1
|
Zhou L, Xiang X, Ji D, Chen Q, Ma T, Wang J, Liu C. A Carbonic Anhydrase, ZmCA4, Contributes to Photosynthetic Efficiency and Modulates CO2 Signaling Gene Expression by Interacting with Aquaporin ZmPIP2;6 in Maize. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:243-258. [PMID: 37955399 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible CO2 hydration reaction that produces bicarbonate for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). This is the initial step for transmitting the CO2 signal in C4 photosynthesis. However, it remains unknown whether the maize (Zea mays L.) CA gene, ZmCA4, plays a role in the maize photosynthesis process. In our study, we found that ZmCA4 was relatively highly expressed in leaves and localized in the chloroplast and the plasma membrane of mesophyll protoplasts. Knock-out of ZmCA4 reduced CA activity, while overexpression of ZmCA4 increased rubisco activity, as well as the quantum yield and relative electron transport rate in photosystem II. Overexpression of ZmCA4 enhanced maize yield-related traits. Moreover, ZmCA4 interacted with aquaporin ZmPIP2;6 in bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The double-knock-out mutant for ZmPIP2;6 and ZmCA4 genes showed reductions in its growth, CA and PEPC activities, assimilation rate and photosystem activity. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the expression of other ZmCAs, ZmPIPs, as well as CO2 signaling pathway homologous genes, and photosynthetic-related genes was all altered in the double-knock-out mutant compared with the wild type. Altogether, our study's findings point to a critical role of ZmCA4 in determining photosynthetic capacity and modulating CO2 signaling regulation via its interaction with ZmPIP2;6, thus providing insight into the potential genetic value of ZmCA4 for maize yield improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xiang
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongpu Ji
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiulan Chen
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiuguang Wang
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaoxian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ignatenko AA, Nilova IA, Kholoptseva ES, Titov AF, Kaznina NM. Effect of Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid on the Carbonic Anhydrase Activity, Photosynthesis Rate, Stomatal Conductance, and Pigments Content in Wheat Leaves at Zinc Excess. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 513:400-403. [PMID: 37950810 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of seed treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on the carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and pigment content in wheat leaves was studied at an optimal zinc content (2 μM) and zinc excess (1500 μM). It was shown for the first time that the CA activity and stomatal conductance increased upon seed treatment with SA at the optimal zinc content as compared with untreated plants, while the photosynthesis rate was not affected. When zinc was in excess in the root zone, seed treatment with SA decreased the CA activity to a greater extent, but the photosynthesis rate was higher than in untreated plants, apparently due to an increase in the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids and stomatal conductivity. It was concluded that SA is involved in the protective and adaptive responses of wheat plants to excess environmental zinc along with other nonhormonal factors and hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Ignatenko
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - I A Nilova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - E S Kholoptseva
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - A F Titov
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N M Kaznina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu D, Tang Q, Xu P, Schäffner AR, Leister D, Kleine T. Response of the organellar and nuclear (post)transcriptomes of Arabidopsis to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220928. [PMID: 37528975 PMCID: PMC10387551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to cope with drought, which involve massive changes in nuclear gene expression. However, little is known about the roles of post-transcriptional processing of nuclear or organellar transcripts and how meaningful these changes are. To address these issues, we used RNA-sequencing after ribosomal RNA depletion to monitor (post)transcriptional changes during different times of drought exposure in Arabidopsis Col-0. Concerning the changes detected in the organellar transcriptomes, chloroplast transcript levels were globally reduced, editing efficiency dropped, but splicing was not affected. Mitochondrial transcripts were slightly elevated, while editing and splicing were unchanged. Conversely, alternative splicing (AS) affected nearly 1,500 genes (9% of expressed nuclear genes). Of these, 42% were regulated solely at the level of AS, representing transcripts that would have gone unnoticed in a microarray-based approach. Moreover, we identified 927 isoform switching events. We provide a table of the most interesting candidates, and as proof of principle, increased drought tolerance of the carbonic anhydrase ca1 and ca2 mutants is shown. In addition, altering the relative contributions of the spliced isoforms could increase drought resistance. For example, our data suggest that the accumulation of a nonfunctional FLM (FLOWERING LOCUS M) isoform and not the ratio of FLM-ß and -δ isoforms may be responsible for the phenotype of early flowering under long-day drought conditions. In sum, our data show that AS enhances proteome diversity to counteract drought stress and represent a valuable resource that will facilitate the development of new strategies to improve plant performance under drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duorong Xu
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Qian Tang
