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Song J, Wang A, Zhu W, Yang L, Xie Z, Han X, Wang B, Tian B, Zhang L, Chen W, Wei F, Shi G. A cotton endoreduplication gene, GaTOP6B, regulates trichome branching development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108888. [PMID: 38954944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal structures that protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses by synthesizing, storing, and secreting defensive compounds. This study investigates the role of the Gossypium arboreum DNA topoisomerase VI subunit B gene (GaTOP6B) in trichome development and branching. Sequence alignment revealed a high similarity between GaTOP6B and AtTOP6B, suggesting a conserved function in trichome regulation. Although AtTOP6B acts as a positive regulator of trichome development, functional analyses showed contrasting effects: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GaTOP6B in cotton increased trichome density, while its overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased trichome density but enhanced branching. This demonstrates that GaTOP6B negatively regulates trichome number, indicating species-specific roles in trichome initiation and branching between cotton and Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the GaTOP6B promotes jasmonic acid synthesis, which in turn inhibits the G1/S or G2/M transitions, stalling the cell cycle. On the other hand, it suppresses brassinolide synthesis and signaling while promoting cytokinin degradation, further inhibiting mitosis. These hormonal interactions facilitate the transition of cells from the mitotic cycle to the endoreduplication cycle. As the level of endoreduplication increases, trichomes develop an increased number of branches. These findings highlight GaTOP6B's critical role as a regulator of trichome development, providing new genetic targets for improving cotton varieties in terms of enhanced adaptability and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Song
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xingzhou Han
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Xu F, Valappil AK, Zheng S, Zheng B, Yang D, Wang Q. 3,5-DCQA as a Major Molecule in MeJA-Treated Dendropanax morbifera Adventitious Root to Promote Anti-Lung Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Biomolecules 2024; 14:705. [PMID: 38927108 PMCID: PMC11201925 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Phytochemicals are crucial antioxidants that play a significant role in preventing cancer. (2) Methods: We explored the use of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the in vitro cultivation of D. morbifera adventitious roots (DMAR) and evaluated its impact on secondary metabolite production in DMAR, optimizing concentration and exposure time for cost-effectiveness. We also assessed its anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities and related gene expression levels. (3) Results: MeJA treatment significantly increased the production of the phenolic compound 3,5-Di-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA). The maximum 3,5-DCQA production was achieved with a MeJA treatment at 40 µM for 36 h. MeJA-DMARE displayed exceptional anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it downregulated the mRNA expression of key inflammation-related cytokines. Additionally, MeJA-DMARE exhibited anti-lung cancer activity by promoting ROS production in A549 lung cancer cells and inhibiting its migration. It also modulated apoptosis in lung cancer cells via the Bcl-2 and p38 MAPK pathways. (4) Conclusions: MeJA-treated DMARE with increased 3,5-DCQA production holds significant promise as a sustainable and novel material for pharmaceutical applications thanks to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lung cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (F.X.); (S.Z.)
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Anjali Kariyarath Valappil
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shaojian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (F.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Deokchun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Lu X, Zhang F, Zhang C, Li G, Du Y, Zhao C, Zhao W, Gao F, Fu L, Liu X, Liu J, Wang X. TaTPS11 enhances wheat cold resistance by regulating source-sink factor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108695. [PMID: 38744088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The presence of sugar in plant tissue can lead to an increase in the osmotic pressure within cells, a decrease in the freezing point of plants, and protection against ice crystal damage to the tissue. Trehalose is closely related to sucrose, which comprises the largest proportion of sugar and has become a hot topic of research in recent years. Our previous studies have confirmed that a key trehalose synthesis gene, TaTPS11, from the cold-resistant winter wheat DM1, could enhance the cold resistance of plants by increasing sugar content. However, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we cloned TaTPS11-6D, edited TaTPS11-6D using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and transformed 'Fielder' to obtain T2 generation plants. We screened out OE3-3 and OE8-7 lines with significantly higher cold resistance than that of 'Fielder' and Cri 4-3 edited lines with significantly lower cold resistance than that of 'Fielder'. Low temperature storage limiting factors were measured for OE3-3, OE8-7 and Cri 4-3 treated at different temperatures.The results showed that TaTPS11-6D significantly increased the content of sugar in plants and the transfer of sugar from source to storage organs under cold conditions. The TaTPS11-6D significantly increased the levels of salicylic, jasmonic, and abscisic acids while also significantly decreasing the level of gibberellic acid. Our research improves the model of low temperature storage capacity limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fuzhi Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Information Engineering, Harbin, 150431, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guorui Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Du
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cicong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengmei Gao
- Crop Resources Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lianshuang Fu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Moy A, Nkongolo K. Decrypting Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Copper and Nickel Toxicity in Jack Pine ( Pinus banksiana) Based on Transcriptomic Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1042. [PMID: 38611570 PMCID: PMC11013723 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of copper and nickel-afflicted sites is challenged by the different physiological effects imposed by each metal on a given plant system. Pinus banksiana is resilient against copper and nickel, providing an opportunity to build a valuable resource to investigate the responding gene expression toward each metal. The objectives of this study were to (1) extend the analysis of the Pinus banksiana transcriptome exposed to nickel and copper, (2) assess the differential gene expression in nickel-resistant compared to copper-resistant genotypes, and (3) identify mechanisms specific to each metal. The Illumina platform was used to sequence RNA that was extracted from seedlings treated with each of the metals. There were 449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between copper-resistant genotypes (RGs) and nickel-resistant genotypes (RGs) at a high stringency cut-off, indicating a distinct pattern of gene expression toward each metal. For biological processes, 19.8% of DEGs were associated with the DNA metabolic process, followed by the response to stress (13.15%) and the response to chemicals (8.59%). For metabolic function, 27.9% of DEGs were associated with nuclease activity, followed by nucleotide binding (27.64%) and kinase activity (10.16%). Overall, 21.49% of DEGs were localized to the plasma membrane, followed by the cytosol (16.26%) and chloroplast (12.43%). Annotation of the top upregulated genes in copper RG compared to nickel RG identified genes and mechanisms that were specific to copper and not to nickel. NtPDR, AtHIPP10, and YSL1 were identified as genes associated with copper resistance. Various genes related to cell wall metabolism were identified, and they included genes encoding for HCT, CslE6, MPG, and polygalacturonase. Annotation of the top downregulated genes in copper RG compared to nickel RG revealed genes and mechanisms that were specific to nickel and not copper. Various regulatory and signaling-related genes associated with the stress response were identified. They included UGT, TIFY, ACC, dirigent protein, peroxidase, and glyoxyalase I. Additional research is needed to determine the specific functions of signaling and stress response mechanisms in nickel-resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabwe Nkongolo
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1893-1913. [PMID: 38289877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wu R, Liu Z, Sun S, Qin A, Liu H, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu Y, Hu M, Yang J, Rochaix JD, An G, Herrera-Estrella L, Tran LSP, Sun X. Identification of bZIP Transcription Factors That Regulate the Development of Leaf Epidermal Cells in Arabidopsis thaliana by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2553. [PMID: 38473801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and trichome cells. The development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, and transcription factors. How the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of their regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely bZIP25 and bZIP53, which are highly expressed in pavement cells and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of pavement cells and trichome cells were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in bzip25 and bzip53 mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of jasmonic acid, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of trichome cells and pavement cells in response to jasmonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Susu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Mengke Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guoyong An
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xuwu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
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Duan SF, Zhao Y, Yu JC, Xiang GS, Xiao L, Cui R, Hu QQ, Baldwin TC, Lu YC, Liang YL. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor gene family and screening of candidate genes involved in floral development in Coptis teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae). Front Genet 2024; 15:1349673. [PMID: 38317660 PMCID: PMC10839097 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1349673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: C2H2-zinc finger transcription factors comprise one of the largest and most diverse gene superfamilies and are involved in the transcriptional regulation of flowering. Although a large number of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) have been well characterized in a number of model plant species, little is known about their expression and function in Coptis teeta. C. teeta displays two floral phenotypes (herkogamy phenotypes). It has been proposed that the C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor family may play a crucial role in the formation of floral development and herkogamy observed in C. teeta. As such, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the C2H2-ZFP gene family in C. teeta. Results: The complexity and diversity of C. teeta C2H2 zinc finger proteins were established by evaluation of their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron structure, and conserved motifs. Chromosome localization showed that 95 members of the C2H2 zinc-finger genes were unevenly distributed across the nine chromosomes of C. teeta, and that these genes were replicated in tandem and segmentally and had undergone purifying selection. Analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements revealed a possible involvement of C2H2 zinc-finger proteins in the regulation of phytohormones. Transcriptome data was then used to compare the expression levels of these genes during the growth and development of the two floral phenotypes (F-type and M-type). These data demonstrate that in groups A and B, the expression levels of 23 genes were higher in F-type flowers, while 15 genes showed higher expressions in M-type flowers. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that the relative expression was highly consistent with the transcriptome data. Conclusion: These data provide a solid basis for further in-depth studies of the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene family in this species and provide preliminary information on which to base further research into the role of the C2H2 ZFPs gene family in floral development in C. teeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Feng Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji-Chen Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Hu
- Zhongshan Zhongzhi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Timothy Charles Baldwin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ying-Chun Lu
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Education and Vocational Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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8
