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Jiménez A, López-Martínez R, Martí MC, Cano-Yelo D, Sevilla F. The integration of TRX/GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in plant stress and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108298. [PMID: 38176187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant acclimation to changing environmental conditions involves the interaction of different signalling molecules, including reactive oxygen species and hormones. Redox regulation exerted by thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX), two oxidoreductases, is emerging as a specific point of control mediating signal transduction pathways associated with plant growth and stress response. Phytohormones are messengers that coordinate plant cell activities to regulate growth, defence, and productivity, although their cross-talk with components of the redox system is less known. The present review focuses on our current knowledge of the interplay that occurs between TRX and GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in connection with the control of plant development and stress responses. Here, we consider the regulation that phytohormones exert on TRX and GRX systems, as well as the involvement of these redox proteins in the control of phytohormone-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel López-Martínez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Desiré Cano-Yelo
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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2
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Sevilla F, Martí MC, De Brasi-Velasco S, Jiménez A. Redox regulation, thioredoxins, and glutaredoxins in retrograde signalling and gene transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5955-5969. [PMID: 37453076 PMCID: PMC10575703 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signal transduction pathways via redox sensors and the thiol-dependent signalling network is of increasing interest in cell biology for their implications in plant growth and productivity. Redox regulation is an important point of control in protein structure, interactions, cellular location, and function, with thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs) being key players in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. The crosstalk between second messengers, ROS, thiol redox signalling, and redox homeostasis-related genes controls almost every aspect of plant development and stress response. We review the emerging roles of TRXs and GRXs in redox-regulated processes interacting with other cell signalling systems such as organellar retrograde communication and gene expression, especially in plants during their development and under stressful environments. This approach will cast light on the specific role of these proteins as redox signalling components, and their importance in different developmental processes during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sabrina De Brasi-Velasco
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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3
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De Brasi-Velasco S, Sánchez-Guerrero A, Castillo MC, Vertommen D, León J, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Thioredoxin TRXo1 is involved in ABA perception via PYR1 redox regulation. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102750. [PMID: 37269685 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development processes such as seed germination, stomatal response or adaptation to stress, amongst others. Increases in the endogenous ABA content is recognized by specific receptors of the PYR/PYL/RCAR family that are coupled to a phosphorylation cascade targeting transcription factors and ion channels. Just like other receptors of the family, nuclear receptor PYR1 binds ABA and inhibits the activity of type 2C phosphatases (PP2Cs), thus avoiding the phosphatase-exerted inhibition on SnRK2 kinases, positive regulators which phosphorylate targets and trigger ABA signalling. Thioredoxins (TRXs) are key components of cellular redox homeostasis that regulate specific target proteins through a thiol-disulfide exchange, playing an essential role in redox homeostasis, cell survival, and growth. In higher plants, TRXs have been found in almost all cellular compartments, although its presence and role in nucleus has been less studied. In this work, affinity chromatography, Dot-blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays allowed us to identify PYR1 as a new TRXo1 target in the nucleus. Studies on recombinant HisAtPYR1 oxidation-reduction with wild type and site-specific mutagenized forms showed that the receptor underwent redox regulation involving changes in the oligomeric state in which Cys30 and Cys65 residues were implied. TRXo1 was able to reduce previously-oxidized inactive PYR1, thus recovering its capacity to inhibit HAB1 phosphatase. In vivo PYR1 oligomerization was dependent on the redox state, and a differential pattern was detected in KO and over-expressing Attrxo1 mutant plants grown in the presence of ABA compared to WT plants. Thus, our findings suggest the existence of a redox regulation of TRXo1 on PYR1 that may be relevant for ABA signalling and had not been described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mari-Cruz Castillo
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP CSIC-UPV), E-46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute and MASSPROT Platform UCLouvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - José León
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP CSIC-UPV), E-46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin-IIF (PRXIIF) Activity and Function during Seed Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071226. [PMID: 35883717 PMCID: PMC9311518 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in energy metabolism, particularly in cell respiration, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction, and are also involved in other processes, such as cell signaling, cell cycle control, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Programmed cell death is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a concomitant decrease in antioxidant capacity, which, in turn, determines the aging of living organisms and organs and thus also seeds. During the aging process, cell redox homeostasis is disrupted, and these changes decrease the viability of stored seeds. Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin-IIF (PRXIIF), a thiol peroxidase, has a significant role in protecting the cell and sensing oxidative stress that occurs during the disturbance of redox homeostasis. Thioredoxins (TRXs), which function as redox transmitters and switch protein function in mitochondria, can regulate respiratory metabolism. TRXs serve as electron donors to PRXIIF, as shown in Arabidopsis. In contrast, sulfiredoxin (SRX) can regenerate mitochondrial PRXIIF once hyperoxidized to sulfinic acid. To protect against oxidative stress, another type of thiol peroxidases, glutathione peroxidase-like protein (GPXL), is important and receives electrons from the TRX system. They remove peroxides produced in the mitochondrial matrix. However, the TRX/PRX and TRX/GPXL systems are not well understood in mitochondria. Knowledge of both systems is important because these systems play an important role in stress sensing, response and acclimation, including redox imbalance and generation of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The TRX/PRX and TRX/GPXL systems are important for maintaining cellular ROS homeostasis and maintaining redox homeostasis under stress conditions. This minireview focuses on the functions of PRXIIF discovered in plant cells approximately 20 years ago and addresses the question of how PRXIIF affects seed viability maintenance and aging. Increasing evidence suggests that the mitochondrial PRXIIF plays a major role in metabolic processes in seeds, which was not previously known.
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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041995. [PMID: 35216108 PMCID: PMC8879091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (OH−)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.
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Autophagy Is Involved in the Viability of Overexpressing Thioredoxin o1 Tobacco BY-2 Cells under Oxidative Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121884. [PMID: 34942987 PMCID: PMC8698322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process for the degradation of non-useful components, although the mechanism involved in its regulation is less known in plants than in animal systems. Redox regulation of autophagy components is emerging as a possible key mechanism with thioredoxins (TRXs) proposed as involved candidates. In this work, using overexpressing PsTRXo1 tobacco cells (OEX), which present higher viability than non-overexpressing cells after H2O2 treatment, we examine the functional interaction of autophagy and PsTRXo1 in a collaborative response. OEX cells present higher gene expression of the ATG (Autophagy related) marker ATG4 and higher protein content of ATG4, ATG8, and lipidated ATG8 as well as higher ATG4 activity than control cells, supporting the involvement of autophagy in their response to H2O2. In this oxidative situation, autophagy occurs in OEX cells as is evident from an accumulation of autolysosomes and ATG8 immunolocalization when the E-64d autophagy inhibitor is used. Interestingly, cell viability decreases in the presence of the inhibitor, pointing to autophagy as being involved in cell survival. The in vitro interaction of ATG4 and PsTRXo1 proteins is confirmed by dot-blot and co-immunoprecipitation assays as well as the redox regulation of ATG4 activity by PsTRXo1. These findings extend the role of TRXs in mediating the redox regulation of the autophagy process in plant cells.
