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Xu X, Shi X, You X, Hao Z, Wang R, Wang M, He F, Peng S, Tao H, Liu Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Feng Q, Wu W, Wang GL, Ning Y. A pair of E3 ubiquitin ligases control immunity and flowering by targeting different ELF3 proteins in rice. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00391-5. [PMID: 39025063 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays crucial roles in cellular processes including plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we report that a pair of E3 ubiquitin ligases, AvrPiz-t-interaction protein 6 (APIP6) and IPA1-interaction protein 1 (IPI1), intricately target early flowering3 (ELF3) paralogous proteins to control rice immunity and flowering. APIP6 forms homo-oligomers or hetero-oligomers with IPI1. Both proteins interact with OsELF3-2, promoting its degradation to positively control resistance against the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae). Intriguingly, overexpression of IPI1 in Nipponbare caused significantly late-flowering phenotypes similar to the oself3-1 mutant. Except for late flowering, oself3-1 enhances resistance against M. oryzae. IPI1 also interacts with and promotes the degradation of OsELF3-1, a paralog of OsELF3-2. Notably, IPI1 and APIP6 synergistically modulate OsELF3s degradation, finely tuning blast disease resistance by targeting OsELF3-2, while IPI1 controls both disease resistance and flowering by targeting OsELF3-1. This study unravels multiple functions for a pair of E3 ligases in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoman You
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zeyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shasha Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weixun Wu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhao JX, Wang S, Wen J, Zhou SZ, Jiang XD, Zhong MC, Liu J, Dong X, Deng Y, Hu JY, Li DZ. Evolution of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes in angiosperms: a core Lamiales-specific diversification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3946-3958. [PMID: 38642399 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant life history is determined by two transitions, germination and flowering time, in which the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) play key regulatory roles. Compared with the highly conserved TFL1-like genes, FT-like genes vary significantly in copy numbers in gymnosperms, and monocots within the angiosperms, while sporadic duplications can be observed in eudicots. Here, via a systematic analysis of the PEBPs in angiosperms with a special focus on 12 representative species featuring high-quality genomes in the order Lamiales, we identified a successive lineage-specific but systematic expansion of FT-like genes in the families of core Lamiales. The first expansion event generated FT1-like genes mainly via a core Lamiales-specific whole-genome duplication (cL-WGD), while a likely random duplication produced the FT2-like genes in the lineages containing Scrophulariaceae and the rest of the core Lamiales. Both FT1- and FT2-like genes were further amplified tandemly in some families. These expanded FT-like genes featured highly diverged expression patterns and structural variation, indicating functional diversification. Intriguingly, some core Lamiales contained the relict MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 like 2 (MFT2) that probably expanded in the common ancestor of angiosperms. Our data showcase the highly dynamic lineage-specific expansion of the FT-like genes, and thus provide important and fresh evolutionary insights into the gene regulatory network underpinning flowering time diversity in Lamiales and, more generally, in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Xia Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Zhao Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Mi-Cai Zhong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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Hernández-Soriano L, Gálvez-Sandre L, Ávila de Dios E, Simpson J. How to awaken a sleeping giant: antagonistic expression of Flowering locus T homologs and elements of the age-related pathway are associated with the flowering transition in Agave tequilana. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024; 37:111-132. [PMID: 38082036 PMCID: PMC11180032 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Antagonistic expression of Flowering locus T proteins and the ageing pathway via miRNAs and sugar metabolism regulate the initiation of flowering in A. tequilana. Flowering in commercial plantations of Agave tequilana signals that plants are ready to harvest for tequila production. However, time of flowering is often unpredictable and a detailed understanding of the process would be beneficial in the field, for breeding and for the development of future research. This report describes the functional analysis of A. tequilana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes by heterologous expression in A. thaliana and in situ hybridization in agave plants. The gene structures of the Agave tequilana FT family are also described and putative regulatory promoter elements were identified. Most Agave species have monocarpic, perennial life cycles that can last over 25 years during which plants do not respond to the normal environmental signals which induce flowering, suggesting that the ageing pathway as described in Arabidopsis may play an important role in determining flowering time in these species. Elements of this pathway were analyzed and in silico data is presented that supports the regulation of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING LIKE proteins (SPL), APETALA2 (AP2) proteins and members of Plant Glycoside Hydrolase Family 32 (PGHF32) by interactions with miRNAs 156, 172 and 164 during the initiation of flowering in A. tequilana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Gálvez-Sandre
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Ávila de Dios
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Nazir MF, Wang J, Chen B, Umer MJ, He S, Pan Z, Hu D, Song M, Du X. Multistage temporal transcriptomic atlas unveils major contributor to reproductive phase in upland cotton. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14382. [PMID: 38859666 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Flowering is a major developmental transition in plants, but asynchronous flowering hinders the utilization of wild cotton relatives in breeding programs. We performed comparative transcriptomic profiling of early- and late-flowering Gossypium hirsutum genotypes to elucidate genetic factors influencing reproductive timing. Shoot apices were sampled from the photoperiod-sensitive landrace G. hirsutum purpurascens (GhP) and early-maturing variety ZhongMianSuo (ZMS) at five time points following the emergence of sympodial nodes. RNA-sequencing revealed extensive transcriptional differences during floral transition. Numerous flowering-associated genes exhibited genotype-specific expression, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs upregulated in ZMS. FT-interacting factors like SOC1 and CO-like also showed higher expression in ZMS, implicating florigen pathways in early flowering. Additionally, circadian clock and light signalling components were misregulated between varieties, suggesting altered photoperiod responses in GhP. Weighted co-expression network analysis specifically linked a module enriched for circadian-related genes to GhP's late flowering. Through an integrated transcriptome analysis, we defined a regulatory landscape of reproductive phase change in cotton. Differentially expressed genes related to photoperiod, circadian clock, and light signalling likely contribute to delayed flowering in wild cottons. Characterization of upstream flowering regulators will enable modifying photoperiod sensitivity and expand germplasm use for cotton improvement. This study provides candidate targets for elucidating interactive mechanisms that control cotton flowering time across diverse genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Faisal Nazir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of ex situ Plant Conservation and Utilization, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Daowu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
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Lu HC, Huang CW, Mimura T, Sukma D, Chan MT. Temperature-Regulated Flowering Locus T-Like Gene Coordinates the Spike Initiation in Phalaenopsis Orchid. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:405-419. [PMID: 38153763 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis aphrodite can be induced to initiate spike growth and flowering by exposure to low ambient temperatures. However, the factors and mechanisms responsible for spike initiation in P. aphrodite remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that a repressor Flowing Locus T-like (FTL) gene, FTL, can act as a negative regulator of spike initiation in P. aphrodite. The mRNA transcripts of PaFTL are consistently high during high ambient temperature, thereby preventing premature spike initiation. However, during low ambient temperature, PaFTL expression falls while FT expression increases, allowing for spike initiation. Knock-down of PaFTL expression through virus-inducing gene silencing promoted spike initiation at 30/28°C. Moreover, PaFTL interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS D in a similar manner to FT to regulate downstream flowering initiation genes. Transgenic P. aphrodite plants exhibiting high expression of PaFTL do not undergo spike initiation, even when exposed to low ambient temperatures. These findings shed light on the flowering mechanisms in Phalaenopsis and provide new insights into how perennial plants govern spike initiation in response to temperature cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chia Lu
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 100, Sec. 1, Guiren 13th Rd., Guiren Dist., Tainan 741, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Huang
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 100, Sec. 1, Guiren 13th Rd., Guiren Dist., Tainan 741, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Graduate Program of Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, Daxue Rd., East Dist., Taiwan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Dewi Sukma
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Meranti, Dramaga Campus, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Tsair Chan
- Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 100, Sec. 1, Guiren 13th Rd., Guiren Dist., Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Graduate Program of Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, No. 1, Daxue Rd., East Dist., Taiwan 70101, Taiwan
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6
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Zlobin IE. Tree post-drought recovery: scenarios, regulatory mechanisms and ways to improve. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38581143 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Efficient post-drought recovery of growth and assimilation enables a plant to return to its undisturbed state and functioning. Unlike annual plants, trees suffer not only from the current drought, but also from cumulative impacts of consecutive water stresses which cause adverse legacy effects on survival and performance. This review provides an integrated assessment of ecological, physiological and molecular evidence on the recovery of growth and photosynthesis in trees, with a view to informing the breeding of trees with a better ability to recover from water stress. Suppression of recovery processes can result not only from stress damage but also from a controlled downshift of recovery as part of tree acclimation to water-limited conditions. In the latter case, recovery processes could potentially be activated by turning off the controlling mechanisms, but several obstacles make this unlikely. Tree phenology, and specifically photoperiodic constraints, can limit post-drought recovery of growth and photosynthesis, and targeting these constraints may represent a promising way to breed trees with an enhanced ability to recover post-drought. The mechanisms of photoperiod-dependent regulation of shoot, secondary and root growth and of assimilation processes are reviewed. Finally, the limitations and trade-offs of altering the photoperiodic regulation of growth and assimilation processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Fan L, Zhu Z, Lin X, Shen X, Yang T, Wang H, Zhou X. Comparative Genomic Analysis of PEBP Genes in Cucurbits Explores the Interactors of Cucumber CsPEBPs Related to Flowering Time. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3815. [PMID: 38612626 PMCID: PMC11011414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) participates in various plant biological processes, mainly flowering regulation and seed germination. In cucurbit crops, several PEBP genes have been recognized to be responsible for flowering time. However, the investigation of PEBP family members across the genomes of cucurbit species has not been reported, and their conservation and divergence in structure and function remain largely unclear. Herein, PEBP genes were identified from seven cucurbit crops and were used to perform a comparative genomics analysis. The cucurbit PEBP proteins could be classified into MFT, FT, TFL, and PEBP clades, and further, the TFL clade was divided into BFT-like, CEN-like, and TFL1-like subclades. The MFT-like, FT-like, and TFL-like proteins were clearly distinguished by a critical amino acid residue at the 85th position of the Arabidopsis FT protein. In gene expression analysis, CsaPEBP1 was highly expressed in flowers, and its expression levels in females and males were 70.5 and 89.2 times higher, respectively, than those in leaves. CsaPEBP5, CsaPEBP6, and CsaPEBP7 were specifically expressed in male flowers, with expression levels 58.1, 17.3, and 15.7 times higher, respectively, than those of leaves. At least five CsaPEBP genes exhibited the highest expression during the later stages of corolla opening. Through clustering of time-series-based RNA-seq data, several potential transcription factors (TFs) interacting with four CsaPEBPs were identified during cucumber corolla opening. Because of the tandem repeats of binding sites in promoters, NF-YB (Csa4G037610) and GATA (Csa7G64580) TFs appeared to be better able to regulate the CsaPEBP2 and CsaPEBP5 genes, respectively. This study would provide helpful information for further investigating the roles of PEBP genes and their interacting TFs in growth and development processes, such as flowering time regulation in cucurbit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (L.F.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (H.W.)