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Liu C, Dong K, Du H, Wang X, Sun J, Hu Q, Luo H, Sun X. AsHSP26.2, a creeping bentgrass chloroplast small heat shock protein positively regulates plant development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:32. [PMID: 38195772 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The creeping bentgrass small heat shock protein AsHSP26.2 positively regulates plant growth and is a novel candidate for use in crop genetic engineering for enhanced biomass production and grain yield. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), a family of proteins with high level of diversity, significantly influence plant stress tolerance and plant development. We have cloned a creeping bentgrass chloroplast-localized sHSP gene, AsHSP26.2 responsive to IAA, GA and 6-BA stimulation. Transgenic creeping bentgrass overexpressing AsHSP26.2 exhibited significantly enhanced plant growth with increased stolon number and length as well as enlarged leaf blade width and leaf sheath diameters, but inhibited leaf trichomes initiation and development in the abaxial epidermis. These phenotypes are completely opposite to those displayed in the transgenic plants overexpressing AsHSP26.8, another chloroplast sHSP26 isoform that contains additional seven amino acids (AEGQGDG) between the consensus regions III and IV (Sun et al., Plant Cell Environ 44:1769-1787, 2021). Furthermore, AsHSP26.2 overexpression altered phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling transduction, resulting in elevated auxin and gibberellins (GA) accumulation. The results obtained provide novel insights implicating the sHSPs in plant growth and development regulation, and strongly suggest AsHSP26.2 to be a novel candidate for use in crop genetic engineering for enhanced plant biomass production and grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangting Dong
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Du
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jianmiao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 110 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Xinbo Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Falquetto-Gomes P, Silva WJ, Siqueira JA, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. From epidermal cells to functional pores: Understanding stomatal development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154163. [PMID: 38118303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, small hydromechanical valves in the leaf epidermis, are fundamental in regulating gas exchange and water loss between plants and the environment. Stomatal development involves a series of coordinated events ranging from the initial cell division that determines the meristemoid mother cells to forming specialized structures such as guard cells. These events are orchestrated by the transcription factors SPEECHLESS, FAMA, and MUTE through signaling networks. The role of plant hormones (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and brassinosteroids) in regulating stomatal development has been elucidated through these signaling cascades. In addition, environmental factors, such as light availability and CO2 concentration, also regulate the density and distribution of stomata in leaves, ultimately affecting overall water use efficiency. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying stomatal development, connecting key signaling processes that activate or inhibit cell differentiation responsible for forming guard cells in the leaf epidermis. The factors responsible for integrating transcription factors, hormonal responses, and the influence of climatic factors on the signaling network that leads to stomatal development in plants are further discussed. Understanding the intricate connections between these factors, including the metabolic regulation of plant development, may enable us to maximize plant productivity under specific environmental conditions in changing climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Falquetto-Gomes
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Welson Júnior Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Siqueira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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10
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Krasauskas J, Ganie SA, Al-Husari A, Bindschedler L, Spanu P, Ito M, Devoto A. Jasmonates, gibberellins, and powdery mildew modify cell cycle progression and evoke differential spatiotemporal responses along the barley leaf. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:180-203. [PMID: 37611210 PMCID: PMC10735486 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal crop, and its development, defence, and stress responses are modulated by different hormones including jasmonates (JAs) and the antagonistic gibberellins (GAs). Barley productivity is severely affected by the foliar biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria hordei. In this study, primary leaves were used to examine the molecular processes regulating responses to methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and GA to B. hordei infection along the leaf axis. Flow cytometry, microscopy, and spatiotemporal expression patterns of genes associated with JA, GA, defence, and the cell cycle provided insights on cell cycle progression and on the gradient of susceptibility to B. hordei observed along the leaf. Notably, the combination of B. hordei with MeJA or GA pre-treatment had a different effect on the expression patterns of the analysed genes compared to individual treatments. MeJA reduced susceptibility to B. hordei in the proximal part of the leaf blade. Overall, distinctive spatiotemporal gene expression patterns correlated with different degrees of cell proliferation, growth capacity, responses to hormones, and B. hordei infection along the leaf. Our results highlight the need to further investigate differential spatial and temporal responses to pathogens at the organ, tissue, and cell levels in order to devise effective disease control strategies in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovaras Krasauskas
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Aroub Al-Husari
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Laurence Bindschedler
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Pietro Spanu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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11
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Zumel D, Diéguez X, Werner O, Moreno-Ortiz MC, Muñoz J, Ros RM. High endoreduplication after drought-related conditions in haploid but not diploid mosses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1249-1258. [PMID: 37823772 PMCID: PMC10902894 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoreduplication, the duplication of the nuclear genome without mitosis, is a common process in plants, especially in angiosperms and mosses. Accumulating evidence supports the relationship between endoreduplication and plastic responses to stress factors. Here, we investigated the level of endoreduplication in Ceratodon (Bryophyta), which includes the model organism Ceratodon purpureus. METHODS We used flow cytometry to estimate the DNA content of 294 samples from 67 localities and found three well-defined cytotypes, two haploids and one diploid, the haploids corresponding to C. purpureus and Ceratodon amazonum, and the diploid to Ceratodon conicus, recombination occurring between the former two. KEY RESULTS The endoreduplication index (EI) was significantly different for each cytotype, being higher in the two haploids. In addition, the EI of the haploids was higher during the hot and dry periods typical of the Mediterranean summer than during spring, whereas the EI of the diploid cytotype did not differ between seasons. CONCLUSIONS Endopolyploidy may be essential in haploid mosses to buffer periods of drought and to respond rapidly to desiccation events. Our results also suggest that the EI is closely related to the basic ploidy level, but less so to the nuclear DNA content as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zumel
- Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - X Diéguez
- Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Werner
- Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M C Moreno-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Muñoz
- Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Ros
- Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Akhiyarova G, Vafina G, Veselov D, Kudoyarova G. Immunolocalization of Jasmonates and Auxins in Pea Roots in Connection with Inhibition of Root Growth under Salinity Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15148. [PMID: 37894828 PMCID: PMC10606536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of root elongation is an important growth response to salinity, which is thought to be regulated by the accumulation of jasmonates and auxins in roots. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the interaction of these hormones in the regulation of the growth response to salinity are still not clear enough. Their better understanding depends on the study of the distribution of jasmonates and auxins between root cells. This was achieved with the help of immunolocalization of auxin (indoleacetic acid) and jasmonates on the root sections of pea plants. Salinity inhibited root elongation and decreased the size of the meristem zone and the length of cells in the elongation zone. Immunofluorescence based on the use of appropriate, specific antibodies that recognize auxins and jasmonates revealed an increased abundance of both hormones in the meristem zone. The obtained data suggests the participation of either auxins or jasmonates in the inhibition of cell division, which leads to a decrease in the size of the meristem zone. The level of only auxin and not jasmonate increased in the elongation zone. However, since some literature evidence argues against inhibition of root cell division by auxins, while jasmonates have been shown to inhibit this process, we came to the conclusion that elevated jasmonate is a more likely candidate for inhibiting root meristem activity under salinity conditions. Data suggests that auxins, not jasmonates, reduce cell size in the elongation zone of salt-stressed plants, a suggestion supported by the known ability of auxins to inhibit root cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia; (G.A.); (G.V.); (D.V.)
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13
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Zhu X, Xu Z, Wang G, Cong Y, Yu L, Jia R, Qin Y, Zhang G, Li B, Yuan D, Tu L, Yang X, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Jin S. Single-cell resolution analysis reveals the preparation for reprogramming the fate of stem cell niche in cotton lateral meristem. Genome Biol 2023; 24:194. [PMID: 37626404 PMCID: PMC10463415 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis is a major process for plant regeneration. However, cell communication and the gene regulatory network responsible for cell reprogramming during somatic embryogenesis are still largely unclear. Recent advances in single-cell technologies enable us to explore the mechanism of plant regeneration at single-cell resolution. RESULTS We generate a high-resolution single-cell transcriptomic landscape of hypocotyl tissue from the highly regenerable cotton genotype Jin668 and the recalcitrant TM-1. We identify nine putative cell clusters and 23 cluster-specific marker genes for both cultivars. We find that the primary vascular cell is the major cell type that undergoes cell fate transition in response to external stimulation. Further developmental trajectory and gene regulatory network analysis of these cell clusters reveals that a total of 41 hormone response-related genes, including LAX2, LAX1, and LOX3, exhibit different expression patterns in the primary xylem and cambium region of Jin668 and TM-1. We also identify novel genes, including CSEF, PIS1, AFB2, ATHB2, PLC2, and PLT3, that are involved in regeneration. We demonstrate that LAX2, LAX1 and LOX3 play important roles in callus proliferation and plant regeneration by CRISPR/Cas9 editing and overexpression assay. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights on the role of the regulatory network in cell fate transition and reprogramming during plant regeneration driven by somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Zhu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yulong Cong
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ruoyu Jia
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wulumuqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Daojun Yuan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Tu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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14
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Uyehara AN, Del Valle-Echevarria AR, Hunter CT, Nelissen H, Demuynck K, Cahill JF, Gorman Z, Jander G, Muszynski MG. Cytokinin Promotes Jasmonic Acid Accumulation in the Control of Maize Leaf Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3014. [PMID: 37631225 PMCID: PMC10459232 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ growth results from the combined activity of cell division and cell expansion. The co-ordination of these two processes depends on the interplay between multiple hormones that determine the final organ size. Using the semidominant Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant that hypersignals the perception of cytokinin (CK), we show that CK can reduce leaf size and growth rate by decreasing cell division. Linked to CK hypersignaling, the Hsf1 mutant has an increased jasmonic acid (JA) content, a hormone that can inhibit cell division. The treatment of wild-type seedlings with exogenous JA reduces maize leaf size and growth rate, while JA-deficient maize mutants have increased leaf size and growth rate. Expression analysis revealed the increased transcript accumulation of several JA pathway genes in the Hsf1 leaf growth zone. A transient treatment of growing wild-type maize shoots with exogenous CK also induced the expression of JA biosynthetic genes, although this effect was blocked by the co-treatment with cycloheximide. Together, our results suggest that CK can promote JA accumulation, possibly through the increased expression of specific JA pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N. Uyehara
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | - Charles T. Hunter
- Chemistry Research, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.T.H.)