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Van Aken O. Mitochondrial redox systems as central hubs in plant metabolism and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:36-52. [PMID: 33624829 PMCID: PMC8154082 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria are indispensable for plant metabolism and are tightly integrated into cellular homeostasis. This review provides an update on the latest research concerning the organization and operation of plant mitochondrial redox systems, and how they affect cellular metabolism and signaling, plant development, and stress responses. New insights into the organization and operation of mitochondrial energy systems such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) are discussed. The mtETC produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can act as signals or lead to cellular damage, and are thus efficiently removed by mitochondrial antioxidant systems, including Mn-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases. Plant mitochondria are tightly connected with photosynthesis, photorespiration, and cytosolic metabolism, thereby providing redox-balancing. Mitochondrial proteins are targets of extensive post-translational modifications, but their functional significance and how they are added or removed remains unclear. To operate in sync with the whole cell, mitochondria can communicate their functional status via mitochondrial retrograde signaling to change nuclear gene expression, and several recent breakthroughs here are discussed. At a whole organism level, plant mitochondria thus play crucial roles from the first minutes after seed imbibition, supporting meristem activity, growth, and fertility, until senescence of darkened and aged tissue. Finally, plant mitochondria are tightly integrated with cellular and organismal responses to environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and submergence, but also threats posed by pathogens. Both the major recent advances and outstanding questions are reviewed, which may help future research efforts on plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Author for communication:
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Thioredoxin h2 and o1 Show Different Subcellular Localizations and Redox-Active Functions, and Are Extrachloroplastic Factors Influencing Photosynthetic Performance in Fluctuating Light. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050705. [PMID: 33946819 PMCID: PMC8147087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains eight different h-type thioredoxins (Trx) being distributed in different cell organelles. Although Trx h2 is deemed to be confined to mitochondria, its subcellular localization and function are discussed controversially. Here, cell fractionation studies were used to clarify this question, showing Trx h2 protein to be exclusively localized in microsomes rather than mitochondria. Furthermore, Arabidopsis trxo1, trxh2 and trxo1h2 mutants were analyzed to compare the role of Trx h2 with mitochondrial Trx o1. Under medium light, trxo1 and trxo1h2 showed impaired growth, while trxh2 was similar to wild type. In line with this, trxo1 and trxo1h2 clustered differently from wild type with respect to nocturnal metabolite profiles, revealing a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione redox states. Under fluctuating light, these genotypic differences were attenuated. Instead, the trxo1h2 double mutant showed an improved NADPH redox balance, compared to wild type, accompanied by increased photosynthetic efficiency, specifically in the high-light phases. Conclusively, Trx h2 and Trx o1 are differentially localized in microsomes and mitochondria, respectively, which is associated with different redox-active functions and effects on plant growth in constant light, while there is a joint role of both Trxs in regulating NADPH redox balance and photosynthetic performance in fluctuating light.
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Gandin A, Dizengremel P, Jolivet Y. Integrative role of plant mitochondria facing oxidative stress: The case of ozone. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:202-210. [PMID: 33385703 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a secondary air pollutant, which causes oxidative stress in plants by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) starting by an external attack of leaf apoplast. ROS have a dual role, acting as signaling molecules, regulating different physiological processes and response to stress, but also inducing oxidative damage. The production of ROS in plant cells is compartmented and regulated by scavengers and specific enzyme pathways. Chronic doses of ozone are known to trigger an important increase of the respiratory process while decreasing photosynthesis. Mitochondria, which normally operate with usual levels of intracellular ROS, would have to play a prominent role to cope with an enhanced ozone-derived ROS production. It is thus needed to compile the available literature on the effects of ozone on mitochondria to precise their strategy facing oxidative stress. An overview of the mitochondrial fate in three steps is proposed, i) starting with the initial responses of the mitochondria for alleviating the overproduction of ROS by the enhancement of existing antioxidant metabolism and adjustments of the electron transport chain, ii) followed by the setting up of detoxifying processes through exchanges between mitochondria and the cell, and iii) ending by an accelerated senescence initiated by mitochondrial membrane permeability and leading to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gandin
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Dizengremel
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
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Decreased Levels of Thioredoxin o1 Influences Stomatal Development and Aperture but Not Photosynthesis under Non-Stress and Saline Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031063. [PMID: 33494429 PMCID: PMC7865980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity has a negative impact on plant growth, with photosynthesis being downregulated partially due to osmotic effect and enhanced cellular oxidation. Redox signaling contributes to the plant response playing thioredoxins (TRXs) a central role. In this work we explore the potential contribution of Arabidopsis TRXo1 to the photosynthetic response under salinity analyzing Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and two Attrxo1 mutant lines in their growth under short photoperiod and higher light intensity than previous reported works. Stomatal development and apertures and the antioxidant, hormonal and metabolic acclimation are also analyzed. In control conditions mutant plants displayed less and larger developed stomata and higher pore size which could underlie their higher stomatal conductance, without being affected in other photosynthetic parameters. Under salinity, all genotypes displayed a general decrease in photosynthesis and the oxidative status in the Attrxo1 mutant lines was altered, with higher levels of H2O2 and NO but also higher ascorbate/glutathione (ASC/GSH) redox states than WT plants. Finally, sugar changes and increases in abscisic acid (ABA) and NO may be involved in the observed higher stomatal response of the TRXo1-altered plants. Therefore, the lack of AtTRXo1 affected stomata development and opening and the mutants modulate their antioxidant, metabolic and hormonal responses to optimize their adaptation to salinity.
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11
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Hewitt S, Dhingra A. Beyond Ethylene: New Insights Regarding the Role of Alternative Oxidase in the Respiratory Climacteric. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:543958. [PMID: 33193478 PMCID: PMC7652990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.543958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climacteric fruits are characterized by a dramatic increase in autocatalytic ethylene production that is accompanied by a spike in respiration at the onset of ripening. The change in the mode of ethylene production from autoinhibitory to autostimulatory is known as the System 1 (S1) to System 2 (S2) transition. Existing physiological models explain the basic and overarching genetic, hormonal, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing the S1 to S2 transition of climacteric fruit. However, the links between ethylene and respiration, the two main factors that characterize the respiratory climacteric, have not been examined in detail at the molecular level. Results of recent studies indicate that the alternative oxidase (AOX) respiratory pathway may play an essential role in mediating cross-talk between ethylene response, carbon metabolism, ATP production, and ROS signaling during climacteric ripening. New genomic, metabolic, and epigenetic information sheds light on the interconnectedness of ripening metabolic pathways, necessitating an expansion of the current, ethylene-centric physiological models. Understanding points at which ripening responses can be manipulated may reveal key, species- and cultivar-specific targets for regulation of ripening, enabling superior strategies for reducing postharvest wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seanna Hewitt
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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12
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Krupinska K, Blanco NE, Oetke S, Zottini M. Genome communication in plants mediated by organelle-n-ucleus-located proteins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190397. [PMID: 32362260 PMCID: PMC7209962 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of eukaryotic proteins have been shown to have a dual localization in the DNA-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, and/or the nucleus. Regulation of dual targeting and relocation of proteins from organelles to the nucleus offer the most direct means for communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Most of the mitochondrial proteins of animals have functions in DNA repair and gene expression by modelling of nucleoid architecture and/or chromatin. In plants, such proteins can affect replication and early development. Most plastid proteins with a confirmed or predicted second location in the nucleus are associated with the prokaryotic core RNA polymerase and are required for chloroplast development and light responses. Few plastid–nucleus-located proteins are involved in pathogen defence and cell cycle control. For three proteins, it has been clearly shown that they are first targeted to the organelle and then relocated to the nucleus, i.e. the nucleoid-associated proteins HEMERA and Whirly1 and the stroma-located defence protein NRIP1. Relocation to the nucleus can be experimentally demonstrated by plastid transformation leading to the synthesis of proteins with a tag that enables their detection in the nucleus or by fusions with fluoroproteins in different experimental set-ups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolás E Blanco
- Centre of Photosynthetic and Biochemical Studies, Faculty of Biochemical Science and Pharmacy, National University of Rosario (CEFOBI/UNR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Svenja Oetke
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michela Zottini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Wang J, Pan W, Cai W, Wang M, Liu L, Zhang M. Structural insight into the biological functions of Arabidopsis thaliana ACHT1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:43-51. [PMID: 32376247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana atypical Cys His-rich thioredoxins (ACHTs) are a small class of atypical thioredoxins (TRXs) located in chloroplasts thylakoids and are characterized by a noncanonical motif at their redox active site, C (G/S)(S/G)C. Previous studies have reported that ACHT1 can interact with A. thaliana 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs, including PrxA and PrxB) to transmit oxidation signals in response to illumination with normal light intensity. In this study, we reported the crystal structure of ACHT1 and show that ACHT1 adopts a canonical TRX fold. Comparison of the structures of ACHT1 in both reducing and oxidizing environments revealed that while the redox environment did not influence the overall structure of ACHT1, it did change the conformation of its catalytic residues. We found that the catalytic C125 of ACHT1 is the target residue for PrxA in vitro. In addition, we found that ACHT1 can reduce the peroxidase activity of PrxA, and further confirmed that the ability of ACHT1 to restore the peroxidase function of PrxA was due to the interaction between the two. Our results provide a structural basis for studying the function of atypical TRXs and the oxidative regulation mechanism of ACHT1 and 2-Cys Prxs in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Weimin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Wenguang Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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14
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Poór P. Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Metabolism of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E341. [PMID: 32098073 PMCID: PMC7072379 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Different abiotic and biotic stresses lead to the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell organelles such as in mitochondria, resulting in oxidative stress, inducing defense responses or programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. In response to oxidative stress, cells activate various cytoprotective responses, enhancing the antioxidant system, increasing the activity of alternative oxidase and degrading the oxidized proteins. Oxidative stress responses are orchestrated by several phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The biomolecule SA is a key regulator in mitochondria-mediated defense signaling and PCD, but the mode of its action is not known in full detail. In this review, the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of SA in mitochondrial ROS metabolism is summarized to gain a better understanding of SA-regulated processes at the subcellular level in plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Martí MC, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Thioredoxin Network in Plant Mitochondria: Cysteine S-Posttranslational Modifications and Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571288. [PMID: 33072147 PMCID: PMC7539121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms presenting different adaptation mechanisms that allow their survival under adverse situations. Among them, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and H2S are emerging as components not only of cell development and differentiation but of signaling pathways involved in the response to both biotic and abiotic attacks. The study of the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins produced by those signaling molecules is revealing a modulation on specific targets that are involved in many metabolic pathways in the different cell compartments. These modifications are able to translate the imbalance of the redox state caused by exposure to the stress situation in a cascade of responses that finally allow the plant to cope with the adverse condition. In this review we give a generalized vision of the production of ROS, RNS, and H2S in plant mitochondria. We focus on how the principal mitochondrial processes mainly the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and photorespiration are affected by PTMs on cysteine residues that are produced by the previously mentioned signaling molecules in the respiratory organelle. These PTMs include S-oxidation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation under normal and stress conditions. We pay special attention to the mitochondrial Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin system in terms of its oxidation-reduction posttranslational targets and its response to environmental stress.