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8
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Nie M, Li L, He C, Lu J, Guo H, Li X, Jiang M, Zhan R, Sun W, Yin J, Wu Q. Genome-wide identification, subcellular localization, and expression analysis of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein family reveals the candidates involved in flowering and yield regulation of Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). PeerJ 2024; 12:e17183. [PMID: 38560476 PMCID: PMC10979741 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background PEBP (phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein) is widely found in eukaryotes including plants, animals and microorganisms. In plants, the PEBP family plays vital roles in regulating flowering time and morphogenesis and is highly associated to agronomic traits and yields of crops, which has been identified and characterized in many plant species but not well studied in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.), an important coarse food grain with medicinal value. Methods Genome-wide analysis of FtPEBP gene family members in Tartary buckwheat was performed using bioinformatic tools. Subcellular localization analysis was performed by confocal microscopy. The expression levels of these genes in leaf and inflorescence samples were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results Fourteen Fagopyrum tataricum PEBP (FtPEBP) genes were identified and divided into three sub-clades according to their phylogenetic relationships. Subcellular localization analysis of the FtPEBP proteins in tobacco leaves indicated that FT- and TFL-GFP fusion proteins were localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Gene structure analysis showed that most FtPEBP genes contain four exons and three introns. FtPEBP genes are unevenly distributed in Tartary buckwheat chromosomes. Three tandem repeats were found among FtFT5/FtFT6, FtMFT1/FtMFT2 and FtTFL4/FtTFL5. Five orthologous gene pairs were detected between F. tataricum and F. esculentum. Seven light-responsive, nine hormone-related and four stress-responsive elements were detected in FtPEBPs promoters. We used real-time PCR to investigate the expression levels of FtPEBPs among two flowering-type cultivars at floral transition time. We found FtFT1/FtFT3 were highly expressed in leaf and young inflorescence of early-flowering type, whereas they were expressed at very low levels in late-flowering type cultivars. Thus, we deduced that FtFT1/FtFT3 may be positive regulators for flowering and yield of Tartary buckwheat. These results lay an important foundation for further studies on the functions of FtPEBP genes which may be utilized for yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Nie
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cailin He
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao'an Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Crop Research in Ganzi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzi, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiling Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Crop Research in Ganzi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzi, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Méndez-Gómez M, Sierra-Cacho D, Jiménez-Morales E, Guzmán P. Modulation of early gene expression responses to water deprivation stress by the E3 ubiquitin ligase ATL80: implications for retrograde signaling interplay. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 38459432 PMCID: PMC10921668 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary response genes play a pivotal role in translating short-lived stress signals into sustained adaptive responses. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ATL80, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in the dynamics of gene expression following water deprivation stress. We observed that ATL80 is rapidly activated within minutes of water deprivation stress perception, reaching peak expression around 60 min before gradually declining. ATL80, despite its post-translational regulation role, emerged as a key player in modulating early gene expression responses to water deprivation stress. RESULTS The impact of ATL80 on gene expression was assessed using a time-course microarray analysis (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min), revealing a burst of differentially expressed genes, many of which were associated with various stress responses. In addition, the diversity of early modulation of gene expression in response to water deprivation stress was significantly abolished in the atl80 mutant compared to wild-type plants. A subset of 73 genes that exhibited a similar expression pattern to ATL80 was identified. Among them, several are linked to stress responses, including ERF/AP2 and WRKY transcription factors, calcium signaling genes, MAP kinases, and signaling peptides. Promoter analysis predicts enrichment of binding sites for CAMTA1 and CAMTA5, which are known regulators of rapid stress responses. Furthermore, we have identified a group of differentially expressed ERF/AP2 transcription factors, proteins associated with folding and refolding, as well as pinpointed core module genes which are known to play roles in retrograde signaling pathways that cross-referenced with the early ATL80 transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we propose that ATL80 may target one or more components within the retrograde signaling pathways for degradation. In essence, ATL80 serves as a bridge connecting these signaling pathways and effectively functions as an alarm signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Méndez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México
| | - Daniel Sierra-Cacho
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México
| | - Estela Jiménez-Morales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México
| | - Plinio Guzmán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, 36824, Gto, México.
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Wang Q, Chen X, Liu X, Gao G, Dong B, Wang Y, Zhong S, Deng J, Fang Q, Zhao H. OfBFT genes play an essential role in the proliferate flower formation of Osmanthus fragrans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108463. [PMID: 38442625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Floral organ development is one of the most vital events in flowering plants and is closely related to ornamental properties. The proliferate flower (a new branch or flower occurring in the centre of a flower) in plants is an interesting type, while the specific molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Osmanthus fragrans 'Tianxiang Taige' has two different flower morphologies: normal flower and proliferate flower. Phenotypic observation suggested that a normal flower was composed of calyx, petal, stamen and pistil (reduced to leaf-like carpel). While in proliferate flower, the leaf-like carpel continued to grow and was replaced by a new branch. Paraffin section indicated that the re-growth of leaf carpels might be the main reason for proliferate flower formation. Transcriptome sequencing of normal and proliferate flower was performed, and the expression levels of related genes were analysed. Among the differentially expressed genes, OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b had differential expression during the proliferate flower formation process. The expression patterns revealed that both OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b were highly accumulated in carpels, and were significantly downregulated during the proliferate flower development process. Subcellular localization indicated that OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b proteins were located in the nucleus. Functional studies in 'Tianxiang Taige' and Arabidopsis showed that OfBFT-a and OfBFT-b had important roles in floral organ development, especially the proliferate flower formation process by downregulating the accumulation of AG and SEP3 homologous genes. These results may shed new light on the study of proliferate flower formation and flower morphology breeding in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Shiwei Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, School of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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11
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Kaur H, Manchanda P, Sidhu GS, Chhuneja P. Genome-wide identification and characterization of flowering genes in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck: a comparison among C. Medica L., C. Reticulata Blanco, C. Grandis (L.) Osbeck and C. Clementina. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38378481 PMCID: PMC10880302 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering plays an important role in completing the reproductive cycle of plants and obtaining next generation of plants. In case of citrus, it may take more than a year to achieve progeny. Therefore, in order to fasten the breeding processes, the juvenility period needs to be reduced. The juvenility in plants is regulated by set of various flowering genes. The citrus fruit and leaves possess various medicinal properties and are subjected to intensive breeding programs to produce hybrids with improved quality traits. In order to break juvenility in Citrus, it is important to study the role of flowering genes. The present study involved identification of genes regulating flowering in Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck via homology based approach. The structural and functional characterization of these genes would help in targeting genome editing techniques to induce mutations in these genes for producing desirable results. RESULTS A total of 43 genes were identified which were located on all the 9 chromosomes of citrus. The in-silico analysis was performed to determine the genetic structure, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and phylogenetic relationship of the genes. A total of 10 CREs responsible for flowering were detected in 33 genes and 8 conserved motifs were identified in all the genes. The protein structure, protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was performed to study the functioning of these genes which revealed the involvement of flowering proteins in circadian rhythm pathways. The gene ontology (GO) and gene function analysis was performed to functionally annotate the genes. The structure of the genes and proteins were also compared among other Citrus species to study the evolutionary relationship among them. The expression study revealed the expression of flowering genes in floral buds and ovaries. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the flowering genes were highly expressed in bud stage, fully grown flower and early stage of fruit development. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that the flowering genes were highly conserved in citrus species. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed the tissue specific expression of flowering genes (CsFT, CsCO, CsSOC, CsAP, CsSEP and CsLFY) which would help in easy detection and targeting of genes through various forward and reverse genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurupkar S Sidhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
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12
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Kerr SC, Shehnaz S, Paudel L, Manivannan MS, Shaw LM, Johnson A, Velasquez JTJ, Tanurdžić M, Cazzonelli CI, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Prentis PJ. Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1321555. [PMID: 38312357 PMCID: PMC10834703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saiyara Shehnaz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mekaladevi S Manivannan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Teodoro J Velasquez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Zhang MM, Zhao X, He X, Zheng Q, Huang Y, Li Y, Ke S, Liu ZJ, Lan S. Genome-Wide Identification of PEBP Gene Family in Two Dendrobium Species and Expression Patterns in Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17463. [PMID: 38139293 PMCID: PMC10743876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The PEBP gene family plays a significant role in regulating flower development and formation. To understand its function in Dendrobium chrysotoxum and D. nobile flowering, we identified 22 PEBP genes (11 DchPEBPs and 11 DnoPEBPs) from both species. We conducted analyses on their conserved domains and motifs, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome distribution, collinear correlation, and cis elements. The classification results showed that the 22 PEBPs were mainly divided into three clades, as follows: FT, MFT, and TFL1. A sequence analysis showed that most PEBP proteins contained five conserved domains, while a gene structure analysis revealed that 77% of the total PEBP genes contained four exons and three introns. The promoter regions of the 22 PEBPs contained several cis elements related to hormone induction and light response. This suggests these PEBPs could play a role in regulating flower development by controlling photoperiod and hormone levels. Additionally, a collinearity analysis revealed three pairs of duplicate genes in the genomes of both D. chrysotoxum and D. nobile. Furthermore, RT-qPCR has found to influence the regulatory effect of DchPEBPs on the development of flower organs (sepals, petals, lip, ovary, and gynostemium) during the flowering process (bud, transparent stage, and initial bloom). The results obtained imply that DchPEBP8 and DchPEBP9 play a role in the initial bloom and that DchPEBP7 may inhibit flowering processes. Moreover, DchPEBP9 may potentially be involved in the development of reproductive functionality. PEBPs have regulatory functions that modulate flowering. FT initiates plant flowering by mediating photoperiod and temperature signals, while TFL1 inhibits flowering processes. These findings provide clues for future studies on flower development in Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.-M.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (S.K.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.-M.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (S.K.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xin He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.-M.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (S.K.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qinyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shijie Ke
