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Zhai D, Zhang LY, Li LZ, Xu ZG, Liu XL, Shang GD, Zhao B, Gao J, Wang FX, Wang JW. Reciprocal conversion between annual and polycarpic perennial flowering behavior in the Brassicaceae. Cell 2024; 187:3319-3337.e18. [PMID: 38810645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The development of perennial crops holds great promise for sustainable agriculture and food security. However, the evolution of the transition between perenniality and annuality is poorly understood. Here, using two Brassicaceae species, Crucihimalaya himalaica and Erysimum nevadense, as polycarpic perennial models, we reveal that the transition from polycarpic perennial to biennial and annual flowering behavior is a continuum determined by the dosage of three closely related MADS-box genes. Diversification of the expression patterns, functional strengths, and combinations of these genes endows species with the potential to adopt various life-history strategies. Remarkably, we find that a single gene among these three is sufficient to convert winter-annual or annual Brassicaceae plants into polycarpic perennial flowering plants. Our work delineates a genetic basis for the evolution of diverse life-history strategies in plants and lays the groundwork for the generation of diverse perennial Brassicaceae crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Zi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou-Geng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guan-Dong Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Lei Y, Gao J, Li Y, Song C, Guo Q, Guo L, Hou X. Functional Characterization of PoEP1 in Regulating the Flowering Stage of Tree Peony. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1642. [PMID: 38931074 PMCID: PMC11207526 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The tree peony, a traditional flower in China, has a short and concentrated flowering period, restricting the development of the tree peony industry. To explore the molecular mechanism of tree peony flowering-stage regulation, PoEP1, which regulated the flowering period, was identified and cloned based on the transcriptome and degradome data of the early-flowering mutant Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' (MU) and Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' (FD). Through bioinformatics analysis, expression pattern analysis, and transgene function verification, the role of PoEP1 in the regulation of tree peony flowering was explored. The open-reading frame of PoEP1 is 1161 bp, encoding 386 amino acids, containing two conserved domains. PoEP1 was homologous to the EP1 of other species. Subcellular localization results showed that the protein was localized in the cell wall and that PoEP1 expression was highest in the initial decay stage of the tree peony. The overexpression of PoEP1 in transgenic plants advanced and shortened the flowering time, indicating that PoEP1 overexpression promotes flowering and senescence and shorten the flowering time of plants. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for exploring the role of PoEP1 in the regulation of tree peony flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lili Guo
- College of Agronomy/Tree Peony, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Q.G.)
| | - Xiaogai Hou
- College of Agronomy/Tree Peony, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.G.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (Q.G.)
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Landoni B, Suárez-Montes P, Habeahan RHF, Brennan AC, Pérez-Barrales R. Local climate and vernalization sensitivity predict the latitudinal patterns of flowering onset in the crop wild relative Linum bienne Mill. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:117-130. [PMID: 38482916 PMCID: PMC11161566 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The timing of flowering onset is often correlated with latitude, indicative of climatic gradients. Flowering onset in temperate species commonly requires exposure to cold temperatures, known as vernalization. Hence, population differentiation of flowering onset with latitude might reflect adaptation to the local climatic conditions experienced by populations. METHODS Within its western range, seeds from Linum bienne populations (the wild relative of cultivated Linum usitatissimum) were used to describe the latitudinal differentiation of flowering onset to determine its association with the local climate of the population. A vernalization experiment including different crop cultivars was used to determine how vernalization accelerates flowering onset, in addition to the vernalization sensitivity response among populations and cultivars. Additionally, genetic differentiation of L. bienne populations along the latitudinal range was scrutinized using microsatellite markers. KEY RESULTS Flowering onset varied with latitude of origin, with southern populations flowering earlier than their northern counterparts. Vernalization reduced the number of days to flowering onset, but vernalization sensitivity was greater in northern populations compared with southern ones. Conversely, vernalization delayed flowering onset in the crop, exhibiting less variation in sensitivity. In L. bienne, both flowering onset and vernalization sensitivity were better predicted by the local climate of the population than by latitude itself. Microsatellite data unveiled genetic differentiation of populations, forming two groups geographically partitioned along latitude. CONCLUSIONS The consistent finding of latitudinal variation across experiments suggests that both flowering onset and vernalization sensitivity in L. bienne populations are under genetic regulation and might depend on climatic cues at the place of origin. The association with climatic gradients along latitude suggests that the climate experienced locally drives population differentiation of the flowering onset and vernalization sensitivity patterns. The genetic population structure suggests that past population history could have influenced the flowering initiation patterns detected, which deserves further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Landoni
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rocío Pérez-Barrales
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Botany Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Abdulla MF, Mostafa K, Kavas M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of FT/TFL1 in petunia improves plant architecture and early flowering. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:69. [PMID: 38842584 PMCID: PMC11156739 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Petunias are renowned ornamental species widely cultivated as pot plants for their aesthetic appeal both indoors and outdoors. The preference for pot plants depends on their compact growth habit and abundant flowering. While genome editing has gained significant popularity in many crop plants in addressing growth and development and abiotic and biotic stress factors, relatively less emphasis has been placed on its application in ornamental plant species. Genome editing in ornamental plants opens up possibilities for enhancing their aesthetic qualities, offering innovative opportunities for manipulating plant architecture and visual appeal through precise genetic modifications. In this study, we aimed to optimize the procedure for an efficient genome editing system in petunia plants using the highly efficient multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 system. Specifically, we targeted a total of six genes in Petunia which are associated with plant architecture traits, two paralogous of FLOWERING LOCUS T (PhFT) and four TERMINAL FLOWER-LIKE1 (PhTFL1) paralogous genes separately in two constructs. We successfully induced homogeneous and heterogeneous indels in the targeted genes through precise genome editing, resulting in significant phenotypic alterations in petunia. Notably, the plants harboring edited PhTFL1 and PhFT exhibited a conspicuously early flowering time in comparison to the wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, mutants with alterations in the PhTFL1 demonstrated shorter internodes than wild-type, likely by downregulating the gibberellic acid pathway genes PhGAI, creating a more compact and aesthetically appealing phenotype. This study represents the first successful endeavor to produce compact petunia plants with increased flower abundance through genome editing. Our approach holds immense promise to improve economically important potting plants like petunia and serve as a potential foundation for further improvements in similar ornamental plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Farah Abdulla
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
| | - Karam Mostafa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey
- The Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Musa Kavas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey.