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - James F. Cahill
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Zachary Gorman
- Chemistry Research, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (C.T.H.)
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael G. Muszynski
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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15
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Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Plant Hormone Modularity and the Survival-Reproduction Trade-Off. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1143. [PMID: 37627027 PMCID: PMC10452219 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological modularity refers to the organization of living systems into separate functional units that interact in different combinations to promote individual well-being and species survival. Modularity provides a framework for generating and selecting variations that can lead to adaptive evolution. While the exact mechanisms underlying the evolution of modularity are still being explored, it is believed that the pressure of conflicting demands on limited resources is a primary selection force. One prominent example of conflicting demands is the trade-off between survival and reproduction. In this review, we explore the available evidence regarding the modularity of plant hormones within the context of the survival-reproduction trade-off. Our findings reveal that the cytokinin module is dedicated to maximizing reproduction, while the remaining hormone modules function to ensure reproduction. The signaling mechanisms of these hormone modules reflect their roles in this survival-reproduction trade-off. While the cytokinin response pathway exhibits a sequence of activation events that aligns with the developmental robustness expected from a hormone focused on reproduction, the remaining hormone modules employ double-negative signaling mechanisms, which reflects the necessity to prevent the excessive allocation of resources to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan A. Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
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16
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Moy A, Czajka K, Michael P, Nkongolo K. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Changes in Whole Gene Expression, Biological Process, and Molecular Functions Induced by Nickel in Jack Pine ( Pinus banksiana). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2889. [PMID: 37571042 PMCID: PMC10421529 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic response of plants to nickel stress is a necessary step to improving the utility of plants in environmental remediation and restoration. The main objective of this study was to generate whole genome expression profiles of P. banksiana exposed to nickel ion toxicity compared to reference genotypes. Pinus banksiana seedlings were screened in a growth chamber setting using a high concentration of 1600 mg of nickel per 1 kg of soil. RNA was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina platform, followed by de novo transcriptome assembly. Overall, 25,552 transcripts were assigned gene ontology. The biological processes in water-treated samples were analyzed, and 55% of transcripts were distributed among five categories: DNA metabolic process (19.3%), response to stress (13.3%), response to chemical stimuli (8.7%), signal transduction (7.7%) and response to biotic stimulus (6.0%). For molecular function, the highest percentages of genes were involved in nucleotide binding (27.6%), nuclease activity (27.3%) and kinase activity (10.3%). Sixty-two percent of genes were associated with cellular compartments. Of these genes, 21.7% were found in the plasma membrane, 16.1% in the cytosol, 12.4% with the chloroplast and 11.9% in the extracellular region. Nickel ions induced changes in gene expression, resulting in the emergence of differentially regulated categories. Overall, there were significant changes in gene expression with a total 4128 genes upregulated and 3754 downregulated genes detected in nickel-treated genotypes compared to water-treated control plants. For biological processes, the highest percentage of upregulated genes in plants exposed to nickel were associated with the response to stress (15%), the response to chemicals (11,1%), carbohydrate metabolic processes (7.4%) and catabolic processes (7.4%). The largest proportions of downregulated genes were associated with the biosynthetic process (21%), carbohydrate metabolic process (14.3%), response to biotic stimulus (10.7%) and response to stress (10.7%). For molecular function, genes encoding for enzyme regulatory and hydrolase activities represented the highest proportion (61%) of upregulated gene. The majority of downregulated genes were involved in the biosynthetic processes. Overall, 58% of upregulated genes were located in the extracellular region and the nucleus, while 42% of downregulated genes were localized to the plasma membrane and 33% to the extracellular region. This study represents the first report of a transcriptome from a conifer species treated with nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kabwe Nkongolo
- Biomolecular Sciences Program and Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (K.C.); (P.M.)
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17
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Duan X, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen H, Wang F, Hu Y. Integrated physicochemical, hormonal, and transcriptomic analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of callus formation in Pinellia ternata hydroponic cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189499. [PMID: 37409296 PMCID: PMC10319145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction P. ternata is a perennial herb of the family Araceae that grows in China and has various medicinal properties and applications. At present, the artificial cultivation of P. ternata is constrained by seedling propagation. To address the problems of low seedling breeding propagation efficiency and high cost, our group has developed a highly efficient cultivation technology for "hydroponic cuttings of P. ternata "for the first time. P. ternata is used as the source material and is grown in a hydroponic system, increasing the seedling production rate 10-fold compared with the traditional cultivation mode. However, the callus formation mechanism in cuttings from hydroponic cultivation is still remains unclear. Methods In order to better understand the biological process of callus formation in cuttings from hydroponic P. ternata, anatomical characterization, endogenous hormone content determination and transcriptome sequencing were performed on five callus stages from early growth to early senescence. Results Regarding the four major hormones during the callus developmental stages of P. ternata hydroponic cuttings, cytokinins showed an increasing trend during callus formation. IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) and abscisic acid contents increased at 8d and then decreased, while jasmonic acid content gradually decreased. A total of 254137 unigenes were identified by transcriptome sequencing in five callus formation stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that differentially expressed unigenes were involved in various plant hormone signaling and hormone synthesis-related pathways. The expression patterns of 7 genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Discussion This study presented integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis approach to obtain insights into the underlying biosynthetic mechanisms and function of key hormones involved in the callus formation process from hydroponic P. ternata cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongping Chen
- *Correspondence: Hongping Chen, ; Fu Wang, ; Yuan Hu,
| | - Fu Wang
- *Correspondence: Hongping Chen, ; Fu Wang, ; Yuan Hu,
| | - Yuan Hu
- *Correspondence: Hongping Chen, ; Fu Wang, ; Yuan Hu,
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18
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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19
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Yang C, Bai Y, Halitschke R, Gase K, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT. Exploring the metabolic basis of growth/defense trade-offs in complex environments with Nicotiana attenuata plants cosilenced in NaMYC2a/b expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:349-366. [PMID: 36636784 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to challenges from herbivores and competitors, plants use fitness-limiting resources to produce (auto)toxic defenses. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors (TF), is thought to reconfigure metabolism to minimize these formal costs of defense and optimize fitness in complex environments. To study the context-dependence of this metabolic reconfiguration, we cosilenced NaMYC2a/b by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata and phenotyped plants in the field and increasingly realistic glasshouse setups with competitors and mobile herbivores. NaMYC2a/b had normal phytohormonal responses, and higher growth and fitness in herbivore-reduced environments, but were devastated in high herbivore-load environments in the field due to diminished accumulations of specialized metabolites. In setups with competitors and mobile herbivores, irMYC2a/b plants had lower fitness than empty vector (EV) in single-genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed-genotype setups. Correlational analyses of metabolic, resistance, and growth traits revealed the expected defense/growth associations for most sectors of primary and specialized metabolism. Notable exceptions were some HGL-DTGs and phenolamides that differed between single-genotype and mixed-genotype setups, consistent with expectations of a blurred functional trichotomy of metabolites. MYC2 TFs mediate the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolic sectors to allow plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Yang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Yuechen Bai
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
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20
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Welling MT, Deseo MA, O’Brien M, Clifton J, Bacic A, Doblin MS. Metabolomic analysis of methyl jasmonate treatment on phytocannabinoid production in Cannabis sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110144. [PMID: 37025140 PMCID: PMC10070988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a multi-use and chemically complex plant which is utilized for food, fiber, and medicine. Plants produce a class of psychoactive and medicinally important specialized metabolites referred to as phytocannabinoids (PCs). The phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a naturally occurring methyl ester of jasmonic acid and a product of oxylipin biosynthesis which initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of a broad range of specialized metabolites across a number of diverse plant lineages. While the effects of exogenous MeJA application on PC production has been reported, treatments have been constrained to a narrow molar range and to the targeted analysis of a small number of compounds. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition, we examined the global metabolomic effects of MeJA in C. sativa to explore oxylipin-mediated regulation of PC biosynthesis and accumulation. A dose-response relationship was observed, with an almost two-fold increase in PC content found in inflorescences of female clones treated with 15 mM MeJA compared to the control group. Comparison of the inflorescence metabolome across MeJA treatments coupled with targeted transcript analysis was used to elucidate key regulatory components contributing to PC production and metabolism more broadly. Revealing these biological signatures improves our understanding of the role of the oxylipin pathway in C. sativa and provides putative molecular targets for the metabolic engineering and optimization of chemical phenotype for medicinal and industrial end-uses.