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.-M.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (S.K.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.-M.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (S.K.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.-M.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (S.K.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
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Rehman S, Bahadur S, Xia W. An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants. Gene 2023; 885:147699. [PMID: 37567454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The floral initiation in angiosperms is a complex process influenced by endogenous and exogenous signals. With this approach, we aim to provide a comprehensive review to integrate this complex floral regulatory process and summarize the regulatory genes and their functions in annuals and perennials. Seven primary paths leading to flowering have been discovered in Arabidopsis under several growth condition that include; photoperiod, ambient temperature, vernalization, gibberellins, autonomous, aging and carbohydrates. These pathways involve a series of interlinked signaling pathways that respond to both internal and external signals, such as light, temperature, hormones, and developmental cues, to coordinate the expression of genes that are involved in flower development. Among them, the photoperiodic pathway was the most important and conserved as some of the fundamental loci and mechanisms are shared even by closely related plant species. The activation of floral regulatory genes such as FLC, FT, LFY, and SOC1 that determine floral meristem identity and the transition to the flowering stage result from the merging of these pathways. Recent studies confirmed that alternative splicing, antisense RNA and epigenetic modification play crucial roles by regulating the expression of genes related to blooming. In this review, we documented recent progress in the floral transition time in annuals and perennials, with emphasis on the specific regulatory mechanisms along with the application of various molecular approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference and Virus-induced flowering. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between annual and perennial flowering will aid significant contributions to the field by elucidating the mechanisms of perennial plant development and floral initiation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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15
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Kuznetsova K, Efremova E, Dodueva I, Lebedeva M, Lutova L. Functional Modules in the Meristems: "Tinkering" in Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3661. [PMID: 37896124 PMCID: PMC10610496 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A feature of higher plants is the modular principle of body organisation. One of these conservative morphological modules that regulate plant growth, histogenesis and organogenesis is meristems-structures that contain pools of stem cells and are generally organised according to a common principle. Basic content: The development of meristems is under the regulation of molecular modules that contain conservative interacting components and modulate the expression of target genes depending on the developmental context. In this review, we focus on two molecular modules that act in different types of meristems. The WOX-CLAVATA module, which includes the peptide ligand, its receptor and the target transcription factor, is responsible for the formation and control of the activity of all meristem types studied, but it has its own peculiarities in different meristems. Another regulatory module is the so-called florigen-activated complex, which is responsible for the phase transition in the shoot vegetative meristem (e.g., from the vegetative shoot apical meristem to the inflorescence meristem). CONCLUSIONS The review considers the composition and functions of these two functional modules in different developmental programmes, as well as their appearance, evolution and use in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Dodueva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (K.K.); (E.E.); (M.L.); (L.L.)
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16
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Mineri L, Cerise M, Giaume F, Vicentini G, Martignago D, Chiara M, Galbiati F, Spada A, Horner D, Fornara F, Brambilla V. Rice florigens control a common set of genes at the shoot apical meristem including the F-BOX BROADER TILLER ANGLE 1 that regulates tiller angle and spikelet development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1647-1660. [PMID: 37285314 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice flowering is triggered by transcriptional reprogramming at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) mediated by florigenic proteins produced in leaves in response to changes in photoperiod. Florigens are more rapidly expressed under short days (SDs) compared to long days (LDs) and include the HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins. Hd3a and RFT1 are largely redundant at converting the SAM into an inflorescence, but whether they activate the same target genes and convey all photoperiodic information that modifies gene expression at the SAM is currently unclear. We uncoupled the contribution of Hd3a and RFT1 to transcriptome reprogramming at the SAM by RNA sequencing of dexamethasone-inducible over-expressors of single florigens and wild-type plants exposed to photoperiodic induction. Fifteen highly differentially expressed genes common to Hd3a, RFT1, and SDs were retrieved, 10 of which still uncharacterized. Detailed functional studies on some candidates revealed a role for LOC_Os04g13150 in determining tiller angle and spikelet development and the gene was renamed BROADER TILLER ANGLE 1 (BRT1). We identified a core set of genes controlled by florigen-mediated photoperiodic induction and defined the function of a novel florigen target controlling tiller angle and spikelet development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mineri
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Cerise
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Giaume
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vicentini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Martignago
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Galbiati
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Spada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - David Horner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fornara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Brambilla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Viejo M, Tengs T, Yakovlev I, Cross H, Krokene P, Olsen JE, Fossdal CG. Epitype-inducing temperatures drive DNA methylation changes during somatic embryogenesis in the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196806. [PMID: 37546277 PMCID: PMC10399239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
An epigenetic memory of the temperature sum experienced during embryogenesis is part of the climatic adaptation strategy of the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce. This memory has a lasting effect on the timing of bud phenology and frost tolerance in the resulting epitype trees. The epigenetic memory is well characterized phenotypically and at the transcriptome level, but to what extent DNA methylation changes are involved have not previously been determined. To address this, we analyzed somatic epitype embryos of Norway spruce clones produced at contrasting epitype-inducing conditions (18 and 28°C). We screened for differential DNA methylation in 2744 genes related mainly to the epigenetic machinery, circadian clock, and phenology. Of these genes, 68% displayed differential DNA methylation patterns between contrasting epitype embryos in at least one methylation context (CpG, CHG, CHH). Several genes related to the epigenetic machinery (e.g., DNA methyltransferases, ARGONAUTE) and the control of bud phenology (FTL genes) were differentially methylated. This indicates that the epitype-inducing temperature conditions induce an epigenetic memory involving specific DNA methylation changes in Norway spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Viejo
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Torstein Tengs
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), Ås, Norway
| | - Igor Yakovlev
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Hugh Cross
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Science, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Paal Krokene
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn E. Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Carl Gunnar Fossdal
- Department of Molecular Plant Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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18
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Yang J, Ning C, Liu Z, Zheng C, Mao Y, Wu Q, Wang D, Liu M, Zhou S, Yang L, He L, Liu Y, He C, Chen J, Liu J. Genome-Wide Characterization of PEBP Gene Family and Functional Analysis of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Homologs in Macadamia integrifolia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2692. [PMID: 37514306 PMCID: PMC10385423 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Edible Macadamia is one of the most important commercial nut trees cultivated in many countries, but its large tree size and long juvenile period pose barriers to commercial cultivation. The short domestication period and well-annotated genome of Macadamia integrifolia create great opportunities to breed commercial varieties with superior traits. Recent studies have shown that members of the phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family play pivotal roles in regulating plant architecture and flowering time in various plants. In this study, thirteen members of MiPEBP were identified in the genome of M. integrifolia, and they are highly similarity in both motif and gene structure. A phylogenetic analysis divided the MiPEBP genes into three subfamilies: MFT-like, FT-like and TFL1-like. We subsequently identified two TERMINAL FLOWER 1 homologues from the TFL1-like subfamily, MiTFL1 and MiTFL1-like, both of which were highly expressed in stems and vegetative shoots, while MiTFL1-like was highly expressed in young leaves and early flowers. A subcellular location analysis revealed that both MiTFL1 and MiTFL1-like are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The ectopic expression of MiTFL1 can rescue the early-flowering and terminal-flower phenotypes in the tfl1-14 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, and it indicates the conserved functions in controlling the inflorescence architecture and flowering time. This study will provide insight into the isolation of PEBP family members and the key targets for breeding M. integrifolia with improved traits in plant architecture and flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Conghui Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Yawen Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongfa Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Liling Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chengzhong He
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Science, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
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19