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16
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Redox-mediated kick-start of mitochondrial energy metabolism drives resource-efficient seed germination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:741-751. [PMID: 31871212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910501117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds preserve a far developed plant embryo in a quiescent state. Seed metabolism relies on stored resources and is reactivated to drive germination when the external conditions are favorable. Since the switchover from quiescence to reactivation provides a remarkable case of a cell physiological transition we investigated the earliest events in energy and redox metabolism of Arabidopsis seeds at imbibition. By developing fluorescent protein biosensing in intact seeds, we observed ATP accumulation and oxygen uptake within minutes, indicating rapid activation of mitochondrial respiration, which coincided with a sharp transition from an oxidizing to a more reducing thiol redox environment in the mitochondrial matrix. To identify individual operational protein thiol switches, we captured the fast release of metabolic quiescence in organello and devised quantitative iodoacetyl tandem mass tag (iodoTMT)-based thiol redox proteomics. The redox state across all Cys peptides was shifted toward reduction from 27.1% down to 13.0% oxidized thiol. A large number of Cys peptides (412) were redox switched, representing central pathways of mitochondrial energy metabolism, including the respiratory chain and each enzymatic step of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Active site Cys peptides of glutathione reductase 2, NADPH-thioredoxin reductase a/b, and thioredoxin-o1 showed the strongest responses. Germination of seeds lacking those redox proteins was associated with markedly enhanced respiration and deregulated TCA cycle dynamics suggesting decreased resource efficiency of energy metabolism. Germination in aged seeds was strongly impaired. We identify a global operation of thiol redox switches that is required for optimal usage of energy stores by the mitochondria to drive efficient germination.
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17
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Assessment of Subcellular ROS and NO Metabolism in Higher Plants: Multifunctional Signaling Molecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120641. [PMID: 31842380 PMCID: PMC6943533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes nitro-oxidative damage, which has a detrimental impact on the function of essential macromolecules. ROS/NO production is also involved in signaling processes as secondary messengers in plant cells under physiological conditions. ROS/NO generation takes place in different subcellular compartments including chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and a diverse range of plant membranes. This compartmentalization has been identified as an additional cellular strategy for regulating these molecules. This assessment of subcellular ROS/NO metabolisms includes the following processes: ROS/NO generation in different plant cell sites; ROS interactions with other signaling molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatase, calcium (Ca2+), and activator proteins; redox-sensitive genes regulated by the iron-responsive element/iron regulatory protein (IRE-IRP) system and iron regulatory transporter 1(IRT1); and ROS/NO crosstalk during signal transduction. All these processes highlight the complex relationship between ROS and NO metabolism which needs to be evaluated from a broad perspective.
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18
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Camejo D, Guzmán-Cedeño A, Vera-Macias L, Jiménez A. Oxidative post-translational modifications controlling plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:110-117. [PMID: 31563091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition is linked to the perception of microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering a specific and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the pathogen attack site. The apoplastic oxidative "burst" generated at the pathogen attack site depends on the ROS-generator systems including enzymes such as plasma membrane NADP (H) oxidases, cell wall peroxidases and lipoxygenase. ROS are cytotoxic molecules that inhibit invading pathogens or signalling molecules that control the local and systemic induction of defence genes. Post-translational modifications induced by ROS are considered as a potential signalling mechanism that can modify protein structure and/or function, localisation and cellular stability. Thus, this review focuses on how ROS are essential molecules regulating the function of proteins involved in the plant response to a pathogen attack through post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain; Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Guzmán-Cedeño
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador; University, School of Agriculture and Livestock, ULEAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - L Vera-Macias
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
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19
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Florez-Sarasa I, Obata T, Del-Saz NSFN, Reichheld JP, Meyer EH, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Ribas-Carbo M, Fernie AR. The Lack of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin TRXo1 Affects In Vivo Alternative Oxidase Activity and Carbon Metabolism under Different Light Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2369-2381. [PMID: 31318380 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) constitutes a nonphosphorylating pathway of electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that provides flexibility to energy and carbon primary metabolism. Its activity is regulated in vitro by the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system which reduces conserved cysteines residues of AOX. However, in vivo evidence for redox regulation of the AOX activity is still scarce. In the present study, the redox state, protein levels and in vivo activity of the AOX in parallel to photosynthetic parameters were determined in Arabidopsis knockout mutants lacking mitochondrial trxo1 under moderate (ML) and high light (HL) conditions, known to induce in vivo AOX activity. In addition, 13C- and 14C-labeling experiments together with metabolite profiling were performed to better understand the metabolic coordination between energy and carbon metabolism in the trxo1 mutants. Our results show that the in vivo AOX activity is higher in the trxo1 mutants at ML while the AOX redox state is apparently unaltered. These results suggest that mitochondrial thiol redox systems are responsible for maintaining AOX in its reduced form rather than regulating its activity in vivo. Moreover, the negative regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by the TRX system is coordinated with the increased input of electrons into the AOX pathway. Under HL conditions, while AOX and photosynthesis displayed similar patterns in the mutants, photorespiration is restricted at the level of glycine decarboxylation most likely as a consequence of redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Nebraska Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nï Stor Fernï Ndez Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Departamento de Bot�nica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanogr�ficas, Universidad de Concepci�n, Concepci�n, Chile
| | | | - Etienne H Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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20
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Da Fonseca-Pereira P, Daloso DM, Gago J, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. On the role of the plant mitochondrial thioredoxin system during abiotic stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1592536. [PMID: 30885041 PMCID: PMC6546141 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1592536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide redox exchanges are widely distributed modifications of great importance for metabolic regulation in living cells. In general, the formation of disulfide bonds is controlled by thioredoxins (TRXs), ubiquitous proteins with two redox-active cysteine residues separated by a pair of amino acids. While the function of plastidial TRXs has been extensively studied, the role of the mitochondrial TRX system is much less well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the mitochondrial TRXs are required for the proper functioning of the major metabolic pathways, including stomatal function and antioxidant metabolism under sub-optimal conditions including drought and salinity. Furthermore, inactivation of mitochondrial TRX system leads to metabolite adjustments of both primary and secondary metabolism following drought episodes in arabidopsis, and makes the plants more resistant to salt stress. Here we discuss the implications of these findings, which clearly open up several research avenues to achieve a full understanding of the redox control of metabolism under environmental constraining conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Da Fonseca-Pereira