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Anton R. Schäffner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui Y, He M, Liu D, Liu J, Liu J, Yan D. Intercellular Communication during Stomatal Development with a Focus on the Role of Symplastic Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032593. [PMID: 36768915 PMCID: PMC9917297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata are microscopic pores on the plant epidermis that serve as a major passage for the gas and water exchange between a plant and the atmosphere. The formation of stomata requires a series of cell division and cell-fate transitions and some key regulators including transcription factors and peptides. Monocots have different stomatal patterning and a specific subsidiary cell formation process compared with dicots. Cell-to-cell symplastic trafficking mediated by plasmodesmata (PD) allows molecules including proteins, RNAs and hormones to function in neighboring cells by moving through the channels. During stomatal developmental process, the intercellular communication between stomata complex and adjacent epidermal cells are finely controlled at different stages. Thus, the stomata cells are isolated or connected with others to facilitate their formation or movement. In the review, we summarize the main regulation mechanism underlying stomata development in both dicots and monocots and especially the specific regulation of subsidiary cell formation in monocots. We aim to highlight the important role of symplastic connection modulation during stomata development, including the status of PD presence at different cell-cell interfaces and the function of relevant mobile factors in both dicots and monocots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Meiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Datong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225007, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verslues PE, Bailey-Serres J, Brodersen C, Buckley TN, Conti L, Christmann A, Dinneny JR, Grill E, Hayes S, Heckman RW, Hsu PK, Juenger TE, Mas P, Munnik T, Nelissen H, Sack L, Schroeder JI, Testerink C, Tyerman SD, Umezawa T, Wigge PA. Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:67-108. [PMID: 36018271 PMCID: PMC9806664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Christmann
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Center Excellence, Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 6708 PB, Japan
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen S, Peng W, Ansah EO, Xiong F, Wu Y. Encoded C 4 homologue enzymes genes function under abiotic stresses in C3 plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2115634. [PMID: 36102341 PMCID: PMC9481101 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant organisms assimilate CO2 through the photosynthetic pathway, which facilitates in the synthesis of sugar for plant development. As environmental elements including water level, CO2 concentration, temperature and soil characteristics change, the plants may recruit series of genes to help adapt the hostile environments and challenges. C4 photosynthesis plants are an excellent example of plant evolutionary adaptation to diverse condition. Compared with C3 photosynthesis plants, C4 photosynthesis plants have altered leaf anatomy and new metabolism for CO2 capture, with multiple related enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), NAD(P)-malic enzyme (NAD(P)-ME), NAD(P) - malate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)-MDH) and carbonic anhydrases (CA), identified to participate in the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) pathway. Recently, great achievements about C4 CCM-related genes have been made in the dissection of C3 plant development processes involving various stresses. In this review, we describe the functions of C4 CCM-related homologous genes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in C3 plants. We further summarize C4 CCM-related homologous genes' functions in response to stresses in C3 plants. The understanding of C4 CCM-related genes' function in response to abiotic stress in plant is important to modify the crop plants for climate diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wangmenghan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ebenezer Ottopah Ansah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Le Provost G, Gerardin T, Plomion C, Brendel O. Molecular plasticity to soil water deficit differs between sessile oak (Quercus Petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) high- and low-water use efficiency genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2546-2562. [PMID: 35867420 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important adaptive trait for soil water deficit. The molecular and physiological bases of WUE regulation in crops have been studied in detail in the context of plant breeding. Knowledge for most forest tree species lags behind, despite the need to identify populations or genotypes able to cope with the longer, more intense drought periods likely to result from climate warming. We aimed to bridge this gap in knowledge for sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), one of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe, using a factorial design including trees with contrasted phenotypic values (low and high WUE) and two watering regimes (control and drought). By monitoring the ecophysiological response, we first qualified genotypes for their WUE (by using instantaneous and long-term measures). We then performed RNA-seq to quantify gene expression for the three most extreme genotypes exposed to the two watering regimes. By analyzing the interaction term, we were able to capture the molecular strategy of each group of plants for coping with drought. We identified putative candidate genes potentially involved in the regulation of transpiration rate in high-WUE phenotypes. Regardless of water availability, trees from the high-WUE phenotypic class overexpressed genes associated with drought responses, and in the control of stomatal density and distribution, and displayed a downregulation of genes associated with early stomatal closure and high transpiration rate. Fine physiological screening of sessile oaks with contrasting WUE, and their molecular characterization (i) highlighted subtle differences in transcription between low- and high-WUE genotypes, identifying key molecular players in the genetic control of this trait and (ii) revealed the genes underlying the molecular strategy that evolved in each group to potentially cope with water deficit, providing new insight into the within-species diversity in drought adaptation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo Gerardin
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Oliver Brendel