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21
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Napieraj N, Janicka M, Reda M. Interactions of Polyamines and Phytohormones in Plant Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1159. [PMID: 36904019 PMCID: PMC10005635 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous environmental conditions negatively affect plant production. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, temperature, and heavy metals, cause damage at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level, and limit plant growth, development, and survival. Studies have indicated that small amine compounds, polyamines (PAs), play a key role in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Pharmacological and molecular studies, as well as research using genetic and transgenic approaches, have revealed the favorable effects of PAs on growth, ion homeostasis, water maintenance, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and antioxidant systems in many plant species under abiotic stress. PAs display a multitrack action: regulating the expression of stress response genes and the activity of ion channels; improving the stability of membranes, DNA, and other biomolecules; and interacting with signaling molecules and plant hormones. In recent years the number of reports indicating crosstalk between PAs and phytohormones in plant response to abiotic stresses has increased. Interestingly, some plant hormones, previously known as plant growth regulators, can also participate in plant response to abiotic stresses. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to summarize the most significant results that represent the interactions between PAs and plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, ethylene, jasmonates, and gibberellins, in plants under abiotic stress. The future perspectives for research focusing on the crosstalk between PAs and plant hormones were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Reda
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
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22
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Guo Z, Hao K, Lv Z, Yu L, Bu Q, Ren J, Zhang H, Chen R, Zhang L. Profiling of phytohormone-specific microRNAs and characterization of the miR160-ARF1 module involved in glandular trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:591-605. [PMID: 36478140 PMCID: PMC9946145 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in plant development and secondary metabolism through different modes of sequence-specific interaction with their targets. Artemisinin biosynthesis is extensively regulated by phytohormones. However, the function of phytohormone-responsive miRNAs in artemisinin biosynthesis remains enigmatic. Thus, we combined the analysis of transcriptomics, small RNAs, and the degradome to generate a comprehensive resource for identifying key miRNA-target circuits involved in the phytohormone-induced process of artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. In total, 151 conserved and 52 novel miRNAs and their 4132 targets were determined. Based on the differential expression analysis, miR160 was selected as a potential miRNA involved in artemisinin synthesis. Overexpressing MIR160 significantly impaired glandular trichome formation and suppressed artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua, while repressing its expression resulted in the opposite effect, indicating that miR160 negatively regulates glandular trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis. RNA ligase-mediated 5' RACE and transient transformation assays showed that miR160 mediates the RNA cleavage of Auxin Response Factor 1 (ARF1) in A. annua. Furthermore, ARF1 was shown to increase artemisinin synthesis by activating AaDBR2 expression. Taken together, our results reveal the intrinsic link between the miR160-ARF1 module and artemisinin biosynthesis, and may expedite the innovation of metabolic engineering approaches for high and stable production of artemisinin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Guo
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- School of Food and BioengineeringFujian Polytechnic Normal UniversityFuqingChina
| | - Kai Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and BiotechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Luyao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qitao Bu
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junze Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Pharmaceutical BotanySchool of Pharmacy, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life SciencesHuaibei Normal UniversityHuaibeiChina
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23
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The Non-JAZ TIFY Protein TIFY8 of Arabidopsis thaliana Interacts with the HD-ZIP III Transcription Factor REVOLUTA and Regulates Leaf Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043079. [PMID: 36834490 PMCID: PMC9967580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The HD-ZIP III transcription factor REVOLUTA (REV) is involved in early leaf development, as well as in leaf senescence. REV directly binds to the promoters of senescence-associated genes, including the central regulator WRKY53. As this direct regulation appears to be restricted to senescence, we aimed to characterize protein-interaction partners of REV which could mediate this senescence-specificity. The interaction between REV and the TIFY family member TIFY8 was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assays, as well as by bimolecular fluorescence complementation in planta. This interaction inhibited REV's function as an activator of WRKY53 expression. Mutation or overexpression of TIFY8 accelerated or delayed senescence, respectively, but did not significantly alter early leaf development. Jasmonic acid (JA) had only a limited effect on TIFY8 expression or function; however, REV appears to be under the control of JA signaling. Accordingly, REV also interacted with many other members of the TIFY family, namely the PEAPODs and several JAZ proteins in the yeast system, which could potentially mediate the JA-response. Therefore, REV appears to be under the control of the TIFY family in two different ways: a JA-independent way through TIFY8, which controls REV function in senescence, and a JA-dependent way through PEAPODs and JAZ proteins.
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24
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Jimenez Aleman GH, Thirumalaikumar VP, Jander G, Fernie AR, Skirycz A. OPDA, more than just a jasmonate precursor. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113432. [PMID: 36115386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is known as a biosynthetic precursor of the important plant hormone jasmonic acid. However, OPDA is also a signaling molecule with functions independent of jasmonates. OPDA involvement in diverse biological processes, from plant defense and stress responses to growth regulation and development, has been documented across plant species. OPDA is synthesized in the plastids from alpha-linolenic acid, and OPDA binding to plastidial cyclophilins activates TGA transcription factors upstream of genes associated with stress responses. Here, we summarize what is known about OPDA metabolism and signaling while briefly discussing its jasmonate dependent and independent roles. We also describe open questions, such as the OPDA protein interactome and biological roles of OPDA conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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25
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Zhou Q, Sun Y, Zhao X, Yu Y, Cheng W, Lu L, Chu Z, Chen X. Bromodomain-containing factor GTE4 regulates Arabidopsis immune response. BMC Biol 2022; 20:256. [DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Plants are continuously challenged with biotic stress from environmental pathogens, and precise regulation of defense responses is critical for plant survival. Defense systems require considerable amounts of energy and resources, impairing plant growth, and plant hormones controlling transcriptional regulation play essential roles in establishing the appropriate balance between defense response to pathogens and growth. Chromatin regulators modulating gene transcription are broadly involved in regulating stress-responsive genes. However, which chromatin factors are involved in coordinating hormone signaling and immune responses in plants, and their functional mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we identified a role of bromodomain-containing protein GTE4 in negatively regulating defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Results
GTE4 mainly functions as activator of gene expression upon infection with Pseudomonas syringe. Genome-wide profiling of GTE4 occupancy shows that GTE4 tends to bind to active genes, including ribosome biogenesis related genes and maintains their high expression levels during pathogen infection. However, GTE4 is also able to repress gene expression. GTE4 binds to and represses jasmonate biosynthesis gene OPR3. Disruption of GTE4 results in overaccumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and enhanced JA-responsive gene expression. Unexpectedly, over-accumulated JA content in gte4 mutant is coupled with downregulation of JA-mediated immune defense genes and upregulation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune defense genes, and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas, likely through a noncanonical pathway.
Conclusions
Overall, we identified a new role of the chromatin factor GTE4 as negative regulator of plant immune response through inhibition of JA biosynthesis, which in turn noncanonically activates the defense system against Pseudomonas. These findings provide new knowledge of chromatic regulation of plant hormone signaling during defense responses.
