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Iglesias R, Citores L, Gay CC, Ferreras JM. Antifungal Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:192. [PMID: 38668617 PMCID: PMC11054410 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of crop diseases caused by fungi remains a major problem and there is a need to find effective fungicides that are environmentally friendly. Plants are an excellent source for this purpose because they have developed defense mechanisms to cope with fungal infections. Among the plant proteins that play a role in defense are ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes obtained mainly from angiosperms that, in addition to inactivating ribosomes, have been studied as antiviral, fungicidal, and insecticidal proteins. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential use of RIPs (and other proteins with similar activity) as antifungal agents, with special emphasis on RIP/fungus specificity, possible mechanisms of antifungal action, and the use of RIP genes to obtain fungus-resistant transgenic plants. It also highlights the fact that these proteins also have antiviral and insecticidal activity, which makes them very versatile tools for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (R.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucía Citores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (R.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Claudia C. Gay
- Laboratory of Protein Research, Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (UNNE-CONICET), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina;
| | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (R.I.); (L.C.)
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Zhou Y, Yang D, Qiang Z, Meng Y, Li R, Fan X, Zhao W, Meng Y. Ribosome-inactivating Protein MAP30 Isolated from Momordica Charantia L. Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:223-232. [PMID: 36330636 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666221103114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) have been reported to exert antitumor and anti-virus activities. A recent patent CN202011568116.7 has developed a new method to prepare Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 kDa (MAP30). MAP30 is a type I RIP, which kills various tumor cells through the N-glycosidase activity and irreversibly inhibits protein synthesis. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential role of MAP30 in inducing apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HCC-LM3 cells and elucidate the molecular mechanism of MAP30. METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to assess the proliferation of HCC-LM3 cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure the cycle, the level of ROS and apoptosis in HCC-LM3 cells. Western blots was used to measure protein levels. RESULTS Treatment with MAP30 reduced survival and proliferation of human liver cancer HCCLM3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PI staining showed cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, MAP30 increased the level of ROS in HCC-LM3 cells in 24 h treatment. To further confirm the role of MAP30 in inducing cell apoptosis, immunoblotting was carried out to detect the change of apoptosis-related proteins including PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP- 1), Casepase3 and Cleaved-Caspase9. We found that PARP-1 and Caspase-3 were downregulated, whereas Cleaved-Caspase9 was up-regulated in HCC-LM3 cells treated with MAP30. CONCLUSION This study indicated that MAP30 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihao Qiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfa Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ruigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
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Cai T, Chen H, Yan L, Zhang C, Deng Y, Wu S, Yang Q, Pan R, Raza A, Chen S, Zhuang W. The root-specific NtR12 promoter-based expression of RIP increased the resistance against bacterial wilt disease in tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11503-11514. [PMID: 36097128 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is an important economic crop, but the quality and yield have been severely impaired by bacterial wilt disease (BWD) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we describe a transgenic approach to prevent BWD in tobacco plants. A new root-specific promoter of an NtR12 gene was successfully cloned. The NtR12 promoter drove GUS reporter gene expression to a high level in roots but to less extent in stems, and no significant expression was detected in leaves. The Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP) gene from Momordica charantia was also cloned, and its ability to inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum was evaluated using RIP protein produced by the prokaryotic expression system. The RIP gene was constructed downstream of the NtR12 promoter and transformed into the tobacco cultivar "Cuibi No. 1" (CB-1), resulting in many descendants. The resistance against BWD was significantly improved in transgenic tobacco lines expressing NtR12::RIP. CONCLUSION This study confirms that the RIP gene confers resistance to BWD and the NtR12 as a new promoter for its specific expression in root and stem. Our findings pave a novel avenue for transgenic engineering to prevent the harmful impact of diseases and pests in roots and stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiecheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liming Yan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shengxin Wu
- Fujian Province Bureau of Tobacco, Tobacco Agriculture and Scientific Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ronglong Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shunhui Chen
- Fujian Province Bureau of Tobacco, Tobacco Agriculture and Scientific Research Institute, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Mishra V, Mishra R, Shamra RS. Ribosome inactivating proteins - An unfathomed biomolecule for developing multi-stress tolerant transgenic plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:107-122. [PMID: 35525494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic crops would serve as a tool to overcome the forthcoming crisis in food security and environmental safety posed by degrading land and changing global climate. Commercial transgenic crops developed so far focus on single stress; however, sustaining crop yield to ensure food security requires transgenics tolerant to multiple environmental stresses. Here we argue and demonstrate the untapped potential of ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), translation inhibitors, as potential transgenes in developing transgenics to combat multiple stresses in the environment. Plant RIPs target the fundamental processes of the cell with very high specificity to the infecting pests. While controlling pathogens, RIPs also cause ectopic expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and trigger systemic acquired resistance. On the other hand, during abiotic stress, RIPs show antioxidant activity and trigger both enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent metabolic pathways, alleviating abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, temperature, etc. RIPs express in response to specific environmental signals; therefore, their expression obviates additional physiological load on the transgenic plants instead of the constitutive expression. Based on evidence from its biological significance, ecological roles, laboratory- and controlled-environment success of its transgenics, and ethical merits, we unravel the potential of RIPs in developing transgenic plants showing co-tolerance to multiple environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ruchi Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Jesus and Mary College, University of Delhi, Chanakyapuri, Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Radhey Shyam Shamra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change & Sustainability, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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The Structural Characterization and Antipathogenic Activities of Quinoin, a Type 1 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein from Quinoa Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168964. [PMID: 34445686 PMCID: PMC8396469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoin is a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) we previously isolated from the seeds of pseudocereal quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and is known as a functional food for its beneficial effects on human health. As the presence of RIPs in edible plants could be potentially risky, here we further characterised biochemically the protein (complete amino acid sequence, homologies/differences with other RIPs and three-dimensional homology modeling) and explored its possible defensive role against pathogens. Quinoin consists of 254 amino acid residues, without cysteinyl residues. As demonstrated by similarities and homology modeling, quinoin preserves the amino acid residues of the active site (Tyr75, Tyr122, Glu177, Arg180, Phe181 and Trp206; quinoin numbering) and the RIP-fold characteristic of RIPs. The polypeptide chain of quinoin contains two N-glycosylation sites at Asn115 and Asp231, the second of which appears to be linked to sugars. Moreover, by comparative MALDI-TOF tryptic peptide mapping, two differently glycosylated forms of quinoin, named pre-quinoin-1 and pre-quinoin-2 (~0.11 mg/100 g and ~0.85 mg/100 g of seeds, respectively) were characterised. Finally, quinoin possesses: (i) strong antiviral activity, both in vitro and in vivo towards Tobacco Necrosis Virus (TNV); (ii) a growth inhibition effect on the bacterial pathogens of plants; and (iii) a slight antifungal effect against two Cryphonectria parasitica strains.