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Zuo X, Wang S, Liu X, Tang T, Li Y, Tong L, Shah K, Ma J, An N, Zhao C, Xing L, Zhang D. FLOWERING LOCUS T1 and TERMINAL FLOWER1 regulatory networks mediate flowering initiation in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:580-597. [PMID: 38366880 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Flower bud formation is a critical process that directly determines yield and fruit quality in fruit crops. Floral induction is modulated by the balance between 2 flowering-related proteins, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1); however, the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of this dynamic balance remain largely elusive. Here, we showed that in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), MdFT1 is predominantly expressed in spur buds and exhibits an increase in expression coinciding with flower induction; in contrast, MdTFL1 exhibited downregulation in apices during flower induction, suggesting that MdTFL1 has a role in floral repression. Interestingly, both the MdFT1 and MdTFL1 transcripts are directly regulated by transcription factor basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX48 (MdbHLH48), and overexpression of MdbHLH48 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) results in accelerated flowering. Binding and activation analyses revealed that MdbHLH48 functions as a positive regulator of MdFT1 and a negative regulator of MdTFL1. Further studies established that both MdFT1 and MdTFL1 interact competitively with MdWRKY6 protein to facilitate and inhibit, respectively, MdWRKY6-mediated transcriptional activation of target gene APPLE FLORICAULA/LFY (AFL1, an apple LEAFY-like gene), ultimately regulating apple flower bud formation. These findings illustrate the fine-tuned regulation of flowering by the MdbHLH48-MdFT1/MdTFL1-MdWRKY6 module and provide insights into flower bud formation in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ting Tang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Youmei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lu Tong
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kamran Shah
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Coen E, Prusinkiewicz P. Developmental timing in plants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2674. [PMID: 38531864 PMCID: PMC10965974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants exhibit reproducible timing of developmental events at multiple scales, from switches in cell identity to maturation of the whole plant. Control of developmental timing likely evolved for similar reasons that humans invented clocks: to coordinate events. However, whereas clocks are designed to run independently of conditions, plant developmental timing is strongly dependent on growth and environment. Using simplified models to convey key concepts, we review how growth-dependent and inherent timing mechanisms interact with the environment to control cyclical and progressive developmental transitions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Coen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Chiteri KO, Rairdin A, Sandhu K, Redsun S, Farmer A, O'Rourke JA, Cannon SB, Singh A. Combining GWAS and comparative genomics to fine map candidate genes for days to flowering in mung bean. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:270. [PMID: 38475739 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), is an important pulse crop in the global south. Early flowering and maturation are advantageous traits for adaptation to northern and southern latitudes. This study investigates the genetic basis of the Days-to-Flowering trait (DTF) in mung bean, combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in mung bean and comparisons with orthologous genes involved with control of DTF responses in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). RESULTS The most significant associations for DTF were on mung bean chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. Only the SNPs on chromosomes 1 and 4 were heavily investigated using downstream analysis. The chromosome 1 DTF association is tightly linked with a cluster of locally duplicated FERONIA (FER) receptor-like protein kinase genes, and the SNP occurs within one of the FERONIA genes. In Arabidopsis, an orthologous FERONIA gene (AT3G51550), has been reported to regulate the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). For the chromosome 4 DTF locus, the strongest candidates are Vradi04g00002773 and Vradi04g00002778, orthologous to the Arabidopsis PhyA and PIF3 genes, encoding phytochrome A (a photoreceptor protein sensitive to red to far-red light) and phytochrome-interacting factor 3, respectively. The soybean PhyA orthologs include the classical loci E3 and E4 (genes GmPhyA3, Glyma.19G224200, and GmPhyA2, Glyma.20G090000). The mung bean PhyA ortholog has been previously reported as a candidate for DTF in studies conducted in South Korea. CONCLUSION The top two identified SNPs accounted for a significant proportion (~ 65%) of the phenotypic variability in mung bean DTF by the six significant SNPs (39.61%), with a broad-sense heritability of 0.93. The strong associations of DTF with genes that have orthologs with analogous functions in soybean and Arabidopsis provide strong circumstantial evidence that these genes are causal for this trait. The three reported loci and candidate genes provide useful targets for marker-assisted breeding in mung beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Chiteri
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashlyn Rairdin
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Sven Redsun
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, United States
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, United States
| | - Jamie A O'Rourke
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects, and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Steven B Cannon
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects, and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
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Kumar A, Mushtaq M, Kumar P, Sharma DP, Gahlaut V. Insights into flowering mechanisms in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) amidst climate change: An exploration of genetic and epigenetic factors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130593. [PMID: 38408683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) holds a prominent position among global temperate fruit crops, with flowering playing a crucial role in both production and breeding. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms governing apple flowering amidst the backdrop of climate change, acknowledging the profound influence of external and internal factors on biennial bearing, flower bud quality, and ultimately, fruit quality. Notably, the challenge faced in major apple production regions is not an inadequacy of flowers but an excess, leading to compromised fruit quality necessitating thinning practices. Climate change exacerbates these challenges, rendering apple trees more susceptible to crop failure due to unusual weather events, such as reduced winter snowfall, early spring cold weather, and hailstorms during flowering and fruit setting. Altered climatic conditions, exemplified by increased spring warming coupled with sub-freezing temperatures, negatively impact developing flower buds and decrease overall crop production. Furthermore, changing winter conditions affect chilling accumulation, disrupting flower development and synchronicity. Although the physiological perception of apple flowering has been reviewed in the past, the genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics regulatory mechanisms governing floral induction and flowering are still rarely discussed in the case of apple flowering. This article comprehensively reviews the latest literature encompassing all aspects of apple flowering, aiming to broaden our understanding and address flowering challenges while also laying a solid foundation for future research in developing cultivars that are ideally adapted to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Kumar
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bhajol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India.
| | - Dharam Paul Sharma
- Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India.
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Guerrero C, Cerezo S, Feito I, Rodríguez L, Samach A, Mercado JA, Pliego-Alfaro F, Palomo-Ríos E. Effect of heterologous expression of FT gene from Medicago truncatula in growth and flowering behavior of olive plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1323087. [PMID: 38455727 PMCID: PMC10917891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1323087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is one of the most important crops of the Mediterranean Basin and temperate areas worldwide. Obtaining new olive varieties adapted to climatic changing conditions and to modern agricultural practices, as well as other traits such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance and increased oil quality, is currently required; however, the long juvenile phase, as in most woody plants, is the bottleneck in olive breeding programs. Overexpression of genes encoding the 'florigen' Flowering Locus T (FT), can cause the loss of the juvenile phase in many perennials including olives. In this investigation, further characterization of three transgenic olive lines containing an FT encoding gene from Medicago truncatula, MtFTa1, under the 35S CaMV promoter, was carried out. While all three lines flowered under in vitro conditions, one of the lines stopped flowering after acclimatisation. In soil, all three lines exhibited a modified plant architecture; e.g., a continuous branching behaviour and a dwarfing growth habit. Gene expression and hormone content in shoot tips, containing the meristems from which this phenotype emerged, were examined. Higher levels of OeTFL1, a gene encoding the flowering repressor TERMINAL FLOWER 1, correlated with lack of flowering. The branching phenotype correlated with higher content of salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and isopentenyl adenosine, and lower content of abscisic acid. The results obtained confirm that heterologous expression of MtFTa1 in olive induced continuous flowering independently of environmental factors, but also modified plant architecture. These phenotypical changes could be related to the altered hormonal content in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Guerrero
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga, Spanish National Research Council (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Cerezo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga, Spanish National Research Council (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Feito
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Asturias, Finca Experimental “La Mata”, Grado, Spain
| | - Lucía Rodríguez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario de Asturias, Finca Experimental “La Mata”, Grado, Spain
| | - Alon Samach
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - José A. Mercado
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga, Spanish National Research Council (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Pliego-Alfaro
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga, Spanish National Research Council (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Palomo-Ríos
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga, Spanish National Research Council (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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Liu J, Miao P, Qin W, Hu W, Wei Z, Ding W, Zhang H, Wang Z. A novel single nucleotide mutation of TFL1 alters the plant architecture of Gossypium arboreum through changing the pre-mRNA splicing. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:26. [PMID: 38155318 PMCID: PMC10754752 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A single nucleotide mutation from G to A at the 201st position changed the 5' splice site and deleted 31 amino acids in the first exon of GaTFL1. Growth habit is an important agronomic trait that plays a decisive role in the plant architecture and crop yield. Cotton (Gossypium) tends to indeterminate growth, which is unsuitable for the once-over mechanical harvest system. Here, we identified a determinate growth mutant (dt1) in Gossypium arboreum by EMS mutagenesis, in which the main axis was terminated with the shoot apical meristem (SAM) converted into flowers. The map-based cloning of the dt1 locus showed a single nucleotide mutation from G to A at the 201st positions in TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (GaTFL1), which changed the alternative RNA 5' splice site and resulted in 31 amino acids deletion and loss of function of GaTFL1. Comparative transcriptomic RNA-Seq analysis identified many transporters responsible for the phytohormones, auxin, sugar, and flavonoids, which may function downstream of GaTFL1 to involve the plant architecture regulation. These findings indicate a novel alternative splicing mechanism involved in the post-transcriptional modification and TFL1 may function upstream of the auxin and sugar pathways through mediating their transport to determine the SAM fate and coordinate the vegetative and reproductive development from the SAM of the plant, which provides clues for the TFL1 mechanism in plant development regulation and provide research strategies for plant architecture improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pengfei Miao
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wusi Ding
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
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11
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Zhao X, Li Y, Zhang MM, He X, Ahmad S, Lan S, Liu ZJ. Research advances on the gene regulation of floral development and color in orchids. Gene 2023; 888:147751. [PMID: 37657689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae is one of the largest monocotyledon families and contributes significantly to worldwide biodiversity, with value in the fields of landscaping, medicine, and ecology. The diverse phenotypes and vibrant colors of orchid floral organs make them excellent research objects for investigating flower development and pigmentation. In recent years, a number of orchid genomes have been published, laying the molecular foundation for revealing flower development and color presentation. In this article, we review transcription factors, the structural genes responsible for the floral pigment synthesis pathways, the molecular mechanisms of flower morphogenesis, and the potential relationship between flower type and flower color. This study provides a theoretical reference for the research on molecular mechanisms related to flower morphogenesis and color presentation, genetic improvement, and new variety creation in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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12
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Majee A, Kumari D, Sane VA, Singh RK. Novel roles of HSFs and HSPs, other than relating to heat stress, in temperature-mediated flowering. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1103-1106. [PMID: 37615541 PMCID: PMC10809051 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermotolerant ability of heat shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in plants has been shown. Recently, focus has been on their function in plant growth and development under non-stress conditions. Their role in flowering has been suggested given that lower levels of HSF/HSPs resulted in altered flowering in Arabidopsis. Genetic and molecular studies of Arabidopsis HSF/HSP mutants advocated an association with temperature-mediated regulation of flowering, but the fundamental genetic mechanism behind this phenomenon remains obscure. Here we outline plausible integration between HSFs/HSPs and temperature-dependent pathways in plants regulating flowering. Moreover, we discuss how similar pathways can be present in thermoperiodic geophytic plants that require ambient high temperatures for flowering induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adity Majee
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Diksha Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
| | - Vidhu A Sane
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India
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13
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Yuan C, Hu Y, Liu Q, Xu J, Zhou W, Yu H, Shen L, Qin C. MED8 regulates floral transition in Arabidopsis by interacting with FPA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1234-1247. [PMID: 37565662 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Success in plant reproduction is highly dependent on the correct timing of the floral transition, which is tightly regulated by the flowering pathways. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the central flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is precisely regulated by multiple flowering time regulators in the vernalization pathway and autonomous pathway, including FPA. Here we report that Arabidopsis MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 8 (MED8) promotes floral transition in Arabidopsis by recruiting FPA to the FLC locus to repress FLC expression. Loss of MED8 function leads to a significant late-flowering phenotype due to increased FLC expression. We further show that MED8 directly interacts with FPA in the nucleus and recruits FPA to the FLC locus. Moreover, MED8 is indispensable for FPA's function in controlling flowering time and regulating FLC expression. Our study thus reveals a flowering mechanism by which the Mediator subunit MED8 represses FLC expression by facilitating the binding of FPA to the FLC locus to ensure appropriate timing of flowering for reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yikai Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qinggang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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14
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Zhao X, Liu W, Aiwaili P, Zhang H, Xu Y, Gu Z, Gao J, Hong B. PHOTOLYASE/BLUE LIGHT RECEPTOR2 regulates chrysanthemum flowering by compensating for gibberellin perception. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2848-2864. [PMID: 37723123 PMCID: PMC10663108 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellins (GAs) receptor GA INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) plays a central role in GA signal perception and transduction. The typical photoperiodic plant chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) only flowers when grown in short-day photoperiods. In addition, chrysanthemum flowering is also controlled by the aging pathway, but whether and how GAs participate in photoperiod- and age-dependent regulation of flowering remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that photoperiod affects CmGID1B expression in response to GAs and developmental age. Moreover, we identified PHOTOLYASE/BLUE LIGHT RECEPTOR2, an atypical photocleavage synthase, as a CRYPTOCHROME-INTERACTING bHLH1 interactor with which it forms a complex in response to short days to activate CmGID1B transcription. Knocking down CmGID1B raised endogenous bioactive GA contents and GA signal perception, in turn modulating the expression of the aging-related genes MicroRNA156 and SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE3. We propose that exposure to short days accelerates the juvenile-to-adult transition by increasing endogenous GA contents and response to GAs, leading to entry into floral transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Palinuer Aiwaili
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyu Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Rehman S, Bahadur S, Xia W. An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants. Gene 2023; 885:147699. [PMID: 37567454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The floral initiation in angiosperms is a complex process influenced by endogenous and exogenous signals. With this approach, we aim to provide a comprehensive review to integrate this complex floral regulatory process and summarize the regulatory genes and their functions in annuals and perennials. Seven primary paths leading to flowering have been discovered in Arabidopsis under several growth condition that include; photoperiod, ambient temperature, vernalization, gibberellins, autonomous, aging and carbohydrates. These pathways involve a series of interlinked signaling pathways that respond to both internal and external signals, such as light, temperature, hormones, and developmental cues, to coordinate the expression of genes that are involved in flower development. Among them, the photoperiodic pathway was the most important and conserved as some of the fundamental loci and mechanisms are shared even by closely related plant species. The activation of floral regulatory genes such as FLC, FT, LFY, and SOC1 that determine floral meristem identity and the transition to the flowering stage result from the merging of these pathways. Recent studies confirmed that alternative splicing, antisense RNA and epigenetic modification play crucial roles by regulating the expression of genes related to blooming. In this review, we documented recent progress in the floral transition time in annuals and perennials, with emphasis on the specific regulatory mechanisms along with the application of various molecular approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference and Virus-induced flowering. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between annual and perennial flowering will aid significant contributions to the field by elucidating the mechanisms of perennial plant development and floral initiation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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16
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Qiao P, Li X, Liu D, Lu S, Zhi L, Rysbekova A, Chen L, Hu YG. Mining novel genomic regions and candidate genes of heading and flowering dates in bread wheat by SNP- and haplotype-based GWAS. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:76. [PMID: 37873506 PMCID: PMC10587053 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global staple crop vital for human nutrition. Heading date (HD) and flowering date (FD) are critical traits influencing wheat growth, development, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. A comprehensive study were conducted involving 190 bread wheat accessions to unravel the genetic basis of HD and FD using high-throughput genotyping and multi-environment field trials. Seven independent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified to be significantly associated with HD and FD using two GWAS methods, which explained a proportion of phenotypic variance ranging from 1.43% to 9.58%. Notably, QTLs overlapping with known vernalization genes Vrn-D1 were found, validating their roles in regulating flowering time. Moreover, novel QTLs on chromosome 2A, 5B, 5D, and 7B associated with HD and FD were identified. The effects of these QTLs on HD and FD were confirmed in an additional set of 74 accessions across different environments. An increase in the frequency of alleles associated with early flowering in cultivars released in recent years was also observed, suggesting the influence of molecular breeding strategies. In summary, this study enhances the understanding of the genetic regulation of HD and FD in bread wheat, offering valuable insights into crop improvement for enhanced adaptability and productivity under changing climatic conditions. These identified QTLs and associated markers have the potential to improve wheat breeding programs in developing climate-resilient varieties to ensure food security. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01422-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfang Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Dezheng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Shan Lu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Zhi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Aiman Rysbekova
- S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro-Technical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yin-gang Hu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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17
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Lee Z, Kim S, Choi SJ, Joung E, Kwon M, Park HJ, Shim JS. Regulation of Flowering Time by Environmental Factors in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3680. [PMID: 37960036 PMCID: PMC10649094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The timing of floral transition is determined by both endogenous molecular pathways and external environmental conditions. Among these environmental conditions, photoperiod acts as a cue to regulate the timing of flowering in response to seasonal changes. Additionally, it has become clear that various environmental factors also control the timing of floral transition. Environmental factor acts as either a positive or negative signal to modulate the timing of flowering, thereby establishing the optimal flowering time to maximize the reproductive success of plants. This review aims to summarize the effects of environmental factors such as photoperiod, light intensity, temperature changes, vernalization, drought, and salinity on the regulation of flowering time in plants, as well as to further explain the molecular mechanisms that link environmental factors to the internal flowering time regulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zion Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Sohyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Su Jeong Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Eui Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Life Science, ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.C.); (E.J.)
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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18
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Karami O, Mueller-Roeber B, Rahimi A. The central role of stem cells in determining plant longevity variation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100566. [PMID: 36840355 PMCID: PMC10504568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants display a huge variety of longevity patterns, from a few weeks for several annual species up to thousands of years for some perennial species. Understanding how longevity variation is structured has long been considered a fundamental aspect of the life sciences in view of evolution, species distribution, and adaptation to diverse environments. Unlike animals, whose organs are typically formed during embryogenesis, vascular plants manage to extend their life by continuously producing new tissues and organs in apical and lateral directions via proliferation of stem cells located within specialized tissues called meristems. Stem cells are the main source of plant longevity. Variation in plant longevity is highly dependent on the activity and fate identity of stem cells. Multiple developmental factors determine how stem cells contribute to variation in plant longevity. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and environmental factors involved in controlling plant longevity through long-term maintenance of stem cell fate identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
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19
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Chen G, Xu D, Liu Q, Yue Z, Dai B, Pan S, Chen Y, Feng X, Hu H. Regulation of FLC nuclear import by coordinated action of the NUP62-subcomplex and importin β SAD2. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2086-2106. [PMID: 37278318 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flowering locus C (FLC) is a central transcriptional repressor that controls flowering time. However, how FLC is imported into the nucleus is unknown. Here, we report that Arabidopsis nucleoporins 62 (NUP62), NUP58, and NUP54 composed NUP62-subcomplex modulates FLC nuclear import during floral transition in an importin α-independent manner, via direct interaction. NUP62 recruits FLC to the cytoplasmic filaments and imports it into the nucleus through the NUP62-subcomplex composed central channel. Importin β supersensitive to ABA and drought 2 (SAD2), a carrier protein, is critical for FLC nuclear import and flower transition, which facilitates FLC import into the nucleus mainly through the NUP62-subcomplex. Proteomics, RNA-seq, and cell biological analyses indicate that the NUP62-subcomplex mainly mediates the nuclear import of cargos with unconventional nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), such as FLC. Our findings illustrate the mechanisms of the NUP62-subcomplex and SAD2 on FLC nuclear import process and floral transition, and provide insights into the role of NUP62-subcomplex and SAD2 in protein nucleocytoplasmic transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Danyun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhichuang Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Biao Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shujuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinhua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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20
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Li C, Lai X, Yu X, Xiong Z, Chen J, Lang X, Feng H, Wan X, Liu K. Plant long noncoding RNAs: Recent progress in understanding their roles in growth, development, and stress responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:270-277. [PMID: 37311264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts are longer than 200 nt and are not translated into proteins. LncRNAs function in a wide variety of processes in plants and animals, but, perhaps because of their lower expression and conservation levels, plant lncRNAs had attracted less attention than protein-coding mRNAs. Now, recent studies have made remarkable progress in identifying lncRNAs and understanding their functions. In this review, we discuss a number of lncRNAs that have important functions in growth, development, reproduction, responses to abiotic stresses, and regulation of disease and insect resistance in plants. Additionally, we describe the known mechanisms of action of plant lncRNAs according to their origins within the genome. This review thus provides a guide for identifying and functionally characterizing new lncRNAs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xuanyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xingxuan Lang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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21
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Yu R, Xiong Z, Zhu X, Feng P, Hu Z, Fang R, Zhang Y, Liu Q. RcSPL1-RcTAF15b regulates the flowering time of rose ( Rosa chinensis). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad083. [PMID: 37323236 PMCID: PMC10266950 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa chinensis), which is an economically valuable floral species worldwide, has three types, namely once-flowering (OF), occasional or re-blooming (OR), and recurrent or continuous flowering (CF). However, the mechanism underlying the effect of the age pathway on the duration of the CF or OF juvenile phase is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that the RcSPL1 transcript levels were substantially upregulated during the floral development period in CF and OF plants. Additionally, accumulation of RcSPL1 protein was controlled by rch-miR156. The ectopic expression of RcSPL1 in Arabidopsis thaliana accelerated the vegetative phase transition and flowering. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of RcSPL1 in rose plants accelerated flowering, whereas silencing of RcSPL1 had the opposite phenotype. Accordingly, the transcription levels of floral meristem identity genes (APETALA1, FRUITFULL, and LEAFY) were significantly affected by the changes in RcSPL1 expression. RcTAF15b protein, which is an autonomous pathway protein, was revealed to interact with RcSPL1. The silencing and overexpression of RcTAF15b in rose plants led to delayed and accelerated flowering, respectively. Collectively, the study findings imply that RcSPL1-RcTAF15b modulates the flowering time of rose plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiying Xiong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinhui Zhu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Panpan Feng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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22
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Radjacommare R, Lin SY, Usharani R, Lin WD, Jauh GY, Schmidt W, Fu H. The Arabidopsis Deubiquitylase OTU5 Suppresses Flowering by Histone Modification-Mediated Activation of the Major Flowering Repressors FLC, MAF4, and MAF5. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076176. [PMID: 37047144 PMCID: PMC10093928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct phylogeny and substrate specificities suggest that 12 Arabidopsis Ovarian Tumor domain-containing (OTU) deubiquitinases participate in conserved or plant-specific functions. The otu5-1 null mutant displayed a pleiotropic phenotype, including early flowering, mimicking that of mutants harboring defects in subunits (e.g., ARP6) of the SWR1 complex (SWR1c) involved in histone H2A.Z deposition. Transcriptome and RT-qPCR analyses suggest that downregulated FLC and MAF4-5 are responsible for the early flowering of otu5-1. qChIP analyses revealed a reduction and increase in activating and repressive histone marks, respectively, on FLC and MAF4-5 in otu5-1. Subcellular fractionation, GFP-fusion expression, and MNase treatment of chromatin showed that OTU5 is nucleus-enriched and chromatin-associated. Moreover, OTU5 was found to be associated with FLC and MAF4-5. The OTU5-associated protein complex(es) appears to be distinct from SWR1c, as the molecular weights of OTU5 complex(es) were unaltered in arp6-1 plants. Furthermore, the otu5-1 arp6-1 double mutant exhibited synergistic phenotypes, and H2A.Z levels on FLC/MAF4-5 were reduced in arp6-1 but not otu5-1. Our results support the proposition that Arabidopsis OTU5, acting independently of SWR1c, suppresses flowering by activating FLC and MAF4-5 through histone modification. Double-mutant analyses also indicate that OTU5 acts independently of the HUB1-mediated pathway, but it is partially required for FLC-mediated flowering suppression in autonomous pathway mutants and FRIGIDA-Col.
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23
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Mitsui Y, Yokoyama H, Nakaegawa W, Tanaka K, Komatsu K, Koizuka N, Okuzaki A, Matsumoto T, Takahara M, Tabei Y. Epistatic interactions among multiple copies of FLC genes with naturally occurring insertions correlate with flowering time variation in radish. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plac066. [PMID: 36751367 PMCID: PMC9893874 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassicaceae crops, which underwent whole-genome triplication during their evolution, have multiple copies of flowering-related genes. Interactions among multiple gene copies may be involved in flowering time regulation; however, this mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we performed comprehensive, high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis to identify candidate genes involved in the extremely late-bolting (LB) trait in radish. Then, we examined the regulatory roles and interactions of radish FLOWERING LOCUS C (RsFLC) paralogs, the main flowering repressor candidates. Seven flowering integrator genes, five vernalization genes, nine photoperiodic/circadian clock genes and eight genes from other flowering pathways were differentially expressed in the early-bolting (EB) cultivar 'Aokubinagafuto' and LB radish cultivar 'Tokinashi' under different vernalization conditions. In the LB cultivar, RsFLC1 and RsFLC2 expression levels were maintained after 40 days of cold exposure. Bolting time was significantly correlated with the expression rates of RsFLC1 and RsFLC2. Using the EB × LB F2 population, we performed association analyses of genotypes with or without 1910- and 1627-bp insertions in the first introns of RsFLC1 and RsFLC2, respectively. The insertion alleles prevented the repression of their respective FLC genes under cold conditions. Interestingly, genotypes homozygous for RsFLC2 insertion alleles maintained high RsFLC1 and RsFLC3 expression levels under cold conditions, and two-way analysis of variance revealed that RsFLC1 and RsFLC3 expression was influenced by the RsFLC2 genotype. Our results indicate that insertions in the first introns of RsFLC1 and RsFLC2 contribute to the late-flowering trait in radish via different mechanisms. The RsFLC2 insertion allele conferred a strong delay in bolting by inhibiting the repression of all three RsFLC genes, suggesting that radish flowering time is determined by epistatic interactions among multiple FLC gene copies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hinano Yokoyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakaegawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Komatsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koizuka
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Ayako Okuzaki
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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24
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Johansson M, Steffen A, Lewinski M, Kobi N, Staiger D. HDF1, a novel flowering time regulator identified in a mutant suppressing sensitivity to red light reduced 1 early flowering. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1404. [PMID: 36697433 PMCID: PMC9876914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis SENSITIVITY TO RED LIGHT REDUCED 1 (SRR1) delays the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in noninductive conditions. A second-site suppressor screen for novel genes that overcome early flowering of srr1-1 identified a range of suppressor of srr1-1 mutants flowering later than srr1-1 in short photoperiods. Here, we focus on mutants flowering with leaf numbers intermediate between srr1-1 and Col. Ssm67 overcomes srr1-1 early flowering independently of day-length and ambient temperature. Full-genome sequencing and linkage mapping identified a causative SNP in a gene encoding a Haloacid dehalogenase superfamily protein, named HAD-FAMILY REGULATOR OF DEVELOPMENT AND FLOWERING 1 (HDF1). Both, ssm67 and hdf1-1 show increased levels of FLC, indicating that HDF1 is a novel regulator of this floral repressor. HDF1 regulates flowering largely independent of SRR1, as the effect is visible in srr1-1 and in Col, but full activity on FLC may require SRR1. Furthermore, srr1-1 has a delayed leaf initiation rate that is dependent on HDF1, suggesting that SRR1 and HDF1 act together in leaf initiation. Another mutant flowering intermediate between srr1-1 and wt, ssm15, was identified as a new allele of ARABIDOPSIS SUMO PROTEASE 1, previously implicated in the regulation of FLC stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Johansson
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Alexander Steffen
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martin Lewinski
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Natalie Kobi
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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25
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Lee A, Jung H, Park HJ, Jo SH, Jung M, Kim YS, Cho HS. Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1091563. [PMID: 36714709 PMCID: PMC9878124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) induce flowering by associating with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD and forming regulatory complexes in angiosperm species. However, the molecular mechanism of the FT-FD heterocomplex in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is unknown. In this study, we identified 12 BrPEBP genes and focused our functional analysis on four BrFT-like genes by overexpressing them individually in an FT loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. We determined that BrFT1 and BrFT2 promote flowering by upregulating the expression of floral meristem identity genes, whereas BrTSF and BrBFT, although close in sequence to their Arabidopsis counterparts, had no clear effect on flowering in either long- or short-day photoperiods. We also simultaneously genetically inactivated BrFT1 and BrFT2 in Chinese cabbage using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, which revealed that BrFT1 and BrFT2 may play key roles in inflorescence organogenesis as well as in the transition to flowering. We show that BrFT-like proteins, except for BrTSF, are functionally divided into FD interactors and non-interactors based on the presence of three specific amino acids in their C termini, as evidenced by the observed interconversion when these amino acids are mutated. Overall, this study reveals that although BrFT-like homologs are conserved, they may have evolved to exert functionally diverse functions in flowering via their potential to be associated with FD or independently from FD in Brassica rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemyeong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Jenong S&T, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the Mads-Box Transcription Factor Family in Solanum melongena. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010826. [PMID: 36614267 PMCID: PMC9821028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The MADS-box transcription factors are known to be involved in several aspects of plant growth and development, especially in floral organ specification. However, little is known in eggplant. Here, 120 eggplant MADS-box genes were identified and categorized into type II (MIKCC and MIKC*) and type I (Mα, Mβ, and Mγ) subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. The exon number in type II SmMADS-box genes was greater than that in type I SmMADS-box genes, and the K-box domain was unique to type II MADS-box TFs. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplications were the sole contributor to the expansion of type II genes. Cis-elements of MYB binding sites related to flavonoid biosynthesis were identified in three SmMADS-box promoters. Flower tissue-specific expression profiles showed that 46, 44, 38, and 40 MADS-box genes were expressed in the stamens, stigmas, petals, and pedicels, respectively. In the flowers of SmMYB113-overexpression transgenic plants, the expression levels of 3 SmMADS-box genes were co-regulated in different tissues with the same pattern. Correlation and protein interaction predictive analysis revealed six SmMADS-box genes that might be involved in the SmMYB113-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. This study will aid future studies aimed at functionally characterizing important members of the MADS-box gene family.
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27
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A Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) FLOWERING LOCUS C-like Gene, CsFLC1, Is Correlated to Bud Dormancy and Triggers Early Flowering in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415711. [PMID: 36555355 PMCID: PMC9779283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering and bud dormancy are crucial stages in the life cycle of perennial angiosperms in temperate climates. MADS-box family genes are involved in many plant growth and development processes. Here, we identified three MADS-box genes in tea plant belonging to the FLOWERING LOCUS C (CsFLC) family. We monitored CsFLC1 transcription throughout the year and found that CsFLC1 was expressed at a higher level during the winter bud dormancy and flowering phases. To clarify the function of CsFLC1, we developed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants heterologously expressing 35S::CsFLC1. These lines bolted and bloomed earlier than the WT (Col-0), and the seed germination rate was inversely proportional to the increased CsFLC1 expression level. The RNA-seq of 35S::CsFLC1 transgenic Arabidopsis showed that many genes responding to ageing, flower development and leaf senescence were affected, and phytohormone-related pathways were especially enriched. According to the results of hormone content detection and RNA transcript level analysis, CsFLC1 controls flowering time possibly by regulating SOC1, AGL42, SEP3 and AP3 and hormone signaling, accumulation and metabolism. This is the first time a study has identified FLC-like genes and characterized CsFLC1 in tea plant. Our results suggest that CsFLC1 might play dual roles in flowering and winter bud dormancy and provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of FLC in tea plants as well as other plant species.
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28
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Cheng G, Zhang F, Shu X, Wang N, Wang T, Zhuang W, Wang Z. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Floral Bud Differentiation and Flowering Time in Three Populations of Lycoris radiata. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214036. [PMID: 36430515 PMCID: PMC9699370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is important for controlling the flowering of Lycoris radiata. However, the genetic control of this complex developmental process remains unclear. In this study, 18 shoot apical meristem (SAM) samples were collected from early-, mid- and late-flowering populations during floral bud differentiation. The histological analysis of paraffin sections showed that the floral bud differentiation could be divided into six stages; the differentiation time of the early group was earlier than that of the middle and late groups, and the late group was the latest. In different populations, some important differential genes affecting the flowering time were identified by transcriptome profiles of floral bud differentiation samples. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to enrich the gene co-expression modules of diverse flowering time populations (FT) and floral bud differentiation stages (ST). In the MEyellow module, five core hub genes were identified, including CO14, GI, SPL8, SPL9, and SPL15. The correlation network of hub genes showed that they interact with SPLs, AP2, hormone response factors (auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscisic acid), and several transcription factors (MADS-box transcription factor, bHLH, MYB, and NAC3). It suggests the important role of these genes and the complex molecular mechanism of floral bud differentiation and flowering time in L. radiata. These results can preliminarily explain the molecular mechanism of floral bud differentiation and provide new candidate genes for the flowering regulation of Lycoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Cheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weibing Zhuang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence:
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29
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Huang S, Qiao Y, Lv X, Li J, Han D, Guo D. Transcriptome sequencing and DEG analysis in different developmental stages of floral buds induced by potassium chlorate in Dimocarpus longan. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:259-272. [PMID: 36349234 PMCID: PMC9592951 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potassium chlorate can promote off-season flowering in longan, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, four-year-old 'Shixia' longan trees were injected in the trunk with potassium chlorate, and terminal buds were sampled and analyzed using transcriptomics and bioinformatics tools. To generate a reference longan transcriptome, we obtained 207,734 paired-end reads covering a total of 58,514,149 bp, which we assembled into 114,445 unigenes. Using this resource, we identified 3,265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were regulated in longan terminal buds in response to potassium chlorate treatment for 2, 6 or 30 days, including 179 transcription factor genes. By reference to the Arabidopsis literature, we then defined 38 longan genes involved in flowering, from which we constructed the longan flowering pathway. According to RNA-seq data, at least 24 of these genes, which participate in multiple signaling pathways, are involved in potassium chlorate-stimulated floral induction, and the differential regulation in terminal buds of ten floral pathway genes (GI, CO, GID1, GA4, GA5, FLC, AP1, LFY, FT and SOC1) was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These data will contribute to an improved understanding of the functions of key genes involved in longan floral induction by potassium chlorate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilian Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanchun Qiao
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinmin Lv
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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30
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Li Q, Peng A, Yang J, Zheng S, Li Z, Mu Y, Chen L, Si J, Ren X, Song H. A 215-bp indel at intron I of BoFLC2 affects flowering time in Brassica oleracea var. capitata during vernalization. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2785-2797. [PMID: 35760921 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to cold, a 215-bp deletion at intron I of BoFLC2 slows its silencing activity by feedback to the core genes of the PHD-PRC2 complex, resulting in late flowering in cabbage. Cabbage is a plant-vernalization-responsive flowering type. In response to cold, BoFLC2 is an important transcription factor, which allows cabbage plants to remain in the vegetative phase. However, there have been few reports on the detailed and functional effects of genetic variation in BoFLC2 on flowering time in cabbage. Herein, BoFLC2E and BoFLC2L, cloned from extremely early and extremely late flowering cabbages, respectively, exhibited a 215-bp indel at intron I, three non-synonymous SNPs and a 3-bp indel at exon II. BoFLC2L was found to be related to late flowering, as verified in 40 extremely early/late flowering accessions, a diverse set of cabbage inbred lines and two F2 generations by using indel-FLC2 marker. Among the genetic variation of BoFLC2, the 215-bp deletion at intron I was the main reason for the delayed flowering time, as verified in the transgenic progenies of seed-vernalization-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana (Col) and rapid cycler B. oleracea (TO1000, boflc2). This is the first report to show that the intron I indel of BoFLC2 affects the flowering time of cabbage. Although the intron I 215-bp indel between BoFLC2E and BoFLC2L did not cause alternative splicing, it slowed BoFLC2L silencing during vernalization and feedback to the core genes of the PHD-PRC2 complex, resulting in their lower transcription levels. Our study not only provides an effective molecular marker-assisted selective strategy for identifying bolting-resistant resources and breeding improved varieties in cabbage, but also provides an entry point for exploring the mechanisms of flowering time in plant-vernalization-responsive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiaqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Sidi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhangping Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yinhui Mu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing Sanqian Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400060, China
| | - Jun Si
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuesong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hongyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for the Southern Mountains Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Zhang C, Zhou Q, Liu W, Wu X, Li Z, Xu Y, Li Y, Imaizumi T, Hou X, Liu T. BrABF3 promotes flowering through the direct activation of CONSTANS transcription in pak choi. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:134-148. [PMID: 35442527 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress triggers the accumulation of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which in turn activates the expression of the floral integrator gene CONSTANS (CO), accelerating flowering. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA-induced CO activation remains elusive. Here, we conducted a yeast one-hybrid assay using the CO promoter from Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis (pak choi) to screen the ABA-induced pak choi library and identified the transcription activator ABF3 (BrABF3). BrABF3, the expression of which was induced by ABA in pak choi, directly bound to the CO promoter from both pak choi and Arabidopsis. The BrABF3 promoter is specifically active in the Arabidopsis leaf vascular tissue, where CO is mainly expressed. Impaired BrABF3 expression in pak choi decreased BrCO expression levels and delayed flowering, whereas ectopic expression of BrABF3 in Arabidopsis increased CO expression and induced earlier flowering under the long-day conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that BrABF3 was enriched at the canonical ABA-responsive element-ABRE binding factor (ABRE-ABF) binding motifs of the BrCO promoter. The direct binding of BrABF3 to the ABRE elements of CO was further confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR. In addition, the induction of BrCO transcription by BrABF3 could be repressed by BrCDF1 in the morning. Thus, our results suggest that ABA could accelerate the floral transition by directly activating BrCO transcription through BrABF3 in pak choi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhubo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1800, USA
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Wei Q, Hu T, Xu X, Tian Z, Bao C, Wang J, Pang H, Hu H, Yan Y, Liu T, Wang W. The New Variation in the Promoter Region of FLOWERING LOCUS T Is Involved in Flowering in Brassica rapa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071162. [PMID: 35885945 PMCID: PMC9317459 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering time is an important agronomic trait in Brassica rapa and has a wide range of variation. The change from vegetative to reproductive development is a major transition period, especially in flowering vegetable crops. In this study, two non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties with significantly different flowering times, Pak-choi (B. rapa var. communis Tesn et Lee) and Caitai (B. rapa var. tsaitai Hort.), were used to construct segregated F2 populations. The bulk-segregant approach coupled with whole genome re-sequencing was used for QTL sequencing (QTL-seq) analysis to map flowering time traits. The candidate genes controlling flowering time in B. rapa were predicted by homologous gene alignment and function annotation. The major-effect QTL ft7.1 was detected on chromosome A07 of B. rapa, and the FT family gene BrFT was predicted as the candidate gene. Moreover, a new promoter regional difference of 1577 bp was revealed by analyzing the sequence of the BrFT gene. The promoter region activity analysis and divergent gene expression levels indicated that the difference in the promoter region may contribute to different flowering times. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the flowering time in Brassica and the candidate genes regulating flowering in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Wei
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tianhua Hu
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinfeng Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China;
| | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hongtao Pang
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Haijiao Hu
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yaqin Yan
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tongkun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-571-86409722 (W.W.)
| | - Wuhong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.W.); (T.H.); (C.B.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (H.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-571-86409722 (W.W.)
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Sharma M, Charron JB, Rani M, Jabaji S. Bacillus velezensis strain B26 modulates the inflorescence and root architecture of Brachypodium distachyon via hormone homeostasis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7951. [PMID: 35562386 PMCID: PMC9106653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plant health. However, the genotypic variations in host organisms affect their response to PGPR. To understand the genotypic effect, we screened four diverse B. distachyon genotypes at varying growth stages for their ability to be colonized by B. velezensis strain B26. We reasoned that B26 may have an impact on the phenological growth stages of B. distachyon genotypes. Phenotypic data suggested the role of B26 in increasing the number of awns and root weight in wild type genotypes and overexpressing transgenic lines. Thus, we characterized the expression patterns of flowering pathway genes in inoculated plants and found that strain B26 modulates the transcript abundance of flowering genes. An increased root volume of inoculated plants was estimated by CT-scanning which suggests the role of B26 in altering the root architecture. B26 also modulated plant hormone homeostasis. A differential response was observed in the transcript abundance of auxin and gibberellins biosynthesis genes in inoculated roots. Our results reveal that B. distachyon plant genotype is an essential determinant of whether a PGPR provides benefit or harm to the host and shed new insight into the involvement of B. velezensis in the expression of flowering genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meha Sharma
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mamta Rani
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Tejeda-Sartorius O, Soto-Hernández RM, San Miguel-Chávez R, Trejo-Téllez LI, Caamal-Velázquez H. Endogenous Hormone Profile and Sugars Display Differential Distribution in Leaves and Pseudobulbs of Laelia anceps Plants Induced and Non-Induced to Flowering by Exogenous Gibberellic Acid. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070845. [PMID: 35406825 PMCID: PMC9003143 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A profile of endogenous hormones and sugars in leaves and pseudobulbs of Laelia anceps subsp. anceps (Orchidaceae) plants induced and non-induced to flowering by the effect of different doses of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3), considering the current and back growth structures (CGS and BGS), were investigated. A factorial experiment with five doses of GA3 and two growth structures was designed. Adult plants with undifferentiated vegetative buds were selected and sprayed with doses of 0, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg GA3 L−1. The main results showed a strong interaction between GA3 dose and growth structures, which promoted the highest kinetin (KIN) concentration in CGS. Exogenous GA3 increased endogenous GA3 in leaves and pseudobulbs induced (I-Leaf and I-PSB) and non-induced (NI-Leaf and NI-PSB) to flowering. For sugar concentration, the 400 mg L−1 GA3 dose promotes significant interaction with the CGS in NI-PSB. In general, the hormone profile revealed opposite balances of endogenous hormone concentrations for KIN, zeatin (ZEA), trans-zeatin (T-ZEA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and GA3, not only for growth structures but also for vegetative organs analyzed, depending on whether the plants were induced or not induced to flowering, with the highest concentration of endogenous hormones in pseudobulbs. Likewise, different sugar concentration balances were observed. These balances of both endogenous hormones and sugars are likely to be involved in the flowering of L. anceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tejeda-Sartorius
- Campus Montecillo, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (R.M.S.-H.); (R.S.M.-C.); (L.I.T.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández
- Campus Montecillo, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (R.M.S.-H.); (R.S.M.-C.); (L.I.T.-T.)
| | - Rubén San Miguel-Chávez
- Campus Montecillo, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (R.M.S.-H.); (R.S.M.-C.); (L.I.T.-T.)
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Campus Montecillo, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (R.M.S.-H.); (R.S.M.-C.); (L.I.T.-T.)
| | - Humberto Caamal-Velázquez
- Campus Campeche, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Champotón 24450, Campeche, Mexico;
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Cai J, Liu W, Li W, Zhao L, Chen G, Bai Y, Ma D, Fu C, Wang Y, Zhang X. Downregulation of miR156-Targeted PvSPL6 in Switchgrass Delays Flowering and Increases Biomass Yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:834431. [PMID: 35251105 PMCID: PMC8894730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.834431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MiR156/SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKEs (SPLs) module is the key regulatory hub of juvenile-to-adult phase transition as a critical flowering regulator. In this study, a miR156-targeted PvSPL6 was identified and characterized in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a dual-purpose fodder and biofuel crop. Overexpression of PvSPL6 in switchgrass promoted flowering and reduced internode length, internode number, and plant height, whereas downregulation of PvSPL6 delayed flowering and increased internode length, internode number, and plant height. Protein subcellular localization analysis revealed that PvSPL6 localizes to both the plasma membrane and nucleus. We produced transgenic switchgrass plants that overexpressed a PvSPL6-GFP fusion gene, and callus were induced from inflorescences of selected PvSPL6-GFPOE transgenic lines. We found that the PvSPL6-GFP fusion protein accumulated mainly in the nucleus in callus and was present in both the plasma membrane and nucleus in regenerating callus. However, during subsequent development, the signal of the PvSPL6-GFP fusion protein was detected only in the nucleus in the roots and leaves of plantlets. In addition, PvSPL6 protein was rapidly transported from the nucleus to the plasma membrane after exogenous GA3 application, and returned from the plasma membrane to nucleus after treated with the GA3 inhibitor (paclobutrazol). Taken together, our results demonstrate that PvSPL6 is not only an important target that can be used to develop improved cultivars of forage and biofuel crops that show delayed flowering and high biomass yields, but also has the potential to regulate plant regeneration in response to GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yangyang Bai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinchang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
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Proietti S, Scariot V, De Pascale S, Paradiso R. Flowering Mechanisms and Environmental Stimuli for Flower Transition: Bases for Production Scheduling in Greenhouse Floriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030432. [PMID: 35161415 PMCID: PMC8839403 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The scheduling of plant production is a critical aspect in modern floriculture since nowadays, sales are not oriented toward the recurring holidays as in the past, but always more toward impulse buying, implying a more diverse and constant demand on the market. This requires continuous production, often regulated by precise commercial agreements between growers and buyers, and between buyers and dealers, particularly in large-scale retail trade. In this scenario, diverse techniques to modulate the duration of the growing cycle, by hastening or slowing down plant growth and development, have been developed to match plant flowering to the market demand. Among the numerous approaches, the manipulation of climatic parameters in the growth environment is one of the most common in greenhouse floriculture. In this review, we summarize the physiological and biochemical bases underlying the main mechanisms of flowering, depending on the plant reaction to endogenous signals or environmental stimuli. In addition, the strategies based on the control of temperature (before or after planting) and light environment (as light intensity and spectrum, and the photoperiod) in the scheduling of flower and ornamental crop production are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010 Terni, Italy;
| | - Valentina Scariot
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy;
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(081)-253-9135
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A Point Mutation in Phytochromobilin synthase Alters the Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering of Medicago truncatula. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030239. [PMID: 35161220 PMCID: PMC8839385 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants use seasonal cues to initiate flowering at an appropriate time of year to ensure optimal reproductive success. The circadian clock integrates these daily and seasonal cues with internal cues to initiate flowering. The molecular pathways that control the sensitivity of flowering to photoperiods (daylengths) are well described in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, much less is known for crop species, such as legumes. Here, we performed a flowering time screen of a TILLING population of Medicago truncatula and found a line with late-flowering and altered light-sensing phenotypes. Using RNA sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation in the Phytochromobilin synthase (MtPΦBS) gene, which encodes an enzyme that carries out the final step in the biosynthesis of the chromophore required for phytochrome (phy) activity. The analysis of the circadian clock in the MtpΦbs mutant revealed a shorter circadian period, which was shared with the MtphyA mutant. The MtpΦbs and MtphyA mutants showed downregulation of the FT floral regulators MtFTa1 and MtFTb1/b2 and a change in phase for morning and night core clock genes. Our findings show that phyA is necessary to synchronize the circadian clock and integration of light signalling to precisely control the timing of flowering.
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Patil HB, Chaurasia AK, Kumar S, Krishna B, Subramaniam VR, Sane AP, Sane PV. Synchronized flowering in pomegranate, following pruning, is associated with expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog, PgFT1. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13620. [PMID: 34989003 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering in angiosperms is a crucial event that marks the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. In many perennials, pruning is an important horticultural practice that induces synchronized and profuse flowering. In pomegranate, vegetative growth immediately after pruning is associated with activation of PgCENa, a flowering suppressor of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family, while a reduction is associated with synchronous flowering. We show that flowering in pomegranate is activated by expression of another PEBP family member, PgFT1, a homolog of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene that promotes flowering. PgFT1 shows a rapid reduction in expression during the extensive vegetative growth immediately after pruning but shows robust expression during synchronous flowering post-pruning, in flower-bearing shoots but not in branches that do not bear flowers. A continuous low-level flowering in the absence of pruning is associated with continuous but reduced expression of PgFT1. Flowering by heterologous expression of PgFT1 in Arabidopsis is affected by a single amino acid change in the C-terminal region of PgFT1, which upon correction, promotes flowering in Arabidopsis. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms by which pruning affects flowering pathways in tropical perennial fruit plants such as pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Bhagwan Patil
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Agri Park, Jalgaon, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Agri Park, Jalgaon, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Agri Park, Jalgaon, India
| | - Bal Krishna
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Agri Park, Jalgaon, India
| | | | | | - Prafullachandra Vishnu Sane
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Agri Park, Jalgaon, India
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Huang T, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Su Y, Zheng H, Ding Y. Phosphorylation of Histone H2A at Serine 95 Is Essential for Flowering Time and Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761008. [PMID: 34887889 PMCID: PMC8650089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of H2A at serine 95 (H2AS95ph) mediated by MLK4 promotes flowering and H2A.Z deposition. However, little is known about MLK1, MLK2, and MLK3 during the flowering time. Here, we systemically analyze the functions of MLK family in flowering time and development. Mutation in MLK3, but not MLK1 and MLK2, displayed late-flowering phenotype. Loss of MLK3 function enhanced the late-flowering phenotype of mlk4 mutant, but not reinforced the late-flowering phenotype of mlk1 mlk2 double mutants. MLK3 displayed the kinase activity to histone H2AS95ph in vitro. The global H2AS95ph levels were reduced in mlk3 mlk4, but not in mlk3 and mlk4 single mutant and mlk1 mlk2 double mutant, and the H2AS95ph levels in mlk1 mlk3 mlk4 and mlk2 mlk3 mlk4 were similar to those in mlk3 mlk4 double mutant. MLK3 interacted with CCA1, which binds to the promoter of GI. Correspondingly, the transcription levels and H2AS95ph levels of GI were reduced in mlk3 and mlk4 single mutant, and greatly decreased in mlk3 mlk4 double mutant, but not further attenuated in mlk1 mlk3 mlk4 and mlk2 mlk3 mlk4 triple mutant. Together, our results suggested that H2AS95ph deposition mediated by MLK3 and MLK4 is essential for flowering time in Arabidopsis.
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40
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Liu L, Chai M, Huang Y, Qi J, Zhu W, Xi X, Chen F, Qin Y, Cai H. SDG2 regulates Arabidopsis inflorescence architecture through SWR1-ERECTA signaling pathway. iScience 2021; 24:103236. [PMID: 34746701 PMCID: PMC8551540 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflorescence architecture is diverse in flowering plants, and two determinants of inflorescence architecture are the inflorescence meristem and pedicel length. Although the ERECTA (ER) signaling pathway, in coordination with the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex, regulates inflorescence architecture with subsequent effects on pedicel elongation, the mechanism underlying SWR1-ER signaling pathway regulation of inflorescence architecture remains unclear. This study determined that SDG2 genetically interacts with the SWR1-ER signaling pathways in regulating inflorescence architecture. Transcriptome results showed that auxin might potentially influence inflorescence growth mediated by SDG2 and SWR1-ER pathways. SWR1 and ER signaling are required to enrich H2A.Z histone variant and SDG2 regulated SDG2-mediated H3K4me3 histone modification at auxin-related genes and H2A.Z histone variant enrichment. Our study shows how the regulation of inflorescence architecture is mediated by SDG2 and SWR1-ER, which affects auxin hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengnan Chai
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Youmei Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingang Qi
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinpeng Xi
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fangqian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Hanif U, Alipour H, Gul A, Jing L, Darvishzadeh R, Amir R, Munir F, Ilyas MK, Ghafoor A, Siddiqui SU, St Amand P, Bernado A, Bai G, Sonder K, Rasheed A, He Z, Li H. Characterization of the genetic basis of local adaptation of wheat landraces from Iran and Pakistan using genome-wide association study. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20096. [PMID: 34275212 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of genomic regions underlying adaptation of landraces can reveal a quantitative genetics framework for local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adaptability. A collection of 512 wheat landraces from the eastern edge of the Fertile Crescent in Iran and Pakistan were genotyped using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing. The minor allele frequency (MAF) and the heterozygosity (H) of Pakistani wheat landraces (MAF = 0.19, H = 0.008) were slightly higher than the Iranian wheat landraces (MAF = 0.17, H = 0.005), indicating that Pakistani landraces were slightly more genetically diverse. Population structure analysis clearly separated the Pakistani landraces from Iranian landraces, which indicates two separate adaptability trajectories. The large-scale agro-climatic data of seven variables were quite dissimilar between Iran and Pakistan as revealed by the correlation coefficients. Genome-wide association study identified 91 and 58 loci using agroclimatic data, which likely underpin local adaptability of the wheat landraces from Iran and Pakistan, respectively. Selective sweep analysis identified significant hits on chromosomes 4A, 4B, 6B, 7B, 2D, and 6D, which were colocalized with the loci associated with local adaptability and with some known genes related to flowering time and grain size. This study provides insight into the genetic diversity with emphasis on the genetic architecture of loci involved in adaptation to local environments, which has breeding implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Hanif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Dep. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia Univ., Urmia, Iran
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Li Jing
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Reza Darvishzadeh
- Dep. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia Univ., Urmia, Iran
| | - Rabia Amir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Munir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Ilyas
- Plant Genetic Resource Program, Bioresource Conservation Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- Plant Genetic Resource Program, Bioresource Conservation Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sadar Uddin Siddiqui
- Plant Genetic Resource Program, Bioresource Conservation Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Paul St Amand
- USDA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Amy Bernado
- USDA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kai Sonder
- International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam Univ., Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
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42
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Haile TA, Stonehouse R, Weller JL, Bett KE. Genetic basis for lentil adaptation to summer cropping in northern temperate environments. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20144. [PMID: 34643336 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continued success of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genetic improvement relies on the availability of broad genetic diversity, and new alleles need to be identified and incorporated into the cultivated gene pool. Availability of robust and predictive markers greatly enhances the precise transfer of genomic regions from unadapted germplasm. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for key phenological traits in lentil were located using a recombinant inbreed line (RIL) population derived from a cross between an Ethiopian landrace (ILL 1704) and a northern temperate cultivar (CDC Robin). Field experiments were conducted at Sutherland research farm in Saskatoon and at Rosthern, Saskatchewan, Canada during 2018 and 2019. A linkage map was constructed using 21,634 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on seven linkage groups (LGs), which correspond to the seven haploid chromosomes of lentil. Eight QTL were identified for six phenological traits. Flowering-related QTL were identified at two regions on LG6. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes were annotated within the flowering time QTL interval based on the lentil reference genome. Similarly, a major QTL for postflowering developmental processes was located on LG5 with several senescence-associated genes annotated within the QTL interval. The flowering time QTL was validated in a different genetic background indicating the potential use of the identified markers for marker-assisted selection to precisely transfer genomic regions from exotic germplasm into elite crop cultivars without disrupting adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teketel A Haile
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Robert Stonehouse
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - James L Weller
- School of Natural Sciences, Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kirstin E Bett
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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43
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Maruyama N, Miyazaki K, Yasunaga E, Uchida K, Kawabata S, Fukano Y. Long‐term flowering records of herbaceous plants in Tokyo, Japan, during 1994–2015 through citizen science. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiko Miyazaki
- Citizen Group for Nature Observation in ISAS and Tanashi Forest Tokyo Japan
| | - Eriko Yasunaga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuya Fukano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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44
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Yuan C, Xu J, Chen Q, Liu Q, Hu Y, Jin Y, Qin C. C-terminal domain phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) is involved in floral transition in Arabidopsis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:642. [PMID: 34482814 PMCID: PMC8418720 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA polymerase II plays critical roles in transcription in eukaryotic organisms. C-terminal Domain Phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) regulates the phosphorylation state of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II subunit B1, which is critical in determining RNA polymerase II activity. CPL1 plays an important role in miRNA biogenesis, plant growth and stress responses. Although cpl1 mutant showes delayed-flowering phenotype, the molecular mechanism behind CPL1's role in floral transition is still unknown. RESULTS To study the role of CPL1 during the floral transition, we first tested phenotypes of cpl1-3 mutant, which harbors a point-mutation. The cpl1-3 mutant contains a G-to-A transition in the second exon, which results in an amino acid substitution from Glu to Lys (E116K). Further analyses found that the mutated amino acid (Glu) was conserved in these species. As a result, we found that the cpl1-3 mutant experienced delayed flowering under both long- and short-day conditions, and CPL1 is involved in the vernalization pathway. Transcriptome analysis identified 109 genes differentially expressed in the cpl1 mutant, with 2 being involved in floral transition. Differential expression of the two flowering-related DEGs was further validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Flowering genetic pathways analysis coupled with transciptomic analysis provides potential genes related to floral transition in the cpl1-3 mutant, and a framework for future studies of the molecular mechanisms behind CPL1's role in floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinggang Liu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Hu
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Jin
- Division of Research and Development, Oriomics Inc, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
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45
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Plant long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of transcription. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:751-760. [PMID: 34296250 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed, producing large numbers of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including tens of thousands of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), defined as ncRNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Recent studies have revealed the important roles lncRNAs play in the regulation of gene expression at various levels in all eukaryotes; moreover, emerging research in plants has identified roles for lncRNAs in key processes such as flowering time control, root organogenesis, reproduction, and adaptation to environmental changes. LncRNAs participate in regulating most steps of gene expression, including reshaping nuclear organization and chromatin structure; governing multiple steps of transcription, splicing, mRNA stability, and translation; and affecting post-translational protein modifications. In this review, I present the latest progress on the lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms modulating transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing on their functions in regulation of gene expression via chromatin structure and interactions with the transcriptional machinery.
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Tian Z, Jahn M, Qin X, Obel HO, Yang F, Li J, Chen J. Genetic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Molecular Basis of Photoperiod-Regulated Flowering in Xishuangbanna Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannesis Qi et Yuan). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071064. [PMID: 34356080 PMCID: PMC8304308 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xishuangbanna (XIS) cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. xishuangbannesis Qi et Yuan), is a botanical variety of cucumber cultivars native to southwest China that possesses excellent agronomic traits for cucumber improvement. However, breeding utilization of XIS cucumber is limited due to the current poor understanding of its photoperiod-sensitive flowering characteristics. In this study, genetic and transcriptomic analysis were conducted to reveal the molecular basis of photoperiod-regulated flowering in XIS cucumber. A major-effect QTL locus DFF1.1 was identified that controls the days to first flowering (DFF) of XIS cucumbers with a span of 1.38 Mb. Whole-genome re-sequencing data of 9 cucumber varieties with different flowering characteristics in response to photoperiod suggested that CsaNFYA1 was the candidate gene of DFF1.1, which harbored a single non-synonymous mutation in its fifth exon. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the positive roles of auxin and ethylene in accelerating flowering under short-day (SD) light-dark cycles when compared with equal-day/night treatment. Carbohydrate storage and high expression levels of related genes were important reasons explaining early flowering of XIS cucumber under SD conditions. By combining with the RNA-Seq data, the co-expression network suggested that CsaNFYA1 integrated multiple types of genes to regulate the flowering of XIS cucumber. Our findings explain the internal regulatory mechanisms of a photoperiodic flowering pathway. These findings may guide the use of photoperiod shifts to promote flowering of photoperiod-sensitive crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.T.); (X.Q.); (H.O.O.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Molly Jahn
- Jahn Research Group, USDA/FPL, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.T.); (X.Q.); (H.O.O.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Hesbon Ochieng Obel
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.T.); (X.Q.); (H.O.O.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.T.); (X.Q.); (H.O.O.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.T.); (X.Q.); (H.O.O.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-6279
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.T.); (X.Q.); (H.O.O.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
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Xie Y, Ying J, Tang M, Wang Y, Xu L, Liu M, Liu L. Genome-wide identification of AUX/IAA in radish and functional characterization of RsIAA33 gene during taproot thickening. Gene 2021; 795:145782. [PMID: 34146634 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) genes encode short lived nuclear proteins that cooperated with auxin or auxin response factor (ARF), which are involved in plant growth and developmental processes. However, it's still ambiguous how the Aux/IAA genes regulate the process governing taproot thickening in radish. Herein, 65 Aux/IAA genes were identified from the radish genome. Gene duplication analysis showed that two pairs of tandem duplication and 17 (27%) segmental duplication events were identified among Aux/IAA family genes in radish. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that most of Aux/IAA genes (52/65) exhibited differential expression pattern in different root tissues, and six root-specific genes were highly expressed in root cortex, cambium, xylem, and root tip in radish. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression level of RsIAA33 was the highest at cortex splitting stage (CSS), and early expanding stage (ES). Furthermore, amiRNA-mediated gene silencing of RsIAA33 indicated that it could inhibit the reproductive growth, thus promoting taproot thickening and development. These results would provide valuable information for elucidating the molecular function of Aux/IAA genes involved in taproot thickening in radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Hong L, Niu F, Lin Y, Wang S, Chen L, Jiang L. MYB106 is a negative regulator and a substrate for CRL3 BPM E3 ligase in regulating flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1104-1119. [PMID: 33470537 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is crucial for successful reproduction in plants, the onset and progression of which are strictly controlled. However, flowering time is a complex and environmentally responsive history trait and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. Post-translational regulation of the activities of transcription factors (TFs) is a dynamic and essential mechanism for plant growth and development. CRL3BPM E3 ligase is a CULLIN3-based E3 ligase involved in orchestrating protein stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Our study shows that the mutation of MYB106 induced early flowering phenotype while over-expression of MYB106 delayed Arabidopsis flowering. Transcriptome analysis of myb106 mutants reveals 257 differentially expressed genes between wild type and myb106-1 mutants, including Flowering Locus T (FT) which is related to flowering time. Moreover, in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) assays and dual luciferase assays demonstrate that MYB106 directly binds to the promoter of FT to suppress its expression. Furthermore, we confirm that MYB106 interacts with BPM proteins which are further identified by CRL3BPM E3 ligases as the substrate. Taken together, we have identified MYB106 as a negative regulator in the control of flowering time and a new substrate for CRL3BPM E3 ligases in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youshun Lin
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- School of Chemical Biology & Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Center for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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49
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Liu Y, Jafari F, Wang H. Integration of light and hormone signaling pathways in the regulation of plant shade avoidance syndrome. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:131-145. [PMID: 36304753 PMCID: PMC9590540 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are unable to move or escape from their neighboring competitors under high-density planting conditions. Instead, they have evolved the ability to sense changes in light quantity and quality (such as a reduction in photoactive radiation and drop in red/far-red light ratios) and evoke a suite of adaptative responses (such as stem elongation, reduced branching, hyponastic leaf orientation, early flowering and accelerated senescence) collectively termed shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in identifying the various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components implicated in regulating SAS, and in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms, based on extensive molecular genetic studies with the model dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, an emerging synthesis of the field is that light signaling integrates with the signaling pathways of various phytohormones to coordinately regulate different aspects of SAS. In this review, we present a brief summary of the various cross-talks between light and hormone signaling in regulating SAS. We also present a perspective of manipulating SAS to tailor crop architecture for breeding high-density tolerant crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Fereshteh Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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50
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Barbour MA, Gibert JP. Genetic and plastic rewiring of food webs under climate change. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1814-1830. [PMID: 34028791 PMCID: PMC8453762 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is altering ecological and evolutionary processes across biological scales. These simultaneous effects of climate change pose a major challenge for predicting the future state of populations, communities and ecosystems. This challenge is further exacerbated by the current lack of integration of research focused on these different scales. We propose that integrating the fields of quantitative genetics and food web ecology will reveal new insights on how climate change may reorganize biodiversity across levels of organization. This is because quantitative genetics links the genotypes of individuals to population‐level phenotypic variation due to genetic (G), environmental (E) and gene‐by‐environment (G × E) factors. Food web ecology, on the other hand, links population‐level phenotypes to the structure and dynamics of communities and ecosystems. We synthesize data and theory across these fields and find evidence that genetic (G) and plastic (E and G × E) phenotypic variation within populations will change in magnitude under new climates in predictable ways. We then show how changes in these sources of phenotypic variation can rewire food webs by altering the number and strength of species interactions, with consequences for ecosystem resilience. We also find evidence suggesting there are predictable asymmetries in genetic and plastic trait variation across trophic levels, which set the pace for phenotypic change and food web responses to climate change. Advances in genomics now make it possible to partition G, E and G × E phenotypic variation in natural populations, allowing tests of the hypotheses we propose. By synthesizing advances in quantitative genetics and food web ecology, we provide testable predictions for how the structure and dynamics of biodiversity will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Barbour
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean P Gibert
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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