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26
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Mahmud S, Ullah C, Kortz A, Bhattacharyya S, Yu P, Gershenzon J, Vothknecht UC. Constitutive expression of JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 induces molecular changes that prime the plants to better withstand drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2906-2922. [PMID: 35864601 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated Arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered levels of the enzyme JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1), which converts jasmonic acid (JA) to jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Analysis of a newly generated overexpression line (35S::JAR1) revealed that constitutively increased JA-Ile production in 35S::JAR1 alters plant development, resulting in stunted growth and delayed flowering. Under drought-stress conditions, 35S::JAR1 plants showed reduced wilting and recovered better from desiccation than the wild type. By contrast, jar1-11 plants with a strong reduction in JA-Ile content were hypersensitive to drought. RNA-sequencing analysis and hormonal profiling of plants under normal and drought conditions provided insights into the molecular reprogramming caused by the alteration in JA-Ile content. Especially 35S::JAR1 plants displayed changes in expression of developmental genes related to growth and flowering. Further transcriptional differences pertained to drought-related adaptive systems, including stomatal density and aperture, but also reactive oxygen species production and detoxification. Analysis of wild type and jar1-11 plants carrying the roGFP-Orp1 sensor support a role of JA-Ile in the alleviation of methyl viologen-induced H2 O2 production. Our data substantiate a role of JA-Ile in abiotic stress response and suggest that JAR1-mediated increase in JA-Ile content primes Arabidopsis towards improved drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakil Mahmud
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Moleculara Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Kortz
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabarna Bhattacharyya
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Moleculara Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Moleculara Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Bashir K, Todaka D, Rasheed S, Matsui A, Ahmad Z, Sako K, Utsumi Y, Vu AT, Tanaka M, Takahashi S, Ishida J, Tsuboi Y, Watanabe S, Kanno Y, Ando E, Shin KC, Seito M, Motegi H, Sato M, Li R, Kikuchi S, Fujita M, Kusano M, Kobayashi M, Habu Y, Nagano AJ, Kawaura K, Kikuchi J, Saito K, Hirai MY, Seo M, Shinozaki K, Kinoshita T, Seki M. Ethanol-Mediated Novel Survival Strategy against Drought Stress in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1181-1192. [PMID: 36003026 PMCID: PMC9474946 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a serious agricultural problem causing significant losses to crop yield and product quality. The development of technologies to mitigate the damage caused by drought stress is essential for ensuring a sustainable food supply for the increasing global population. We herein report that the exogenous application of ethanol, an inexpensive and environmentally friendly chemical, significantly enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and wheat. The transcriptomic analyses of ethanol-treated plants revealed the upregulation of genes related to sucrose and starch metabolism, phenylpropanoids and glucosinolate biosynthesis, while metabolomic analysis showed an increased accumulation of sugars, glucosinolates and drought-tolerance-related amino acids. The phenotyping analysis indicated that drought-induced water loss was delayed in the ethanol-treated plants. Furthermore, ethanol treatment induced stomatal closure, resulting in decreased transpiration rate and increased leaf water contents under drought stress conditions. The ethanol treatment did not enhance drought tolerance in the mutant of ABI1, a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis, indicating that ABA signaling contributes to ethanol-mediated drought tolerance. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis using 13C-labeled ethanol indicated that gluconeogenesis is involved in the accumulation of sugars. The ethanol treatment did not enhance the drought tolerance in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) triple mutant (aldh2b4/aldh2b7/aldh2c4). These results show that ABA signaling and acetic acid biosynthesis are involved in ethanol-mediated drought tolerance and that chemical priming through ethanol application regulates sugar accumulation and gluconeogenesis, leading to enhanced drought tolerance and sustained plant growth. These findings highlight a new survival strategy for increasing crop production under water-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, DHA Phase 5, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Sultana Rasheed
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Zarnab Ahmad
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, DHA Phase 5, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Anh Thu Vu
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Junko Ishida
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Watanabe
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- IPSiM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eigo Ando
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kwang-Chul Shin
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Makoto Seito
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokacho, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Hinata Motegi
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokacho, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Rui Li
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Saya Kikuchi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Miki Fujita
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Habu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2914, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017 Japan
| | - Kanako Kawaura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokacho, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
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Wang Y, Sun Z, Wang L, Chen L, Ma L, Lv J, Qiao K, Fan S, Ma Q. GhBOP1 as a Key Factor of Ribosomal Biogenesis: Development of Wrinkled Leaves in Upland Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179942. [PMID: 36077339 PMCID: PMC9456263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Block of proliferation 1 (BOP1) is a key protein that helps in the maturation of ribosomes and promotes the progression of the cell cycle. However, its role in the leaf morphogenesis of cotton remains unknown. Herein, we report and study the function of GhBOP1 isolated from Gossypium hirsutum. The sequence alignment revealed that BOP1 protein was highly conserved among different species. The yeast two-hybrid experiments, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and luciferase complementation techniques revealed that GhBOP1 interact with GhPES and GhWDR12. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that GhBOP1, GhPES and GhWDR12 were localized at the nucleolus. Suppression of GhBOP1 transcripts resulted in the uneven bending of leaf margins and the presence of young wrinkled leaves by virus-induced gene silencing assay. Abnormal palisade arrangements and the presence of large upper epidermal cells were observed in the paraffin sections of the wrinkled leaves. Meanwhile, a jasmonic acid-related gene, GhOPR3, expression was increased. In addition, a negative effect was exerted on the cell cycle and the downregulation of the auxin-related genes was also observed. These results suggest that GhBOP1 plays a critical role in the development of wrinkled cotton leaves, and the process is potentially modulated through phytohormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Kaikai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya 572000, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455099, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (Q.M.)
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Zhu X, Sun F, Sang M, Ye M, Bo W, Dong A, Wu R. Genetic Architecture of Heterophylly: Single and Multi-Leaf Genome-Wide Association Mapping in Populus euphratica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870876. [PMID: 35783952 PMCID: PMC9240601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterophylly is an adaptive strategy used by some plants in response to environmental changes. Due to the lack of representative plants with typical heteromorphic leaves, little is known about the genetic architecture of heterophylly in plants and the genes underlying its control. Here, we investigated the genetic characteristics underlying changes in leaf shape based on the model species, Populus euphratica, which exhibits typical heterophylly. A set of 401,571 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from whole-genome sequencing of 860 genotypes were associated with nine leaf traits, which were related to descriptive and shape data using single- and multi-leaf genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Multi-leaf GWAS allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of heterophylly by considering multiple leaves simultaneously. The single-leaf GWAS detected 140 significant SNPs, whereas the multi-leaf GWAS detected 200 SNP-trait associations. Markers were found across 19 chromosomes, and 21 unique genes were implicated in traits and serve as potential targets for selection. Our results provide novel insights into the genomic architecture of heterophylly, and provide candidate genes for breeding or engineering P. euphratica. Our observations also improve understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of plant growth, evolution, and adaptation in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Zhu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengshuo Sun
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Dong
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Fiorucci AS, Michaud O, Schmid-Siegert E, Trevisan M, Allenbach Petrolati L, Çaka Ince Y, Fankhauser C. Shade suppresses wound-induced leaf repositioning through a mechanism involving PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) genes. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010213. [PMID: 35622862 PMCID: PMC9197076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaded plants challenged with herbivores or pathogens prioritize growth over defense. However, most experiments have focused on the effect of shading light cues on defense responses. To investigate the potential interaction between shade-avoidance and wounding-induced Jasmonate (JA)-mediated signaling on leaf growth and movement, we used repetitive mechanical wounding of leaf blades to mimic herbivore attacks. Phenotyping experiments with combined treatments on Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes revealed that shade strongly inhibits the wound effect on leaf elevation. By contrast, petiole length is reduced by wounding both in the sun and in the shade. Thus, the relationship between the shade and wounding/JA pathways varies depending on the physiological response, implying that leaf growth and movement can be uncoupled. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified genes with expression patterns matching the hyponastic response (opposite regulation by both stimuli, interaction between treatments with shade dominating the wound signal). Among them were genes from the PKS (Phytochrome Kinase Substrate) family, which was previously studied for its role in phototropism and leaf positioning. Interestingly, we observed reduced shade suppression of the wounding effect in pks2pks4 double mutants while a PKS4 overexpressing line showed constitutively elevated leaves and was less sensitive to wounding. Our results indicate a trait-specific interrelationship between shade and wounding cues on Arabidopsis leaf growth and positioning. Moreover, we identify PKS genes as integrators of external cues in the control of leaf hyponasty further emphasizing the role of these genes in aerial organ positioning. Plants face different types of stressful situations without the ability to relocate to favorable environments. For example, increasing plant density reduces access to sunlight as plants start to shade each other. Foliar shading represents a stress that many plants cope with by changing their morphology. This includes elongation of stem-like structures and repositioning of leaves to favor access to unfiltered sunlight. Plants also defend themselves against various pathogens including herbivores. Defense mechanisms include the production of deterrent chemical and morphological adaptations such as stunted growth and downwards leaf repositioning. Here we studied the morphological response of plants when simultaneously facing shade and herbivore stress. When facing both stresses petiole growth was intermediate between the shade-enhanced and wound-repressed response. In contrast, the shade cue overrides the wounding cue leading to a similar upwards leaf repositioning in the combined treatments or in the response to shade alone. Using gene expression analyses and genetics we identified two members of the Phytochrome Kinase Substrate family as playing a signal integration role when plants simultaneously faced both stresses. This contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant morphological adaptations when facing multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Fiorucci
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michaud
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Martine Trevisan
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Allenbach Petrolati
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yetkin Çaka Ince
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Vincent SA, Kim JM, Pérez-Salamó I, To TK, Torii C, Ishida J, Tanaka M, Endo TA, Bhat P, Devlin PF, Seki M, Devoto A. Jasmonates and Histone deacetylase 6 activate Arabidopsis genome-wide histone acetylation and methylation during the early acute stress response. BMC Biol 2022; 20:83. [PMID: 35399062 PMCID: PMC8996529 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonates (JAs) mediate trade-off between responses to both biotic and abiotic stress and growth in plants. The Arabidopsis thaliana HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 is part of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 receptor complex, co-repressing the HDA6/COI1-dependent acetic acid-JA pathway that confers plant drought tolerance. The decrease in HDA6 binding to target DNA mirrors histone H4 acetylation (H4Ac) changes during JA-mediated drought response, and mutations in HDA6 also cause depletion in the constitutive repressive marker H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). However, the genome-wide effect of HDA6 on H4Ac and much of the impact of JAs on histone modifications and chromatin remodelling remain elusive. RESULTS We performed high-throughput ChIP-Seq on the HDA6 mutant, axe1-5, and wild-type plants with or without methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment to assess changes in active H4ac and repressive H3K27me3 histone markers. Transcriptional regulation was investigated in parallel by microarray analysis in the same conditions. MeJA- and HDA6-dependent histone modifications on genes for specialized metabolism; linolenic acid and phenylpropanoid pathways; and abiotic and biotic stress responses were identified. H4ac and H3K27me3 enrichment also differentially affects JAs and HDA6-mediated genome integrity and gene regulatory networks, substantiating the role of HDA6 interacting with specific families of transposable elements in planta and highlighting further specificity of action as well as novel targets of HDA6 in the context of JA signalling for abiotic and biotic stress responses. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate functional overlap for MeJA and HDA6 in tuning plant developmental plasticity and response to stress at the histone modification level. MeJA and HDA6, nonetheless, maintain distinct activities on histone modifications to modulate genetic variability and to allow adaptation to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Vincent
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jong-Myong Kim
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Present address: Ac-Planta Inc., 2-16-9 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Imma Pérez-Salamó
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Taiko Kim To
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chieko Torii
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Ishida
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takaho A Endo
- Bioinformatics and Systems Engineering Division, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Present address: Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Prajwal Bhat
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Paul F Devlin
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Ye L, Cao L, Zhao X, Guo X, Ye K, Jiao S, Wang Y, He X, Dong C, Hu B, Deng F, Zhao H, Zheng P, Aslam M, Qin Y, Cheng Y. Investigation of the JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN Gene Family Reveals the Canonical JA-Signaling Pathway in Pineapple. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030445. [PMID: 35336818 PMCID: PMC8945601 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are negative regulators of the jasmonate (JA)-signaling pathway and play pivotal roles in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genome-wide identification of JAZ genes has been performed in many plant species. However, systematic information about pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) JAZ genes (AcJAZs) is still not available. In this study, we identified 14 AcJAZ genes and classified them into five groups along with the Arabidopsis and rice orthologs. The AcJAZ genes have 3–10 exons, and the putative AcJAZ proteins have between two and eight conserved regions, including the TIFY motif and Jas domain. The cis-acting element analysis revealed that the putative promoter regions of AcJAZs contain between three and eight abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements. The gene-expression analysis suggested that AcJAZs were expressed differentially during plant development and subjected to regulation by the cold, heat, salt, and osmotic stresses as well as by phytohormones. Moreover, the BiFC analysis of protein interactions among the central JA-signaling regulators showed that AcJAZ4, AcMYC2, AcNINJA, and AcJAM1 could interact with AcJAZ5 and AcJAZ13 in vivo, indicating a canonical JA-signaling pathway in pineapple. These results increase our understanding of the functions of AcJAZs and the responses of the core players in the JA-signaling pathway to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Ling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Xinya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Kangzhuo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Sibo Jiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Chunxing Dong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Heming Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.Y.); (L.C.); (X.Z.); (X.G.); (K.Y.); (F.D.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.J.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (C.D.); (B.H.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (Y.C.)