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takahashi Y, Bosmans KC, Hsu PK, Paul K, Seitz C, Yeh CY, Wang YS, Yarmolinsky D, Sierla M, Vahisalu T, McCammon JA, Kangasjärvi J, Zhang L, Kollist H, Trac T, Schroeder JI. Stomatal CO 2/bicarbonate sensor consists of two interacting protein kinases, Raf-like HT1 and non-kinase-activity requiring MPK12/MPK4. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6161. [PMID: 36475789 PMCID: PMC9728965 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuing rise in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration causes stomatal closing, thus critically affecting transpirational water loss, photosynthesis, and plant growth. However, the primary CO2 sensor remains unknown. Here, we show that elevated CO2 triggers interaction of the MAP kinases MPK4/MPK12 with the HT1 protein kinase, thus inhibiting HT1 kinase activity. At low CO2, HT1 phosphorylates and activates the downstream negatively regulating CBC1 kinase. Physiologically relevant HT1-mediated phosphorylation sites in CBC1 are identified. In a genetic screen, we identify dominant active HT1 mutants that cause insensitivity to elevated CO2. Dominant HT1 mutants abrogate the CO2/bicarbonate-induced MPK4/12-HT1 interaction and HT1 inhibition, which may be explained by a structural AlphaFold2- and Gaussian-accelerated dynamics-generated model. Unexpectedly, MAP kinase activity is not required for CO2 sensor function and CO2-triggered HT1 inhibition and stomatal closing. The presented findings reveal that MPK4/12 and HT1 together constitute the long-sought primary stomatal CO2/bicarbonate sensor upstream of the CBC1 kinase in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takahashi
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Corresponding author. (Y.T.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Krystal C. Bosmans
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Karnelia Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chung-Yueh Yeh
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Yuh-Shuh Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Maija Sierla
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Triin Vahisalu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - J. Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Thien Trac
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Corresponding author. (Y.T.); (J.I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kandoi D, Ruhil K, Govindjee G, Tripathy BC. Overexpression of cytoplasmic C 4 Flaveria bidentis carbonic anhydrase in C 3 Arabidopsis thaliana increases amino acids, photosynthetic potential, and biomass. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1518-1532. [PMID: 35467074 PMCID: PMC9342616 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An important method to improve photosynthesis in C3 crops, such as rice and wheat, is to transfer efficient C4 characters to them. Here, cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA: βCA3) of the C4 Flaveria bidentis (Fb) was overexpressed under the control of 35 S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana, a C3 plant, to enhance its photosynthetic efficiency. Overexpression of CA resulted in a better supply of the substrate HCO3- for the endogenous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol of the overexpressers, and increased its activity for generating malate that feeds into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This provided additional carbon skeleton for increased synthesis of amino acids aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, and glutamine. Increased amino acids contributed to higher protein content in the transgenics. Furthermore, expression of FbβCA3 in Arabidopsis led to a better growth due to expression of several genes leading to higher chlorophyll content, electron transport, and photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the transformants. Enhanced CO2 assimilation resulted in increased sugar and starch content, and plant dry weight. In addition, transgenic plants had lower stomatal conductance, reduced transpiration rate, and higher water-use efficiency. These results, taken together, show that expression of C4 CA in the cytosol of a C3 plant can indeed improve its photosynthetic capacity with enhanced water-use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kandoi
- School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Kamal Ruhil
- School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Plant BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Baishnab C. Tripathy
- School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
- Department of BiotechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaUPIndia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
DiMario RJ, Giuliani R, Ubierna N, Slack AD, Cousins AB, Studer AJ. Lack of leaf carbonic anhydrase activity eliminates the C 4 carbon-concentrating mechanism requiring direct diffusion of CO 2 into bundle sheath cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1382-1397. [PMID: 35233800 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) performs the first enzymatic step of C4 photosynthesis by catalysing the reversible hydration of dissolved CO2 that diffuses into mesophyll cells from intercellular airspaces. This CA-catalysed reaction provides the bicarbonate used by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to generate products that flow into the C4 carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). It was previously demonstrated that the Zea mays ca1ca2 double mutant lost 97% of leaf CA activity, but there was little difference in the growth phenotype under ambient CO2 partial pressures (pCO2 ). We hypothesise that since CAs are among the fastest enzymes, minimal activity from a third CA, CA8, can provide the inorganic carbon needed to drive C4 photosynthesis. We observed that removing CA8 from the maize ca1ca2 background resulted in plants that had 0.2% of wild-type leaf CA activity. These ca1ca2ca8 plants had reduced photosynthetic parameters and could only survive at elevated pCO2 . Photosynthetic and carbon isotope analysis combined with modelling of photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination was used to determine if ca1ca2ca8 plants had a functional C4 cycle or were relying on direct CO2 diffusion to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase within bundle sheath cells. The results suggest that leaf CA activity in ca1ca2ca8 plants was not sufficient to sustain the C4 CCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J DiMario
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rita Giuliani
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron D Slack
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun G, Xia M, Li J, Ma W, Li Q, Xie J, Bai S, Fang S, Sun T, Feng X, Guo G, Niu Y, Hou J, Ye W, Ma J, Guo S, Wang H, Long Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhou H, Li B, