1
|
Moser M, Groves NR, Meier I. Plant KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 have synergistic and antagonistic interactions with actin-branching and actin-bundling factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:73-87. [PMID: 37819623 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes consist of outer nuclear membrane KASH proteins, interacting in the nuclear envelope lumen with inner nuclear membrane SUN proteins and connecting the nucleus and cytoskeleton. The paralogous Arabidopsis KASH proteins SINE1 and SINE2 function during stomatal dynamics induced by light-dark transitions and abscisic acid (ABA), which requires F-actin reorganization. SINE2 influences actin depolymerization and SINE1 actin repolymerization. The actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex, an actin nucleator, and the plant actin-bundling and -stabilizing factor SCAB1 are involved in stomatal aperture control. Here, we have tested the genetic interaction of SINE1 and SINE2 with SCAB1 and the ARP2/3 complex. We show that SINE1 and the ARP2/3 complex function in the same pathway during ABA-induced stomatal closure, while SINE2 and the ARP2/3 complex play opposing roles. The actin repolymerization defect observed in sine1-1 is partially rescued in scab1-2 sine1-1, while SINE2 is epistatic to SCAB1. In addition, SINE1 and ARP2/3 act synergistically in lateral root development. The absence of SINE2 renders trichome development independent of the ARP2/3 complex. Together, these data reveal complex and differential interactions of the two KASH proteins with the actin-remodeling apparatus and add evidence to the proposed differential role of SINE1 and SINE2 in actin dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Norman R Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martinek J, Cifrová P, Vosolsobě S, García-González J, Malínská K, Mauerová Z, Jelínková B, Krtková J, Sikorová L, Leaves I, Sparkes I, Schwarzerová K. ARP2/3 complex associates with peroxisomes to participate in pexophagy in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1874-1889. [PMID: 37845336 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Actin-related protein (ARP2/3) complex is a heteroheptameric protein complex, evolutionary conserved in all eukaryotic organisms. Its conserved role is based on the induction of actin polymerization at the interface between membranes and the cytoplasm. Plant ARP2/3 has been reported to participate in actin reorganization at the plasma membrane during polarized growth of trichomes and at the plasma membrane-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. Here we demonstrate that individual plant subunits of ARP2/3 fused to fluorescent proteins form motile spot-like structures in the cytoplasm that are associated with peroxisomes in Arabidopsis and tobacco. ARP2/3 is found at the peroxisome periphery and contains the assembled ARP2/3 complex and the WAVE/SCAR complex subunit NAP1. This ARP2/3-positive peroxisomal domain colocalizes with the autophagosome and, under conditions that affect the autophagy, colocalization between ARP2/3 and the autophagosome increases. ARP2/3 subunits co-immunoprecipitate with ATG8f and peroxisome-associated ARP2/3 interact in vivo with the ATG8f marker. Since mutants lacking functional ARP2/3 complex have more peroxisomes than wild type, we suggest that ARP2/3 has a novel role in the process of peroxisome degradation by autophagy, called pexophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martinek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Vosolsobě
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Imaging Facility of Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Mauerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jelínková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krtková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sikorová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ian Leaves
- Biosciences, CLES, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Imogen Sparkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rapid Changes to Endomembrane System of Infected Root Nodule Cells to Adapt to Unusual Lifestyle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054647. [PMID: 36902077 PMCID: PMC10002930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria rhizobia is a refined type of plant-microbial interaction that has a great importance to the global balance of nitrogen. The reduction of atmospheric nitrogen takes place in infected cells of a root nodule that serves as a temporary shelter for thousands of living bacteria, which, per se, is an unusual state of a eukaryotic cell. One of the most striking features of an infected cell is the drastic changes in the endomembrane system that occur after the entrance of bacteria to the host cell symplast. Mechanisms for maintaining intracellular bacterial colony represent an important part of symbiosis that have still not been sufficiently clarified. This review focuses on the changes that occur in an endomembrane system of infected cells and on the putative mechanisms of infected cell adaptation to its unusual lifestyle.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bellinvia E, García-González J, Cifrová P, Martinek J, Sikorová L, Havelková L, Schwarzerová K. CRISPR-Cas9 Arabidopsis mutants of genes for ARPC1 and ARPC3 subunits of ARP2/3 complex reveal differential roles of complex subunits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18205. [PMID: 36307477 PMCID: PMC9616901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein complex Arp2/3 has a conserved role in the nucleation of branched actin filaments. It is constituted of seven subunits, including actin-like subunits ARP2 and ARP3 plus five other subunits called Arp2/3 Complex Component 1 to 5, which are not related to actin. Knock-out plant mutants lacking individual plant ARP2/3 subunits have a typical phenotype of distorted trichomes, altered pavement cells shape and defects in cell adhesion. While knock-out mutant Arabidopsis plants for most ARP2/3 subunits have been characterized before, Arabidopsis plant mutants missing ARPC1 and ARPC3 subunits have not yet been described. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated knock-out mutants lacking ARPC1 and ARPC3 subunits. We confirmed that the loss of ARPC1 subunits results in the typical ARP2/3 mutant phenotype. However, the mutants lacking ARPC3 subunits resulted in plants with surprisingly different phenotypes. Our results suggest that plant ARP2/3 complex function in trichome shaping does not require ARPC3 subunit, while the fully assembled complex is necessary for the establishment of correct cell adhesion in the epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bellinvia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sikorová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Havelková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mallery EL, Yanagisawa M, Zhang C, Lee Y, Robles LM, Alonso JM, Szymanski DB. Tandem C2 domains mediate dynamic organelle targeting of a DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factor. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275003. [PMID: 35194638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms use DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factors to activate Rac/Rho-of-Plants small GTPases and coordinate cell shape change. In developing tissues, DOCK signals integrate cell-cell interactions with cytoskeleton remodeling, and the GEFs cluster reversibly at specific organelle surfaces to orchestrate cytoskeletal reorganization. The domain organizations among DOCK orthologs are diverse, and the mechanisms of localization control are poorly understood. Here we use combinations of transgene complementation and live cell imaging assays to uncover an evolutionarily conserved and essential localization determinant in the DOCK-GEF named SPIKE1. The SPIKE1-DHR3 domain is sufficient for organelle association in vivo, and displays a complicated lipid binding selectivity for both phospholipid head groups and fatty acid chain saturation. SPIKE1-DHR3 is predicted to adopt a C2-domain structure and functions as part of tandem C2 array that enables reversible clustering at the cell apex. This work provides mechanistic insight into how DOCK GEFs sense compositional and biophysical membrane properties at the interface of two organelle systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen L Mallery
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Makoto Yanagisawa
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Youngwoo Lee
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Linda M Robles
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lebecq A, Fangain A, Boussaroque A, Caillaud MC. Dynamic apico-basal enrichment of the F-actin during cytokinesis in Arabidopsis cells embedded in their tissues. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e4. [PMID: 37077960 PMCID: PMC10095810 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is a tightly regulated mechanism, notably in tissues where malfunctions can lead to tumour formation or developmental defects. This is particularly true in land plants, where cells cannot relocate and therefore cytokinesis determines tissue topology. In plants, cell division is executed in radically different manners than in animals, with the appearance of new structures and the disappearance of ancestral mechanisms. Whilst F-actin and microtubules closely co-exist, recent studies mainly focused on the involvement of microtubules in this key process. Here, we used a root tracking system to image the spatio-temporal dynamics of both F-actin reporters and cell division markers in dividing cells embedded in their tissues. In addition to the F-actin accumulation at the phragmoplast, we observed and quantified a dynamic apico-basal enrichment of F-actin from the prophase/metaphase transition until the end of the cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lebecq
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Fangain
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Boussaroque
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