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Zheng R, Meng X, Hu Q, Yang B, Cui G, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Song X, Liang S, Li Y, Li J, Yu H, Luan W. OsFTL12, a member of FT-like family, modulates the heading date and plant architecture by florigen repression complex in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1343-1360. [PMID: 36719169 PMCID: PMC10281609 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a florigen in Arabidopsis, plays critical roles in floral transition. Among 13 FT-like members in rice, OsFTL2 (Hd3a) and OsFTL3 (RFT1), two rice homologues of FT, have been well characterized to act as florigens to induce flowering under short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions, respectively, but the functions of other rice FT-like members remain largely unclear. Here, we show that OsFTL12 plays an antagonistic function against Hd3a and RFT1 to modulate the heading date and plant architecture in rice. Unlike Hd3a and RFT1, OsFTL12 is not regulated by daylength and highly expressed in both SD and LD conditions, and delays the heading date under either SD or LD conditions. We further demonstrate that OsFTL12 interacts with GF14b and OsFD1, two key components of the florigen activation complex (FAC), to form the florigen repression complex (FRC) by competing with Hd3a for binding GF14b. Notably, OsFTL12-FRC can bind to the promoters of the floral identity genes OsMADS14 and OsMADS15 and suppress their expression. The osmads14 osmads15 double mutants could not develop panicles and showed erect leaves. Taken together, our results reveal that different FT-like members can fine-tune heading date and plant architecture by regulating the balance of FAC and FRC in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qingliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guicai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Siju Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Advance StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weijiang Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
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20
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Cheng B, Tao N, Ma Y, Chai H, Liu P, Chen W, Zhao Y. Overexpression of the Capebp2 Gene Encoding the PEBP-like Protein Promotes the Cap Redifferentiation in Cyclocybe aegerita. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:657. [PMID: 37367593 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) is widely involved in various physiological behaviors, such as the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in plants, tumorigenesis in the human, etc. However, few functional studies have examined pebp genes affecting the development of fungi. In this study, Capebp2 was cloned from Cyclocybe aegerita AC0007 strains based on the genome sequence and gene prediction, and the sequence alignment of CaPEBP2 with other PEBP proteins from other biological sources including plant, animal, fungi, and bacteria indicated that PEBP had low sequence similarity in fungi, whereas all protein sequences had some conserved motifs such as DPDAP and HRY. Expression analysis showed the transcription level of Capebp2 increased approximately 20-fold in fruiting bodies compared with mycelia. To uncover the function of Capebp2 in C. aegetita development, Capebp2 was cloned into a pATH vector driven by the actin promoter for obtaining overexpression transformant lines. Fruiting experiments showed the transformed strains overexpressing Capebp2 exhibited redifferentiation of the cap on their surface, including intact fruiting bodies or partial lamella during fruiting development stage, and the longitudinal section indicated that all regenerated bodies or lamella sprouted from the flesh and shared the epidermis with the mother fruiting bodies. In summary, the sequence characterization of Capebp2, expression level during different development stages, and function on fruiting body development were documented in this study, and these findings provided a reference to study the role of pebp in the development process of basidiomycetes. Importantly, gene mining of pebp, function characterization, and the regulating pathways involved need to be uncovered in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopu Cheng
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Nan Tao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yuanhao Ma
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hongmei Chai
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
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21
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Zhang S, Zhou Q, Yang X, Wang J, Jiang J, Sun M, Liu Y, Nie C, Bao M, Liu G. Functional characterization of three TERMINAL FLOWER 1-like genes from Platanus acerifolia. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1071-1088. [PMID: 37024635 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE TFL1-like genes of the basal eudicot Platanus acerifolia have conserved roles in maintaining vegetative growth and inhibiting flowering, but may act through distinct regulatory mechanism. Three TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-like genes were isolated and characterized from London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia). All genes have conserved genomic organization and characteristic of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that two genes belong to the TFL1 clade, designated as PlacTFL1a and PlacTFL1b, while another one was grouped in the BFT clade, named as PlacBFT. qRT-PCR analysis showed that all three genes primarily expressed in vegetative phase, but the expression of PlacTFL1a was much higher and wider than that of PlacTFL1b, with the latter only detected at relatively low expression levels in apical and lateral buds in April. PlacBFT was mainly expressed in young stems of adult trees followed by juvenile tissues. Ectopic expression of any TFL1-like gene in Arabidopsis showed phenotypes of delayed or repressed flowering. Furthermore, overexpression of PlacTFL1a gene in petunia also resulted in extremely delayed flowering. In non-flowering 35:PlacTFL1a transgenic petunia plants, the FT-like gene (PhFT) gene was significantly upregulated and AP1 homologues PFG, FBP26 and FBP29 were significantly down-regulated in leaves. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that only weak interactions were detected between PlacTFL1a and PlacFDL, and PlacTFL1a showed no interaction with PhFDL1/2. These results indicated that the TFL1-like genes of Platanus have conserved roles in repressing flowering, but probably via a distinct regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoren Nie
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Botany, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Sun Y, Jia X, Yang Z, Fu Q, Yang H, Xu X. Genome-Wide Identification of PEBP Gene Family in Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119185. [PMID: 37298136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The PEBP gene family is crucial for the growth and development of plants, the transition between vegetative and reproductive growth, the response to light, the production of florigen, and the reaction to several abiotic stressors. The PEBP gene family has been found in numerous species, but the SLPEBP gene family has not yet received a thorough bioinformatics investigation, and the members of this gene family are currently unknown. In this study, bioinformatics was used to identify 12 members of the SLPEBP gene family in tomato and localize them on the chromosomes. The physicochemical characteristics of the proteins encoded by members of the SLPEBP gene family were also examined, along with their intraspecific collinearity, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements. In parallel, a phylogenetic tree was built and the collinear relationships of the PEBP gene family among tomato, potato, pepper, and Arabidopsis were examined. The expression of 12 genes in different tissues and organs of tomato was analyzed using transcriptomic data. It was also hypothesized that SLPEBP3, SLPEBP5, SLPEBP6, SLPEBP8, SLPEBP9, and SLPEBP10 might be related to tomato flowering and that SLPEBP2, SLPEBP3, SLPEBP7, and SLPEBP11 might be related to ovary development based on the tissue-specific expression analysis of SLPEBP gene family members at five different stages during flower bud formation to fruit set. This article's goal is to offer suggestions and research directions for further study of tomato PEBP gene family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Sun
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhenru Yang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingjun Fu
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Laboratory of Genetic Breeding in Tomato, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Mucai Street 59, Harbin 150030, China
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23
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Xu H, Wang X, Wei J, Zuo Y, Wang L. The Regulatory Networks of the Circadian Clock Involved in Plant Adaptation and Crop Yield. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091897. [PMID: 37176955 PMCID: PMC10181312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climatic change increasingly threatens plant adaptation and crop yields. By synchronizing internal biological processes, including photosynthesis, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress, with external environmental cures, such as light and temperature, the circadian clock benefits plant adaptation and crop yield. In this review, we focus on the multiple levels of interaction between the plant circadian clock and environmental factors, and we summarize recent progresses on how the circadian clock affects yield. In addition, we propose potential strategies for better utilizing the current knowledge of circadian biology in crop production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Li Y, Xiao L, Zhao Z, Zhao H, Du D. Identification, evolution and expression analyses of the whole genome-wide PEBP gene family in Brassica napus L. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:27. [PMID: 37138210 PMCID: PMC10155459 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the release of genomic data for B.rapa, B.oleracea, and B.napus, research on the genetic and molecular functions of Brassica spp. has entered a new stage. PEBP genes in plants play an important role in the transition to flowering as well as seed development and germination. Molecular evolutionary and functional analyses of the PEBP gene family in B.napus based on molecular biology methods can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent investigations of related regulators. RESULTS In this paper, we identified a total of 29 PEBP genes from B.napus that were located on 14 chromosomes and 3 random locations. Most members contained 4 exons and 3 introns; motif 1 and motif 2 were the characteristic motifs of PEBP members. On the basis of intraspecific and interspecific collinearity analyses, it is speculated that fragment replication and genomic replication are the main drivers of for the amplification and evolution of the PEBP gene in the B.napus genome. The results of promoter cis-elements prediction suggest that BnPEBP family genes are inducible promoters, which may directly or indirectly participate in multiple regulatory pathways of plant growth cycle. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression results show that the expression levels of BnPEBP family genes in different tissues were quite different, but the gene expression organization and patterns of the same subgroup were basically the same. qRT‒PCR revealed certain spatiotemporal patterns in the expression of the PEBP subgroups in roots, stems, leaves, buds, and siliques, was tissue-specific, and related to function. CONCLUSIONS A systematic comparative analysis of the B.napus PEBP gene family was carried out at here. The results of gene identification, phylogenetic tree construction, structural analysis, gene duplication analysis, prediction of promoter cis-elements and interacting proteins, and expression analysis provide a reference for exploring the molecular mechanisms of BnPEBP family genes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Li
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
- The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
- The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
- The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Hongping Zhao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China
- The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Xining, 810016, China
- Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Dezhi Du
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, 810016, China.
- The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Oil Crop Genetic Improvement Center, Xining, 810016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China.
- Qinghai Spring Rape Engineering Research Center, Xining, 810016, China.
- Spring Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Xining, 810016, China.