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo M. Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, University of the Balearic Islands, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Institute of Agro-Environmental and Water Economy Research – INAGEA Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Mata-Pérez C, Spoel SH. Thioredoxin-mediated redox signalling in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:27-33. [PMID: 30709489 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation of plant immune responses is associated with rapid production of vast amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) that dramatically alter cellular redox homeostasis. Even though excessive ROS/RNS accumulation can cause widespread cellular damage and thus constitute a major risk, plant cells have evolved to utilise these molecules as important signalling cues. Particularly their ability to modify redox-sensitive cysteine residues has emerged as a key mechanism to control the activity, conformation, protein-protein interaction and localisation of a growing number of immune signalling proteins. Regulated reversal of cysteine oxidation is dependent on activities of the conserved superfamily of Thioredoxin (TRX) enzymes that function as cysteine reductases. The plant immune system recruits specific TRX enzymes that have the potential to functionally regulate numerous immune signalling proteins. Although our knowledge of different TRX immune targets is now expanding, little remains known about how these enzymes select their substrates, what range of oxidized residues they target, and if they function selectively in different redox-mediated immune signalling pathways. In this review we discuss these questions by examining evidence showing TRX enzymes exhibit novel activities that play important roles in diverse aspects of plant immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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22
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Umekawa Y, Ito K. Thioredoxin o-mediated reduction of mitochondrial alternative oxidase in the thermogenic skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius. J Biochem 2019; 165:57-65. [PMID: 30289493 PMCID: PMC6299270 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis in plants involves significant increases in their cyanide-resistant mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) capacity. Because AOX is a non-proton-motive ubiquinol oxidase, the dramatic drop in free energy between ubiquinol and oxygen is dissipated as heat. In the thermogenic skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius), SrAOX is specifically expressed in the florets. Although SrAOX harbours conserved cysteine residues, the details of the mechanisms underlying its redox regulation are poorly understood. In our present study, the two mitochondrial thioredoxin o cDNAs SrTrxo1 and SrTrxo2, were isolated from the thermogenic florets of S. renifolius. The deduced amino acid sequences of the protein products revealed that SrTrxo2 specifically lacks the region corresponding to the α3-helix in SrTrxo1. Expression analysis of thermogenic and non-thermogenic S. renifolius tissues indicated that the SrTrxo1 and SrAOX transcripts are predominantly expressed together in thermogenic florets, whereas SrTrxo2 transcripts are almost undetectable in any tissue. Finally, functional in vitro analysis of recombinant SrTrxo1 and mitochondrial membrane fractions of thermogenic florets indicated its reducing activity on SrAOX proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that SrTrxo1 is likely to play a role in the redox regulation of SrAOX in S. renifolius thermogenic florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Umekawa
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kikukatsu Ito
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.,Agri-Innovation Research Center, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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23
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Calderón A, Sánchez-Guerrero A, Ortiz-Espín A, Martínez-Alcalá I, Camejo D, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Lack of mitochondrial thioredoxin o1 is compensated by antioxidant components under salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:251-267. [PMID: 29446456 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In a changing environment, plants are able to acclimate to new conditions by regulating their metabolism through the antioxidant and redox systems involved in the stress response. Here, we studied a mitochondrial thioredoxin in wild-type (WT) Arabidopis thaliana and two Attrxo1 mutant lines grown in the absence or presence of 100 mM NaCl. Compared to WT plants, no evident phenotype was observed in the mutant plants under control condition, although they had higher number of stomata, loss of water, nitric oxide and carbonyl protein contents as well as higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes than WT plants. Under salinity, the mutants presented lower water loss and higher stomatal closure, H2 O2 and lipid peroxidation levels accompanied by higher enzymatic activity of catalase and the different SOD isoenzymes compared to WT plants. These inductions may collaborate in the maintenance of plant integrity and growth observed under saline conditions, possibly as a way to compensate the lack of TRXo1. We discuss the potential of TRXo1 to influence the development of the whole plant under saline conditions, which have great value for the agronomy of plants growing under unfavorable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aingeru Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Guerrero
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Alcalá
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Daymi Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, E-30100, Spain
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24
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Zannini F, Roret T, Przybyla-Toscano J, Dhalleine T, Rouhier N, Couturier J. Mitochondrial Arabidopsis thaliana TRXo Isoforms Bind an Iron⁻Sulfur Cluster and Reduce NFU Proteins In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E142. [PMID: 30322144 PMCID: PMC6210436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system generally comprises only one or two isoforms belonging to the TRX h or o classes, being less well developed compared to the numerous isoforms found in chloroplasts. Unlike most other plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana possesses two TRXo isoforms whose physiological functions remain unclear. Here, we performed a structure⁻function analysis to unravel the respective properties of the duplicated TRXo1 and TRXo2 isoforms. Surprisingly, when expressed in Escherichia coli, both recombinant proteins existed in an apo-monomeric form and in a homodimeric iron⁻sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-bridged form. In TRXo2, the [4Fe-4S] cluster is likely ligated in by the usual catalytic cysteines present in the conserved Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys signature. Solving the three-dimensional structure of both TRXo apo-forms pointed to marked differences in the surface charge distribution, notably in some area usually participating to protein⁻protein interactions with partners. However, we could not detect a difference in their capacity to reduce nitrogen-fixation-subunit-U (NFU)-like proteins, NFU4 or NFU5, two proteins participating in the maturation of certain mitochondrial Fe-S proteins and previously isolated as putative TRXo1 partners. Altogether, these results suggest that a novel regulation mechanism may prevail for mitochondrial TRXs o, possibly existing as a redox-inactive Fe-S cluster-bound form that could be rapidly converted in a redox-active form upon cluster degradation in specific physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Roret
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
- CNRS, LBI2M, Sorbonne Universités, F-29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Jonathan Przybyla-Toscano
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, S-90187 Umea, Sweden.