- Author for correspondence: M.-C. Caillaud, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin L, Liu L, Tu J, Yang G, Wang S, Quilichini TD, Gao P, Wang H, Peng G, Blancaflor EB, Datla R, Xiang D, Wilson KE, Wei Y. The ARP2/3 complex, acting cooperatively with Class I formins, modulates penetration resistance in Arabidopsis against powdery mildew invasion. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3151-3175. [PMID: 34181022 PMCID: PMC8462814 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton regulates an array of diverse cellular activities that support the establishment of plant-microbe interactions and plays a critical role in the execution of plant immunity. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the assembly and rearrangement of actin filaments (AFs) at plant-pathogen interaction sites remain largely elusive. Here, using live-cell imaging, we show that one of the earliest cellular responses in Arabidopsis thaliana upon powdery mildew attack is the formation of patch-like AF structures beneath fungal invasion sites. The AFs constituting actin patches undergo rapid turnover, which is regulated by the actin-related protein (ARP)2/3 complex and its activator, the WAVE/SCAR regulatory complex (W/SRC). The focal accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate at fungal penetration sites appears to be a crucial upstream modulator of the W/SRC-ARP2/3 pathway-mediated actin patch formation. Knockout of W/SRC-ARP2/3 pathway subunits partially compromised penetration resistance with impaired endocytic recycling of the defense-associated t-SNARE protein PEN1 and its deposition into apoplastic papillae. Simultaneously knocking out ARP3 and knocking down the Class I formin (AtFH1) abolished actin patch formation, severely impaired the deposition of cell wall appositions, and promoted powdery mildew entry into host cells. Our results demonstrate that the ARP2/3 complex and formins, two actin-nucleating systems, act cooperatively and contribute to Arabidopsis penetration resistance to fungal invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jiangying Tu
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Guogen Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | | | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Kenneth E. Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nie WF, Wang J. Actin-Related Protein 4 Interacts with PIE1 and Regulates Gene Expression in Arabidopsis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040520. [PMID: 33918349 PMCID: PMC8066076 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As essential structural components of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, the nucleolus-localized actin-related proteins (ARPs) play critical roles in many biological processes. Among them, ARP4 is identified as an integral subunit of chromatin remodeling complex SWR1, which is conserved in yeast, humans and plants. It was shown that RNAi mediated knock-down of Arabidopsisthaliana ARP4 (AtARP4) could affect plant development, specifically, leading to early flowering. However, so far, little is known about how ARP4 functions in the SWR1 complex in plant. Here, we identified a loss-of-function mutant of AtARP4 with a single nucleotide change from glycine to arginine, which had significantly smaller leaf size. The results from the split luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed its physical interaction with the scaffold and catalytic subunit of SWR1 complex, photoperiod-independent early flowering 1 (PIE1). Furthermore, mutation of AtARP4 caused altered transcription response of hundreds of genes, in which the number of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much larger than those down-regulated. Although most DEGs in atarp4 are related to plant defense and response to hormones such as salicylic acid, overall, it has less overlapping with other swr1 mutants and the hta9 hta11 double-mutant. In conclusion, our results reveal that AtARP4 is important for plant growth and such an effect is likely attributed to its repression on gene expression, typically at defense-related loci, thus providing some evidence for the coordination of plant growth and defense, while the regulatory patterns and mechanisms are distinctive from other SWR1 complex components.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ali MF, Fatema U, Peng X, Hacker SW, Maruyama D, Sun MX, Kawashima T. ARP2/3-independent WAVE/SCAR pathway and class XI myosin control sperm nuclear migration in flowering plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32757-32763. [PMID: 33288691 PMCID: PMC7768783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015550117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After eukaryotic fertilization, gamete nuclei migrate to fuse parental genomes in order to initiate development of the next generation. In most animals, microtubules control female and male pronuclear migration in the zygote. Flowering plants, on the other hand, have evolved actin filament (F-actin)-based sperm nuclear migration systems for karyogamy. Flowering plants have also evolved a unique double-fertilization process: two female gametophytic cells, the egg and central cells, are each fertilized by a sperm cell. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of how flowering plants utilize and control F-actin for double-fertilization events are largely unknown. Using confocal microscopy live-cell imaging with a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches, we identified factors involved in F-actin dynamics and sperm nuclear migration in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). We demonstrate that the F-actin regulator, SCAR2, but not the ARP2/3 protein complex, controls the coordinated active F-actin movement. These results imply that an ARP2/3-independent WAVE/SCAR-signaling pathway regulates F-actin dynamics in female gametophytic cells for fertilization. We also identify that the class XI myosin XI-G controls active F-actin movement in the Arabidopsis central cell. XI-G is not a simple transporter, moving cargos along F-actin, but can generate forces that control the dynamic movement of F-actin for fertilization. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms that control gamete nuclear migration and reveal regulatory pathways for dynamic F-actin movement in flowering plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Foteh Ali
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Umma Fatema
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Samuel W Hacker
- Agriculture and Medical Biotechnology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 244-0813 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312;
- Agriculture and Medical Biotechnology Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun G, Feng C, Guo J, Zhang A, Xu Y, Wang Y, Day B, Ma Q. The tomato Arp2/3 complex is required for resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2664-2680. [PMID: 31038756 PMCID: PMC7747227 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3 complex), a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, has been linked to multiple cellular processes, including those associated with response to stress. Herein, the Solanum habrochaites ARPC3 gene, encoding a subunit protein of the Arp2/3 complex, was identified and characterized. ShARPC3 encodes a 174-amino acid protein possessing a conserved P21-Arc domain. Silencing of ShARPC3 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the powdery mildew pathogen Oidium neolycopersici (On-Lz), demonstrating a role for ShARPC3 in defence signalling. Interestingly, a loss of ShARPC3 coincided with enhanced susceptibility to On-Lz, a process that we hypothesize is the result of a block in the activity of SA-mediated defence signalling. Conversely, overexpression of ShARPC3 in Arabidopsis thaliana, followed by inoculation with On-Lz, showed enhanced resistance, including the rapid induction of hypersensitive cell death and the generation of reactive oxygen. Heterologous expression of ShARPC3 in the arc18 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (i.e., ∆arc18) resulted in complementation of stress-induced phenotypes, including high-temperature tolerance. Taken together, these data support a role for ShARPC3 in tomato through positive regulation of plant immunity in response to O. neolycopersici pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chanjing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanliu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McBride Z, Chen D, Lee Y, Aryal UK, Xie J, Szymanski DB. A Label-free Mass Spectrometry Method to Predict Endogenous Protein Complex Composition. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1588-1606. [PMID: 31186290 PMCID: PMC6683005 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the composition of protein complexes can accelerate mechanistic analyses of cellular systems. Protein complex composition identifies genes that function together and provides clues about regulation within and between cellular pathways. Cytosolic protein complexes control metabolic flux, signal transduction, protein abundance, and the activities of cytoskeletal and endomembrane systems. It has been estimated that one third of all cytosolic proteins in leaves exist in an oligomeric state, yet the composition of nearly all remain unknown. Subunits of stable protein complexes copurify, and combinations of mass-spectrometry-based protein correlation profiling and bioinformatic analyses have been used to predict protein complex subunits. Because of uncertainty regarding the power or availability of bioinformatic data to inform protein complex predictions across diverse species, it would be highly advantageous to predict composition based on elution profile data alone. Here we describe a mass spectrometry-based protein correlation profiling approach to predict the composition of hundreds of protein complexes based on biochemical data. Extracts were obtained from an intact organ and separated in parallel by size and charge under nondenaturing conditions. More than 1000 proteins with reproducible elution profiles across all replicates were subjected to clustering analyses. The resulting dendrograms were used to predict the composition of known and novel protein complexes, including many that are likely to assemble through self-interaction. An array of validation experiments demonstrated that this new method can drive protein complex discovery, guide hypothesis testing, and enable systems-level analyses of protein complex dynamics in any organism with a sequenced genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary McBride
- ‡Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Donglai Chen
- §Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Youngwoo Lee