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25
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Pavani G, Malhotra PK, Verma SK. Flowering in sugarcane-insights from the grasses. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:154. [PMID: 37138783 PMCID: PMC10149435 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a crucial phase for angiosperms to continue their species propagation and is highly regulated. In the current review, flowering in sugarcane and the associated mechanisms are elaborately presented. In sugarcane, flowering has two effects, wherein it is a beneficial factor from the breeder's perspective and crucial for crop improvement, but commercially, it depletes the sucrose reserves from the stalks; hence, less value is assigned. Different species of Saccharum genus are spread across geographical latitudes, thereby proving their ability to grow in multiple inductive daylengths of different locations according in the habituated zone. In general, sugarcane is termed an intermediate daylength plant with quantitative short-day behaviour as it requires reduction in daylength from 12 h 55 min to 12 h or 12 h 30 min. The prime concern in sugarcane flowering is its erratic flowering nature. The transition to reproductive stage which reverts to vegetative stage if there is any deviation from ambient temperature and light is also an issue. Spatial and temporal gene expression patterns during vegetative to reproductive stage transition and after reverting to vegetative state could possibly reveal how the genetic circuits are being governed. This review will also shed a light on potential roles of genes and/or miRNAs in flowering in sugarcane. Knowledge of transcriptomic background of circadian, photoperiod, and gibberellin pathways in sugarcane will enable us to better understand of variable response in floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongati Pavani
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Pawan Kumar Malhotra
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Verma
- Institute of Biological Science, SAGE University, Bypass Road, Kailod Kartal, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452020 India
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Lee A, Jung H, Park HJ, Jo SH, Jung M, Kim YS, Cho HS. Their C-termini divide Brassica rapa FT-like proteins into FD-interacting and FD-independent proteins that have different effects on the floral transition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1091563. [PMID: 36714709 PMCID: PMC9878124 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like clade of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) induce flowering by associating with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor FD and forming regulatory complexes in angiosperm species. However, the molecular mechanism of the FT-FD heterocomplex in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is unknown. In this study, we identified 12 BrPEBP genes and focused our functional analysis on four BrFT-like genes by overexpressing them individually in an FT loss-of-function mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. We determined that BrFT1 and BrFT2 promote flowering by upregulating the expression of floral meristem identity genes, whereas BrTSF and BrBFT, although close in sequence to their Arabidopsis counterparts, had no clear effect on flowering in either long- or short-day photoperiods. We also simultaneously genetically inactivated BrFT1 and BrFT2 in Chinese cabbage using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, which revealed that BrFT1 and BrFT2 may play key roles in inflorescence organogenesis as well as in the transition to flowering. We show that BrFT-like proteins, except for BrTSF, are functionally divided into FD interactors and non-interactors based on the presence of three specific amino acids in their C termini, as evidenced by the observed interconversion when these amino acids are mutated. Overall, this study reveals that although BrFT-like homologs are conserved, they may have evolved to exert functionally diverse functions in flowering via their potential to be associated with FD or independently from FD in Brassica rapa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemyeong Jung
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, NongWoo Bio, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Jenong S&T, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Chirivì D, Betti C. Molecular Links between Flowering and Abiotic Stress Response: A Focus on Poaceae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:331. [PMID: 36679044 PMCID: PMC9866591 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperatures, drought, salinity and soil pollution are the most common types of abiotic stresses crops can encounter in fields; these variations represent a general warning to plant productivity and survival, being more harmful when in combination. Plant response to such conditions involves the activation of several molecular mechanisms, starting from perception to signaling, transcriptional reprogramming and protein modifications. This can influence the plant's life cycle and development to different extents. Flowering developmental transition is very sensitive to environmental stresses, being critical to reproduction and to agricultural profitability for crops. The Poacee family contains some of the most widespread domesticated plants, such as wheat, barley and rice, which are commonly referred to as cereals and represent a primary food source. In cultivated Poaceae, stress-induced modifications of flowering time and development cause important yield losses by directly affecting seed production. At the molecular level, this reflects important changes in gene expression and protein activity. Here, we present a comprehensive overview on the latest research investigating the molecular pathways linking flowering control to osmotic and temperature extreme conditions in agronomically relevant monocotyledons. This aims to provide hints for biotechnological strategies that can ensure agricultural stability in ever-changing climatic conditions.
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Wu Q, Bai X, Nie M, Li L, Luo Y, Fan Y, Liu C, Ye X, Zou L. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis disclose the pivotal PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BINDING PROTEIN members that may be utilized for yield improvement of Chenopodium quinoa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1119049. [PMID: 36704176 PMCID: PMC9871630 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1119049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a prospective orphan crop that needs yield improvement. Previous studies indicate PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE BINDING PROTEIN (PEBP) family genes are highly associated with the key agronomic traits of crops. Characterizing the pivotal PEBP genes will speed up the domestication and yield improvement of quinoa. Previous investigations on PEBP genes of Chenopodium species indicated that, the PEBP genes, despite in the same subclade, may have experienced functional diversification. Especially, the allotetraploidy (AABB) and numerous segmental duplications and chromosomal rearrangements in quinoa make it more difficult to understand the functions of PEBP genes. More recently, 6 quinoa FT subfamily genes were predicted to be related to flowering of quinoa. However, investigation on the whole PEBP family members is still lacking. In this study, we obtained 23 PEBP genes, including 5 MFT, 11 FTL and 7 TFL genes. We found 7 orthologous gene pairs, from sub-genome A and sub-genome B, respectively, showing collinearities with sugar beet. Evolution analysis on PEBP genes of two quinoa sub-genomes, sugar beet and relatives of diploid ancestors indicated that, the reasons for gene duplication events varied and 4 tandem duplications are the major reason for PEBP family expansion. Tissue-specific expression analysis suggested that expression patterns are mostly differing between orthologous gene pairs. Analysis on gene expressions at 6 stages suggested the possible positive roles of CqFTL1/CqFTL2, CqFTL5, CqFTL8, CqFTL6/CqFTL9 and CqTFL6/CqTFL7, and negative roles of CqTFL1/CqTFL2/CqTFL3, CqTFL4/CqTFL5 in inflorescence branching. Expression analysis in ABA-treated seed, in combination with the cis-acting element distribution analysis, indicated that CqMFT2, CqMFT3 and CqMFT4 may regulate seed germination via ABA signaling. Observations on responses to night break and photoperiod changes highlighted the roles of CqFTL5 and CqFTL8 under short day, and CqFTL6 under long day for quinoa flowering. Further, co-expression network analysis indicated that 64 transcription factors may act upstream of CqFTL5 and CqFTL8 to regulate flowering. Together, this study will help us identify the pivotal PEBP genes that may be utilized for quinoa breeding in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengping Nie
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Susila H, Purwestri YA. PEBP Signaling Network in Tubers and Tuberous Root Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 36678976 PMCID: PMC9865765 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tubers and tuberous root crops are essential carbohydrate sources and staple foods for humans, second only to cereals. The developmental phase transition, including floral initiation and underground storage organ formation, is controlled by complex signaling processes involving the integration of environmental and endogenous cues. FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS (TFL1/CEN), members of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family, play a central role in this developmental phase transition process. FT and FT-like proteins have a function to promote developmental phase transition, while TFL1/CEN act oppositely. The balance between FT and TFL1/CEN is critical to ensure a successful plant life cycle. Here, we present a summarized review of the role and signaling network of PEBP in floral initiation and underground storage organ formation, specifically in tubers and tuberous root crops. Lastly, we point out several questions that need to be answered in order to have a more complete understanding of the PEBP signaling network, which is crucial for the agronomical improvement of tubers and tuberous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendry Susila
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Subramaniam R, Kumar VS. Allele mining, amplicon sequencing and computational prediction of Solanum melongena L. FT/TFL1 gene homologs uncovers putative variants associated to seed dormancy and germination. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285119. [PMID: 37134080 PMCID: PMC10156061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The FT/TFL1 gene homolog family plays a crucial role in the regulation of floral induction, seed dormancy and germination in angiosperms. Despite its importance, the FT/TFL1 gene homologs in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) have not been characterized to date. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of FT/TFL1 genes in eggplant using in silico genome mining. The presence of these genes was validated in four economically important eggplant cultivars (Surya, EP-47 Annamalai, Pant Samrat and Arka Nidhi) through Pacbio RSII amplicon sequencing. Our results revealed the presence of 12 FT/TFL1 gene homologs in eggplant, with evidence of diversification among FT-like genes suggesting their possible adaptations towards various environmental stimuli. The amplicon sequencing also revealed the presence of two alleles for certain genes (SmCEN-1, SmCEN-2, SmMFT-1 and SmMFT-2) of which SmMFT-2 was associated with seed dormancy and germination. This association was further supported by the observation that seed dormancy is rarely reported in domesticated eggplant cultivars, but is commonly observed in wild species. A survey of the genetic regions in domesticated cultivars and a related wild species, S. incanum, showed that the alternative allele of S. incanum was present in some members of the Pant Samrat cultivar, but was absent in most other cultivars. This difference could contribute to the differences in seed traits between wild and domesticated eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Subramaniam
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Vijay Subbiah Kumar
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Yuan X, Quan S, Liu J, Guo C, Zhang Z, Kang C, Niu J. Evolution of the PEBP gene family in Juglandaceae and their regulation of flowering pathway under the synergistic effect of JrCO and JrNF-Y proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:202-212. [PMID: 36347378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) has a conserved PEBP domain and plays an important role in regulating the flowering time and growth of angiosperms. To understand the evolution of PEBP family genes in walnut family and the mechanism of regulating flowering in photoperiod pathway, 53 genes with PEBP domain were identified from 5 Juglandaceae plants. The PEBP gene family of Juglandaceae can be divided into four subgroups, FT-like, TFL-like, MFT-like and PEBP-like subgroups. These genes all show very high homology for motifs and gene structure in Juglandaceae. In addition, the results of gene replication and collinearity analysis showed that the evolution of PEBP genes was mainly purified and selected, and segmental repetition was the main driving force for the evolution of PEBP gene family in walnut family. We found that PEBP gene family played an important role in female flower bud differentiation, and most JrPEBP genes were highly expressed in leaf bud and female flower bud by qRT-PCR. In Arabidopsis, AtCO can not only directly bind to CORE2, but also interact with NF-Y complex to positively regulate the expression of AtFT gene. In this study, we proved that JrCO (the lineal homologue of AtCO) could not directly regulate the expression of JrFT gene, but could enhance the binding of JrNF-YB4/6 protein to the promoter of JrFT gene by forming a heteropolymer with NF-YB4/NF-YB6. We also confirmed that JrNF-YC1/3/7, JrNF-YB4/6 and JrCO can form a trimer structure similar to AtNF-YB-YC-CO of Arabidopsis, and then bind to the promoter of JrFT gene to promote the transcription of JrFT gene. In a word, through identification and analysis of PEBP gene family in Juglandaceae and study on the mechanism of photoperiod pathway regulating flowering in walnut, we have found that nuclear transcription factor NF-YB/YC plays a more important role in the trimer structure of NF-YB-YC-CO in walnut species. Our study has further perfected the flowering regulatory network of walnut species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yuan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaowen Quan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Caihua Guo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianxin Niu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China.
