stabilization of the ER membrane-associated bZIP60 and bZIP28 through manipulating the bifunctional protein kinase/ribonuclease IRE1-mediated bZIP60 splicing activity and interacting with bZIP28. Consequently, we find rtp1bzip60 and rtp1bzip28 mutant plants exhibit compromised resistance accompanied with attenuated induction of ER stress-responsive immune genes and reduction of callose deposition in response to P. parasitica infection. Taken together, we demonstrate RTP1 may exert negative modulating roles in the activation of key UPR regulators bZIP60 and bZIP28, which are required for rtp1-mediated plant resistance to P. parasitica. This facilitates our understanding of the important roles of stress adaptive UPR and ER stress in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qiang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingshao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lijuan Kang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xianxian Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yushu Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weixing Shan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Author for communication:
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29
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Depaepe T, Hendrix S, Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W, Cuypers A, Van Der Straeten D. At the Crossroads of Survival and Death: The Reactive Oxygen Species-Ethylene-Sugar Triad and the Unfolded Protein Response. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:338-351. [PMID: 33431325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Upon stress, a trade-off between plant growth and defense responses defines the capacity for survival. Stress can result in accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other organelles. To cope with these proteotoxic effects, plants rely on the unfolded protein response (UPR). The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ethylene (ETH), and sugars, as well as their crosstalk, in general stress responses is well established, yet their role in UPR deserves further scrutiny. Here, a synopsis of current evidence for ROS-ETH-sugar crosstalk in UPR is discussed. We propose that this triad acts as a major signaling hub at the crossroads of survival and death, integrating information from ER, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, thereby facilitating a coordinated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hendrix
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Henry C Janse van Rensburg
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Angelos E, Ko DK, Zemelis-Durfee S, Brandizzi F. Relevance of the Unfolded Protein Response to Spaceflight-Induced Transcriptional Reprogramming in Arabidopsis. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:367-380. [PMID: 33325797 PMCID: PMC7987364 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants are primary producers of food and oxygen on Earth and will likewise be indispensable to the establishment of large-scale sustainable ecosystems and human survival in space. To contribute to the understanding of how plants respond to spaceflight stress, we examined the significance of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved signaling cascade that responds to a number of unfavorable environmental stresses, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. To do so, we performed a large-scale comparative transcriptome profiling in wild type and various UPR-defective mutants during the SpaceX-CRS12 mission to the International Space Station. We established that orbital culture substantially alters the expression of hundreds of stress-related genes compared with ground control conditions. Although expression of those genes varied in the UPR mutants on the ground, it was largely similar across the genotypes in the spaceflight condition. Our results have yielded new information on how plants respond to growth in orbit and support the hypothesis that spaceflight induces the activation of signaling pathways that compensate for the loss of UPR regulators in the control of downstream transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Angelos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dae Kwan Ko
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Starla Zemelis-Durfee
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Address correspondence to: Federica Brandizzi, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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31
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Samperna S, Boari A, Vurro M, Salzano AM, Reveglia P, Evidente A, Gismondi A, Canini A, Scaloni A, Marra M. Arabidopsis Defense against the Pathogenic Fungus Drechslera gigantea Is Dependent on the Integrity of the Unfolded Protein Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020240. [PMID: 33567651 PMCID: PMC7915340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drechslera gigantea Heald & Wolf is a worldwide-spread necrotrophic fungus closely related to the Bipolaris genus, well-known because many member species provoke severe diseases in cereal crops and studied because they produce sesterpenoid phytoxins named ophiobolins which possess interesting biological properties. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved mechanism protecting eukaryotic cells from the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In plants, consolidated evidence supports the role of UPR in the tolerance to abiotic stress, whereas much less information is available concerning the induction of ER stress by pathogen infection and consequent UPR elicitation as part of the defense response. In this study, the infection process of D. gigantea in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and UPR-defective bzip28 bzip60 double mutant plants was comparatively investigated, with the aim to address the role of UPR in the expression of resistance to the fungal pathogen. The results of confocal microscopy, as well as of qRT-PCR transcript level analysis of UPR genes, proteomics, microRNAs expression profile and HPLC-based hormone analyses demonstrated that ophiobolin produced by the fungus during infection compromised ER integrity and that impairment of the IRE1/bZIP60 pathway of UPR hampered the full expression of resistance, thereby enhancing plant susceptibility to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Samperna
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Boari
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Institute, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Institute, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Pierluigi Reveglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mauro Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (A.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Lyu YS, Shao YJ, Yang ZT, Liu JX. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of ER Stress Response Reveals both Common and Specific Features in Two Contrasting Ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249741. [PMID: 33371194 PMCID: PMC7766468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) elicits a well-conserved response called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which triggers the upregulation of downstream genes involved in protein folding, vesicle trafficking, and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Although dynamic transcriptomic responses and the underlying major transcriptional regulators in ER stress response in Arabidopsis have been well established, the proteome changes induced by ER stress have not been reported in Arabidopsis. In the current study, we found that the Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotype was more sensitive to ER stress than the Columbia (Col) ecotype. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) isobaric labeling showed that, in total, 7439 and 7035 proteins were identified from Col and Ler seedlings, with 88 and 113 differentially regulated (FC > 1.3 or <0.7, p < 0.05) proteins by ER stress in Col and Ler, respectively. Among them, 40 proteins were commonly upregulated in Col and Ler, among which 10 were not upregulated in bzip28 bzip60 double mutant (Col background) plants. Of the 19 specifically upregulated proteins in Col, as compared with that in Ler, components in ERAD, N-glycosylation, vesicle trafficking, and molecular chaperones were represented. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that transcripts of eight out of 19 proteins were not upregulated (FC > 1.3 or <0.7, p < 0.05) by ER stress in Col ecotype, while transcripts of 11 out of 19 proteins were upregulated by ER stress in both ecotypes with no obvious differences in fold change between Col and Ler. Our results experimentally demonstrated the robust ER stress response at the proteome level in plants and revealed differentially regulated proteins that may contribute to the differed ER stress sensitivity between Col and Ler ecotypes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shu Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-J.S.)
| | - Yu-Jian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-J.S.)
| | - Zheng-Ting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550018, China;
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.-S.L.); (Y.-J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88208114
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33
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Afrin T, Seok M, Terry BC, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM. Probing natural variation of IRE1 expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in Arabidopsis accessions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19154. [PMID: 33154475 PMCID: PMC7645728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental effects shape genetic changes in the individuals within plant populations, which in turn contribute to the enhanced genetic diversity of the population as a whole. Thus, individuals within the same species can acquire and accumulate genetic differences in their genomes depending on their local environment and evolutionary history. IRE1 is a universal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor that activates an evolutionarily conserved signalling cascade in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we selected nine different Arabidopsis accessions along with the reference ecotype Columbia-0, based on their geographical origins and differential endogenous IRE1 expression under steady-state conditions to investigate the natural variation of ER stress responses. We cloned and analysed selected upstream regulatory regions of IRE1a and IRE1b, which revealed differential levels of their inducibility. We also subjected these accessions to an array of biotic and abiotic stresses including heat, ER stress-inducing chemical tunicamycin, phytohormone salicylic acid, and pathogen infection. We measured IRE1-mediated splicing of its evolutionarily conserved downstream client as well as transcript accumulation of ER-resident chaperones and co-chaperones. Collectively, our results illustrate the expression polymorphism of a major plant stress receptor and its relationship with molecular and physiological ER stress sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiaba Afrin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Minye Seok
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Brenna C Terry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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34
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Stephani M, Picchianti L, Gajic A, Beveridge R, Skarwan E, Sanchez de Medina Hernandez V, Mohseni A, Clavel M, Zeng Y, Naumann C, Matuszkiewicz M, Turco E, Loefke C, Li B, Dürnberger G, Schutzbier M, Chen HT, Abdrakhmanov A, Savova A, Chia KS, Djamei A, Schaffner I, Abel S, Jiang L, Mechtler K, Ikeda F, Martens S, Clausen T, Dagdas Y. A cross-kingdom conserved ER-phagy receptor maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during stress. eLife 2020; 9:e58396. [PMID: 32851973 PMCID: PMC7515635 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes have evolved various quality control mechanisms to promote proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Selective removal of certain ER domains via autophagy (termed as ER-phagy) has emerged as a major quality control mechanism. However, the degree to which ER-phagy is employed by other branches of ER-quality control remains largely elusive. Here, we identify a cytosolic protein, C53, that is specifically recruited to autophagosomes during ER-stress, in both plant and mammalian cells. C53 interacts with ATG8 via a distinct binding epitope, featuring a shuffled ATG8 interacting motif (sAIM). C53 senses proteotoxic stress in the ER lumen by forming a tripartite receptor complex with the ER-associated ufmylation ligase UFL1 and its membrane adaptor DDRGK1. The C53/UFL1/DDRGK1 receptor complex is activated by stalled ribosomes and induces the degradation of internal or passenger proteins in the ER. Consistently, the C53 receptor complex and ufmylation mutants are highly susceptible to ER stress. Thus, C53 forms an ancient quality control pathway that bridges selective autophagy with ribosome-associated quality control in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Stephani
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Lorenzo Picchianti
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Gajic
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Emilio Skarwan
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | | | - Azadeh Mohseni
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Marion Clavel
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, New TerritoriesShatinChina
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | - Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Eleonora Turco
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Christian Loefke
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, New TerritoriesShatinChina
| | - Gerhard Dürnberger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Schutzbier
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Hsiao Tieh Chen
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, New TerritoriesShatinChina
| | - Alibek Abdrakhmanov
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Adriana Savova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Khong-Sam Chia
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Irene Schaffner
- BOKU Core Facility Biomolecular & Cellular Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, New TerritoriesShatinChina
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
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Salt stress induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive genes in a grapevine rootstock. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236424. [PMID: 32730292 PMCID: PMC7392237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevines, although adapted to occasional drought or salt stress, are relatively sensitive to growth- and yield-limiting salinity stress. To understand the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and identify genes commonly regulated by both stresses in grapevine, we investigated transcript profiles in leaves of the salt-tolerant grapevine rootstock 1616C under salt- and ER-stress. Among 1643 differentially expressed transcripts at 6 h post-treatment in leaves, 29 were unique to ER stress, 378 were unique to salt stress, and 16 were common to both stresses. At 24 h post-treatment, 243 transcripts were unique to ER stress, 1150 were unique to salt stress, and 168 were common to both stresses. GO term analysis identified genes in categories including ‘oxidative stress’, ‘protein folding’, ‘transmembrane transport’, ‘protein phosphorylation’, ‘lipid transport’, ‘proteolysis’, ‘photosynthesis’, and ‘regulation of transcription’. The expression of genes encoding transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in hormone biosynthesis increased in response to both ER and salt stresses. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes for both ER and salt stress were divided into four main categories including; carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction and lipid metabolism. Differential expression of several genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis, which validated our microarray results. We identified transcripts for genes that might be involved in salt tolerance and also many genes differentially expressed under both ER and salt stresses. Our results could provide new insights into the mechanisms of salt tolerance and ER stress in plants and should be useful for genetic improvement of salt tolerance in grapevine.