- ‡Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Uma K Aryal
- ¶Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Biosciences Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jun Xie
- §Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- ‡Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; ‖Department of Biological Sciences,Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caillaud MC. Anionic Lipids: A Pipeline Connecting Key Players of Plant Cell Division. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31110508 PMCID: PMC6499208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
How cells position their division plane is a critical component of cell division. Indeed, it defines whether the two daughter cells divide symmetrically (with equal volumes) or not, and as such is critical for cell differentiation and lineage specification across eukaryotes. However, oriented cell divisions are of special significance for organisms with cell walls, such as plants, because their cells are embedded and cannot relocate. Correctly positioning the division plane is therefore of prevailing importance in plants, as it controls not only the occurrence of asymmetric cell division, but also tissue morphogenesis and organ integrity. While cytokinesis is executed in radically different manners in animals and plants, they both rely on the dynamic interplay between the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking to precisely deliver molecular components to the future site of cell division. Recent research has shown that strict regulation of the levels and distribution of anionic lipids, which are minor components of the cell membrane's lipids, is required for successful cytokinesis in non-plant organisms. This review focused on the recent evidence pointing to whether such signaling lipids have roles in plant cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Badet T, Léger O, Barascud M, Voisin D, Sadon P, Vincent R, Le Ru A, Balagué C, Roby D, Raffaele S. Expression polymorphism at the ARPC4 locus links the actin cytoskeleton with quantitative disease resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:480-496. [PMID: 30393937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a form of plant immunity widespread in nature, and the only one active against broad host range fungal pathogens. The genetic determinants of QDR are complex and largely unknown, and are thought to rely partly on genes controlling plant morphology and development. We used genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify ARPC4 as associated with QDR against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mutants impaired in ARPC4 showed enhanced susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum, defects in the structure of the actin filaments and in their responsiveness to S. sclerotiorum. Disruption of ARPC4 also alters callose deposition and the expression of defense-related genes upon S. sclerotiorum infection. Analysis of ARPC4 diversity in A. thaliana identified one haplotype (ARPC4R ) showing a c. 1 kbp insertion in ARPC4 regulatory region and associated with higher level of QDR. Accessions from the ARPC4R haplotype showed enhanced ARPC4 expression upon S. sclerotiorum challenge, indicating that polymorphisms in ARPC4 regulatory region are associated with enhanced QDR. This work identifies a novel actor of plant QDR against a fungal pathogen and provides a prime example of genetic mechanisms leading to the recruitment of cell morphology processes in plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Badet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ophélie Léger
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marielle Barascud
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Derry Voisin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Sadon
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Remy Vincent
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Ru
- Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Fédération de Recherche 3450, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claudine Balagué
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Dominique Roby
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Kim T, Szymanski DB. Multi-scale regulation of cell branching: Modeling morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 451:40-52. [PMID: 30529250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are driven by extended phases of irreversible cell expansion generating cells that increase in volume from 10- to 100-fold. Some specialized cell types define cortical sites that reinitiate polarized growth and generate branched cell morphology. This structural specialization of individual cells has a major importance for plant adaptation to diverse environments and practical importance in agricultural contexts. The patterns of cell shape are defined by highly integrated cytoskeletal and cell wall systems. Microtubules and actin filaments locally define the material properties of a tough outer cell wall to generate complex shapes. Forward genetics, powerful live cell imaging experiments, and computational modeling have provided insights into understanding of mechanisms of cell shape control. In particular, finite element modeling of the cell wall provides a new way to discover which cell wall heterogeneities generate complex cell shapes, and how cell shape and cell wall stress can feedback on the cytoskeleton to maintain growth patterns. This review focuses on cytoskeleton-dependent cell wall patterning during cell branching, and how combinations of multi-scale imaging experiments and computational modeling are being used to unravel systems-level control of morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pratap Sahi V, Cifrová P, García-González J, Kotannal Baby I, Mouillé G, Gineau E, Müller K, Baluška F, Soukup A, Petrášek J, Schwarzerová K. Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking the ARP2/3 complex show defects in cell wall assembly and auxin distribution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:777-789. [PMID: 29293873 PMCID: PMC6215044 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The cytoskeleton plays an important role in the synthesis of plant cell walls. Both microtubules and actin cytoskeleton are known to be involved in the morphogenesis of plant cells through their role in cell wall building. The role of ARP2/3-nucleated actin cytoskeleton in the morphogenesis of cotyledon pavement cells has been described before. Seedlings of Arabidopsis mutants lacking a functional ARP2/3 complex display specific cell wall-associated defects. METHODS In three independent Arabidopsis mutant lines lacking subunits of the ARP2/3 complex, phenotypes associated with the loss of the complex were analysed throughout plant development. Organ size and anatomy, cell wall composition, and auxin distribution were investigated. KEY RESULTS ARP2/3-related phenotype is associated with changes in cell wall composition, and the phenotype is manifested especially in mature tissues. Cell walls of mature plants contain less cellulose and a higher amount of homogalacturonan, and display changes in cell wall lignification. Vascular bundles of mutant inflorescence stems show a changed pattern of AUX1-YFP expression. Plants lacking a functional ARP2/3 complex have decreased basipetal auxin transport. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the ARP2/3 complex has a morphogenetic function related to cell wall synthesis and auxin transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidurya Pratap Sahi
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gregory Mouillé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Emilie Gineau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Karel Müller
- Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, Rozvojová, Czech Republic
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR, Rozvojová, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bidhendi AJ, Geitmann A. Finite Element Modeling of Shape Changes in Plant Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:41-56. [PMID: 29229695 PMCID: PMC5761827 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical modeling of plant cells using finite element methods serves to simulate the behavior of complex cell shapes with the aim to understand biological functioning
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir J Bidhendi
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences siologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - Anja Geitmann
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences siologiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McBride Z, Chen D, Reick C, Xie J, Szymanski DB. Global Analysis of Membrane-associated Protein Oligomerization Using Protein Correlation Profiling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1972-1989. [PMID: 28887381 PMCID: PMC5672003 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated proteins are required for essential processes like transport, organelle biogenesis, and signaling. Many are expected to function as part of an oligomeric protein complex. However, membrane-associated proteins are challenging to work with, and large-scale data sets on the oligomerization state of this important class of proteins is missing. Here we combined cell fractionation of Arabidopsis leaves with nondenaturing detergent solubilization and LC/MS-based profiling of size exclusion chromatography fractions to measure the apparent masses of >1350 membrane-associated proteins. Our method identified proteins from all of the major organelles, with more than 50% of them predicted to be part of a stable complex. The plasma membrane was the most highly enriched in large protein complexes compared with other organelles. Hundreds of novel protein complexes were identified. Over 150 proteins had a complicated localization pattern, and were clearly partitioned between cytosolic and membrane-associated pools. A subset of these dual localized proteins had oligomerization states that differed based on localization. Our data set is an important resource for the community that includes new functionally relevant data for membrane-localized protein complexes that could not be predicted based on sequence alone. Our method enables the analysis of protein complex localization and dynamics, and is a first step in the development of a method in which LC/MS profile data can be used to predict the composition of membrane-associated protein complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary McBride
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Donglai Chen
- §Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Christy Reick
- ¶College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis
| | - Jun Xie
- §Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; .,‖Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thyssen GN, Fang DD, Turley RB, Florane CB, Li P, Mattison CP, Naoumkina M. A Gly65Val substitution in an actin, GhACT_LI1, disrupts cell polarity and F-actin organization resulting in dwarf, lintless cotton plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:111-121. [PMID: 28078746 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Actin polymerizes to form part of the cytoskeleton and organize polar growth in all eukaryotic cells. Species with numerous actin genes are especially useful for the dissection of actin molecular function due to redundancy and neofunctionalization. Here, we investigated the role of a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) actin gene in the organization of actin filaments in lobed cotyledon pavement cells and the highly elongated single-celled trichomes that comprise cotton lint fibers. Using mapping-by-sequencing, virus-induced gene silencing, and molecular modeling, we identified the causative mutation of the dominant dwarf Ligon lintless Li1 short fiber mutant as a single Gly65Val amino acid substitution in a polymerization domain of an actin gene, GhACT_LI1 (Gh_D04G0865). We observed altered cell morphology and disrupted organization of F-actin in Li1 plant cells by confocal microscopy. Mutant leaf cells lacked interdigitation of lobes and F-actin did not uniformly decorate the nuclear envelope. While wild-type lint fiber trichome cells contained long longitudinal actin cables, the short Li1 fiber cells accumulated disoriented transverse cables. The polymerization-defective Gly65Val allele in Li1 plants likely disrupts processive elongation of F-actin, resulting in a disorganized cytoskeleton and reduced cell polarity, which likely accounts for the dominant gene action and diverse pleiotropic effects associated with the Li1 mutation. Lastly, we propose a model to account for these effects, and underscore the roles of actin organization in determining plant cell polarity, shape and plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Thyssen
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
- Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS-SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - David D Fang
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Rickie B Turley
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Christopher B Florane
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Christopher P Mattison
- Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS-SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Marina Naoumkina
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC), 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qi T, Wang J, Sun Q, Day B, Guo J, Ma Q. TaARPC3, Contributes to Wheat Resistance against the Stripe Rust Fungus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1245. [PMID: 28769954 PMCID: PMC5513970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton participates in numerous cellular processes, including less-characterized processes, such as nuclear organization, chromatin remodeling, transcription, and signal transduction. As a key regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, the actin related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3 complex) controls multiple developmental processes in a variety of tissues and cell types. To date, the role of the Arp2/3 complex in plant disease resistance signaling is largely unknown. Herein, we identified and characterized wheat ARPC3, TaARPC3, which encodes the C3 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex. Expression of TaARPC3 in the arc18 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δarc18 resulted in complementation of stress-induced phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, as well as restore wild-type cell shape malformations. TaARPC3 was found predominantly to be localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm when expressed transiently in wheat protoplast. TaARPC3 was significantly induced in response to avirulent race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Knock-down of TaARPC3 by virus-induced gene silencing resulted in a reduction of resistance against Pst through a specific reduction in actin cytoskeletal organization. Interestingly, this reduction was found to coincide with a block in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, the hypersensitive response (HR), an increase in TaCAT1 mRNA accumulation, and the growth of Pst. Taken together, these findings suggest that TaARPC3 is a key subunit of the Arp2/3 complex which is required for wheat resistance against Pst, a process that is associated with the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Qixiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East LansingMI, United States
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Ma, Jun Guo,
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Ma, Jun Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Havelková L, Nanda G, Martinek J, Bellinvia E, Sikorová L, Šlajcherová K, Seifertová D, Fischer L, Fišerová J, Petrášek J, Schwarzerová K. Arp2/3 complex subunit ARPC2 binds to microtubules. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:96-108. [PMID: 26706062 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arp2/3 complex plays a fundamental role in the nucleation of actin filaments (AFs) in yeasts, plants, and animals. In plants, the aberrant shaping and elongation of several types of epidermal cells observed in Arp2/3 complex knockout plant mutants suggest the importance of Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation for various morphogenetic processes. Here we show that ARPC2, a core Arp2/3 complex subunit, interacts with both actin filaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs). Plant GFP-ARPC2 expressed in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells, leaf epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana and root epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana decorated MTs. The interaction with MTs was demonstrated by pharmacological approach selectively interfering with either AFs or MTs dynamics as well as by the in vitro co-sedimentation assays. A putative MT-binding domain of tobacco NtARPC2 protein was identified using the co-sedimentation of several truncated NtARPC2 proteins with MTs. Newly identified MT-binding ability of ARPC2 subunit of Arp2/3 complex may represent a new molecular mechanism of AFs and MTs interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Havelková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Gitanjali Nanda
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Erica Bellinvia
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sikorová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Šlajcherová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Seifertová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Fischer
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Fišerová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bai J, Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang J, Chen H, Dong G, Zhu L, Zheng H, Xie Q, Nian J, Chen F, Fu Y, Qian Q, Zuo J. Rice TUTOU1 Encodes a Suppressor of cAMP Receptor-Like Protein That Is Important for Actin Organization and Panicle Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1179-91. [PMID: 26243616 PMCID: PMC4587440 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Panicle development, a key event in rice (Oryza sativa) reproduction and a critical determinant of grain yield, forms a branched structure containing multiple spikelets. Genetic and environmental factors can perturb panicle development, causing panicles to degenerate and producing characteristic whitish, small spikelets with severely reduced fertility and yield; however, little is known about the molecular basis of the formation of degenerating panicles in rice. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the rice panicle degenerative mutant tutou1 (tut1), which shows severe defects in panicle development. The tut1 also shows a pleiotropic phenotype, characterized by short roots, reduced plant height, and abnormal development of anthers and pollen grains. Molecular genetic studies revealed that TUT1 encodes a suppressor of cAMP receptor/Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous (SCAR/WAVE)-like protein. We found that TUT1 contains conserved functional domains found in eukaryotic SCAR/WAVE proteins, and was able to activate Actin-related protein2/3 to promote actin nucleation and polymerization in vitro. Consistently, tut1 mutants show defects in the arrangement of actin filaments in trichome. These results indicate that TUT1 is a functional SCAR/WAVE protein and plays an important role in panicle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoteng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Xudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Hongqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Huakun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Jinqiang Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center (J.B., Q.W., J.Zh., H.Z., Q.X., J.N., J.Zu.) and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology and National Plant Gene Research Center (F.C.), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., Q.W., H.Z., Q.X.);State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China (X.Z., H.C., G.D., Q.Q.); andState Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (L.Z., Y.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Burkart GM, Baskin TI, Bezanilla M. A family of ROP proteins that suppresses actin dynamics, and is essential for polarized growth and cell adhesion. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2553-64. [PMID: 26045445 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the ROP family of small GTPases has been implicated in the polarized growth of tip-growing cells, such as root hairs and pollen tubes; however, most of the data derive from overexpressing ROP genes or constitutively active and dominant-negative isoforms, whereas confirmation by using loss-of-function studies has generally been lacking. Here, in the model moss Physcomitrella patens, we study ROP signaling during tip growth by using a loss-of-function approach based on RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the entire moss ROP family. We find that plants with reduced expression of ROP genes, in addition to failing to initiate tip growth, have perturbed cell wall staining, reduced cell adhesion and have increased actin-filament dynamics. Although plants subjected to RNAi against the ROP family also have reduced microtubule dynamics, this reduction is not specific to loss of ROP genes, as it occurs when actin function is compromised chemically or genetically. Our data suggest that ROP proteins polarize the actin cytoskeleton by suppressing actin-filament dynamics, leading to an increase in actin filaments at the site of polarized secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham M Burkart
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gavrin A, Jansen V, Ivanov S, Bisseling T, Fedorova E. ARP2/3-Mediated Actin Nucleation Associated With Symbiosome Membrane Is Essential for the Development of Symbiosomes in Infected Cells of Medicago truncatula Root Nodules. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:605-14. [PMID: 25608180 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-14-0402-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in the symbiotic infected cells of root nodules are kept in membrane compartments derived from the host cell plasma membrane, forming what are known as symbiosomes. These are maintained as individual units, with mature symbiosomes having a specific radial position in the host cell cytoplasm. The mechanisms that adapt the host cell architecture to accommodate intracellular bacteria are not clear. The intracellular organization of any cell depends heavily on the actin cytoskeleton. Dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for cytoplasm organization and intracellular trafficking of vesicles and organelles. A key component of the actin cytoskeleton rearrangement is the ARP2/3 complex, which nucleates new actin filaments and forms branched actin networks. To clarify the role of the ARP2/3 complex in the development of infected cells and symbiosomes, we analyzed the pattern of actin microfilaments and the functional role of ARP3 in Medicago truncatula root nodules. In infected cells, ARP3 protein and actin were spatially associated with maturing symbiosomes. Partial ARP3 silencing causes defects in symbiosome development; in particular, ARP3 silencing disrupts the final differentiation steps in functional maturation into nitrogen-fixing units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Gavrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Jansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yanagisawa M, Desyatova AS, Belteton SA, Mallery EL, Turner JA, Szymanski DB. Patterning mechanisms of cytoskeletal and cell wall systems during leaf trichome morphogenesis. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15014. [PMID: 27246881 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant actin cytoskeleton is an unstable network of filaments that influences polarized growth through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we used a combination of live cell imaging and finite element computational modelling of Arabidopsis trichome morphogenesis to determine how the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons cooperate to pattern the cell wall and growth. The actin-related protein (ARP)2/3 complex generates an actin meshwork that operates within a tip-localized, microtubule-depleted zone to modulate cell wall anisotropy locally. The actin meshwork also positions an actin bundle network that organizes organelle flow patterns. This activity is required to maintain cell wall thickness gradients that enable tip-biased diffuse growth. These newly discovered couplings between cytoskeletal patterns and wall textures provide important insights into the cellular mechanism of growth control in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yanagisawa
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Anastasia S Desyatova
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Samuel A Belteton
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Eileen L Mallery
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Joseph A Turner
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Koudounas K, Manioudaki ME, Kourti A, Banilas G, Hatzopoulos P. Transcriptional profiling unravels potential metabolic activities of the olive leaf non-glandular trichome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:633. [PMID: 26322070 PMCID: PMC4534801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The olive leaf trichomes are multicellular peltate hairs densely distributed mainly at the lower leaf epidermis. Although, non-glandular, they have gained much attention since they significantly contribute to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance of olive leaves. The exact mechanisms by which olive trichomes achieve these goals are not fully understood. They could act as mechanical barrier but they also accumulate high amounts of flavonoids among other secondary metabolites. However, little is currently known about the exact compounds they produce and the respective metabolic pathways. Here we present the first EST analysis from olive leaf trichomes by using 454-pyrosequencing. A total of 5368 unigenes were identified out of 7258 high quality reads with an average length of 262 bp. Blast search revealed that 27.5% of them had high homologies to known proteins. By using Blast2GO, 1079 unigenes (20.1%) were assigned at least one Gene Ontology (GO) term. Most of the genes were involved in cellular and metabolic processes and in binding functions followed by catalytic activity. A total of 521 transcripts were mapped to 67 KEGG pathways. Olive trichomes represent a tissue of highly unique transcriptome as per the genes involved in developmental processes and the secondary metabolism. The results indicate that mature olive trichomes are trancriptionally active, mainly through the potential production of enzymes that contribute to phenolic compounds with important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria E. Manioudaki
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaCrete, Greece
| | - Anna Kourti
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Georgios Banilas
- Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Technological Educational Institute of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of AthensAthens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Polydefkis Hatzopoulos, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jimenez-Lopez JC, Wang X, Kotchoni SO, Huang S, Szymanski DB, Staiger CJ. Heterodimeric capping protein from Arabidopsis is a membrane-associated, actin-binding protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1312-28. [PMID: 25201878 PMCID: PMC4226361 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.242487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a major regulator of cell morphogenesis and responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. The organization and activities of the cytoskeleton are choreographed by hundreds of accessory proteins. Many actin-binding proteins are thought to be stimulus-response regulators that bind to signaling phospholipids and change their activity upon lipid binding. Whether these proteins associate with and/or are regulated by signaling lipids in plant cells remains poorly understood. Heterodimeric capping protein (CP) is a conserved and ubiquitous regulator of actin dynamics. It binds to the barbed end of filaments with high affinity and modulates filament assembly and disassembly reactions in vitro. Direct interaction of CP with phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid, results in uncapping of filament ends in vitro. Live-cell imaging and reverse-genetic analyses of cp mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) recently provided compelling support for a model in which CP activity is negatively regulated by phosphatidic acid in vivo. Here, we used complementary biochemical, subcellular fractionation, and immunofluorescence microscopy approaches to elucidate CP-membrane association. We found that CP is moderately abundant in Arabidopsis tissues and present in a microsomal membrane fraction. Sucrose density gradient separation and immunoblotting with known compartment markers were used to demonstrate that CP is enriched on membrane-bound organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. This association could facilitate cross talk between the actin cytoskeleton and a wide spectrum of essential cellular functions such as organelle motility and signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Jimenez-Lopez
- Departments of Biological Sciences (J.C.J.-L., X.W., S.H., C.J.S.) and Agronomy (S.O.K., D.B.S.), Bindley Bioscience Center (C.J.S.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Xia Wang
- Departments of Biological Sciences (J.C.J.-L., X.W., S.H., C.J.S.) and Agronomy (S.O.K., D.B.S.), Bindley Bioscience Center (C.J.S.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Simeon O Kotchoni
- Departments of Biological Sciences (J.C.J.-L., X.W., S.H., C.J.S.) and Agronomy (S.O.K., D.B.S.), Bindley Bioscience Center (C.J.S.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Departments of Biological Sciences (J.C.J.-L., X.W., S.H., C.J.S.) and Agronomy (S.O.K., D.B.S.), Bindley Bioscience Center (C.J.S.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Departments of Biological Sciences (J.C.J.-L., X.W., S.H., C.J.S.) and Agronomy (S.O.K., D.B.S.), Bindley Bioscience Center (C.J.S.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Departments of Biological Sciences (J.C.J.-L., X.W., S.H., C.J.S.) and Agronomy (S.O.K., D.B.S.), Bindley Bioscience Center (C.J.S.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aryal UK, Xiong Y, McBride Z, Kihara D, Xie J, Hall MC, Szymanski DB. A proteomic strategy for global analysis of plant protein complexes. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3867-82. [PMID: 25293756 PMCID: PMC4247564 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global analyses of protein complex assembly, composition, and location are needed to fully understand how cells coordinate diverse metabolic, mechanical, and developmental activities. The most common methods for proteome-wide analysis of protein complexes rely on affinity purification-mass spectrometry or yeast two-hybrid approaches. These methods are time consuming and are not suitable for many plant species that are refractory to transformation or genome-wide cloning of open reading frames. Here, we describe the proof of concept for a method allowing simultaneous global analysis of endogenous protein complexes that begins with intact leaves and combines chromatographic separation of extracts from subcellular fractions with quantitative label-free protein abundance profiling by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Applying this approach to the crude cytosolic fraction of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves using size exclusion chromatography, we identified hundreds of cytosolic proteins that appeared to exist as components of stable protein complexes. The reliability of the method was validated by protein immunoblot analysis and comparisons with published size exclusion chromatography data and the masses of known complexes. The method can be implemented with appropriate instrumentation, is applicable to any biological system, and has the potential to be further developed to characterize the composition of protein complexes and measure the dynamics of protein complex localization and assembly under different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma K Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zachary McBride
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Mark C Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gachomo EW, Jno Baptiste L, Kefela T, Saidel WM, Kotchoni SO. The Arabidopsis CURVY1 (CVY1) gene encoding a novel receptor-like protein kinase regulates cell morphogenesis, flowering time and seed production. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:221. [PMID: 25158860 PMCID: PMC4244047 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A molecular-level understanding of the loss of CURVY1 (CVY1) gene expression (which encodes a member of the receptor-like protein kinase family) was investigated to gain insights into the mechanisms controlling cell morphogenesis and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS Using a reverse genetic and cell biology approaches, we demonstrate that CVY1 is a new DISTORTED gene with similar phenotypic characterization to previously characterized ARP2/3 distorted mutants. Compared to the wild type, cvy1 mutant displayed a strong distorted trichome and altered pavement cell phenotypes. In addition, cvy1 null-mutant flowers earlier, grows faster and produces more siliques than WT and the arp2/3 mutants. The CVY1 gene is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and seems to negatively regulate growth and yield in higher plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CURVY1 gene participates in several biochemical pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana including (i) cell morphogenesis regulation through actin cytoskeleton functional networks, (ii) the transition of vegetative to the reproductive stage and (iii) the production of seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma W Gachomo
- />Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
- />Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
| | - Lyla Jno Baptiste
- />Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
| | - Timnit Kefela
- />Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
| | - William M Saidel
- />Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
- />Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
| | - Simeon O Kotchoni
- />Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
- />Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li X, Li JH, Wang W, Chen NZ, Ma TS, Xi YN, Zhang XL, Lin HF, Bai Y, Huang SJ, Chen YL. ARP2/3 complex-mediated actin dynamics is required for hydrogen peroxide-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1548-60. [PMID: 24372484 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cellular events like dynamic actin reorganization and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production were demonstrated to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. However, the relationship between them as well as the underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that H(2)O(2) generation is indispensable for ABA induction of actin reorganization in guard cells of Arabidopsis that requires the presence of ARP2/3 complex. H(2)O(2) -induced stomatal closure was delayed in the mutants of arpc4 and arpc5, and the rate of actin reorganization was slowed down in arpc4 and arpc5 in response to H(2)O(2), suggesting that ARP2/3-mediated actin nucleation is required for H(2)O(2) -induced actin cytoskeleton remodelling. Furthermore, the expression of H(2)O(2) biosynthetic related gene AtrbohD and the accumulation of H(2)O(2) was delayed in response to ABA in arpc4 and arpc5, demonstrating that misregulated actin dynamics affects H(2)O(2) production upon ABA treatment. These results support a possible causal relation between the production of H(2)O(2) and actin dynamics in ABA-mediated guard cell signalling: ABA triggers H(2)O(2) generation that causes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton partially mediated by ARP2/3 complex, and ARP2/3 complex-mediated actin dynamics may feedback regulate H(2)O(2) production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sambade A, Findlay K, Schäffner AR, Lloyd CW, Buschmann H. Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cortical Microtubules in the Differentiation of Arabidopsis Leaf Trichomes. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1629-1644. [PMID: 24714762 PMCID: PMC4036576 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana tortifolía2 carries a point mutation in α-tubulin 4 and shows aberrant cortical microtubule dynamics. The microtubule defect of tortifolia2 leads to overbranching and right-handed helical growth in the single-celled leaf trichomes. Here, we use tortifolia2 to further our understanding of microtubules in plant cell differentiation. Trichomes at the branching stage show an apical ring of cortical microtubules, and our analyses support that this ring is involved in marking the prospective branch site. tortifolia2 showed ectopic microtubule bundles at this stage, consistent with a function for microtubules in selecting new branch sites. Overbranching of tortifolia2 required the C-terminal binding protein/brefeldin A-ADP ribosylated substrate protein ANGUSTIFOLIA1, and our results indicate that the angustifolia1 mutant is hypersensitive to alterations in microtubule dynamics. To analyze whether actin and microtubules cooperate in the trichome cell expansion process, we generated double mutants of tortifolia2 with distorted1, a mutant that is defective in the actin-related ARP2/3 complex. The double mutant trichomes showed a complete loss of growth anisotropy, suggesting a genetic interaction of actin and microtubules. Green fluorescent protein labeling of F-actin or microtubules in tortifolia2 distorted1 double mutants indicated that F-actin enhances microtubule dynamics and enables reorientation. Together, our results suggest actin-dependent and -independent functions of cortical microtubules in trichome differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sambade
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Findlay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clive W Lloyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Buschmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao Y, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Qu X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Jiang X, Huang S, Yuan M, Schumaker KS, Guo Y. The actin-related Protein2/3 complex regulates mitochondrial-associated calcium signaling during salt stress in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4544-59. [PMID: 24280386 PMCID: PMC3875735 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfilament and Ca(2+) dynamics play important roles in stress signaling in plants. Through genetic screening of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that are defective in stress-induced increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyt), we identified Actin-Related Protein2 (Arp2) as a regulator of [Ca(2+)]cyt in response to salt stress. Plants lacking Arp2 or other proteins in the Arp2/3 complex exhibited enhanced salt-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]cyt, decreased mitochondria movement, and hypersensitivity to salt. In addition, mitochondria aggregated, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opened, and mitochondrial membrane potential Ψm was impaired in the arp2 mutant, and these changes were associated with salt-induced cell death. When opening of the enhanced mitochondrial permeability transition pore was blocked or increases in [Ca(2+)]cyt were prevented, the salt-sensitive phenotype of the arp2 mutant was partially rescued. These results indicate that the Arp2/3 complex regulates mitochondrial-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in response to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100193, China