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Angelini J, Klassen R, Široká J, Novák O, Záruba K, Siegel J, Novotná Z, Valentová O. Silver Nanoparticles Alter Microtubule Arrangement, Dynamics and Stress Phytohormone Levels. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030313. [PMID: 35161294 PMCID: PMC8838976 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The superior properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has resulted in their broad utilization worldwide, but also the risk of irreversible environment infestation. The plant cuticle and cell wall can trap a large part of the nanoparticles and thus protect the internal cell structures, where the cytoskeleton, for example, reacts very quickly to the threat, and defense signaling is subsequently triggered. We therefore used not only wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings, but also the glabra 1 mutant, which has a different composition of the cuticle. Both lines had GFP-labeled microtubules (MTs), allowing us to observe their arrangement. To quantify MT dynamics, we developed a new microscopic method based on the FRAP technique. The number and growth rate of MTs decreased significantly after AgNPs, similarly in both lines. However, the layer above the plasma membrane thickened significantly in wild-type plants. The levels of three major stress phytohormone derivatives—jasmonic, abscisic, and salicylic acids—after AgNP (with concomitant Ag+) treatment increased significantly (particularly in mutant plants) and to some extent resembled the plant response after mechanical stress. The profile of phytohormones helped us to estimate the mechanism of response to AgNPs and also to understand the broader physiological context of the observed changes in MT structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřiška Angelini
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (Z.N.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruslan Klassen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (Z.N.); (O.V.)
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.Š.); (O.N.)
| | - Kamil Záruba
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Siegel
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Zuzana Novotná
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (Z.N.); (O.V.)
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (Z.N.); (O.V.)
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DeMott L, Oblessuc PR, Pierce A, Student J, Melotto M. Spatiotemporal regulation of JAZ4 expression and splicing contribute to ethylene- and auxin-mediated responses in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1266-1282. [PMID: 34562337 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling controls several processes related to plant growth, development, and defense, which are modulated by the transcription regulator and receptor JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins. We recently discovered that a member of the JAZ family, JAZ4, has a prominent function in canonical JA signaling as well as other mechanisms. Here, we discovered the existence of two naturally occurring splice variants (SVs) of JAZ4 in planta, JAZ4.1 and JAZ4.2, and employed biochemical and pharmacological approaches to determine protein stability and repression capability of these SVs within JA signaling. We then utilized quantitative and qualitative transcriptional studies to determine spatiotemporal expression and splicing patterns in vivo, which revealed developmental-, tissue-, and organ-specific regulation. Detailed phenotypic and expression analyses suggest a role of JAZ4 in ethylene (ET) and auxin signaling pathways differentially within the zones of root development in seedlings. These results support a model in which JAZ4 functions as a negative regulator of ET signaling and auxin signaling in root tissues above the apex. However, in the root apex JAZ4 functions as a positive regulator of auxin signaling possibly independently of ET. Collectively, our data provide insight into the complexity of spatiotemporal regulation of JAZ4 and how this impacts hormone signaling specificity and diversity in Arabidopsis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan DeMott
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Plant Pathology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paula R Oblessuc
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alice Pierce
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Student
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Martin RC, Kronmiller BA, Dombrowski JE. Transcriptome Analysis of Lolium temulentum Exposed to a Combination of Drought and Heat Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112247. [PMID: 34834610 PMCID: PMC8621252 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat are two major stresses predicted to increase in the future due to climate change. Plants exposed to multiple stressors elicit unique responses from those observed under individual stresses. A comparative transcriptome analysis of Lolium temulentum exposed to drought plus heat and non-stressed control plants revealed 20,221 unique up-regulated and 17,034 unique down-regulated differentially regulated transcripts. Gene ontology analysis revealed a strong emphasis on transcriptional regulation, protein folding, cell cycle/parts, organelles, binding, transport, signaling, oxidoreductase, and antioxidant activity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding for transcriptional control proteins such as basic leucine zipper, APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor, NAC, and WRKY transcription factors, and Zinc Finger (CCCH type and others) proteins were more often up-regulated, while DEGs encoding Basic Helix-Loop-Helix, MYB and GATA transcription factors, and C2H2 type Zinc Finger proteins were more often down-regulated. The DEGs encoding heat shock transcription factors were only up-regulated. Of the hormones, auxin-related DEGs were the most prevalent, encoding for auxin response factors, binding proteins, and efflux/influx carriers. Gibberellin-, cytokinin- and ABA-related DEGs were also prevalent, with fewer DEGs related to jasmonates and brassinosteroids. Knowledge of genes/pathways that grasses use to respond to the combination of heat/drought will be useful in developing multi-stress resistant grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Martin
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA;
| | - Brent A. Kronmiller
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA;
| | - James E. Dombrowski
- USDA-ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102, USA;
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Strable J, Nelissen H. The dynamics of maize leaf development: Patterned to grow while growing a pattern. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102038. [PMID: 33940553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are a significant component of the shoot system in grasses, functioning in light capture and photosynthesis. Leaf width, length, and angle are expressions of development that collectively define canopy architecture. Thus, the distinctive morphology of grass leaves is an interdependent readout of developmental patterning and growth along the proximal-distal, medial-lateral, and adaxial-abaxial axes. Here, we review the chronology of patterning and growth, namely along the proximal-distal axis, during maize leaf development. We underscore that patterning and growth occur simultaneously, making use of shared developmental gradients and molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Strable
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695.
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Repkina N, Ignatenko A, Holoptseva E, MiszalskI Z, Kaszycki P, Talanova V. Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Improves Cold Tolerance with Parallel Induction of Two Cold-Regulated ( COR) Genes Expression in Triticum aestivum L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1421. [PMID: 34371628 PMCID: PMC8309304 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an important plant growth regulator that plays a key role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, the effects of exogenous MJ on cold tolerance, photosynthesis, activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, proline accumulation, and expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes in wheat seedlings under low temperature (4 °C) were investigated. Exogenous MJ treatment (1 µM) promoted wheat cold tolerance before and during cold exposure. Low temperature significantly decreased photosynthetic parameters, whereas MJ application led to their partial recovery under cold exposure. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in response to low temperature, and this was counteracted by MJ application. Exogenous MJ significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and upregulated the expression of MnSOD and CAT during cold exposure. MJ application also led to enhanced proline content before 4 °C exposure, whereas the P5CS gene expression was upregulated by MJ's presence at both normal (22 °C) and low (4 °C) temperatures. It was also shown that MJ tended to upregulate the expression of the COR genes WCS19 and WCS120 genes. We conclude that exogenous MJ can alleviate the negative effect of cold stress thus increasing wheat cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Repkina
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya St. 11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (A.I.); (E.H.); (V.T.)
| | - Anna Ignatenko
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya St. 11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (A.I.); (E.H.); (V.T.)
| | - Ekaterina Holoptseva
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya St. 11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (A.I.); (E.H.); (V.T.)
| | - Zbigniew MiszalskI
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31512 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kaszycki
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 54, 31425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Vera Talanova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya St. 11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia; (A.I.); (E.H.); (V.T.)