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Mucoricin is a ricin-like toxin that is critical for the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:313-326. [PMID: 33462434 PMCID: PMC7914224 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the order Mucorales cause mucormycosis, a lethal infection with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. We demonstrate that Mucorales fungi produce a toxin, which plays a central role in virulence. Polyclonal antibodies against this toxin inhibit its ability to damage human cells in vitro and prevent hypovolemic shock, organ necrosis and death in mice with mucormycosis. Inhibition of the toxin in Rhizopus delemar through RNA interference compromises the ability of the fungus to damage host cells and attenuates virulence in mice. This 17 kDa toxin has structural and functional features of the plant toxin ricin, including the ability to inhibit protein synthesis through its N-glycosylase activity, the existence of a motif that mediates vascular leak and a lectin sequence. Antibodies against the toxin inhibit R. delemar- or toxin-mediated vascular permeability in vitro and cross react with ricin. A monoclonal anti-ricin B chain antibody binds to the toxin and also inhibits its ability to cause vascular permeability. Therefore, we propose the name 'mucoricin' for this toxin. Not only is mucoricin important in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis but our data suggest that a ricin-like toxin is produced by organisms beyond the plant and bacterial kingdoms. Importantly, mucoricin should be a promising therapeutic target.
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Choudhary N, Lodha ML, Baranwal VK. The role of enzymatic activities of antiviral proteins from plants for action against plant pathogens. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:505. [PMID: 33184592 PMCID: PMC7642053 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral proteins (AVPs) from plants possess multiple activities, such as N-glycosidase, RNase, DNase enzymatic activity, and induce pathogenesis-related proteins, salicylic acid, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. The N-glycosidase activity releases the adenine residues from sarcin/ricin (S/R) loop of large subunit of ribosomes and interfere the host protein synthesis process and this activity has been attributed for antiviral activity in plant. It has been shown that AVP binds directly to viral genome-linked protein of plant viruses and interfere with protein synthesis of virus. AVPs also possess the RNase and DNase like activity and may be targeting nucleic acid of viruses directly. Recently, the antifungal, antibacterial, and antiinsect properties of AVPs have also been demonstrated. Gene encoding for AVPs has been used for the development of transgenic resistant crops to a broad range of plant pathogens and insect pests. However, the cytotoxicity has been observed in transgenic crops using AVP gene in some cases which can be a limiting factor for its application in agriculture. In this review, we have reviewed various aspects of AVPs particularly their characteristics, possible mode of action and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandlal Choudhary
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313 India
| | - M. L. Lodha
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - V. K. Baranwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Rasoulpour R, Izadpanah K, Afsharifar A. Opuntin B, the antiviral protein isolated from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller) cladode exhibits ribonuclease activity. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103929. [PMID: 31846744 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An antiviral protein, designated Opuntin B, was purified from Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller) Cladode by heat treatment of the extract, protein precipitation by ammonium sulfate treatment followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Assessment of enzymatic activity of the purified protein showed that it degrades total plant genomic RNA, while causing electrophoretic mobility shifting of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNAs. However, heat-denatured viral RNA became sensitive to degradation upon treatment with antiviral protein. Opuntin B had no DNase activity on native and heat-denatured apricot genomic DNA, and on PCR-amplified coat protein gene of CMV. Using CMV as prey protein and Opuntin B as bait protein, no interaction was found between the antiviral protein and viral coat protein in far western dot blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Rasoulpour
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Keramat Izadpanah
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Yamashiro T, Shiraishi A, Satake H, Nakayama K. Draft genome of Tanacetum cinerariifolium, the natural source of mosquito coil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18249. [PMID: 31796833 PMCID: PMC6890757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), which is a perennial Asteraceae plant with white daisy-like flowers, is the original source of mosquito coils and is known for the biosynthesis of the pyrethrin class of natural insecticides. However, the molecular basis of the production of pyrethrins by T. cinerariifolium has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we present the 7.1-Gb draft genome of T. cinerariifolium, consisting of 2,016,451 scaffolds and 60,080 genes predicted with high confidence. Notably, analyses of transposable elements (TEs) indicated that TEs occupy 33.84% of the genome sequence. Furthermore, TEs of the sire and oryco clades were found to be enriched in the T. cinerariifolium-specific evolutionary lineage, occupying a total of 13% of the genome sequence, a proportion approximately 8-fold higher than that in other plants. InterProScan analysis demonstrated that biodefense-related toxic proteins (e.g., ribosome inactivating proteins), signal transduction-related proteins (e.g., histidine kinases), and metabolic enzymes (e.g., lipoxygenases, acyl-CoA dehydrogenases/oxygenases, and P450s) are also highly enriched in the T. cinerariifolium genome. Molecular phylogenetic analysis detected a variety of enzymes with genus-specific multiplication, including both common enzymes and others that appear to be specific to pyrethrin biosynthesis. Together, these data identify possible novel components of the pyrethrin biosynthesis pathway and provide new insights into the unique genomic features of T. cinerariifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yamashiro
- Dainihon Jochugiku Co., Ltd., 1-1-11 Daikoku-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0827, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan.
| | - Koji Nakayama
- Dainihon Jochugiku Co., Ltd., 1-1-11 Daikoku-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0827, Japan.
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Aitbakieva VR, Ahmad R, Singh S, Domashevskiy AV. Inhibition of ricin A-chain (RTA) catalytic activity by a viral genome-linked protein (VPg). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:645-653. [PMID: 30822539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ricin is a plant derived protein toxin produced by the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classifies ricin as a Category B biological agent. Currently, there is neither an effective vaccine that can be used to protect against ricin exposure nor a therapeutic to reverse the effects once exposed. Here we quantitatively characterize interactions between catalytic ricin A-chain (RTA) and a viral genome-linked protein (VPg) from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). VPg and its N-terminal truncated variant, VPg1-110, bind to RTA and abolish ricin's catalytic depurination of 28S rRNA in vitro and in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte translational system. RTA and VPg bind in a 1 to 1 stoichiometric ratio, and their binding affinity increases ten-fold as temperature elevates (5 °C to 37 °C). RTA-VPg binary complex formation is enthalpically driven and favored by entropy, resulting in an overall favorable energy, ΔG = -136.8 kJ/mol. Molecular modeling supports our experimental observations and predicts a major contribution of electrostatic interactions, suggesting an allosteric mechanism of downregulation of RTA activity through conformational changes in RTA structure, and/or disruption of binding with the ribosomal stalk. Fluorescence anisotropy studies show that heat affects the rate constant and the activation energy for the RTA-VPg complex, Ea = -62.1 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic and kinetic findings presented here are an initial lead study with promising results and provides a rational approach for synthesis of therapeutic peptides that successfully eliminate toxicity of ricin, and other cytotoxic RIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R Aitbakieva
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, the City University of New York, New York 10019, NY, United States of America
| | - Rahimah Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States of America
| | - Shaneen Singh
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States of America
| | - Artem V Domashevskiy
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, the City University of New York, New York 10019, NY, United States of America.
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Ajji PK, Sonkar SP, Walder K, Puri M. Purification and functional characterization of recombinant balsamin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from Momordica balsamina. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:226-234. [PMID: 29471092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Balsamin, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), has been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication at the translation step. Our recent studies have shown that balsamin also possess anti-tumor, antibacterial and DNase-like activity, however, the amount of natural balsamin in Momordica balsamina seeds is limited and preclinical studies require large quantities of pure, bioactive balsamin. Therefore, in this study, we cloned the balsamin gene, expressed it in E.coli BL21 (DE3) strain and purified it by nickel affinity chromatography. Functional analysis indicated that balsamin exhibits both RNA N-glycosidase activity, releasing the Endo-fragment from rabbit reticulocyte rRNA, and DNase-like activity, converting the supercoiled form of a plasmid into the linear form in a concentration-dependent manner. Analysis of secondary structure revealed that recombinant balsamin mainly consisted of α-helical and random coiled with minimal turns and β-sheets. Recombinant balsamin was found to be stable in the temperature range of 20-60 °C and pH range of 6-9. Antimicrobial assays showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of recombinant balsamin for various pathogens ranged between 1.56 and 12.5 μg/ml. Heterologous expression and purification of balsamin carries great importance as it provides an alternative approach for large-scale preparation of biologically active recombinant balsamin, which is difficult from its natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder K Ajji
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Shailendra P Sonkar
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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NAMVAR S, BARKHORDARI F, RAIGANI M, JAHANDAR H, NEMATOLLAHI L, DAVAMI F. Cloning and soluble expression of mature α-luffin from Luffa cylindrica in E. coli using SUMO fusion protein. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:23-32. [PMID: 30814867 PMCID: PMC6353257 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1708-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Lufin, found in Luaf cylindrica seeds, is a type I ribosome inactivating proteins. Cytotoxic effects make it an appropriate candidate for the construction of immunotoxins and conjugates. Because of limited natural resources, recombinant technology is the best approach to achieve large-scale production of plant-based proteins. In the present study, α-lufin protein was expressed in E. coli and the effects of different temperature conditions, SUMO fusion tag, and cultivation strategies on total expression and solubility were investigated. Protein expression was evaluated at different intervals (0, 4, 6, 8, 24 h) postinduction. Our results showed that EnBase had higher eficiency than LB, and maximum solubility and total protein expression were achieved 24 h after induction at 30 °C and 25 °C, respectively. It was shown that SUMO tag is an effective strategy to improve protein solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh NAMVAR
- Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran
,
Tehran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University
,
Tehran
,
Iran
| | | | - Mozhgan RAIGANI
- Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran
,
Tehran
| | - Hoda JAHANDAR
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences &Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University
,
Tehran
,
Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University
,
Tehran
,
Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh DAVAMI
- Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran
,
Tehran
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13
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You C, Sun Y, Zhang S, Tang G, Zhang N, Li C, Tian X, Ma S, Luo Y, Sun W, Wang F, Liu X, Xiao Y, Gong Y, Zhang J, Xie C. Trichosanthin enhances sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) TRAIL-resistance cells. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:217-227. [PMID: 29483839 PMCID: PMC5821042 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has a specific antitumour activity against many malignant tumours. However, more than half of lung cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-relevant drugs. Trichosanthin (TCS) is a traditional Chinese medicine with strong inhibitive effects on various malignancies. Nevertheless, its function on TRAIL resistance has not been revealed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To examine the molecular mechanisms of TCS-induced TRAIL sensitivity, we administrated TCS to TRAIL-resistance NSCLC cells, and found that the combination treatment of TCS and TRAIL inhibited cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest. This combined therapeutic method regulated the expression levels of extrinsic apoptosis-associated proteins Caspase 3/8 and PARP; intrinsic apoptosis-associated proteins BCL-2 and BAX; invasion-associated proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, ICAM-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9; and cell cycle-associated proteins P27, CCNE1 and CDK2. Up-expression and redistribution of death receptors (DRs) on the cell surface were also observed in combined treatment. In conclusion, our results indicated that TCS rendered NSCLC cells sensitivity to TRAIL via upregulating and redistributing DR4 and DR5, inducing apoptosis, and regulating invasion and cell cycle related proteins. Our results provided a potential therapeutic method to enhance TRAIL-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng You
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, China Three Gorges University Medical College, Yichang, China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiliang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijing Ma
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Zhu F, Zhou YK, Ji ZL, Chen XR. The Plant Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Play Important Roles in Defense against Pathogens and Insect Pest Attacks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:146. [PMID: 29479367 PMCID: PMC5811460 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic N-glycosidases that depurinate eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNAs, thereby arresting protein synthesis during translation. RIPs are widely found in various plant species and within different tissues. It is demonstrated in vitro and in transgenic plants that RIPs have been connected to defense by antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and insecticidal activities. However, the mechanism of these effects is still not completely clear. There are a number of reviews of RIPs. However, there are no reviews on the biological functions of RIPs in defense against pathogens and insect pests. Therefore, in this report, we focused on the effect of RIPs from plants in defense against pathogens and insect pest attacks. First, we summarize the three different types of RIPs based on their physical properties. RIPs are generally distributed in plants. Then, we discuss the distribution of RIPs that are found in various plant species and in fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. Various RIPs have shown unique bioactive properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and insecticidal activity. Finally, we divided the discussion into the biological roles of RIPs in defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. This review is focused on the role of plant RIPs in defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insect attacks. The role of plant RIPs in defense against pathogens and insects is being comprehended currently. Future study utilizing transgenic technology approaches to study the mechanisms of RIPs will undoubtedly generate a better comprehending of the role of plant RIPs in defense against pathogens and insects. Discovering additional crosstalk mechanisms between RIPs and phytohormones or reactive oxygen species (ROS) against pathogen and insect infections will be a significant subject in the field of biotic stress study. These studies are helpful in revealing significance of genetic control that can be beneficial to engineer crops tolerance to biotic stress.