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang C, Mallery E, Reagan S, Boyko VP, Kotchoni SO, Szymanski DB. The endoplasmic reticulum is a reservoir for WAVE/SCAR regulatory complex signaling in the Arabidopsis leaf. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:689-706. [PMID: 23613272 PMCID: PMC3668063 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.217422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During plant cell morphogenesis, signal transduction and cytoskeletal dynamics interact to locally organize the cytoplasm and define the geometry of cell expansion. The WAVE/SCAR (for WASP family verprolin homologous/suppressor of cyclic AMP receptor) regulatory complex (W/SRC) is an evolutionarily conserved heteromeric protein complex. Within the plant kingdom W/SRC is a broadly used effector that converts Rho-of-Plants (ROP)/Rac small GTPase signals into Actin-Related Protein2/3 and actin-dependent growth responses. Although the components and biochemistry of the W/SRC pathway are well understood, a basic understanding of how cells partition W/SRC into active and inactive pools is lacking. In this paper, we report that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle for W/SRC regulation. We determined that a large intracellular pool of the core W/SRC subunit NAP1, like the known positive regulator of W/SRC, the DOCK family guanine nucleotide-exchange factor SPIKE1 (SPK1), localizes to the surface of the ER. The ER-associated NAP1 is inactive because it displays little colocalization with the actin network, and ER localization requires neither activating signals from SPK1 nor a physical association with its W/SRC-binding partner, SRA1. Our results indicate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf pavement cells and trichomes, the ER is a reservoir for W/SRC signaling and may have a key role in the early steps of W/SRC assembly and/or activation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gachomo EW, Jimenez-Lopez JC, Smith SR, Cooksey AB, Oghoghomeh OM, Johnson N, Baba-Moussa L, Kotchoni SO. The cell morphogenesis ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene, a plant homolog of CtBP/BARS, is involved in abiotic and biotic stress response in higher plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:79. [PMID: 23672620 PMCID: PMC3663690 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), one of the CtBP family proteins, plays a major role in microtubule-dependent cell morphogenesis. Microarray analysis of mammalian AN homologs suggests that AN might function as a transcriptional activator and regulator of a wide range of genes. Genetic characterization of AN mutants suggests that AN might be involved in multiple biological processes beyond cell morphology regulation. RESULTS Using a reverse genetic approach, we provide in this paper the genetic, biochemical, and physiological evidence for ANGUSTIFOLIA's role in other new biological functions such as abiotic and biotic stress response in higher plants. The T-DNA knockout an-t1 mutant exhibits not only all the phenotypes of previously described angustifolia null mutants, but also copes better than wild type under dehydration and pathogen attack. The stress tolerance is accompanied by a steady-state modulation of cellular H(2)O(2) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) derived from cellular lipid peroxidation, and over-expression of stress responsive genes. Our results indicate that ANGUSTIFOLIA functions beyond cell morphology control through direct or indirect functional protein interaction networks mediating other biological processes such as drought and pathogen attacks. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the ANGUSTIFOLIA gene participates in several biochemical pathways controlling cell morphogenesis, abiotic, and biotic stress responses in higher plants. Our results suggest that the in vivo function of plant ANGUSTIFOLIA has been overlooked and it needs to be further studied beyond microtubule-dependent cell morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma W Gachomo
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Jose C Jimenez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada E-18008, Spain
| | - Sarah R Smith
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Anthony B Cooksey
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Oteri M Oghoghomeh
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | | | - Simeon O Kotchoni
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, 315 Penn St, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McMichael CM, Bednarek SY. Cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics during higher plant cytokinesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:1039-1057. [PMID: 23343343 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Following mitosis, cytoplasm, organelles and genetic material are partitioned into daughter cells through the process of cytokinesis. In somatic cells of higher plants, two cytoskeletal arrays, the preprophase band and the phragmoplast, facilitate the positioning and de novo assembly of the plant-specific cytokinetic organelle, the cell plate, which develops across the division plane and fuses with the parental plasma membrane to yield distinct new cells. The coordination of cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics required to initiate, assemble and shape the cell plate as it grows toward the mother cell cortex is dependent upon a large array of proteins, including molecular motors, membrane tethering, fusion and restructuring factors and biosynthetic, structural and regulatory elements. This review focuses on the temporal and molecular requirements of cytokinesis in somatic cells of higher plants gleaned from recent studies using cell biology, genetics, pharmacology and biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M McMichael
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI, 53713, USA
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI, 53713, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yanagisawa M, Zhang C, Szymanski DB. ARP2/3-dependent growth in the plant kingdom: SCARs for life. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:166. [PMID: 23802001 PMCID: PMC3689024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the human experience SCARs (suppressor of cAMP receptors) are permanent reminders of past events, not always based on bad decisions, but always those in which an interplay of opposing forces leaves behind a clear record in the form of some permanent watery mark. During plant morphogenesis, SCARs are important proteins that reflect an unusual evolutionary outcome, in which the plant kingdom relies heavily on this single class of actin-related protein (ARP) 2/3 complex activator to dictate the time and place of actin filament nucleation. This unusually simple arrangement may serve as a permanent reminder that cell shape control in plants is fundamentally different from that of crawling cells in mammals that use the power of actin polymerization to define and maintain cell shape. In plant cells, actin filaments indirectly affect cell shape by determining the transport properties of organelles and cargo molecules that modulate the mechanical properties of the wall. It is becoming increasingly clear that polarized bundles of actin filaments operate at whole cell spatial scales to organize the cytoplasm and dictate the patterns of long-distance intracellular transport and secretion. The number of actin-binding proteins and actin filament nucleators that are known to participate in the process of actin network formation are rapidly increasing. In plants, formins and ARP2/3 are two important actin filament nucleators. This review will focus on ARP2/3, and the apparent reliance of most plant species on the SCAR/WAVE (WASP family verprolin homologous) regulatory complex as the sole pathway for ARP2/3 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of CaliforniaRiverside, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Szymanski
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- *Correspondence: Daniel B. Szymanski, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 1150 Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1150, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang C, Mallery EL, Szymanski DB. ARP2/3 localization in Arabidopsis leaf pavement cells: a diversity of intracellular pools and cytoskeletal interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:238. [PMID: 23874346 PMCID: PMC3709099 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells the actin cytoskeleton adopts many configurations, but is best understood as an unstable, interconnected track that rearranges to define the patterns of long distance transport of organelles during growth. Actin filaments do not form spontaneously; instead filament nucleators, such as the evolutionarily conserved actin-related protein (ARP) 2/3 complex, can efficiently generate new actin filament networks when in a fully activated state. A growing number of genetic experiments have shown that ARP2/3 is necessary for morphogenesis in processes that range from tip growth during root nodule formation to the diffuse polarized growth of leaf trichomes and pavement cells. Although progress has been rapid in the identification of proteins that function in series to positively regulate ARP2/3, less has been learned about the actual function of ARP2/3 in cells. In this paper, we analyze the localization of ARP2/3 in Arabidopsis leaf pavement cells. We detect a pool of ARP2/3 in the nucleus, and also find that ARP2/3 is efficiently and specifically clustered on multiple organelle surfaces and associates with both the actin filament and microtubule cytoskeletons. Our mutant analyses and ARP2/3 and actin double labeling experiments indicate that the clustering of ARP2/3 on organelle surfaces and an association with actin bundles does not necessarily reflect an active pool of ARP2/3, and instead most of the complex appears to exist as a latent organelle-associated pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Daniel B. Szymanski
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biology, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- *Correspondence: Daniel B. Szymanski, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, Lily Hall of Life Sciences, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brieher WM, Yap AS. Cadherin junctions and their cytoskeleton(s). Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 25:39-46. [PMID: 23127608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Classical cadherin adhesion receptors exert many of their biological effects through close cooperation with the cytoskeleton. Much attention has focused on attempting to understand the physical interactions between cadherin molecular complexes and cortical actin filaments. In this review we aim to draw attention to other issues that highlight the diverse and dynamic cytoskeletons that contribute to cadherin function. First, we discuss the regulation of actin filament dynamics in the cadherin-based junctional cytoskeleton, focusing on the emerging role of Arp2/3 as a junctional actin nucleator and its implications for actin homeostasis at junctions. Second, we review recent developments in understanding the impact of microtubules on cadherin function. Together, these emphasize that cadherins cooperate with multiple dynamic cytoskeletal networks at cell-cell junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Brieher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pei W, Du F, Zhang Y, He T, Ren H. Control of the actin cytoskeleton in root hair development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 187:10-8. [PMID: 22404828 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of root hair includes four stages: bulge site selection, bulge formation, tip growth, and maturation. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in all of these stages and is organized into distinct arrangements in the different stages. In addition to the actin configuration, actin isoforms also play distinct roles in the different stages. The actin cytoskeleton is regulated by actin-binding proteins, such as formin, Arp2/3 complex, profilin, actin depolymerizing factor, and villin. Some upstream signals, i.e. calcium, phospholipids, and small GTPase regulate the activity of these actin-binding proteins to produce the proper actin configuration. We constructed a working model on how the actin cytoskeleton is controlled by actin-binding proteins and upstream signaling in root hair development based on the current literature: at the tip of hairs, actin polymerization appears to be facilitated by Arp2/3 complex that is activated by small GTPase, and profilin that is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Meanwhile, actin depolymerization and turnover are likely mediated by villin and actin depolymerizing factor, which are stimulated by calcium. At the shank, actin cables are produced by formin and villin. Under the complicated interaction, the actin cytoskeleton is controlled spatially and temporally during root hair development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weike Pei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiang K, Sorefan K, Deeks MJ, Bevan MW, Hussey PJ, Hetherington AM. The ARP2/3 complex mediates guard cell actin reorganization and stomatal movement in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:2031-40. [PMID: 22570440 PMCID: PMC3442585 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.096263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guard cell actin reorganization has been observed in stomatal responses to a wide array of stimuli. However, how the guard cell signaling machinery regulates actin dynamics is poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of an allele of the Arabidopsis thaliana ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN C2/DISTORTED TRICHOMES2 (ARPC2) locus (encoding the ARPC2 subunit of the ARP2/3 complex) designated high sugar response3 (hsr3). The hsr3 mutant showed increased transpirational water loss that was mainly due to a lesion in stomatal regulation. Stomatal bioassay analyses revealed that guard cell sensitivity to external stimuli, such as abscisic acid (ABA), CaCl(2), and light/dark transition, was reduced or abolished in hsr3. Analysis of a nonallelic mutant of the ARP2/3 complex suggested no pleiotropic effect of ARPC2 beyond its function in the complex in regard to stomatal regulation. When treated with ABA, guard cell actin filaments underwent fast disruption in wild-type plants, whereas those in hsr3 remained largely bundled. The ABA insensitivity phenotype of hsr3 was rescued by cytochalasin D treatment, suggesting that the aberrant stomatal response was a consequence of bundled actin filaments. Our work indicates that regulation of actin reassembly through ARP2/3 complex activity is crucial for stomatal regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Sorefan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Deeks
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Bevan
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J. Hussey
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Poulter NS, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE. Proteins implicated in mediating self-incompatibility-induced alterations to the actin cytoskeleton of Papaver pollen. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:659-75. [PMID: 21320881 PMCID: PMC3170148 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sexual reproduction in angiosperms involves a network of signalling and interactions between pollen and pistil. To promote out-breeding, an additional layer of interactions, involving self-incompatibility (SI), is used to prevent self-fertilization. SI is generally controlled by the S-locus, and comprises allelic pollen and pistil S-determinants. This provides the basis of recognition, and consequent rejection, of incompatible pollen. In Papaver rhoeas, SI involves interaction of pistil PrsS and pollen PrpS, triggering a Ca(2+)-dependent signalling network. This results in rapid and distinctive alterations to both the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton being triggered in 'self' pollen. Some of these alterations are implicated in mediating programmed cell death, involving activation of several caspase-like proteases. SCOPE Here we review and discuss our current understanding of the cytoskeletal alterations induced in incompatible pollen during SI and their relationship with programmed cell death. We focus on data relating to the formation of F-actin punctate foci, which have, to date, not been well characterized. The identification of two actin-binding proteins that interact with these structures are reviewed. Using an approach that enriched for F-actin from SI-induced pollen tubes using affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry, further proteins were identified as putative interactors with the F-actin foci in an SI situation. KEY RESULTS Previously two important actin-binding proteins, CAP and ADF, had been identified whose localization altered with SI, both showing co-localization with the F-actin punctate foci based on immunolocalization studies. Further analysis has identified differences between proteins associated with F-actin from SI-induced pollen samples and those associated with F-actin in untreated pollen. This provides candidate proteins implicated in either the formation or stabilization of the punctate actin structures formed during SI. CONCLUSIONS This review brings together for the first time, our current understanding of proteins and events involved in SI-induced signalling to the actin cytoskeleton in incompatible Papaver pollen.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang XL, Gao XQ, Wang XC. Stochastic dynamics of actin filaments in guard cells regulating chloroplast localization during stomatal movement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1248-57. [PMID: 21443604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Actin filaments and chloroplasts in guard cells play roles in stomatal function. However, detailed actin dynamics vary, and the roles that they play in chloroplast localization during stomatal movement remain to be determined. We examined the dynamics of actin filaments and chloroplast localization in transgenic tobacco expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-mouse talin in guard cells by time-lapse imaging. Actin filaments showed sliding, bundling and branching dynamics in moving guard cells. During stomatal movement, long filaments can be severed into small fragments, which can form longer filaments by end-joining activities. With chloroplast movement, actin filaments near chloroplasts showed severing and elongation activity in guard cells during stomatal movement. Cytochalasin B treatment abolished elongation, bundling and branching activities of actin filaments in guard cells, and these changes of actin filaments, and as a result, more chloroplasts were localized at the centre of guard cells. However, chloroplast turning to avoid high light, and sliding of actin fragments near the chloroplast, was unaffected following cytochalasin B treatment in guard cells. We suggest that the sliding dynamics of actin may play roles in chloroplast turning in guard cells. Our results indicate that the stochastic dynamics of actin filaments in guard cells regulate chloroplast localization during stomatal movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
A plant cocktail amenable for PCR-based genetic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:5281-4. [PMID: 21243438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extraction of plant genomic DNA for subsequent genetic studies is often lengthy and difficult. In addition, it requires the use of toxic reagents that remove secondary plant products, which otherwise interfere with the polymerase chain reaction steps. Here we describe a simple cost-efficient one-step protocol for PCR-based analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. This protocol is quick, performed at room temperature without the need for DNA extraction. Potential applications in higher plants are here discussed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Blanchoin L, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Henty JL, Khurana P, Staiger CJ. Actin dynamics in plant cells: a team effort from multiple proteins orchestrates this very fast-paced game. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 13:714-23. [PMID: 20970372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gazing at a giant redwood tree in the Pacific Northwest, that has grown to enormous heights over centuries, does little to convince one that plants are built for speed and versatility. Even at the cellular level, a system of polymers-the cell skeleton or cytoskeleton-integrates signals and generates subcellular structures spanning scales of a few nanometers to hundreds of micrometers that coordinate cell growth. The term cytoskeleton itself connotes a stable structure. Clearly, this is not the case. Recent studies using advanced imaging modalities reveal the plant actin cytoskeleton to be a highly dynamic, ever changing assemblage of polymers. These insights along with growing evidence about the biochemical/biophysical properties of plant cytoskeletal polymers, especially those obtained by single filament imaging and reconstituted systems of purified proteins analyzed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, allow the generation of a unique model for the dynamic turnover of actin filaments, termed stochastic dynamics. Here, we review several significant advances and highlight opportunities that will position plants at the vanguard of research on actin organization and turnover. A challenge for the future will be to apply the power of reverse-genetics in several model organisms to test the molecular details of this new model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Blanchoin
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant - iRTSV, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique /Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, CEA Grenoble, F38054, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|