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He Y, Chen W, Tan J, Luo X, Zhou Y, Gong X, Yao J, Zhuang C, Jiang D. Rice CENTRORADIALIS 2 regulates seed germination and salt tolerance via ABA-mediated pathway. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4245-4259. [PMID: 36181524 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A FT/TFL1 subfamily gene, rice CENTRORADIALIS 2, also known as RCN1, regulates seed germination and increase salt tolerance via ABA-mediated pathway. The ABA synthesis and metabolism related genes were changed relative expression levels. Seed germination is a complex biological process that is affected by many factors. Although a number of germination-related genes have been reported, the molecular mechanism of germination regulation has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that the rice OsCEN2 gene can negatively regulate seed germination. The germination speed of OsCEN2-RNAi seeds was significantly faster while that of OsCEN2-overexpression (OE) seeds was slower than that of the wild type (WT). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the OsCEN2 expression was increased in the early stage of seed germination. Exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) on seeds and seedlings showed that OsCEN2-OE seeds and seedlings were highly sensitive to ABA during germination and post-germination growth, respectively. The determination of endogenous ABA content in seeds also showed that the ABA content of OsCEN2-RNAi seeds was lower, while that of OsCEN2-OE seeds was higher. Moreover, the transgenic plants changed salt tolerance because of the altered ABA level. In addition, differences were also observed in the expression of genes related to ABA synthesis and metabolism in the seeds of OsCEN2-transgenic lines. This study reveals that OsCEN2 regulates the germination speed by affecting the content of ABA during seed germination and provides a theoretical basis for research on rice direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juhong Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xixiu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanjin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoting Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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He J, Gu L, Tan Q, Wang Y, Hui F, He X, Chang P, Gong D, Sun Q. Genome-wide analysis and identification of the PEBP genes of Brassica juncea var. Tumida. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:535. [PMID: 35870881 PMCID: PMC9308242 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) is widely present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Plant PEBP genes are mainly involved in flowering transition and nutritional growth. These genes have been studied in several plants; however, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have explored them in Brassica juncea var. tumida. This study identified and characterized the entire PEBP gene family of Brassica juncea var. tumida.
Results
A total of 21 PEBP genes were identified from Brassica juncea var. tumida. Through phylogenetic analysis, the 21 corresponding proteins were classified into the following four clusters: TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-like proteins (n = 8), MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT)-like proteins (n = 5), FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like proteins (n = 6), and ybhB-like proteins (n = 2). A total of 18 genes contained four exons and had similar gene structures in each subfamily except BjMFT1, BjPYBHB1, and Arabidopsis thaliana CENTRORADIALIS homolog of Brassica juncea var. tumida (BjATC1). In the analysis of conserved motif composition, the BjPEBP genes exhibited similar characteristics, except for BjFT3, BjMFT1, BjPYBHB1, BjPYBHB2, and BjATC1. The BjPEBP promoter includes multiple cis-acting elements such as the G-box and I-box elements that respond to light, ABRE and GARE-motif elements that respond to hormones, and MBSI and CAT-box elements that are associated with plant growth and development. Analysis of RNA-Seq data revealed that the expression of a few BjPEBP genes may be associated with the development of a tumorous stem. The results of qRT–PCR showed that BjTFL1 and BjPYBHB1 were highly expressed in the flower tissue, BjFT1 and BjATC1 were mainly expressed in the root, and BjMFT4 were highly detected in the stem. The results of yeast two-hybrid screening suggested that BjFT interacts with Bj14-3-3. These results indicate that BjFT is involved in flowering regulation.
Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to perform a genome-wide analysis of PEBP genes family in Brassica juncea var. tumida. The findings of this study may help improve the yield and molecular breeding of Brassica juncea var. tumida.
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Akhter S, Westrin KJ, Zivi N, Nordal V, Kretzschmar WW, Delhomme N, Street NR, Nilsson O, Emanuelsson O, Sundström JF. Cone-setting in spruce is regulated by conserved elements of the age-dependent flowering pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1951-1963. [PMID: 36076311 PMCID: PMC9825996 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive phase change is well characterized in angiosperm model species, but less studied in gymnosperms. We utilize the early cone-setting acrocona mutant to study reproductive phase change in the conifer Picea abies (Norway spruce), a gymnosperm. The acrocona mutant frequently initiates cone-like structures, called transition shoots, in positions where wild-type P. abies always produces vegetative shoots. We collect acrocona and wild-type samples, and RNA-sequence their messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) fractions. We establish gene expression patterns and then use allele-specific transcript assembly to identify mutations in acrocona. We genotype a segregating population of inbred acrocona trees. A member of the SQUAMOSA BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) gene family, PaSPL1, is active in reproductive meristems, whereas two putative negative regulators of PaSPL1, miRNA156 and the conifer specific miRNA529, are upregulated in vegetative and transition shoot meristems. We identify a mutation in a putative miRNA156/529 binding site of the acrocona PaSPL1 allele and show that the mutation renders the acrocona allele tolerant to these miRNAs. We show co-segregation between the early cone-setting phenotype and trees homozygous for the acrocona mutation. In conclusion, we demonstrate evolutionary conservation of the age-dependent flowering pathway and involvement of this pathway in regulating reproductive phase change in the conifer P. abies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Akhter
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Karl Johan Westrin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE‐171 65SolnaSweden
| | - Nathan Zivi
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
- Skogforsk, Uppsala Science ParkUppsalaSE‐751 83Sweden
| | - Veronika Nordal
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Warren W. Kretzschmar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE‐171 65SolnaSweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE‐901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Nathaniel R. Street
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversitySE‐901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE‐901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Olof Emanuelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE‐171 65SolnaSweden
| | - Jens F. Sundström
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
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Cardon CH, de Oliveira RR, Lesy V, Ribeiro THC, Fust C, Pereira LP, Colasanti J, Chalfun-Junior A. Expression of coffee florigen CaFT1 reveals a sustained floral induction window associated with asynchronous flowering in tropical perennials. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111479. [PMID: 36181945 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of florigen(s) and environment-influenced regulatory pathways that control floral initiation in tropical perennials species with complex phenological cycles is poorly understood. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this process is important for food production in the face of climate change, thus, we used Coffea sp. L. (Rubiaceae) as a model to explore this issue. Homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (CaFT1) and environment-related regulators CONSTANS (CaCO), PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (CaPIF4) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (CaFLC) were retrieved from coffee genomes and identified through phylogenetic analysis. Overexpression of CaFT1 in Arabidopsis caused early-flowering phenotype and yeast two hybrid studies indicated CaFT1 binding to bZIP floral regulator FD, which suggests that CaFT1 is a coffee florigen. Expression of CaFT1 and other floral regulators, together with carbohydrate analysis, were evaluated over one year using three contrasting genotypes, two C. arabica cultivars and C. canephora. All genotypes showed active and variable CaFT1 transcription from February until October, indicating the potential window for floral induction that reached a maximum in the cold period of June. CaCO expression, as expected, varied over a 24-hour day period and monthly with day length, whereas expression of temperature-responsive homologs, CaFLC and CaPIF4, did not correlate with temperature changes nor CaFT1 expression, suggesting alternative FT regulatory pathways in coffee. Based on our results, we suggest a continuum of floral induction that allows different starting points for floral activation, which explains developmental asynchronicity and prolonged anthesis events in tropical perennial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Cardon
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Victoria Lesy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Catherine Fust
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Luísa Peloso Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Joseph Colasanti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Spitzer-Rimon B, Shafran-Tomer H, Gottlieb GH, Doron-Faigenboim A, Zemach H, Kamenetsky-Goldstein R, Flaishman M. Non-photoperiodic transition of female cannabis seedlings from juvenile to adult reproductive stage. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:265-277. [PMID: 36063227 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative-to-reproductive phase transition in female cannabis seedlings occurs autonomously with the de novo development of single flowers. To ensure successful sexual reproduction, many plant species originating from seedlings undergo juvenile-to-adult transition. This phase transition precedes and enables the vegetative-to-reproductive shift in plants, upon perception of internal and/or external signals such as temperature, photoperiod, metabolite levels, and phytohormones. This study demonstrates that the juvenile seedlings of cannabis gradually shift to the adult vegetative stage, as confirmed by the formation of lobed leaves, and upregulation of the phase-transition genes. In the tested cultivar, the switch to the reproductive stage occurs with the development of a pair of single flowers in the 7th node. Histological analysis indicated that transition to the reproductive stage is accomplished by the de novo establishment of new flower meristems which are not present in a vegetative stage, or as dormant meristems at nodes 4 and 6. Moreover, there were dramatic changes in the transcriptomic profile of flowering-related genes among nodes 4, 6, and 7. Downregulation of flowering repressors and an intense increase in the transcription of phase transition-related genes occur in parallel with an increase in the transcription of flowering integrators and meristem identity genes. These results support and provide molecular evidence for previous findings that cannabis possesses an autonomous flowering mechanism and the transition to reproductive phase is controlled in this plant mainly by internal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Spitzer-Rimon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Hadas Shafran-Tomer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Gilad H Gottlieb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Rina Kamenetsky-Goldstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani, HaMaccabbim Road 68, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Vetch JM, Tillett BJ, Bruckner P, Martin JM, Marlowe K, Hooker MA, See DR, Giroux MJ. TAMFT-3A and TAMFT-3B2 homeologs are associated with wheat preharvest sprouting. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20250. [PMID: 35971881 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of preharvest sprouting (PHS), caused by rain after physiological maturity and prior to harvest, negatively affects wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and end use. Investigating the genetics that control PHS resistance may result in increased control of seed dormancy. Multiple genes involved in the development of seed dormancy are associated with PHS. In this study, the TaMFT (3A, 3B1, 3B2, 3D), TaMKK3-4A, and TaVP1-3B genes were assessed for association with PHS in a double-haploid line (DHL) hard red winter wheat population derived from a BC1 cross between the cultivars Loma and Warhorse, where Loma was the recurrent and PHS susceptible parent. The 162 BC1 DHL lines were grown over two field seasons and PHS susceptibility was assessed by measuring PHS resistance in physiologically mature heads. The PHS variation was associated with the TaMFT-A and the B2 homeolog with Loma carrying mutant forms of each gene. No sequence variation between Loma and Warhorse was detected in the exons of the TaMFT-B1 and D homeologs. No association between PHS resistance and TaMKK3-4A or TaVp1-3B variation was observed, though Loma and Warhorse vary for TaMKK3-4A and TaVp1-3B mutations reported to be PHS associated. Previous research has shown TaMFT-3A as having a large impact on PHS resistance. In the current study, the TaMFT-3A and TaMFT-3B2 alleles each explained 14% of observed PHS variation. Markers for both TaMFT-3A and TaMFT-3B2 should be used in selecting for increased wheat dormancy and PHS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Michael Vetch