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15
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Xiang F, Li S, Yang G. Antifungal activity of Momordica charantia seed extracts toward the pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani L. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:881-887. [PMID: 28911628 PMCID: PMC9337286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, has been used as an antimutagenic, antihelminthic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent in traditional folk medicine. In this study, the antifungal activity of M. charantia seed extract toward Fusarium solani L. was evaluated. Results showed that M. charantia seed extract effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani, with a 50% inhibitory rate (IC50) value of 108.934 μg/mL. Further analysis with optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the seed extract led to deformation of cells with irregular budding, loss of integrity of cell wall, as well as disruption of the fungal cell membrane. In addition, genomic DNA was also severely affected, as small DNA fragments shorter than 50 bp appeared on agarose gel. These findings implied that M. charantia seed extract containing α-momorcharin, a typical ribosome-inactivating protein, could be an effective agent in the control of fungal pathogens, and such natural products would represent a sustainable alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province,
China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province,
China
| | - Fu Xiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province,
China
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province,
China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
USA
| | - Guliang Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province,
China
- Corresponding author. College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, China E-mail address: (S. Wang)
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16
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Ajji PK, Walder K, Puri M. Functional Analysis of a Type-I Ribosome Inactivating Protein Balsamin from Momordica balsamina with Anti-Microbial and DNase Activity. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:265-71. [PMID: 27319013 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) have received considerable attention in biomedical research because of their unique activities towards tumor and virus-infected cells. We extracted balsamin, a type-I RIP, from Momordica balsamina. In the present study, a detailed investigation on DNase activity, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity was conducted using purified balsamin. DNase-like activity of balsamin towards plasmid DNA was pH, incubation time and temperature dependent. Moreover, the presence of Mg(2+) (10-50 mM) influenced the DNA cleavage activity. Balsamin also demonstrated reducing power and a capacity to scavenge free radicals in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the protein exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, which suggests potential utility of balsamin as a nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Kaur Ajji
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Yang GL, Li SM, Wang SZ. Research progress in enzyme activity and pharmacological effects of ribosome-inactivity protein in bitter melon. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1185734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Schrot J, Weng A, Melzig MF. Ribosome-inactivating and related proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1556-615. [PMID: 26008228 PMCID: PMC4448163 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7051556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxins that act as N-glycosidases (EC 3.2.2.22). They are mainly produced by plants and classified as type 1 RIPs and type 2 RIPs. There are also RIPs and RIP related proteins that cannot be grouped into the classical type 1 and type 2 RIPs because of their different sizes, structures or functions. In addition, there is still not a uniform nomenclature or classification existing for RIPs. In this review, we give the current status of all known plant RIPs and we make a suggestion about how to unify those RIPs and RIP related proteins that cannot be classified as type 1 or type 2 RIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schrot
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander Weng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias F Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Iglesias R, Citores L, Di Maro A, Ferreras JM. Biological activities of the antiviral protein BE27 from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). PLANTA 2015; 241:421-433. [PMID: 25326773 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ribosome inactivating protein BE27 displays several biological activities in vitro that could result in a broad action against several types of pathogens. Beetin 27 (BE27), a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves, is an antiviral protein induced by virus and signaling compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid. Its role as a defense protein has been attributed to its RNA polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity. Here we tested other putative activities of BE27 that could have a defensive role against pathogens finding that BE27 displays rRNA N-glycosidase activity against yeast and Agrobacterium tumefaciens ribosomes, DNA polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity against herring sperm DNA, and magnesium-dependent endonuclease activity against the supercoiled plasmid PUC19 (nicking activity). The nicking activity could be a consequence of an unusual conformation of the BE27 active site, similar to that of PD-L1, a RIP from Phytolacca dioica L. leaves. Additionally, BE27 possesses superoxide dismutase activity, thus being able to produce the signal compound hydrogen peroxide. BE27 is also toxic to COLO 320 cells, inducing apoptosis in these cells by either activating the caspase pathways and/or inhibiting protein synthesis. The combined effect of these biological activities could result in a broad action against several types of pathogens such as virus, bacteria, fungi or insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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20
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FAN XIANG, HE LINGLI, MENG YAO, LI GANGRUI, LI LINLI, MENG YANFA. α-MMC and MAP30, two ribosome-inactivating proteins extracted from Momordica charantia, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3553-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Gilabert-Oriol R, Weng A, Mallinckrodt BV, Melzig MF, Fuchs H, Thakur M. Immunotoxins constructed with ribosome-inactivating proteins and their enhancers: a lethal cocktail with tumor specific efficacy. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:6584-643. [PMID: 25341935 PMCID: PMC4296666 DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140826153913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The term ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) is used to denominate proteins mostly of plant origin, which have N-glycosidase enzymatic activity leading to a complete destruction of the ribosomal function. The discovery of the RIPs was almost a century ago, but their usage has seen transition only in the last four decades. With the advent of antibody therapy, the RIPs have been a subject of extensive research especially in targeted tumor therapies, which is the primary focus of this review. In the present work we enumerate 250 RIPs, which have been identified so far. An attempt has been made to identify all the RIPs that have been used for the construction of immunotoxins, which are conjugates or fusion proteins of an antibody or ligand with a toxin. The data from 1960 onwards is reviewed in this paper and an extensive list of more than 450 immunotoxins is reported. The clinical reach of tumor-targeted toxins has been identified and detailed in the work as well. While there is a lot of potential that RIPs embrace for targeted tumor therapies, the success in preclinical and clinical evaluations has been limited mainly because of their inability to escape the endo/lysosomal degradation. Various strategies that can increase the efficacy and lower the required dose for targeted toxins have been compiled in this article. It is plausible that with the advancements in platform technologies or improved endosomal escape the usage of tumor targeted RIPs would see the daylight of clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mayank Thakur
- Institut fur Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (Forum 4), Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Nuchsuk C, Wetprasit N, Roytrakul S, Choowongkomon K, T-Thienprasert N, Yokthongwattana C, Arpornsuwan T, Ratanapo S. Bioactivities of Jc-SCRIP, a Type 1 Ribosome-Inactivating Protein fromJatropha curcasSeed Coat. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:453-62. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanthakan Nuchsuk
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. Chatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Nuanchawee Wetprasit
- Department of Biotechnology; Faculty of Science; Ramkhamhaeng University; Ramkamhaeng Rd. Bangkapi Bangkok 10240 Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA); 113 Clong-Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. Chatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Nattanan T-Thienprasert
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. Chatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Chotika Yokthongwattana
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. Chatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Theerakul Arpornsuwan
- Department of Medical Technology; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Rangsit, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Sunanta Ratanapo
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngamwongwan Rd. Chatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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23
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Polito L, Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Mancuso R, Baruzzi G, Faedi W, Bolognesi A. Protein synthesis inhibition activity by strawberry tissue protein extracts during plant life cycle and under biotic and abiotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15532-45. [PMID: 23892598 PMCID: PMC3759871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA and many other polynucleotidic substrates. Although RIPs show antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal activities, their biological and physiological roles are not completely understood. Additionally, it has been described that RIP expression is augmented under stressful conditions. In this study, we evaluated protein synthesis inhibition activity in partially purified basic proteins (hereafter referred to as RIP activity) from tissue extracts of Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) cultivars with low (Dora) and high (Record) tolerance to root pathogens and fructification stress. Association between the presence of RIP activity and the crop management (organic or integrated soil), growth stage (quiescence, flowering, and fructification), and exogenous stress (drought) were investigated. RIP activity was found in every tissue tested (roots, rhizomes, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) and under each tested condition. However, significant differences in RIP distribution were observed depending on the soil and growth stage, and an increase in RIP activity was found in the leaves of drought-stressed plants. These results suggest that RIP expression and activity could represent a response mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses and could be a useful tool in selecting stress-resistant strawberry genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rossella Mancuso
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianluca Baruzzi
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA-FRF), Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.B.); (W.F.)