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Afrin T, Diwan D, Sahawneh K, Pajerowska-Mukhtar K. Multilevel regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in plants: where old roads and new paths meet. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1659-1667. [PMID: 31679034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The sessile lifestyle of plants requires them to cope with a multitude of stresses in situ. In response to diverse environmental and intracellular cues, plant cells respond by massive reprogramming of transcription and translation of stress response regulators, many of which rely on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processing. This increased protein synthesis could exceed the capacity of precise protein quality control, leading to the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins that triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Such cellular stress responses are multilayered and executed in different cellular compartments. Here, we will discuss the three main branches of UPR signaling in diverse eukaryotic systems, and describe various levels of ER stress response regulation that encompass transcriptional gene regulation by master transcription factors, post-transcriptional activities including cytoplasmic splicing, translational control, and multiple post-translational events such as peptide modifications and cleavage. In addition, we will discuss the roles of plant ER stress sensors in abiotic and biotic stress responses and speculate on the future prospects of engineering these signaling events for heightened stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiaba Afrin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Danish Diwan
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Katrina Sahawneh
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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The Multifaceted Roles of Plant Hormone Salicylic Acid in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235842. [PMID: 31766401 PMCID: PMC6928836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in ER stress. In response to ER stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing chaperon synthesis, protein folding capacity, and degradation of misfolded proteins. These responses of plants are called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress signaling and UPR can be regulated by salicylic acid (SA), but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in ER stress and UPR is summarized in model plants and crops to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels.
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Functional Diversification of ER Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:123-136. [PMID: 31753702 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis of one-third of the cellular proteome and is constantly challenged by physiological and environmental situations that can perturb its homeostasis and lead to the accumulation of misfolded secretory proteins, a condition referred to as ER stress. In response, the ER evokes a set of intracellular signaling processes, collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are designed to restore biosynthetic capacity of the ER. As single-cell organisms evolved into multicellular life, the UPR complexity has increased to suit their growth and development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the UPR, emphasizing conserved UPR elements between plants and metazoans and highlighting unique plant-specific features.
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Pu Y, Ruberti C, Angelos ER, Brandizzi F. AtIRE1C, an unconventional isoform of the UPR master regulator AtIRE1, is functionally associated with AtIRE1B in Arabidopsis gametogenesis. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00187. [PMID: 31799493 PMCID: PMC6883098 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR), a highly conserved set of eukaryotic intracellular signaling cascades, controls the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in normal physiological growth and situations causing accumulation of potentially toxic levels of misfolded proteins in the ER, a condition known as ER stress. During evolution, eukaryotic lineages have acquired multiple UPR effectors, which have increased the pliability of cytoprotective responses to physiological and environmental stresses. The ER-associated protein kinase and ribonuclease IRE1 is a UPR effector that is conserved from yeast to metazoans and plants. IRE1 assumes dispensable roles in growth in yeast but it is essential in mammals and plants. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two isoforms of IRE1, IRE1A and IRE1B, whose protein functional domains are conserved across eukaryotes. Here, we describe the identification of a third Arabidopsis IRE1 isoform, IRE1C. This protein lacks the ER lumenal domain that has been implicated in sensing ER stress in the IRE1 isoforms known to date. Through functional analyses, we demonstrate that IRE1C is not essential in growth and stress responses when deleted from the genome singularly or in combination with an IRE1A knockout allele. However, we found that IRE1C exerts an essential role in gametogenesis when IRE1B is also depleted. Our results identify a novel, plant-specific IRE1 isoform and highlight that at least the control of gametogenesis in Arabidopsis requires an unexpected functional coordination of IRE1C and IRE1B. More broadly, our findings support the existence of a functional form of IRE1 that is required for development despite the remarkable absence of a protein domain that is critical for the function of other known IRE1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Pu
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Evan R. Angelos
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LabMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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40
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Nguyen VC, Nakamura Y, Kanehara K. Membrane lipid polyunsaturation mediated by FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:478-493. [PMID: 31001857 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturation of membrane glycerolipid classes at their hydrophobic fatty acid tails critically affects the physical nature of the lipid molecule. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 7 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) differently desaturate each glycerolipid class in plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we showed that polyunsaturation of ER glycerolipids is required for the ER stress response. Through systematic screening of FAD mutants, we found that a mutant of FAD2 resulted in a hypersensitive response to tunicamycin, a chemical inducer of ER stress. FAD2 converts oleic acid to linoleic acid of the fatty acyl groups of ER-synthesized phospholipids. Our functional in vivo reporter assay revealed the ER localization and distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of FAD2. Moreover, glycerolipid profiling of both mutants and overexpressors of FAD2 under tunicamycin-induced ER stress conditions, along with phenotypic screening of the mutants of the FAD family, suggested that the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18:1 to 18:2 species, may be an important factor in allowing the ER membrane to cope with ER stress. Therefore, our results suggest that membrane lipid polyunsaturation mediated by FAD2 is involved in ER stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Cam Nguyen
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Science and Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
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41
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Blanco NE, Liebsch D, Guinea Díaz M, Strand Å, Whelan J. Dual and dynamic intracellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana SnRK1.1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2325-2338. [PMID: 30753728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 1.1 (SnRK1.1; also known as KIN10 or SnRK1α) has been identified as the catalytic subunit of the complex SnRK1, the Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of a central integrator of energy and stress signalling in eukaryotes dubbed AMPK/Snf1/SnRK1. A nuclear localization of SnRK1.1 has been previously described and is in line with its function as an integrator of energy and stress signals. Here, using two biological models (Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana), native regulatory sequences, different microscopy techniques, and manipulations of cellular energy status, it was found that SnRK1.1 is localized dynamically between the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This distribution was confirmed at a spatial and temporal level by co-localization studies with two different fluorescent ER markers, one of them being the SnRK1.1 phosphorylation target HMGR. The ER and nuclear localization displayed a dynamic behaviour in response to perturbations of the plastidic electron transport chain. These results suggest that an ER-associated SnRK1.1 fraction might be sensing the cellular energy status, being a point of crosstalk with other ER stress regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E Blanco
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CEFOBI-CONICET/UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Daniela Liebsch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Manuel Guinea Díaz
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiologyogy, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Sciences, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Lorenzon-Ojea AR, Yung HW, Burton GJ, Bevilacqua E. The potential contribution of stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2) in endoplasmic reticulum stress response in severe preeclampsia and labor-onset. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165386. [PMID: 30776414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when the protein folding machinery in the cell is unable to cope with newly synthesized proteins, which results in an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. In response, the cell activates a cellular signaling pathway known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), aiming to restore cellular homeostasis. Activation and exacerbation of the UPR have been described in several human pathologies, including cancer and neurological disorders, and in some gestational diseases such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. This review explores the participation of stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2) in UPR pathways, shows new information and discusses its exacerbation regarding protein expression in severe preeclampsia and labor, both of which are associated with ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Lorenzon-Ojea
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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43
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Park CJ, Park JM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Plays a Critical Role in Integrating Signals Generated by Both Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31019523 PMCID: PMC6458287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of environmental adaptations in plants have focused on either biotic or abiotic stress factors in an attempt to understand the defense mechanisms of plants against individual stresses. However, in the natural ecosystem, plants are simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. Stress-tolerant crops developed in translational studies based on a single stress often fail to exhibit the expected traits in the field. To adapt to abiotic stress, recent studies have identified the need for interactions of plants with various microorganisms. These findings highlight the need to understand the multifaceted interactions of plants with biotic and abiotic stress factors. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that links various stress responses. To gain insight into the molecular integration of biotic and abiotic stress responses in the ER, we focused on the interactions of plants with RNA viruses. This interaction points toward the relevance of ER in viral pathogenicity as well as plant responses. In this mini review, we explore the molecular crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress signaling through the ER by elaborating ER-mediated signaling in response to RNA viruses and abiotic stresses. Additionally, we summarize the results of a recent study on phytohormones that induce ER-mediated stress response. These studies will facilitate the development of multi-stress-tolerant transgenic crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang-Jin Park,
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Jeong Mee Park,
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44
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Liu L, Li J. Communications Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Other Organelles During Abiotic Stress Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:749. [PMID: 31249578 PMCID: PMC6582665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions, plants have evolved sophisticated tolerance mechanisms to integrate various stress signals and to coordinate plant growth and development. It is well known that inter-organellar communications play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to environmental stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), extending throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, is a central organelle involved in lipid metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and synthesis and folding of secretory and transmembrane proteins crucial to perceive and transduce environmental signals. The ER communicates with the nucleus via the highly conserved unfolded protein response pathway to mitigate ER stress. Importantly, recent studies have revealed that the dynamic ER network physically interacts with other intracellular organelles and endomembrane compartments, such as the Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome, vacuole, and the plasma membrane, through multiple membrane contact sites between closely apposed organelles. In this review, we will discuss the signaling and metabolite exchanges between the ER and other organelles during abiotic stress responses in plants as well as the ER-organelle membrane contact sites and their associated tethering complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianming Li, ;
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45
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Zeng Y, Li B, Zhang W, Jiang L. ER-Phagy and ER Stress Response (ERSR) in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1192. [PMID: 31611901 PMCID: PMC6777540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the starting point for protein secretion and lipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes. ER homeostasis is precisely regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) to alleviate stress, involving both transcriptional and translational regulators. Autophagy is an intracellular self-eating process mediated by the double-membrane structure autophagosome for the degradation of cytosolic components and damaged organelles to regenerate nutrient supplies under nutrient-deficient or stress conditions. A recent study has revealed that besides serving as a membrane source for phagophore formation, the ER is also tightly regulated under stress conditions by a distinct type of autophagosome, namely ER-phagy. ER-phagy has been characterized with receptors clearly identified in mammals and yeast, yet relatively little is known about plant ER-phagy and its receptors. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge of ER-phagy in yeast and mammals and highlight recent progress in plant ER-phagy studies, pointing towards a possible interplay between ER-phagy and ER homeostasis under ER stress responses (ERSRs) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Yonglun Zeng, ; Baiying Li, ; Liwen Jiang,
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Yonglun Zeng, ; Baiying Li, ; Liwen Jiang,
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yonglun Zeng, ; Baiying Li, ; Liwen Jiang,
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46
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Nagashima Y, von Schaewen A, Koiwa H. Function of N-glycosylation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:70-79. [PMID: 30080642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is one of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells. In lower unicellular eukaryotes, the known functions of N-glycans are predominantly in protein folding and quality control within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In multicellular organisms, complex N-glycans are important for developmental programs and immune responses. However, little is known about the functions of complex N-glycans in plants. Formed in the Golgi apparatus, plant complex N-glycans have structures distinct from their animal counterparts due to a set of glycosyltransferases unique to plants. Severe basal underglycosylation in the ER lumen induces misfolding of newly synthesized proteins, which elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER protein quality control (ERQC) pathways. The former promotes higher capacity of proper protein folding and the latter degradation of misfolded proteins to clear the ER. Although our knowledge on plant complex N-glycan functions is limited, genetic studies revealed the importance of complex N-glycans in cellulose biosynthesis and growth under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Nagashima
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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47
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Bao Y, Pu Y, Yu X, Gregory BD, Srivastava R, Howell SH, Bassham DC. IRE1B degrades RNAs encoding proteins that interfere with the induction of autophagy by ER stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autophagy 2018; 14:1562-1573. [PMID: 29940799 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1462426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotes that contributes to cell survival in response to stress. Previously, we found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces autophagy in plants via a pathway dependent upon AT5G24360/IRE1B (INOSITOL REQUIRING 1-1), an ER membrane-anchored factor involved in the splicing of AT1G42990/BZIP60 (basic leucine zipper protein 60) mRNA. IRE1B is a dual protein kinase and ribonuclease, and here we determined the involvement of the protein kinase catalytic domain, nucleotide binding and RNase domains of IRE1B in activating autophagy. We found that the nucleotide binding and RNase activity of IRE1B, but not its protein kinase activity or splicing target BZIP60, are required for ER stress-mediated autophagy. Upon ER stress, the RNase activity of IRE1B engages in regulated IRE1-dependent decay of messenger RNA (RIDD), in which mRNAs of secreted proteins are degraded by IRE1 upon ER stress. Twelve genes most highly targeted by RIDD were tested for their role in inhibiting ER stress-induced autophagy, and 3 of their encoded proteins, AT1G66270/BGLU21 (β-glucosidase 21), AT2G16005/ROSY1/ML (MD2-related lipid recognition protein) and AT5G01870/PR-14 (pathogenesis-related protein 14), were found to inhibit autophagy upon overexpression. From these findings, IRE1B is posited to be a 'licensing factor' linking ER stress to autophagy by degrading the RNA transcripts of factors that interfere with the induction of autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS ACT2: actin 2; ATG: autophagy-related; BGLU21: β-glucosidase 21; BIP3: binding protein 3; BZIP: basic leucine zipper; DAPI: 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DTT: dithiothreitol; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; IRE1: inositol requiring 1; GFP: green fluorescent protein; MAP3K5/ASK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5; MAPK8/JNK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; PR-14: pathogenesis-related protein 14; RIDD: Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay of Messenger RNA; ROSY1/ML: interactor of synaptotagmin1/MD2-related lipid recognition protein; Tm: tunicamycin; UPR: unfolded protein response; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Yunting Pu
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.,b Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Program , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- c Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- c Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Renu Srivastava
- d Plant Sciences Institute , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Stephen H Howell
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.,d Plant Sciences Institute , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- a Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA.,b Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Program , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
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48
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Abstract
Under the unfolded protein response (UPR), transcripts encoding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones are increased and those encoding proteins synthesized in the ER are decreased. To reproducibly detect such changes of an expression profile, homogeneous growth of plants is desired. In addition, uniform treatment with drugs inducing the UPR is also necessary. Here we describe our methods of plant culture and drug treatment, and procedure to detect gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR.
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49
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Ni H, Rui Q, Xu Y, Zhu J, Gao F, Dang B, Li D, Gao R, Chen G. RACK1 upregulation induces neuroprotection by activating the IRE1-XBP1 signaling pathway following traumatic brain injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Li M, Ji L, Jia Z, Yang X, Meng Q, Guo S. Constitutive expression of CaHSP22.5 enhances chilling tolerance in transgenic tobacco by promoting the activity of antioxidative enzymes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:575-585. [PMID: 32290996 DOI: 10.1071/fp17226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chilling stress limits the productivity and geographical distribution of many organisms throughout the world. In plants, the small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) belong to a group of proteins known as chaperones. The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cDNA clone CaHSP22.5, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-located sHSP (ER-sHSP), was isolated and introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants and Escherichia coli. The performance index and the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) were higher and the accumulation of H2O2 and superoxide radicals (O2-) was lower in the transgenic lines than in the untransformed plants under chilling stress, which suggested that CaHSP22.5 accumulation enhanced photochemical activity and oxidation resistance. However, purified CaHSP22.5 could not directly reduce the contents of H2O2 and O2- in vitro. Additionally, heterologously expressed recombinant CaHSP22.5 enhanced E. coli viability under oxidative stress, helping to elucidate the cellular antioxidant function of CaHSP22.5 in vivo. At the same time, antioxidant enzyme activity was higher, which was consistent with the lower relative electrolyte conductivity and malondialdehyde contents of the transgenic lines compared with the wild-type. Furthermore, constitutive expression of CaHSP22.5 decreased the expression of other endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones, which indicated that the constitutive expression of ER-sHSP alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by chilling stress in plants. We hypothesise that CaHSP22.5 stabilises unfolded proteins as a chaperone and increases the activity of reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes to avoid oxidation damage under chilling stress, thereby suggesting that CaHSP22.5 could be useful for improving the tolerance of chilling-sensitive plant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Li
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Lusha Ji
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zefeng Jia
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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