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25
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Yang Y, Cai W, Wang J, Pan W, Liu L, Wang M, Zhang M. Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana peroxiredoxin A C119S mutant. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:625-631. [PMID: 30279313 PMCID: PMC6168775 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a large family of antioxidant enzymes, are abundant in all living organisms. Peroxiredoxin A (PrxA) from Arabidopsis thaliana belongs to the typical 2-Cys Prx family and is localized in the chloroplast. This article reports the crystal structure of a PrxA C119S mutant refined to 2.6 Å resolution. The protein exists as a decamer both in the crystal structure and in solution. The structure is in the reduced state suitable for the approach of peroxide, though conformational changes are needed for the resolving process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Matamoros MA, Kim A, Peñuelas M, Ihling C, Griesser E, Hoffmann R, Fedorova M, Frolov A, Becana M. Protein Carbonylation and Glycation in Legume Nodules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1510-1528. [PMID: 29970413 PMCID: PMC6084676 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an agronomically and environmentally important process catalyzed by bacterial nitrogenase within legume root nodules. These unique symbiotic organs have high metabolic rates and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species that may modify proteins irreversibly. Here, we examined two types of oxidative posttranslational modifications of nodule proteins: carbonylation, which occurs by direct oxidation of certain amino acids or by interaction with reactive aldehydes arising from cell membrane lipid peroxides; and glycation, which results from the reaction of lysine and arginine residues with reducing sugars or their autooxidation products. We used a strategy based on the enrichment of carbonylated peptides by affinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify 369 oxidized proteins in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules. Of these, 238 corresponded to plant proteins and 131 to bacterial proteins. Lipid peroxidation products induced most carbonylation sites. This study also revealed that carbonylation has major effects on two key nodule proteins. Metal-catalyzed oxidation caused the inactivation of malate dehydrogenase and the aggregation of leghemoglobin. In addition, numerous glycated proteins were identified in vivo, including three key nodule proteins: sucrose synthase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Label-free quantification identified 10 plant proteins and 18 bacterial proteins as age-specifically glycated. Overall, our results suggest that the selective carbonylation or glycation of crucial proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and signaling may constitute a mechanism to control cell metabolism and nodule senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - María Peñuelas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Griesser
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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Matamoros MA, Kim A, Peñuelas M, Ihling C, Griesser E, Hoffmann R, Fedorova M, Frolov A, Becana M. Protein Carbonylation and Glycation in Legume Nodules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1510-1528. [PMID: 29970413 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18/00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an agronomically and environmentally important process catalyzed by bacterial nitrogenase within legume root nodules. These unique symbiotic organs have high metabolic rates and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species that may modify proteins irreversibly. Here, we examined two types of oxidative posttranslational modifications of nodule proteins: carbonylation, which occurs by direct oxidation of certain amino acids or by interaction with reactive aldehydes arising from cell membrane lipid peroxides; and glycation, which results from the reaction of lysine and arginine residues with reducing sugars or their autooxidation products. We used a strategy based on the enrichment of carbonylated peptides by affinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify 369 oxidized proteins in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) nodules. Of these, 238 corresponded to plant proteins and 131 to bacterial proteins. Lipid peroxidation products induced most carbonylation sites. This study also revealed that carbonylation has major effects on two key nodule proteins. Metal-catalyzed oxidation caused the inactivation of malate dehydrogenase and the aggregation of leghemoglobin. In addition, numerous glycated proteins were identified in vivo, including three key nodule proteins: sucrose synthase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Label-free quantification identified 10 plant proteins and 18 bacterial proteins as age-specifically glycated. Overall, our results suggest that the selective carbonylation or glycation of crucial proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and signaling may constitute a mechanism to control cell metabolism and nodule senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - María Peñuelas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Griesser
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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Igamberdiev AU, Bykova NV. Role of organic acids in the integration of cellular redox metabolism and mediation of redox signalling in photosynthetic tissues of higher plants. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:74-85. [PMID: 29355740 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids play a crucial role in numerous metabolic processes accompanied by transfer of electrons and protons and linked to the reduction/oxidation of major redox couples in plant cells, such as NAD, NADP, glutathione, and ascorbate. Fluxes through the pathways metabolizing organic acids modulate redox states in cell compartments, contribute to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and mediate signal transduction processes. Organic acid metabolism not only functions to equilibrate the redox potential in plant cells but also to transfer redox equivalents between cell compartments supporting various metabolic processes. The most important role in this transfer belongs to different forms of malate dehydrogenase interconverting malate and oxaloacetate or forming pyruvate (malic enzymes). During photosynthesis malate serves as a major form of transfer of redox equivalents from chloroplasts to the cytosol and other compartments via the malate valve. On the other hand, mitochondria, via alterations of their redox potential, become a source of citrate that can be transported to the cytosol and support biosynthesis of amino acids. Citrate is also an important retrograde signalling compound that regulates transcription of several genes including those encoding the alternative oxidase. The alternative oxidase, which is activated by increased redox potential and by pyruvate, is, in turn, important for the maintenance of redox potential in mitochondria. The roles of organic acids in establishing redox equilibrium, supporting ionic gradients on membranes, acidification of the extracellular medium, and regulation of production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
| | - Natalia V Bykova
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada R6M 1Y5
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Locato V, Cimini S, De Gara L. ROS and redox balance as multifaceted players of cross-tolerance: epigenetic and retrograde control of gene expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3373-3391. [PMID: 29722828 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde pathways occurring between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus involve oxidative and antioxidative signals that, working in a synergistic or antagonistic mode, control the expression of specific patterns of genes following stress perception. Increasing evidence also underlines the relevance of mitochondrion-chloroplast-nucleus crosstalk in modulating the whole cellular redox metabolism by a controlled and integrated flux of information. Plants can maintain the acquired tolerance by a stress memory, also operating at the transgenerational level, via epigenetic and miRNA-based mechanisms controlling gene expression. Data discussed in this review strengthen the idea that ROS, redox signals, and shifts in cellular redox balance permeate the signalling network leading to cross-tolerance. The identification of specific ROS/antioxidative signatures leading a plant to different fates under stress is pivotal for identifying strategies to monitor and increase plant fitness in a changing environment. This review provides an update of the plant redox signalling network implicated in stress responses, in particular in cross-tolerance acquisition. The interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS), ROS-derived signals, and antioxidative pathways is also discussed in terms of plant acclimation to stress in the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Locato
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
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Del-Saz NF, Ribas-Carbo M, McDonald AE, Lambers H, Fernie AR, Florez-Sarasa I. An In Vivo Perspective of the Role(s) of the Alternative Oxidase Pathway. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:206-219. [PMID: 29269217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research on the in vitro characterization of regulatory factors modulating the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway, the regulation of its activity in vivo is still not fully understood. Advances concerning in vivo regulation of AOX based on the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique are reviewed, and regulatory factors that merit future research are highlighted. In addition, we review and discuss the main biological functions assigned to the plant AOX, and suggest future experiments involving in vivo activity measurements to test different hypothesized physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Allison E McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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de Santana Costa MG, Mazzafera P, Balbuena TS. Insights into temperature modulation of the Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus grandis antioxidant and lignification subproteomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 137:15-23. [PMID: 28190676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus are among the most widely cultivated trees, differing in lignin composition and plantation areas, as E. grandis is mostly cultivated in tropical regions while E. globulus is preferred in temperate areas. As temperature is a key modulator in plant metabolism, a large-scale proteome analysis was carried out to investigate changes in the antioxidant system and the lignification metabolism in plantlets grown at different temperatures. Our strategy allowed the identification of 3111 stem proteins. A total of 103 antioxidant proteins were detected in the stems of both species. Hierarchical clustering revealed that alterations in the antioxidant proteins are more prominent when Eucalyptus seedlings were exposed to high temperature and that the superoxide isoforms coded by the gene Eucgr.B03930 are the most abundant antioxidant enzymes induced by thermal stimulus. Regarding the lignin biosynthesis, our proteomics approach resulted in the identification of 13 of the 17 core proteins involved in this metabolism, corroborating with gene predictions and the proposed lignin toolbox. Quantitative analyses revealed significant differences in 8 protein isoforms, including the ferulate 5-hydroxylase isoform F5H1, a key enzyme in catalyzing the synthesis of sinapyl alcohol, and the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase isoform CAD2, the last enzyme in monolignol biosynthesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005743.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Technology, São Paulo State University, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Calderón A, Ortiz-Espín A, Iglesias-Fernández R, Carbonero P, Pallardó FV, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Thioredoxin (Trxo1) interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and its overexpression affects the growth of tobacco cell culture. Redox Biol 2017; 11:688-700. [PMID: 28183062 PMCID: PMC5299145 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), key components of cellular redox regulation, act by controlling the redox status of many target proteins, and have been shown to play an essential role in cell survival and growth. The presence of a Trx system in the nucleus has received little attention in plants, and the nuclear targets of plant Trxs have not been conclusively identified. Thus, very little is known about the function of Trxs in this cellular compartment. Previously, we studied the intracellular localization of PsTrxo1 and confirmed its presence in mitochondria and, interestingly, in the nucleus under standard growth conditions. In investigating the nuclear function of PsTrxo1 we identified proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a PsTrxo1 target by means of affinity chromatography techniques using purified nuclei from pea leaves. Such protein-protein interaction was corroborated by dot-blot and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, which showed that both proteins interact in the nucleus. Moreover, PsTrxo1 showed disulfide reductase activity on previously oxidized recombinant PCNA protein. In parallel, we studied the effects of PsTrxo1 overexpression on Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (TBY-2) cell cultures. Microscopy and flow-cytometry analysis showed that PsTrxo1 overexpression increases the rate of cell proliferation in the transformed lines, with a higher percentage of the S phase of the cell cycle at the beginning of the cell culture (days 1 and 3) and at the G2/M phase after longer times of culture (day 9), coinciding with an upregulation of PCNA protein. Furthermore, in PsTrxo1 overexpressed cells there is a decrease in the total cellular glutathione content but maintained nuclear GSH accumulation, especially at the end of the culture, which is accompanied by a higher mitotic index, unlike non-overexpressing cells. These results suggest that Trxo1 is involved in the cell cycle progression of TBY-2 cultures, possibly through its link with cellular PCNA and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aingeru Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Vicente Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Redox regulation of mitochondrial proteins and proteomes by cysteine thiol switches. Mitochondrion 2017; 33:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ortiz-Espín A, Iglesias-Fernández R, Calderón A, Carbonero P, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Mitochondrial AtTrxo1 is transcriptionally regulated by AtbZIP9 and AtAZF2 and affects seed germination under saline conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1025-1038. [PMID: 28184497 PMCID: PMC5441863 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial thioredoxin-o (AtTrxo1) was characterized and its expression examined in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana. AtTrxo1 transcript levels were particularly high in dry seeds and cotyledons where they reached a maximum 36 h after imbibition with water, coinciding with 50% germination. Expression was lower in seeds germinating in 100 mM NaCl. To gain insight into the transcriptional regulation of the AtTrxo1 gene, a phylogenomic analysis was coupled with the screening of an arrayed library of Arabidopsis transcription factors in yeast. The basic leucine zipper AtbZIP9 and the zinc finger protein AZF2 were identified as putative transcriptional regulators. Transcript regulation of AtbZIP9 and AtAFZ2 during germination was compatible with the proposed role in transcriptional regulation of AtTrxo1. Transient over-expression of AtbZIP9 and AtAZF2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves demonstrated an activation effect of AtbZIP9 and a repressor effect of AtAZF2 on AtTrxo1 promoter-driven reporter expression. Although moderate concentrations of salt delayed germination in Arabidopsis wild-type seeds, those of two different AtTrxo1 knock-out mutants germinated faster and accumulated higher H2O2 levels than the wild-type. All these data indicate that AtTrxo1 has a role in redox homeostasis during seed germination under salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortiz-Espín
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain
| | - Aingeru Calderón
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP; UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100-Murcia, Spain
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Calderón A, Lázaro-Payo A, Iglesias-Baena I, Camejo D, Lázaro JJ, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Glutathionylation of Pea Chloroplast 2-Cys Prx and Mitochondrial Prx IIF Affects Their Structure and Peroxidase Activity and Sulfiredoxin Deglutathionylates Only the 2-Cys Prx. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:118. [PMID: 28197170 PMCID: PMC5283164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Together with thioredoxins (Trxs), plant peroxiredoxins (Prxs), and sulfiredoxins (Srxs) are involved in antioxidant defense and redox signaling, while their regulation by post-translational modifications (PTMs) is increasingly regarded as a key component for the transduction of the bioactivity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Among these PTMs, S-glutathionylation is considered a protective mechanism against overoxidation, it also modulates protein activity and allows signaling. This study explores the glutathionylation of recombinant chloroplastic 2-Cys Prx and mitochondrial Prx IIF from Pisum sativum. Glutathionylation of the decameric form of 2-Cys Prx produced a change in the elution volume after FPLC chromatography and converted it to its dimeric glutathionylated form, while Prx IIF in its reduced dimeric form was glutathionylated without changing its oligomeric state. Mass spectrometry demonstrated that oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can glutathionylate resolving cysteine (Cys174), but not the peroxidatic equivalent (Cys52), in 2-Cys Prx. In contrast, GSSG was able to glutathionylate both peroxidatic (Cys59) and resolving (Cys84) cysteine in Prx IIF. Glutathionylation was seen to be dependent on the GSH/GSSG ratio, although the exact effect on the 2-Cys Prx and Prx IIF proteins differed. However, the glutathionylation provoked a similar decrease in the peroxidase activity of both peroxiredoxins. Despite growing evidence of the importance of post-translational modifications, little is known about the enzymatic systems that specifically regulate the reversal of this modification. In the present work, sulfiredoxin from P. sativum was seen to be able to deglutathionylate pea 2-Cys Prx but not pea Prx IIF. Redox changes during plant development and the response to stress influence glutathionylation/deglutathionylation processes, which may represent an important event through the modulation of peroxiredoxin and sulfiredoxin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aingeru Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Lázaro-Payo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Zaidin Experimental Station – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Iván Iglesias-Baena
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Zaidin Experimental Station – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Daymi Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Zaidin Experimental Station – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
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Adenine nucleotide-dependent and redox-independent control of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:810-8. [PMID: 26946085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is important for sustaining cellular growth and maintenance; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying individual processes in plant mitochondria remain largely uncharacterized. Previous redox-proteomics studies have suggested that mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and redox shuttling, is under thiol-based redox regulation as a target candidate of thioredoxin (Trx). In addition, the adenine nucleotide status may be another factor controlling mitochondrial metabolism, as respiratory ATP production in mitochondria is believed to be influenced by several environmental stimuli. Using biochemical and reverse-genetic approaches, we addressed the redox- and adenine nucleotide-dependent regulation of mMDH in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recombinant mMDH protein formed intramolecular disulfide bonds under oxidative conditions, but these bonds did not have a considerable effect on mMDH activity. Mitochondria-localized o-type Trx (Trx-o) did not facilitate re-reduction of oxidized mMDH. Determination of the in vivo redox state revealed that mMDH was stably present in the reduced form even in Trx-o-deficient plants. Accordingly, we concluded that mMDH is not in the class of redox-regulated enzymes. By contrast, mMDH activity was lowered by adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP). Each adenine nucleotide suppressed mMDH activity with different potencies and ATP exerted the largest inhibitory effect with a significantly lower K(I). Correspondingly, mMDH activity was inhibited by the increase in ATP/ADP ratio within the physiological range. These results suggest that mMDH activity is finely controlled in response to variations in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide balance.
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López-Vidal O, Camejo D, Rivera-Cabrera F, Konigsberg M, Villa-Hernández J, Mendoza-Espinoza J, Pérez-Flores L, Sevilla F, Jiménez A, Díaz de León-Sánchez F. Mitochondrial ascorbate–glutathione cycle and proteomic analysis of carbonylated proteins during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Food Chem 2016; 194:1064-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hägglund P, Finnie C, Yano H, Shahpiri A, Buchanan BB, Henriksen A, Svensson B. Seed thioredoxin h. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:974-82. [PMID: 26876537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins are nearly ubiquitous disulfide reductases involved in a wide range of biochemical pathways in various biological systems, and also implicated in numerous biotechnological applications. Plants uniquely synthesize an array of thioredoxins targeted to different cell compartments, for example chloroplastic f- and m-type thioredoxins involved in regulation of the Calvin-Benson cycle. The cytosolic h-type thioredoxins act as key regulators of seed germination and are recycled by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase. The present review on thioredoxin h systems in plant seeds focuses on occurrence, reaction mechanisms, specificity, target protein identification, three-dimensional structure and various applications. The aim is to provide a general background as well as an update covering the most recent findings. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Hägglund
- Protein and Immune Systems Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Matematiktorvet, Building 301, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christine Finnie
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 4, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Bob B Buchanan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Koshland Hall 111, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Anette Henriksen
- Department of Large Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Global Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Elektrovej, Building 375, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Delorme-Hinoux V, Bangash SAK, Meyer AJ, Reichheld JP. Nuclear thiol redox systems in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 243:84-95. [PMID: 26795153 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is essential for many cellular functions in plants. It has major roles in defense mechanisms, maintains the redox status of the cell and plays structural, with regulatory roles for many proteins. Although thiol-based redox regulation has been extensively studied in subcellular organelles such as chloroplasts, it has been much less studied in the nucleus. Thiol-disulfide redox regulation is dependent on the conserved redox proteins, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX) systems. We first focus on the functions of glutathione in the nucleus and discuss recent data concerning accumulation of glutathione in the nucleus. We also provide evidence that glutathione reduction is potentially active in the nucleus. Recent data suggests that the nucleus is enriched in specific GRX and TRX isoforms. We discuss the biochemical and molecular characteristics of these isoforms and focus on genetic evidences for their potential nuclear functions. Finally, we make an overview of the different thiol-based redox regulated proteins in the nucleus. These proteins are involved in various pathways including transcriptional regulation, metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Delorme-Hinoux
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
| | - Sajid A K Bangash
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France.
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Ortiz-Espín A, Locato V, Camejo D, Schiermeyer A, De Gara L, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Over-expression of Trxo1 increases the viability of tobacco BY-2 cells under H2O2 treatment. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:571-82. [PMID: 26041732 PMCID: PMC4577997 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide, play a critical role in the regulation of plant development and in the induction of plant defence responses during stress adaptation, as well as in plant cell death. The antioxidant system is responsible for controlling ROS levels in these processes but redox homeostasis is also a key factor in plant cell metabolism under normal and stress situations. Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous small proteins found in different cell compartments, including mitochondria and nuclei (Trxo1), and are involved in the regulation of target proteins through reduction of disulphide bonds, although their role under oxidative stress has been less well studied. This study describes over-expression of a Trxo1 for the first time, using a cell-culture model subjected to an oxidative treatment provoked by H2O2. METHODS Control and over-expressing PsTrxo1 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells were treated with 35 mm H2O2 and the effects were analysed by studying the growth dynamics of the cultures together with oxidative stress parameters, as well as several components of the antioxidant systems involved in the metabolism of H2O2. Analysis of different hallmarks of programmed cell death was also carried out. KEY RESULTS Over-expression of PsTrxo1 caused significant differences in the response of TBY-2 cells to high concentrations of H2O2, namely higher and maintained viability in over-expressing cells, whilst the control line presented a severe decrease in viability and marked indications of oxidative stress, with generalized cell death after 3 d of treatment. In over-expressing cells, an increase in catalase activity, decreases in H2O2 and nitric oxide contents and maintenance of the glutathione redox state were observed. CONCLUSIONS A decreased content of endogenous H2O2 may be responsible in part for the delayed cell death found in over-expressing cells, in which changes in oxidative parameters and antioxidants were less extended after the oxidative treatment. It is concluded that PsTrxo1 transformation protects TBY-2 cells from exogenous H2O2, thus increasing their viability via a process in which not only antioxidants but also Trxo1 seem to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortiz-Espín
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Food Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, I-00128, Rome, Italy and
| | - Daymi Camejo
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Andreas Schiermeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Gara
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Food Science, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, I-00128, Rome, Italy and
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Campus Universitario de Espinardo Murcia, E-30100, Spain,
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Sevilla F, Camejo D, Ortiz-Espín A, Calderón A, Lázaro JJ, Jiménez A. The thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin/sulfiredoxin system: current overview on its redox function in plants and regulation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2945-55. [PMID: 25873657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the presence of thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), and sulfiredoxin (Srx) has been reported as a component of a redox system involved in the control of dithiol-disulfide exchanges of target proteins, which modulate redox signalling during development and stress adaptation. Plant thiols, and specifically redox state and regulation of thiol groups of cysteinyl residues in proteins and transcription factors, are emerging as key components in the plant response to almost all stress conditions. They function in both redox sensing and signal transduction pathways. Scarce information exists on the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding Trx/Prx and on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control exercised by these proteins on their putative targets. As another point of control, post-translational regulation of the proteins, such as S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation, is of increasing interest for its effect on protein structure and function. Special attention is given to the involvement of the Trx/Prx/Srx system and its redox state in plant signalling under stress, more specifically under abiotic stress conditions, as an important cue that influences plant yield and growth. This review focuses on the regulation of Trx and Prx through cysteine S-oxidation and/or S-nitrosylation, which affects their functionality. Some examples of redox regulation of transcription factors and Trx- and Prx-related genes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ, CSIC, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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42
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Camejo D, Ortiz-Espín A, Lázaro JJ, Romero-Puertas MC, Lázaro-Payo A, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Functional and structural changes in plant mitochondrial PrxII F caused by NO. J Proteomics 2015; 119:112-25. [PMID: 25682994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have emerged as important factors linking reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism to redox-dependent signaling events. Together with ROS, nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical product of the cell metabolism that is essential in the signal transduction. S-Nitrosylation is emerging as a fundamental protein modification for the transduction of NO bioactivity. Using recombinant pea mitochondrial PsPrxII F (PrxII F), the effect of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and sodium nitroprusside dehydrate (SNP), which are known to mediate protein S-nitrosylation processes, was studied. S-Nitrosylation of the PrxII F was demonstrated using the biotin switch method and LC ESI-QTOF tandem MS analysis. S-nitrosylated PrxII F decreased its peroxidase activity and acquired a new transnitrosylase activity, preventing the thermal aggregation of citrate synthase (CS). For the first time, we demonstrate the dual function for PrxII F as peroxidase and transnitrosylase. This switch was accompanied by a conformational change of the protein that could favor the protein-protein interaction CS-PrxII F. The observed in vivo S-nitrosylation of PrxII F could probably function as a protective mechanism under oxidative and nitrosative stress, such as occurs under salinity. We conclude that we are dealing with a novel regulatory mechanism for this protein by NO. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE S-Nitrosylation is a post-translational modification that is increasingly viewed as fundamental for the signal transduction role of NO in plants. This study demonstrates that S-nitrosylation of the mitochondrial peroxiredoxin PrxII F induces a conformational change in the protein and provokes a reduction in its peroxidase activity, while acquiring a novel function as transnitrosylase. The implication of this mechanism will increase our understanding of the role of posttranslational modifications in the protein function in plants under stress situations such as salinity, in which NO could act as signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daymi Camejo
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Ortiz-Espín
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan J Lázaro
- EEZ-CSIC, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- EEZ-CSIC, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Lázaro-Payo
- EEZ-CSIC, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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43
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Schmidtmann E, König AC, Orwat A, Leister D, Hartl M, Finkemeier I. Redox regulation of Arabidopsis mitochondrial citrate synthase. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:156-69. [PMID: 24198232 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Citrate synthase has a key role in the tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle of mitochondria of all organisms, as it catalyzes the first committed step which is the fusion of a carbon-carbon bond between oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA. The regulation of TCA cycle function is especially important in plants, since mitochondrial activities have to be coordinated with photosynthesis. The posttranslational regulation of TCA cycle activity in plants is thus far almost entirely unexplored. Although several TCA cycle enzymes have been identified as thioredoxin targets in vitro, the existence of any thioredoxin-dependent regulation as known for the Calvin cycle, yet remains to be demonstrated. Here we have investigated the redox regulation of the Arabidopsis citrate synthase enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis of its six cysteine residues. Our results indicate that oxidation inhibits the enzyme activity by the formation of mixed disulfides, as the partially oxidized citrate synthase enzyme forms large redox-dependent aggregates. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that thioredoxin can cleave diverse intra- as well as intermolecular disulfide bridges, which strongly enhances the activity of the enzyme. Activity measurements with the cysteine variants of the enzyme revealed important cysteine residues affecting total enzyme activity as well as the redox sensitivity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schmidtmann
- Botany, Department I of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Lázaro JJ, Jiménez A, Camejo D, Iglesias-Baena I, Martí MDC, Lázaro-Payo A, Barranco-Medina S, Sevilla F. Dissecting the integrative antioxidant and redox systems in plant mitochondria. Effect of stress and S-nitrosylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:460. [PMID: 24348485 PMCID: PMC3842906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration provides the energy needed to drive metabolic and transport processes in cells. Mitochondria are a significant site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plant cells, and redox-system components obey fine regulation mechanisms that are essential in protecting the mitochondrial integrity. In addition to ROS, there are compelling indications that nitric oxide can be generated in this organelle by both reductive and oxidative pathways. ROS and reactive nitrogen species play a key role in signaling but they can also be deleterious via oxidation of macromolecules. The high production of ROS obligates mitochondria to be provided with a set of ROS scavenging mechanisms. The first line of mitochondrial antioxidants is composed of superoxide dismutase and the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which are not only able to scavenge ROS but also to repair cell damage and possibly serve as redox sensors. The dithiol-disulfide exchanges form independent signaling nodes and act as antioxidant defense mechanisms as well as sensor proteins modulating redox signaling during development and stress adaptation. The presence of thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx) and sulfiredoxin (Srx) in the mitochondria has been recently reported. Cumulative results obtained from studies in salt stress models have demonstrated that these redox proteins play a significant role in the establishment of salt tolerance. The Trx/Prx/Srx system may be subjected to a fine regulated mechanism involving post-translational modifications, among which S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation seem to exhibit a critical role that is just beginning to be understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge in antioxidative systems in plant mitochondria, their interrelationships, mechanisms of compensation and some unresolved questions, with special focus on their response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Daymi Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Iván Iglesias-Baena
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martí
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Lázaro-Payo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Sergio Barranco-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
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Hasse D, Andersson E, Carlsson G, Masloboy A, Hagemann M, Bauwe H, Andersson I. Structure of the homodimeric glycine decarboxylase P-protein from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 suggests a mechanism for redox regulation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35333-45. [PMID: 24121504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.509976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine decarboxylase, or P-protein, is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme in one-carbon metabolism of all organisms, in the glycine and serine catabolism of vertebrates, and in the photorespiratory pathway of oxygenic phototrophs. P-protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is an α2 homodimer with high homology to eukaryotic P-proteins. The crystal structure of the apoenzyme shows the C terminus locked in a closed conformation by a disulfide bond between Cys(972) in the C terminus and Cys(353) located in the active site. The presence of the disulfide bridge isolates the active site from solvent and hinders the binding of PLP and glycine in the active site. Variants produced by substitution of Cys(972) and Cys(353) by Ser using site-directed mutagenesis have distinctly lower specific activities, supporting the crucial role of these highly conserved redox-sensitive amino acid residues for P-protein activity. Reduction of the 353-972 disulfide releases the C terminus and allows access to the active site. PLP and the substrate glycine bind in the active site of this reduced enzyme and appear to cause further conformational changes involving a flexible surface loop. The observation of the disulfide bond that acts to stabilize the closed form suggests a molecular mechanism for the redox-dependent activation of glycine decarboxylase observed earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Hasse
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Yoshida K, Noguchi K, Motohashi K, Hisabori T. Systematic Exploration of Thioredoxin Target Proteins in Plant Mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:875-92. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Camejo D, Romero-Puertas MDC, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Sandalio LM, Lázaro JJ, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Salinity-induced changes in S-nitrosylation of pea mitochondrial proteins. J Proteomics 2013; 79:87-99. [PMID: 23238061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Together with reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide is an essential part of the signal transduction induced by stress conditions. In this work we study the pattern of S-nitrosylated proteins from mitochondria of pea plants subjected to 150mM NaCl for 5 and 14days. A differential pattern of target proteins was found during plant development and salt stress, with a minor number of S-nitrosylated proteins at 14 days specifically some key enzymes related to respiration and photorespiration. At this time of stress, only ATP synthase β subunit, peroxiredoxin and Hsp90 were S-nitrosylated and no changes in protein levels were observed, although the activity of PrxII F may be reduced by S-nitrosylation. The NADH/NAD(+) ratio was also high at 14days but not the NADPH/NADP(+). An enhancement in NO measured by fluorimetry and confocal microscopy was observed in leaves, being part of the NO localized in mitochondria. An increase in mitochondrial GSNOR activity was produced in response to short and long-term NaCl treatment, where a higher number of nitrated proteins were also observed. The results indicated that posttranslational modifications seem to modulate respiratory and photorespiratory pathways, as well as some antioxidant enzymes, through differential S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation in control conditions and under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daymi Camejo
- Dpt. Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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48
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Martí MC, Florez-Sarasa I, Camejo D, Pallol B, Ortiz A, Ribas-Carbó M, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Response of mitochondrial antioxidant system and respiratory pathways to reactive nitrogen species in pea leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 147:194-206. [PMID: 22607494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signaling molecule in plants, but little is known about the effects of reactive nitrogen species in plant mitochondria. In this study, the effects of DETA-NONOate, a pure NO slow generator, and of SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine), a peroxynitrite producer, on the activities of respiratory pathways, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been investigated in isolated mitochondria from pea leaves. No significant changes in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation or in ascorbate and glutathione redox state were observed after DETA-NONOate treatments whereas cytochrome pathway (CP) respiration was reversibly inhibited and alternative pathway (AP) respiration showed little inhibition. On the other hand, NO did not affect neither activities of Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) nor enzymes involved in the ascorbate and glutathione regeneration in mitochondria except for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which was reversely inhibited depending on ascorbate concentration. Finally, SIN-1 treatment of mitochondria produced a decrease in CP respiration, an increase in protein oxidation and strongly inhibited APX activity (90%), with glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) being moderately inhibited (30 and 20%, respectively). This treatment did not affect monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and Mn-SOD activities. Results showed that mitochondrial nitrosative stress was not necessarily accompanied by oxidative stress. We suggest that NO-resistant AP and mitochondrial APX may be important components of the H(2) O(2) -signaling pathways under nitrosative stress induced by NO in this organelle. Also, MDHAR and DHAR, via ascorbate regeneration, could constitute an essential antioxidant defense together with Mn-SOD, against NO and ONOO(-) stress in plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Martí
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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49
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Duchêne AM, Giegé P. Dual localized mitochondrial and nuclear proteins as gene expression regulators in plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:221. [PMID: 23056004 PMCID: PMC3457046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria heavily depend on the coordinated expression of both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes because some of their most significant activities are held by multi-subunit complexes composed of both mitochondrial and nuclear encoded proteins. Thus, precise communication and signaling pathways are believed to exist between the two compartments. Proteins dual localized to both mitochondria and the nucleus make excellent candidates for a potential involvement in the envisaged communication. Here, we review the identified instances of dual localized nucleo-mitochondrial proteins with an emphasis on plant proteins and discuss their functions, which are seemingly mostly related to gene expression regulation. We discuss whether dual localization could be achieved by dual targeting and/or by re-localization and try to apprehend the signals required for the respective processes. Finally, we propose that in some instances, dual localized mitochondrial and nuclear proteins might act as retrograde signaling molecules for mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Giegé
- *Correspondence: Philippe Giegé, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, 12 Rue du General Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France. e-mail:
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50
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Barajas-López JDD, Tezycka J, Travaglia CN, Serrato AJ, Chueca A, Thormählen I, Geigenberger P, Sahrawy M. Expression of the chloroplast thioredoxins f and m is linked to short-term changes in the sugar and thiol status in leaves of Pisum sativum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:4887-900. [PMID: 22791824 PMCID: PMC3427998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) f and m are key components in the light regulation of photosynthetic metabolism via thiol-dithiol modulation in chloroplasts of leaves; however, little is known about the factors modulating the expression of these proteins. To investigate the effect of sugars as photosynthetic products on the expression of PsTRX f and m1 genes, sucrose and glucose were externally supplied to pea plants during the day. There was an increase in the mRNA levels of PsTRX f and m1 genes in response mainly to glucose. When leaf discs were incubated for up to 4h in the dark, glucose also led to an increase in both mRNA and protein levels of TRXs f and m, while sucrose had no substantial effect. Expression of PsDOF7, a carbon metabolism-related transcription factor gene, was also induced by glucose. Protein-DNA interaction showed that PsDOF7 binds specifically to the DOF core located in PsTRX f and m1 gene promoters. Transient expression in agroinfiltrated pea leaves demonstrated that PsDOF7 activated transcription of both promoters. The incubation of leaf discs in dithiotreitol (DTT) to increase the redox status led to a marked increase in the mRNA and protein levels of both TRXs within 4h. The increase in TRX protein levels occurred after 1h DTT feeding, implying a rapid effect of the thiol status on TRX f and m1 protein turnover rates, while transcriptional regulation took 3h to proceed. These results show that the protein levels of both TRXs are under short-term control of the sugar and thiol status in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Barajas-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
- Present address: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Justyna Tezycka
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology IGrosshaderner Str. 2–4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Claudia N. Travaglia
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Campus Universitario5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Antonio Jesús Serrato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Chueca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ina Thormählen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology IGrosshaderner Str. 2–4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology IGrosshaderner Str. 2–4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mariam Sahrawy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasC/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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