- Dep. of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., 119 Plant Biosciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
- Current address: Dep. of Research Centers, Montana State Univ., Conrad, MT, 59425, USA
| | - Brandon J Tillett
- Dep. of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., 119 Plant Biosciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
| | - Philip Bruckner
- Dep. of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., 119 Plant Biosciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
| | - John M Martin
- Dep. of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., 119 Plant Biosciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
| | - Karol Marlowe
- Current address: Dep. of Research Centers, Montana State Univ., Conrad, MT, 59425, USA
| | | | - Deven Robert See
- Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ. College of Agricultural Human and Natural Resource Sciences, 291B, Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- USDA-ARS Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Michael J Giroux
- Dep. of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State Univ., 119 Plant Biosciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
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Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhang X, Lin L, Cai M, Cai W, Liu Y, Xiang L, Sun M, Yu X, Li Y. Effects of low temperature on flowering and the expression of related genes in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1000160. [PMID: 36457526 PMCID: PMC9705732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum blooms 2-3 times a year, among which the autumn flowering period has great potential for exploitation, but the number of flowers in the autumn flowering period is much smaller than that in the spring flowering period. METHODS Using 'Hei Zhenzhu' and 'Xiangnong Xiangyun' as experimental materials, the winter growth environment of L. chinense var. rubrum in Changsha, Hunan Province was simulated by setting a low temperature of 6-10°C in an artificial climate chamber to investigate the effect of winter low temperature on the flowering traits and related gene expression of L. chinense var. rubrum. RESULTS The results showed that after 45 days of low temperature culture and a subsequent period of 25°C greenhouse culture, flower buds and flowers started to appear on days 24 and 33 of 25°C greenhouse culture for 'Hei Zhenzhu', and flower buds and flowers started to appear on days 21 and 33 of 25°C greenhouse culture for 'Xiangnong Xiangyun'. The absolute growth rate of buds showed a 'Up-Down' pattern during the 7-28 days of low temperature culture; the chlorophyll fluorescence decay rate (Rfd) of both materials showed a 'Down-Up-Down' pattern during this period. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) showed the same trend as Rfd, and the photochemical quenching coefficient (QP) fluctuated above and below 0.05. The expression of AP1 and FT similar genes of L. chinense var. rubrum gradually increased after the beginning of low temperature culture, reaching the highest expression on day 14 and day 28, respectively, and the expression of both in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The expressions of FLC, SVP and TFL1 similar genes all decreased gradually with low temperature culture, among which the expressions of FLC similar genes and TFL1 similar genes in the experimental group were extremely significantly lower than those in the control group; in the experimental group, the expressions of GA3 similar genes were all extremely significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expressions all increased with the increase of low temperature culture time. DISCUSSION We found that the high expression of gibberellin genes may play an important role in the process of low temperature promotion of L. chinense var. rubrum flowering, and in the future, it may be possible to regulate L. chinense var. rubrum flowering by simply spraying exogenous gibberellin instead of the promotion effect of low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damao Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Qianru Chen
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Hunan Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan, China
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Shemesh-Mayer E, Faigenboim A, Ben Michael TE, Kamenetsky-Goldstein R. Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Elucidation of Flowering in Garlic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213876. [PMID: 36430354 PMCID: PMC9698152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial cultivars of garlic are sterile, and therefore efficient breeding of this crop is impossible. Recent restoration of garlic fertility has opened new options for seed production and hybridization. Transcriptome catalogs were employed as a basis for garlic genetic studies, and in 2020 the huge genome of garlic was fully sequenced. We provide conjoint genomic and transcriptome analysis of the regulatory network in flowering garlic genotypes. The genome analysis revealed phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBP) and LEAFY (LFY) genes that were not found at the transcriptome level. Functions of TFL-like genes were reduced and replaced by FT-like homologs, whereas homologs of MFT-like genes were not found. The discovery of three sequences of LFY-like genes in the garlic genome and confirmation of their alternative splicing suggest their role in garlic florogenesis. It is not yet clear whether AsLFY1 acts alone as the "pioneer transcription factor" or AsLFY2 also provides these functions. The presence of several orthologs of flowering genes that differ in their expression and co-expression network advocates ongoing evolution in the garlic genome and diversification of gene functions. We propose that the process of fertility deprivation in garlic cultivars is based on the loss of transcriptional functions of the specific genes.
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40
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Liu X, Zhao D, Ou C, Hao W, Zhao Z, Zhuang F. Genome-wide identification and characterization profile of phosphatidy ethanolamine-binding protein family genes in carrot. Front Genet 2022; 13:1047890. [PMID: 36437940 PMCID: PMC9696379 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1047890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family of Phosphatidy Ethanolamine-Binding Protein (PEBP) have been shown to be key regulators of the transition of plants from vegetative to reproductive phases. Here, a total of 12 PEBP proteins were identified in the carrot (Daucus carota L.) genome and classified into FT-like (4), TFL1-like (6), and MFT-like 2) subfamilies, that had different lengths (110-267 aa) and were distributed unevenly across seven chromosomes. Moreover, 13 and 31 PEBP proteins were identified in other two Apiaceae species, celery (Apium graveolens L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The phylogenetic and evolutionary results of these PEBP family proteins were obtained based on the protein sequences. In the three Apiaceae species, purifying selection was the main evolutionary force, and WGD, segmental duplication, and dispersed duplication have played key roles in the PEBP family expansion. The expression analysis showed that carrot PEBP genes exhibited relatively broad expression patterns across various tissues. In the period of bolting to flowering, the carrot FT-like subfamily genes were upregulated as positive regulators, and TFL1-like subfamily genes remained at lower expression levels as inhibitors. More interestingly, the members of carrot FT-like genes had different temporal-spatial expression characteristics, suggesting that they have different regulatory functions in the carrot reproductive phase. In summary, this study contributes to our understanding of the PEBP family proteins and provides a foundation for exploring the mechanism of carrot bolting and flowering for the breeding of cultivars with bolting resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Feiyun Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Wang Q, Gao G, Chen X, Liu X, Dong B, Wang Y, Zhong S, Deng J, Fang Q, Zhao H. Genetic studies on continuous flowering in woody plant Osmanthus fragrans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049479. [PMID: 36407607 PMCID: PMC9671776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flowering is a key horticultural trait in ornamental plants, whereas the specific molecular regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. In sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.), plants based on their flowering characteristics are divided into once-flowering (OF) habit and continuous flowering (CF) habit. Here, we first described the flowering phenology shifts of OF and CF habits in sweet osmanthus through paraffin section and microscope assay. Phenotypic characterization showed that CF plants had constant new shoot growth, floral transition, and blooming for 1 year, which might lead to a continuous flowering trait. We performed the transcriptome sequencing of OF and CF sweet osmanthus and analyzed the transcriptional activity of flowering-related genes. Among the genes, three floral integrators, OfFT, OfTFL1, and OfBFT, had a differential expression during the floral transition process in OF and CF habits. The expression patterns of the three genes in 1 year were revealed. The results suggested that their accumulations corresponded to the new shoots occurring and the floral transition process. Function studies suggested that OfFT acted as a flowering activator, whereas OfBFT was a flowering inhibitor. Yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that OfSPL8 was a common upstream transcription factor of OfFT and OfBFT, suggesting the vital role of OfSPL8 in continuous flowering regulation. These results provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of continuous flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiu Fang
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Zhao, ; Qiu Fang,
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Zhong C, Li Z, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Jiang C, Zhao X, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhang H, Liu X, Yu H. Comparative Genomic and Expression Analysis Insight into Evolutionary Characteristics of PEBP Genes in Cultivated Peanuts and Their Roles in Floral Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012429. [PMID: 36293287 PMCID: PMC9604132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in regulating flowering time and various developmental processes. Functions and expression patterns in cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) remain unknown. In this study, 33 PEBP genes in cultivated peanuts were identified and divided into four subgroups: FT, TFL, MFT and FT-like. Gene structure analysis showed that orthologs from A and B genomes in cultivated peanuts had highly similar structures, but some orthologous genes have subgenomic dominance. Gene collinearity and phylogenetic analysis explain that some PEBP genes play key roles in evolution. Cis-element analysis revealed that PEBP genes are mainly regulated by hormones, light signals and stress-related pathways. Multiple PEPB genes had different expression patterns between early and late-flowering genotypes. Further detection of its response to temperature and photoperiod revealed that PEBPs ArahyM2THPA, ArahyEM6VH3, Arahy4GAQ4U, ArahyIZ8FG5, ArahyG6F3P2, ArahyLUT2QN, ArahyDYRS20 and ArahyBBG51B were the key genes controlling the flowering response to different flowering time genotypes, photoperiods and temperature. This study laid the foundation for the functional study of the PEBP gene in cultivated peanuts and the adaptation of peanuts to different environments.
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Mishima K, Hirakawa H, Iki T, Fukuda Y, Hirao T, Tamura A, Takahashi M. Comprehensive collection of genes and comparative analysis of full-length transcriptome sequences from Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and Kuril larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:470. [PMID: 36192701 PMCID: PMC9531402 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) is an economically important deciduous conifer species that grows in cool-temperate forests and is endemic to Japan. Kuril larch (L. gmelinii var. japonica) is a variety of Dahurian larch that is naturally distributed in the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. The hybrid larch (L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) exhibits heterosis, which manifests as rapid juvenile growth and high resistance to vole grazing. Since these superior characteristics have been valued by forestry managers, the hybrid larch is one of the most important plantation species in Hokkaido. To accelerate molecular breeding in these species, we collected and compared full-length cDNA isoforms (Iso-Seq) and RNA-Seq short-read, and merged them to construct candidate gene as reference for both Larix species. To validate the results, candidate protein-coding genes (ORFs) related to some flowering signal-related genes were screened from the reference sequences, and the phylogenetic relationship with closely related species was elucidated. RESULTS Using the isoform sequencing of PacBio RS ll and the de novo assembly of RNA-Seq short-read sequences, we identified 50,690 and 38,684 ORFs in Japanese larch and Kuril larch, respectively. BUSCO completeness values were 90.5% and 92.1% in the Japanese and Kuril larches, respectively. After comparing the collected ORFs from the two larch species, a total of 19,813 clusters, comprising 22,571 Japanese larch ORFs and 22,667 Kuril larch ORFs, were contained in the intersection of the Venn diagram. In addition, we screened several ORFs related to flowering signals (SUPPRESSER OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1: SOC1, LEAFY: LFY, FLOWERING Locus T: FT, CONSTANCE: CO) from both reference sequences, and very similar found in other species. CONCLUSIONS The collected ORFs will be useful as reference sequences for molecular breeding of Japanese and Kuril larches, and also for clarifying the evolution of the conifer genome and investigating functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mishima
- Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 95 Osaki, Takizawa, Iwate, 020-0621, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Taiichi Iki
- Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 95 Osaki, Takizawa, Iwate, 020-0621, Japan
| | - Yoko Fukuda
- Hokkaido Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 561-1 Bunkyodaimidorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Akira Tamura
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
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Liu H, Guo Y, Wang H, Yang W, Yang J, Zhang J, Liu D, El-Kassaby YA, Li W. Involvement of PtCOL5-PtNF-YC4 in reproductive cone development and gibberellin signaling in Chinese pine. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111383. [PMID: 35850285 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC trimer (NF-Y-CO) binds and regulates the FT promoter. However, the FT/TFL1-like (FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINALFLOWER1-like) genes in gymnosperms are all flowering suppressors, and the regulation model of NF-Y in gymnosperms is different from that in angiosperms. Here, using Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis), we identified a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, PtCOL5, the expression of which was strongly induced during cones development and it functioned as a repressor of flowering. PtNF-YC4, which interacted with PtCOL5, was highly correlated with PtCOL5 during growth and development, has been demonstrated. Moreover, PtNF-YC4 and PtCOL5 can bind to PtTFL2 promoter, and their interaction can enhance PtTFL2 expression. Interestingly, we found PtNF-YC4 and PtCOL5 were involved in gibberellin signaling and their interaction was inhibited by PtDELLA protein, thus affecting PtTFL2 expression. Collectively, PtCOL5-PtNF-YC4 was involved in reproductive cone development and gibberellin signaling in Chinese pine. Our findings uncovered reproductive cone development and signal transduction mechanism of COL-NF-Y in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingtian Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huili Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhe Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingxing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Almeida de Jesus D, Batista DM, Monteiro EF, Salzman S, Carvalho LM, Santana K, André T. Structural changes and adaptative evolutionary constraints in FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER1-like genes of flowering plants. Front Genet 2022; 13:954015. [PMID: 36246591 PMCID: PMC9556947 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.954015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of flowering is a crucial event in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. The production of flowers is regulated through the integration of different environmental and endogenous stimuli, many of which involve the activation of different genes in a hierarchical and complex signaling network. The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (FT/TFL1) gene family is known to regulate important aspects of flowering in plants. To better understand the pivotal events that changed FT and TFL1 functions during the evolution of angiosperms, we reconstructed the ancestral sequences of FT/TFL1-like genes and predicted protein structures through in silico modeling to identify determinant sites that evolved in both proteins and allowed the adaptative diversification in the flowering phenology and developmental processes. In addition, we demonstrate that the occurrence of destabilizing mutations in residues located at the phosphatidylcholine binding sites of FT structure are under positive selection, and some residues of 4th exon are under negative selection, which is compensated by the occurrence of stabilizing mutations in key regions and the P-loop to maintain the overall protein stability. Our results shed light on the evolutionary history of key genes involved in the diversification of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid Almeida de Jesus
- Institute of Biology Genetics Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Darlisson Mesquista Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém, Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Elton Figueira Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará Santarém, Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Shayla Salzman
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences. Section of Plant Biology. Cornell University Ithaca, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lucas Miguel Carvalho
- Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, State University of Campinas. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kauê Santana
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Pará Santarém Pará, Santarém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kauê Santana, ; Thiago André,
| | - Thiago André
- Botany Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kauê Santana, ; Thiago André,
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He Y, Li L, Shi W, Tan J, Luo X, Zheng S, Chen W, Li J, Zhuang C, Jiang D. Florigen repression complexes involving rice CENTRORADIALIS2 regulate grain size. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1260-1274. [PMID: 35861433 PMCID: PMC9516737 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is one of the crucial factors determining grain yield. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of florigen repression complexes (FRCs) underlying grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have not been reported. Here, we report that the rice CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) family member OsCEN2 (also known as Rice TFL1/CEN homolog, RCN1), a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family protein, negatively controls grain size in rice. Overexpression of OsCEN2 led to small grains, and knockout of OsCEN2 resulted in large, heavy grains. OsCEN2 influenced grain size by restricting cell expansion in the spikelet hull and seed filling. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, OsCEN2 physically interacted with a G-box factor 14-3-3 homolog, GF14f, which negatively regulates grain size. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that GF14f directly interacts with the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, OsFD2. Plants overexpressing OsFD2 produced smaller and lighter grains than wild-type plants. We found that OsFD2 also influences grain size by controlling cell expansion and division in the spikelet hull. Our results reveal the molecular mechanisms of the OsCEN2-GF14f-OsFD2 regulatory module in controlling grain size. Additionally, our study provides insight into the functions of the FRC in rice and suggests a strategy for improving seed size and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weibiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juhong Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xixiu Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Sun L, Nie T, Chen Y, Yin Z. From Floral Induction to Blooming: The Molecular Mysteries of Flowering in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810959. [PMID: 36142871 PMCID: PMC9500781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a pivotal developmental process in response to the environment and determines the start of a new life cycle in plants. Woody plants usually possess a long juvenile nonflowering phase followed by an adult phase with repeated flowering cycles. The molecular mechanism underlying flowering regulation in woody plants is believed to be much more complex than that in annual herbs. In this review, we briefly describe the successive but distinct flowering processes in perennial trees, namely the vegetative phase change, the floral transition, floral organogenesis, and final blooming, and summarize in detail the most recent advances in understanding how woody plants regulate flowering through dynamic gene expression. Notably, the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT) and its antagonistic gene TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) seem to play a central role in various flowering transition events. Flower development in different taxa requires interactions between floral homeotic genes together with AGL6 conferring floral organ identity. Finally, we illustrate the issues and corresponding measures of flowering regulation investigation. It is of great benefit to the future study of flowering in perennial trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tangjie Nie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zengfang Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-85427316
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Gu H, Zhang K, Chen J, Gull S, Chen C, Hou Y, Li X, Miao J, Zhou Y, Liang G. OsFTL4, an FT-like Gene, Regulates Flowering Time and Drought Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:47. [PMID: 36068333 PMCID: PMC9448835 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of flowering in cereals is a critical process influenced by environmental and endogenous signals. Flowering Locus T-like (FT-like) genes encode the main signals for flowering. Of the 13 FT-like genes in the rice genome, Hd3a/OsFTL2 and RFT1/OsFTL3 have been extensively studied and revealed to be critical for flowering. In this study, a rice FT-like gene, OsFTL4, was functionally characterized. Specifically, osftl4 mutants were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared with the wild-type control (Guangluai 4), the osftl4-1 and osftl4-2 mutants flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier under natural long-day and short-day conditions, respectively. Additionally, OsFTL4 was mainly expressed in the vascular tissue, with the resulting OsFTL4 protein localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, OsFTL4 was observed to compete with Hd3a for the interaction with multiple 14-3-3 proteins. An analysis of the effects of simulated drought stress suggested that silencing OsFTL4 enhances drought tolerance by decreasing stomatal conductance and water loss. These results indicate that OsFTL4 helps integrate the flowering process and the drought response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kunming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sadia Gull
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chuyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yafei Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangbo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Wang S, Yang Y, Chen F, Jiang J. Functional diversification and molecular mechanisms of FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family genes in horticultural plants. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 37789396 PMCID: PMC10515248 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is an important process in higher plants and is regulated by a variety of factors, including light, temperature, and phytohormones. Flowering restriction has a considerable impact on the commodity value and production cost of many horticultural crops. In Arabidopsis, the FT/TFL1 gene family has been shown to integrate signals from various flowering pathways and to play a key role in the transition from flower production to seed development. Studies in several plant species of the FT/TFL1 gene family have revealed it harbors functional diversity in the regulation of flowering. Here, we review the functional evolution of the FT/TFL1 gene family in horticulture plants and its unique regulatory mechanisms; in addition, the FT/TFL1 family of genes as an important potential breeding target is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiman Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zuo X, Xiang W, Li K, Liu Y, Zheng S, Khan A, Zhang D. MdGRF11, a growth-regulating factor, participates in the regulation of flowering time and interacts with MdTFL1/MdFT1 in apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111339. [PMID: 35696931 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and tolerance to stresses. However, there has been no in-depth research on the GRF genes and their roles in apple. A total of sixteen GRF genes were identified in the apple genome (GDDH13 V1.1), that expressed differentially in various tissues, in which the highest expression levels were observed particularly in shoot tips and apical buds. Among MdGRFs, the MdGRF11 was cloned and further investigated. Overexpression of the MdGRF11 in Arabidopsis plants promoted flowering, root elongation and leaf size. Further investigation indicated that MdGRF11 interacts with key flower genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1). The transient assays demonstrated that MdGRF11 represses the expression of knotted-like homeobox (MdKNOX19). Furthermore, MdTFL1 can compete with MdFT1 for complex formation with MdGRF11 to regulate the expression of MdKNOX19. Taken together, our results suggest that MdGRF11 protein is involved in fine-tuning of the floral transition possibly through interaction with the MdFT1 and MdTFL1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zuo
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wen Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shangong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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