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Pandey BK, Verma L, Prusty A, Singh AP, Bennett MJ, Tyagi AK, Giri J, Mehra P. OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate starvation responses in rice. PLANTA 2021; 254:8. [PMID: 34143292 PMCID: PMC8213676 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate homeostasis by suppressing jasmonic acid signaling and biosynthesis in rice roots. Jasmonic Acid (JA) is a key plant signaling molecule which negatively regulates growth processes including root elongation. JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN) proteins function as transcriptional repressors of JA signaling. Therefore, targeting JA signaling by deploying JAZ repressors may enhance root length in crops. In this study, we overexpressed JAZ repressor OsJAZ11 in rice to alleviate the root growth inhibitory action of JA. OsJAZ11 is a low phosphate (Pi) responsive gene which is transcriptionally regulated by OsPHR2. We report that OsJAZ11 overexpression promoted primary and seminal root elongation which enhanced Pi foraging. Expression studies revealed that overexpression of OsJAZ11 also reduced Pi starvation response (PSR) under Pi limiting conditions. Moreover, OsJAZ11 overexpression also suppressed JA signaling and biosynthesis as compared to wild type (WT). We further demonstrated that the C-terminal region of OsJAZ11 was crucial for stimulating root elongation in overexpression lines. Rice transgenics overexpressing truncated OsJAZ11ΔC transgene (i.e., missing C-terminal region) exhibited reduced root length and Pi uptake. Interestingly, OsJAZ11 also regulates Pi homeostasis via physical interaction with a key Pi sensing protein, OsSPX1. Our study highlights the functional connections between JA and Pi signaling and reveals JAZ repressors as a promising candidate for improving low Pi tolerance of elite rice genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin K Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ankita Prusty
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ajit Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Poonam Mehra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Singh AP, Mani B, Giri J. OsJAZ9 is involved in water-deficit stress tolerance by regulating leaf width and stomatal density in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:161-170. [PMID: 33684775 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a severe threat to grain yield in rice. Our previous report demonstrated the role of OsJAZ9 in potassium homeostasis by modulating Jasmonic Acid (JA) signalling. While both potassium (K) and JA are known to have an important role in drought stress response, JA's repressor, i.e., JAZs' role in drought stress, remains elusive. Here we report that OsJAZ9 plays a critical role in rice water-deficit stress tolerance via influencing JA and ABA signalling. Overexpression of OsJAZ9 led to the enhanced ABA and JA levels. Our data further revealed that exogenous JA application antagonises the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. Further, OsJAZ9 overexpression reduces leaf width and stomata density, leading to lower leaf transpiration rates than WT. This reduced transpiration and higher K content as osmoticum improved the water-deficit stress tolerance in OsJAZ9 overexpression lines. On the contrary, OsJAZ9 RNAi lines displayed enhanced sensitivity towards water-deficit stress. Our data provide new insights on the role of JA signalling repressors in rice response to water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Balaji Mani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Zhao B, Liu Q, Wang B, Yuan F. Roles of Phytohormones and Their Signaling Pathways in Leaf Development and Stress Responses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3566-3584. [PMID: 33739096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones participate in various processes over the course of a plant's lifecycle. In addition to the five classical phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene), phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, strigolactones, and peptides also play important roles in plant growth and stress responses. Given the highly interconnected nature of phytohormones during plant development and stress responses, it is challenging to study the biological function of a single phytohormone in isolation. In the current Review, we describe the combined functions and signaling cascades (especially the shared points and pathways) of various phytohormones in leaf development, in particular, during leaf primordium initiation and the establishment of leaf polarity and leaf morphology as well as leaf development under various stress conditions. We propose a model incorporating the roles of multiple phytohormones in leaf development and stress responses to illustrate the underlying combinatorial signaling pathways. This model provides a reference for breeding stress-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
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Kimberlin A, Holtsclaw RE, Koo AJ. Differential Regulation of the Ribosomal Association of mRNA Transcripts in an Arabidopsis Mutant Defective in Jasmonate-Dependent Wound Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637959. [PMID: 33777072 PMCID: PMC7990880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a powerful oxylipin responsible for the genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming in plants that results in major physiological shifts from growth to defense. The double T-DNA insertion Arabidopsis mutant, cyp94b1cyp94b3 (b1b3), defective in cytochrome p450s, CYP94B1 and CYP94B3, which are responsible for oxidizing JA-Ile, accumulates several fold higher levels of JA-Ile yet displays dampened JA-Ile-dependent wound responses-the opposite of what is expected. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that while the transcriptional response to wounding was largely unchanged in b1b3 compared to wild type (WT), many proteins were found to be significantly reduced in the mutant, which was verified by immunoblot analyses of marker proteins. To understand this protein phenotype and their hypothesized contribution to the b1b3 phenotypes, wounded rosette leaf samples from both WT and b1b3 were subject to a translating ribosome affinity purification RNA sequencing analysis. More than 1,600 genes whose transcripts do not change in abundance by wounding changed their association with the ribosomes after wounding in WT leaves. Consistent with previous observations, the total pool of mRNA transcripts was similar between WT and b1b3; however, the ribosome-associated pool of transcripts was changed significantly. Most notably, fewer transcripts were associated with the ribosome pool in b1b3 than in WT, potentially explaining the reduction of many proteins in the mutant. Among those genes with fewer ribosome-associated transcripts in b1b3 were genes relating to stress response, specialized metabolism, protein metabolism, ribosomal subunits, and transcription factors, consistent with the biochemical phenotypes of the mutant. These results show previously unrecognized regulations at the translational level that are affected by misregulation of JA homeostasis during the wound response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen Kimberlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebekah E. Holtsclaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Abraham J. Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Li B, Wang R, Wang S, Zhang J, Chang L. Diversified Regulation of Cytokinin Levels and Signaling During Botrytis cinerea Infection in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:584042. [PMID: 33643340 PMCID: PMC7902887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.584042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) can modulate plant immunity to various pathogens, but how CKs are involved in plant defense responses to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea is still unknown. Here, we found that B. cinerea infection induced transcriptional changes in multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling of CKs, as well as their contents, in pathogen-infected Arabidopsis leaves. Among the CKs, the gene expression of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 5 (CKX5) was remarkably induced in the local infected leaves and the distant leaves of the same plant without pathogen inoculation. Cis-zeatin (cZ) and its riboside (cZR) accumulated considerably in infected leaves, suggesting an important role of the cis-zeatin type of CKs in the plant response to B. cinerea. Cytokinin double-receptor mutants were more susceptible to B. cinerea infection, whereas an exogenous CK treatment enhanced the expression levels of defense-related genes and of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), but not salicylic acid (SA), resulting in higher resistance of Arabidopsis to B. cinerea. Investigation of CK responses to B. cinerea infection in the JA biosynthesis mutant, jar1-1, and ET-insensitive mutant, ein2-1, showed that CK signaling and levels of CKs, namely, those of isopentenyladenine (iP), isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR), and trans-zeatin (tZ), were enhanced in jar1-1-infected leaves. By contrast, reductions in iP, iPR, tZ, and tZ riboside (tZR) as well as cZR contents occurred in ein2-1-infected leaves, whose transcript levels of CK signaling genes were likewise differentially regulated. The Arabidopsis Response Regulator 5 (ARR5) gene was upregulated in infected leaves of ein2-1 whereas another type-A response regulator, ARR16, was significantly downregulated, suggesting the existence of a complex regulation of CK signaling via the ET pathway. Accumulation of the cis-zeatin type of CKs in B. cinerea-infected leaves depended on ET but not JA pathways. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that CK responds to B. cinerea infection in a variety of ways that are differently modulated by JA and ET pathways in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiya Wang
- School of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Chung HH, Ting HM, Wang WH, Chao YT, Hsieh CH, Apaya MK, Sung YC, Lin SS, Hwu FY, Shyur LF. Elucidation of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive polyacetylenes in Bidens pilosa using integrated omics approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:525-541. [PMID: 33063830 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylene compounds from Bidens pilosa are known to have several pharmacological activities. In this study, we identified major genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polyacetylene in B. pilosa. Seven polyacetylene metabolites present in B. pilosa leaves were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and physical wounding. Transcriptome analysis via high-throughput sequencing revealed 39 202 annotated gene fragment sequences. A DNA microarray established by the 39 202 annotated genes was used to profile gene expression in B. pilosa leaf and root tissues. As no polyacetylene compounds were found in roots, the gene expression pattern in root tissue was used as a negative control. By subtracting MeJA-induced genes in roots, we obtained 1216 genes in leaves showing an approximate three-fold increase in expression post-MeJA treatment. Nine genes encoding enzymes with desaturation function were selected for confirmation of expression by qRT-PCR. Among them, two genes, BPTC030748 and BPTC012564, were predicted to encode Δ12-oleate desaturase (OD) and Δ12-fatty acid acetylenase (FAA), respectively. In B. pilosa leaves, RNAi knock-down concomitantly decreased, while virus-mediated transient overexpression of either gene elevated polyacetylene content. In summary, we demonstrate that two important enzymes, Δ12-oleate desaturase and Δ12-fatty acid acetylenase, involved in desaturation of linear fatty acid precursors play a role in polyacetylene biosynthesis in an important medicinal plant, Bidens pilosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao-Hang Chung
- Department of Horticulture, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Hieng-Ming Ting
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsi Wang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Hsieh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Chang Sung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hwu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bömer M, Pérez‐Salamó I, Florance HV, Salmon D, Dudenhoffer J, Finch P, Cinar A, Smirnoff N, Harvey A, Devoto A. Jasmonates induce Arabidopsis bioactivities selectively inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells through CDC6 and mTOR. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2120-2134. [PMID: 33124043 PMCID: PMC8022592 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are used often in vitro and in vivo in cancer research. The plant hormones jasmonates (JAs) control the synthesis of specialized metabolites through complex regulatory networks. JAs possess selective cytotoxicity in mixed populations of cancer and normal cells. Here, direct incubation of leaf explants from the non-medicinal plant Arabidopsis thaliana with human breast cancer cells, selectively suppresses cancer cell growth. High-throughput LC-MS identified Arabidopsis metabolites. Protein and transcript levels of cell cycle regulators were examined in breast cancer cells. A synergistic effect by methyljasmonate (MeJA) and by compounds upregulated in the metabolome of MeJA-treated Arabidopsis leaves, on the breast cancer cell cycle, is associated with Cell Division Cycle 6 (CDC6), Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Cyclins D1 and D3, indicating that key cell cycle components mediate cell viability reduction. Bioactives such as indoles, quinolines and cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid, in synergy, could act as anticancer compounds. Our work suggests a universal role for MeJA-treatment of Arabidopsis in altering the DNA replication regulator CDC6, supporting conservation, across kingdoms, of cell cycle regulation, through the crosstalk between the mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR and JAs. This study has important implications for the identification of metabolites with anti-cancer bioactivities in plants with no known medicinal pedigree and it will have applications in developing disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bömer
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeME4 4TBUK
| | - Imma Pérez‐Salamó
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
| | - Hannah V. Florance
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Deborah Salmon
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | | | - Paul Finch
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
| | - Aycan Cinar
- Institute of Environment, Health and SocietiesBrunel University LondonKingston LaneUxbridgeUB8 3PHUK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterGeoffrey Pope Building, Stocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Amanda Harvey
- Institute of Environment, Health and SocietiesBrunel University LondonKingston LaneUxbridgeUB8 3PHUK
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Department of Biological SciencesPlant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamTW20 0EXUK
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Pierik R, Ballaré CL. Control of Plant Growth and Defense by Photoreceptors: From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:61-76. [PMID: 33276158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins. A low ratio of red to far-red radiation (R:FR ratio) is a key signal of competition that is sensed by the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB). Low R:FR ratios increase the synthesis of growth-related hormones, including auxin and gibberellins, promoting stem elongation and other shade-avoidance responses. Other photoreceptors that help plants to optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy include blue light photoreceptors, such as cryptochromes and phototropins, and UV receptors, such as UVR8. All photoreceptors act by directly or indirectly controlling the activity of two major regulatory nodes for growth and development: the COP1/SPA ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and the PIF transcription factors. phyB is also an important modulator of hormonal pathways that regulate plant defense against herbivores and pathogens, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances on the studies of the mechanisms that link photoreceptors with growth and defense. Understanding these mechanisms is important to provide a functional platform for breeding programs aimed at improving plant productivity, stress tolerance, and crop health in species of agronomic interest, and to manipulate the light environments in protected agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIBIO-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li J, Wang X, Jiang R, Dong B, Fang S, Li Q, Lv Z, Chen W. Phytohormone-Based Regulation of Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734776. [PMID: 34659303 PMCID: PMC8514689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones affect plant growth and development. Many phytohormones are involved in the initiation of trichome development, which can help prevent damage from UV radiation and insect bites and produce fragrance, flavors, and compounds used as pharmaceuticals. Phytohormones promote the participation of transcription factors in the initiation of trichome development; for example, the transcription factors HDZIP, bHLH and MYB interact and form transcriptional complexes to regulate trichome development. Jasmonic acid (JA) mediates the progression of the endoreduplication cycle to increase the number of multicellular trichomes or trichome size. Moreover, there is crosstalk between phytohormones, and some phytohormones interact with each other to affect trichome development. Several new techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system and single-cell transcriptomics, are available for investigating gene function, determining the trajectory of individual trichome cells and elucidating the regulatory network underlying trichome cell lineages. This review discusses recent advances in the modulation of trichome development by phytohormones, emphasizes the differences and similarities between phytohormones initially present in trichomes and provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boran Dong
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyou Lv,
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Wansheng Chen,
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Novák O, Casas JL. Phytohormone responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under a high density of aphid infestation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:519-527. [PMID: 32794184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The time course response of selected phytohormones has been evaluated in sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. Abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and cis-OPDA have been simultaneously identified and quantitated by UHPLC-MS/MS in pepper leaf tissue harvested at 3, 8 hours post-infestation (hpi), 1, 2, 4 and 7 days post-infestation (dpi). Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi and in the number of leaves and leaf width from 4 dpi onwards. JA and JA-Ile significantly increased very early (from 3 hpi) while SA only accumulated at 7 dpi. Despite the high density of infestation, the aphid-induced accumulation of JAs was much lower than the burst typically induced by chewing herbivores. On the other side, ABA peaked in aphid-infested plants at 2 and 4 dpi, while IAA content did not change significantly at any time point. Growth inhibition may be partially explained by the high levels of JAs found in aphid-infested plants. The possibility that the obtained results support the hypothesis of the aphid manipulation of plant metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Yang TH, Lenglet-Hilfiker A, Stolz S, Glauser G, Farmer EE. Jasmonate Precursor Biosynthetic Enzymes LOX3 and LOX4 Control Wound-Response Growth Restriction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1172-1180. [PMID: 32669418 PMCID: PMC7536668 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wound-response plant growth restriction requires the synthesis of potent mediators called jasmonates (JAs). Four 13-lipoxygenases (13-LOXs) produce JA precursors in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, but the 13-LOXs responsible for growth restriction have not yet been identified. Through loss-of-function genetic analyses, we identified LOX3 and LOX4 as the principal 13-LOXs responsible for vegetative growth restriction after repetitive wounding. Additional genetic studies were carried out in the gain-of-function fatty acid oxygenation 2 (fou2) mutant that, even when undamaged, shows JA-dependent leaf growth restriction. The fou2 lox3 lox4 triple mutant suppressed the fou2 JA-dependent growth phenotype, confirming that LOX3 and LOX4 function in leaf growth restriction. The fou2 mutation affects the TWO PORE CHANNEL1 (TPC1) ion channel. Additional genetic approaches based on this gene were used to further investigate LOX3 function in relation to leaf growth. To activate LOX3-dependent JA production in unwounded plants, we employed hyperactive TPC1 variants. Expression of the TPC1ΔCa i variant in phloem companion cells caused strongly reduced rosette growth in the absence of wounding. Summarizing, in parallel to their established roles in male reproductive development in Arabidopsis, LOX3 and LOX4 control leaf growth rates after wounding. The process of wound-response growth restriction can be recapitulated in unwounded plants when the LOX3 pathway is activated genetically using a hyperactive vacuolar cation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Hao Yang
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 1015
| | | | - Stéphanie Stolz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 1015
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland 2000
| | - Edward E Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 1015
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Allagulova C, Avalbaev A, Fedorova K, Shakirova F. Methyl jasmonate alleviates water stress-induced damages by promoting dehydrins accumulation in wheat plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:676-682. [PMID: 32861034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of dehydrins participation in MeJA-induced protection of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) from drought stress was performed. The dehydration was designed by the presence of mannitol in increasing concentration (3, 4, and 5%) in the growth medium of wheat seedlings. Pre-treatment of 3-days-old seedlings with 0.1 μM MeJA reduced the level of drought-induced growth retardation as well as membrane structures lesions. Exogenous MeJA enhanced accumulation of the TADHN dehydrin transcripts and dehydrin proteins with Mw 28 and 55 kDa in wheat seedlings under normal conditions and additionally increased their expression during dehydration. The obtained data may indicate the dehydrins involvement in MeJA protective effect on wheat plants from the damages caused by water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan Allagulova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia.
| | - Azamat Avalbaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Kristina Fedorova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Farida Shakirova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
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50
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Major IT, Guo Q, Zhai J, Kapali G, Kramer DM, Howe GA. A Phytochrome B-Independent Pathway Restricts Growth at High Levels of Jasmonate Defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:733-749. [PMID: 32245790 PMCID: PMC7271779 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) promotes resistance to biotic stress by stimulating the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, which relieves repression on MYC transcription factors that execute defense programs. JA-triggered depletion of JAZ proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is also associated with reduced growth and seed production, but the mechanisms underlying these pleiotropic growth effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated this question using an Arabidopsis JAZ-deficient mutant (jazD; jaz1-jaz7, jaz9, jaz10, and jaz 13) that exhibits high levels of defense and strong growth inhibition. Genetic suppressor screens for mutations that uncouple growth-defense tradeoffs in the jazD mutant identified nine independent causal mutations in the red-light receptor phytochrome B (phyB). Unlike the ability of the phyB mutations to completely uncouple the mild growth-defense phenotypes in a jaz mutant (jazQ) defective in JAZ1, JAZ3, JAZ4, JAZ9, and JAZ10, phyB null alleles only weakly alleviated the growth and reproductive defects in the jazD mutant. phyB-independent growth restriction of the jazD mutant was tightly correlated with upregulation of the Trp biosynthetic pathway but not with changes in central carbon metabolism. Interestingly, jazD and jazD phyB plants were insensitive to a chemical inhibitor of Trp biosynthesis, which is a phenotype previously observed in plants expressing hyperactive MYC transcription factors that cannot bind JAZ repressors. These data provide evidence that the mechanisms underlying JA-mediated growth-defense balance depend on the level of defense, and they further establish an association between growth inhibition at high levels of defense and dysregulation of Trp biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jinling Zhai
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - George Kapali
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 42284
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 42284
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