| | - Walther Faedi
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA-FRF), Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.B.); (W.F.)
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-4729; Fax: +39-05-1209-4746
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24
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Loss-Morais G, Turchetto-Zolet AC, Etges M, Cagliari A, Körbes AP, Maraschin FDS, Margis-Pinheiro M, Margis R. Analysis of castor bean ribosome-inactivating proteins and their gene expression during seed development. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:74-86. [PMID: 23569411 PMCID: PMC3615529 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes that inhibit protein synthesis after depurination of a specific adenine in rRNA. The RIP family members are classified as type I RIPs that contain an RNA-N-glycosidase domain and type II RIPs that contain a lectin domain (B chain) in addition to the glycosidase domain (A chain). In this work, we identified 30 new plant RIPs and characterized 18 Ricinus communis RIPs. Phylogenetic and functional divergence analyses indicated that the emergence of type I and II RIPs probably occurred before the monocot/eudicot split. We also report the expression profiles of 18 castor bean genes, including those for ricin and agglutinin, in five seed stages as assessed by quantitative PCR. Ricin and agglutinin were the most expressed RIPs in developing seeds although eight other RIPs were also expressed. All of the RIP genes were most highly expressed in the stages in which the endosperm was fully expanded. Although the reason for the large expansion of RIP genes in castor beans remains to be established, the differential expression patterns of the type I and type II members reinforce the existence of biological functions other than defense against predators and herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Loss-Morais
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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25
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Zhu F, Zhang P, Meng YF, Xu F, Zhang DW, Cheng J, Lin HH, Xi DH. Alpha-momorcharin, a RIP produced by bitter melon, enhances defense response in tobacco plants against diverse plant viruses and shows antifungal activity in vitro. PLANTA 2013; 237:77-88. [PMID: 22983699 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) is type-1 ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) with molecular weight of 29 kDa and has lots of biological activity. Our recent study indicated that the α-MMC purified from seeds of Momordica charantia exhibited distinct antiviral and antifungal activity. Tobacco plants pre-treated with 0.5 mg/mL α-MMC 3 days before inoculation with various viruses showed less-severe symptom and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared to that inoculated with viruses only. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the replication levels of viruses were lower in the plants treated with the α-MMC than control plants at 15 days post inoculation. Moreover, the coat protein expression of viruses was almost completely inhibited in plants which were treated with the α-MMC compared with control plants. Furthermore, the SA-responsive defense-related genes including non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1), PR1, PR2 were up-regulated and activities of some antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) were increased after the α-MMC treatment. In addition, the α-MMC (500 μg/mL) revealed remarkable antifungal effect against phytopathogenic fungi, in the growth inhibition range 50.35-67.21 %, along with their MIC values ranging from 100 to 500 μg/mL. The α-MMC had also a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the tested plant pathogens along with concentration as well as time-dependent kinetic inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The α-MMC showed a remarkable antiviral and antifungal effect and hence could possibly be exploited in crop protection for controlling certain important plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Puri M, Kaur I, Perugini MA, Gupta RC. Ribosome-inactivating proteins: current status and biomedical applications. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:774-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Crystal structures of a type-1 ribosome inactivating protein from Momordica balsamina in the bound and unbound states. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:679-91. [PMID: 22361570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) of type 1 are plant toxins that eliminate adenine base selectively from the single stranded loop of rRNA. We report six crystal structures, type 1 RIP from Momordica balsamina (A), three in complexed states with ribose (B), guanine (C) and adenine (D) and two structures of MbRIP-1 when crystallized with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (E) and 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-dATP) (F). These were determined at 1.67Å, 1.60Å, 2.20Å, 1.70Å, 2.07Å and 1.90Å resolutions respectively. The structures contained, (A) unbound protein molecule, (B) one protein molecule and one ribose sugar, (C) one protein molecule and one guanine base, (D) one protein molecule and one adenine base, (E) one protein molecule and one ATP-product adenine molecule and (F) one protein molecule and one 2'-dATP-product adenine molecule. Three distinct conformations of the side chain of Tyr70 were observed with (i) χ(1)=-66°and χ(2)=165° in structures (A) and (B); (ii) χ(1)=-95° and χ(2)=70° in structures (C), (D) and (E); and (iii) χ(1)=-163° and χ(2)=87° in structure (F). The conformation of Tyr70 in (F) corresponds to the structure of a conformational intermediate. This is the first structure which demonstrates that the slow conversion of DNA substrates by RIPs can be trapped during crystallization.
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Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a recombinant ribosome-inactivating protein (alpha-momorcharin) from Momordica charantia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:939-50. [PMID: 22262229 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MC), a member of the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family, has been used not only as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents, but also as toxicant to protozoa, insects, and fungi. In this study, we expressed the protein in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS strain and purified it by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. A total of 85 mg of homogeneous protein was obtained from 1 l culture supernatant of Rosetta (DE3) pLysS, showing a high recovery rate of 73.9%. Protein activity assay indicated that α-MC had both N-glycosidase activity and DNA-nuclease activity, the former releasing RIP diagnostic RNA fragment (Endo's fragment) from rice rRNAs and the latter converting supercoiled circular DNA of plasmid pET-32a(+) into linear conformations in a concentration-dependent manner. Specially, we found that α-MC could inhibit the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum with IC(50) values of 6.23 and 4.15 μM, respectively. Results of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that α-MC caused extensive septum formation, loss of integrity of the cell wall, separation of the cytoplasm from the cell wall, deformation of cells with irregular budding sites, and apoptosis in F. solani. Moreover, α-MC was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an IC(50) value of 0.59 μM. The α-MC protein carries a high potential for the design of new antifungal drugs or the development of transgenic crops resistant to pathogens.
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Choudhary NL, Yadav OP, Lodha ML. Ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and antiviral activity of Escherichia coli-expressed Bougainvillea xbuttiana antiviral protein 1. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 73:273-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790803005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Virgilio M, Lombardi A, Caliandro R, Fabbrini MS. Ribosome-inactivating proteins: from plant defense to tumor attack. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2699-737. [PMID: 22069572 PMCID: PMC3153179 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are EC3.2.32.22 N-glycosidases that recognize a universally conserved stem-loop structure in 23S/25S/28S rRNA, depurinating a single adenine (A4324 in rat) and irreversibly blocking protein translation, leading finally to cell death of intoxicated mammalian cells. Ricin, the plant RIP prototype that comprises a catalytic A subunit linked to a galactose-binding lectin B subunit to allow cell surface binding and toxin entry in most mammalian cells, shows a potency in the picomolar range. The most promising way to exploit plant RIPs as weapons against cancer cells is either by designing molecules in which the toxic domains are linked to selective tumor targeting domains or directly delivered as suicide genes for cancer gene therapy. Here, we will provide a comprehensive picture of plant RIPs and discuss successful designs and features of chimeric molecules having therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Lombardi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy;
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Serena Fabbrini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy;
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Toxin-based therapeutic approaches. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2519-83. [PMID: 22069564 PMCID: PMC3153180 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein toxins confer a defense against predation/grazing or a superior pathogenic competence upon the producing organism. Such toxins have been perfected through evolution in poisonous animals/plants and pathogenic bacteria. Over the past five decades, a lot of effort has been invested in studying their mechanism of action, the way they contribute to pathogenicity and in the development of antidotes that neutralize their action. In parallel, many research groups turned to explore the pharmaceutical potential of such toxins when they are used to efficiently impair essential cellular processes and/or damage the integrity of their target cells. The following review summarizes major advances in the field of toxin based therapeutics and offers a comprehensive description of the mode of action of each applied toxin.
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Reyes AG, Geukens N, Gutschoven P, De Graeve S, De Mot R, Mejía A, Anné J. The Streptomyces coelicolor genome encodes a type I ribosome-inactivating protein. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:3021-3030. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.039073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are cytotoxic N-glycosidases identified in numerous plants, but also constitute a subunit of the bacterial Shiga toxin. Classification of plant RIPs is based on the absence (type I) or presence (type II) of an additional lectin module. In Shiga toxin, sugar binding is mediated by a distinct RIP-associated homopentamer. In the genome of two actinomycetes, we identified RIP-like proteins that resemble plant type I RIPs rather than the RIP subunit (StxA) of Shiga toxin. Some representatives of β- and γ-proteobacteria also contain genes encoding RIP-like proteins, but these are homologous to StxA. Here, we describe the isolation and initial characterization of the RIP-like gene product SCO7092 (RIPsc) from the Gram-positive soil bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. The ripsc gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein of about 30 kDa, and displayed the characteristic N-glycosidase activity causing specific rRNA depurination. In Streptomyces lividans and E. coli, RIPsc overproduction resulted in a dramatic decrease in the growth rate. In addition, intracellular production was deleterious for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, when applied externally to microbial cells, purified RIPsc did not display antibacterial or antifungal activity, suggesting that it cannot enter these cells. In a cell-free system, however, purified S. coelicolor RIPsc protein displayed strong inhibitory activity towards protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Reyes
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Gutschoven
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Graeve
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Department of Molecular Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - René De Mot
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Armando Mejía
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jozef Anné
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Li S, Spooner RA, Allen SCH, Guise CP, Ladds G, Schnöder T, Schmitt MJ, Lord JM, Roberts LM. Folding-competent and folding-defective forms of ricin A chain have different fates after retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2543-54. [PMID: 20519439 PMCID: PMC2912342 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-08-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that components of the yeast ERAD-L pathway can discriminate between two subtly different forms of the same toxin substrate. Although precytosolic requirements are similar for both toxin structures, there is a divergence in fate on the cytosolic face of the ER membrane. We report that a toxic polypeptide retaining the potential to refold upon dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol (ricin A chain; RTA) and a misfolded version that cannot (termed RTAΔ), follow ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that substantially diverge in the cytosol. Both polypeptides are dislocated in a step mediated by the transmembrane Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex and subsequently degraded. Canonical polyubiquitylation is not a prerequisite for this interaction because a catalytically inactive Hrd1p E3 ubiquitin ligase retains the ability to retrotranslocate RTA, and variants lacking one or both endogenous lysyl residues also require the Hrd1p complex. In the case of native RTA, we established that dislocation also depends on other components of the classical ERAD-L pathway as well as an ongoing ER–Golgi transport. However, the dislocation pathways deviate strikingly upon entry into the cytosol. Here, the CDC48 complex is required only for RTAΔ, although the involvement of individual ATPases (Rpt proteins) in the 19S regulatory particle (RP) of the proteasome, and the 20S catalytic chamber itself, is very different for the two RTA variants. We conclude that cytosolic ERAD components, particularly the proteasome RP, can discriminate between structural features of the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Balconi C, Lanzanova C, Motto M. Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Cereals. TOXIC PLANT PROTEINS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12176-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Owens RA, Hammond RW. Viroid pathogenicity: one process, many faces. Viruses 2009; 1:298-316. [PMID: 21994551 PMCID: PMC3185495 DOI: 10.3390/v1020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the non-coding nature of their small RNA genomes, the visible symptoms of viroid infection resemble those associated with many plant virus diseases. Recent evidence indicates that viroid-derived small RNAs acting through host RNA silencing pathways play a key role in viroid pathogenicity. Host responses to viroid infection are complex, involving signaling cascades containing host-encoded protein kinases and crosstalk between hormonal and defense-signaling pathways. Studies of viroid-host interaction in the context of entire biochemical or developmental pathways are just beginning, and many working hypotheses have yet to be critically tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Owens
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; E-mail:
| | - Rosemarie W. Hammond
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; E-mail:
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Qin X, Zheng X, Shao C, Gao J, Jiang L, Zhu X, Yan F, Tang L, Xu Y, Chen F. Stress-induced curcin-L promoter in leaves of Jatropha curcas L. and characterization in transgenic tobacco. PLANTA 2009; 230:387-95. [PMID: 19475419 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) represent a type of protein that universally inactivates the ribosome thus inhibiting protein biosynthesis. Curcin-L was a type I RIP found in Jatropha curcas L.. Its expression could be activated in leaves by treatments with abscisic acid, salicylic acid, polyethylene glycol, temperature 4, 45 degrees C and ultraviolet light. A 654 bp fragment of a 5' flanking region preceding the curcin-L gene, designated CP2, was cloned from the J. curcas genome and its expression pattern was studied via the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in transgenic tobacco. Analysis of GUS activities showed that the CP2 was leaf specific, and was able to drive the expression of the reporter gene under stress-induction conditions. Analysis of a series of 5'-deletions of the CP2 suggested that several promoter motifs were necessary to respond to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Ghosh M. Purification of a lectin-like antifungal protein from the medicinal herb, Withania somnifera. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choudhary N, Kapoor HC, Lodha ML. Cloning and expression of antiviral/ribosome-inactivating protein from Bougainvillea xbuttiana. J Biosci 2008; 33:91-101. [PMID: 18376074 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-008-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding ribosome-inactivating/antiviral protein (RIP/AVP)from the leaves of Bougainvillea x buttiana was isolated. The cDNA consisted of 1364 nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF)of 960 nucleotides encoding a 35.49 kDa protein of 319 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence has a putative active domain conserved in RIPs/AVPs and shows a varying phylogenetic relationship to the RIPs from other plant species. The deduced protein has been designated BBAP1 (Bougainvillea x buttiana antiviral protein1). The ORF was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in E.coli as a fusion protein of approximately 78 kDa. The cleaved and purified recombinant BBAP1 exhibited ribosome-inhibiting rRNA N-glycosidase activity,and imparted a high level of resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandlal Choudhary
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Jiang SY, Ramamoorthy R, Bhalla R, Luan HF, Venkatesh PN, Cai M, Ramachandran S. Genome-wide survey of the RIP domain family in Oryza sativa and their expression profiles under various abiotic and biotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 67:603-614. [PMID: 18493723 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosidases that inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA. Despite their identification more than 25 years ago, little is known about their biological functions. Here, we report a genome-wide identification of the RIP family in rice based on the complete genome sequence analysis. Our data show that rice genome encodes at least 31 members of this family and they all belong to type 1 RIP genes. This family might have evolved in parallel to species evolution and genome-wide duplications represent the major mechanism for this family expansion. Subsequently, we analyzed their expression under biotic (bacteria and fungus infection), abiotic (cold, drought and salinity) and the phytohormone ABA treatment. These data showed that some members of this family were expressed in various tissues with differentiated expression abundances whereas several members showed no expression under normal growth conditions or various environmental stresses. On the other hand, the expression of many RIP members was regulated by various abiotic and biotic stresses. All these data suggested that specific members of the RIP family in rice might play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress-related biological processes and function as a regulator of various environmental cues and hormone signaling. They may be potentially useful in improving plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses by over-expressing or suppressing these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ye Jiang
- Rice Functional Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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De-la-Peña C, Badri DV, Vivanco JM. Novel role for pectin methylesterase in Arabidopsis: A new function showing ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:773-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Owens RA. Potato spindle tuber viroid: the simplicity paradox resolved? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2007; 8:549-560. [PMID: 20507521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is the type species of the genus Posipiviroid, family Pospiviroidae. An absence of hammerhead ribozymes and the presence of a 'central conserved region' distinguish PSTVd and related viroids from members of a second viroid family, the Avsunviroidae. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Viroids are small, unencapsidated, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules which replicate autonomously when inoculated into host plants. Because viroids are non-protein-coding RNAs, designation of the more abundant, highly infectious polarity strand as the positive strand is arbitrary. PSTVd assumes a rod-like, highly structured conformation that is resistant to nuclease degradation in vitro. Naturally occurring sequence variants of PSTVd range in size from 356 to 361 nt. HOSTS AND SYMPTOMS: The natural host range of PSTVd-cultivated potato, certain other Solanum spp., and avocado-appears to be quite limited. Foliar symptoms in potato are often obscure, and the severity of tuber symptoms (elongation with the appearance of prominent bud scales/eyebrows and growth cracks) depends on both temperature and length of infection. PSTVd has a broad experimental host range, especially among solanaceous species, and strains are classified as mild, intermediate or severe based upon the symptoms observed in sensitive tomato cultivars. These symptoms include shortening of internodes, petioles and mid-ribs, severe epinasty and wrinkling of the leaves, and necrosis of mid-ribs, petioles and stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Owens
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service-Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Yang X, Xiao Y, Wang X, Pei Y. Expression of a novel small antimicrobial protein from the seeds of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) confers disease resistance in tobacco. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:939-46. [PMID: 17158620 PMCID: PMC1800757 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02016-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are valuable resources of natural antimicrobial materials. A novel small protein with antimicrobial activities, designated LJAMP1, was purified from the seeds of a medicinal herb, motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt). LJAMP1 is a heat-stable protein with a molecular mass of 7.8 kDa and a determined isoelectric point of 8.2. In vitro assays showed that LJAMP1 inhibits the growth of an array of fungi and bacteria. The hyphal growth inhibition by LJAMP1 was more evident against hyphomycete fungi, such as Alternaria alternata, Cercospora personata, and Aspergillus niger. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of LJAMP1 was determined, and its coding gene was consequently cloned by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The gene LJAMP1 has no intron and encodes a polypeptide of 95 amino acids, in which the first 27 residues was deduced as a signal peptide. The mature LJAMP1 shows relatively low identity to plant napin-like storage proteins. Northern blot assays revealed that LJAMP1 is expressed preferentially in seeds. Bioassays in transgenic tobacco demonstrated that that overexpression of LJAMP1 significantly enhanced the resistance of tobacco against not only the fungal pathogen A. alternata but also the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, while no visible alteration in plant growth and development was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest Agricultural University, 400716 Chongqing, China.
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GHOSH MODHUMITA. Antifungal properties of haem peroxidase from Acorus calamus. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2006; 98:1145-53. [PMID: 17056613 PMCID: PMC2803583 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have evolved a number of inducible defence mechanisms against pathogen attack, including synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins. The aim of the study was to purify and characterize antifungal protein from leaves of Acorus calamus. METHODS Leaf proteins from A. calamus were fractionated by cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration and the fraction inhibiting the hyphal extension of phytopathogens was characterized. The temperature stability and pH optima of the protein were determined and its presence was localized in the leaf tissues. KEY RESULTS The purified protein was identified as a class III haem peroxidase with a molecular weight of approx. 32 kDa and pI of 7.93. The temperature stability of the enzyme was observed from 5 degrees C to 60 degrees C with a temperature optimum of 36 degrees C. Maximum enzyme activity was registered at pH 5.5. The pH and temperature optima were corroborated with the antifungal activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was localized in the leaf epidermal cells and lumen tissues of xylem, characteristic of class III peroxidases. The toxic nature of the enzyme which inhibited hyphal growth was demonstrated against phytopathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium moniliforme and Trichosporium vesiculosum. Microscopic observations revealed distortion in the hyphal structure with stunted growth, increased volume and extensive hyphal branching. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that peroxidases may have a role to play in host defence by inhibiting the hyphal extension of invading pathogens.
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Yang X, Li J, Li X, She R, Pei Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt) seeds. Peptides 2006; 27:3122-8. [PMID: 16979797 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In screening for potent antimicrobial proteins from plant seeds, a novel heat-stable antimicrobial protein, designated LJAMP2, was purified from seeds of the motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt), a medicine herb, with a procedure involving cation exchange chromatography on a CM FF column, and reverse phase HPLCs on C8 column and C18 column. LJAMP2 exhibited a molecular mass of 6.2 kDa determined. Automated Edman degradation determined the partial N-terminal sequence of LJAMP2 to be NH2-AIGCNTVASKMAPCLPYVTGKGPLGGCCGGVKGLIDAARTTPDRQAVCNCLKTLAKSYSG, which displays homology with plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs). In vitro bioassays showed that LJAMP2 inhibits the growth of a variety of microbes, including filamentous fungi, bacteria and yeast. The growth of three phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis maydis, and Rhizoctonia cerealis, are inhibited at 7.5 microM of LJAMP2, whereas Bacillus subtilis is about 15 microM. The IC(50) of LJAMP2 for Aspergillus niger, B. maydis, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are 5.5, 6.1, 9.3, 40.0, and 76.0 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China and Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
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Begam M, Kumar S, Roy S, Campanella JJ, Kapoor HC. Molecular cloning and functional identification of a ribosome inactivating/antiviral protein from leaves of post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata and its expression in E. coli. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2441-9. [PMID: 16996549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA clone, encoding a ribosome inactivating/antiviral protein (RIP/AVP) was isolated from the cDNA library of post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata leaves. The full-length cDNA consisted of 1015 nucleotides, with an open reading frame encoding 283 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence had a putative active site domain conserved in other ribosome inactivating/antiviral proteins (RIPs/AVPs). The coding region of the cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant protein of 72 kDa. The expressed fusion product was confirmed by Western analysis and purification by affinity chromatography. Both the recombinant protein (reCCP-27) and purified expressed protein (eCCP-27) inhibited translation in rabbit reticulocytes showing IC50 values at 95 ng and 45 ng, respectively. The native purified nCCP-27 has IC50 at 25 ng. The purified product also showed N-glycosidase activity towards tobacco ribosomes and antiviral activity towards tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and sunnhemp rosette virus (SRV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehbuba Begam
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Roy S, Sadhana P, Begum M, Kumar S, Lodha ML, Kapoor HC. Purification, characterization and cloning of antiviral/ribosome inactivating protein from Amaranthus tricolor leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1865-73. [PMID: 16859721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An antiviral protein (AVP), imparting high level of resistance against sunnhemp rosette virus (SRV) was purified from the dried leaves of Amaranthus tricolor. The purified protein (AAP-27) exhibited approximately 98% inhibition of local lesion formation at a concentration range of approximately 30 microg ml(-1). The protein was found to be highly basic glycoprotein monomer (pI approximately 9.8) of Mr 27 kDa, with neutral sugar content of 4%. The purified protein exhibited N-glycosidase and RNase activities. We have also isolated full-length cDNA clone, encoding this protein designated as A. tricolor antiviral protein-1 (AAP-1). Two primers, one designed on the basis of N-terminal sequence of the purified protein and the other from the conserved active peptides of other AVPs/RIPs were used for PCR amplification of double stranded cDNA, isolated from the leaves of A. tricolor. The amplified fragment was used as a probe for library screening. The isolated full-length cDNA consisted of 1058 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 297 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of AAP-1 has a putative active domain conserved in other AVPs/RIPs and shows varying homology to the RIPs from other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribash Roy
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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De Lucca AJ, Cleveland TE, Wedge DE. Plant-derived antifungal proteins and peptides. Can J Microbiol 2005; 51:1001-14. [PMID: 16462858 DOI: 10.1139/w05-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce potent constitutive and induced antifungal compounds to complement the structural barriers to microbial infection. Approximately 250 000 – 500 000 plant species exist, but only a few of these have been investigated for antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, a wide spectrum of compound classes have been purified and found to have antifungal properties. The commercial potential of effective plant-produced antifungal compounds remains largely unexplored. This review article presents examples of these compounds and discusses their properties.Key words: antifungal, peptides, phytopathogenic, plants, proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J De Lucca
- Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
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Wrzesiński J, Szczepanik W, Ciesiołka J, Jezowska-Bojczuk M. tRNAPhe cleavage by aminoglycosides is triggered off by formation of an abasic site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 331:267-71. [PMID: 15845388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports the characteristics of the mechanism of highly specific tRNA(Phe) cleavage, which occurs in the anticodon loop in the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotic-neomycin B. The data prove that the cleavage requires previous depurination of the polynucleotide chain at position 37, which is occupied by a hypermodified guanine base-wybutine. The results suggest that the phenomenon, previously considered as selective with respect to the presence of tRNA hypermodification, may concern far more RNA molecules, namely the ones carrying abasic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wrzesiński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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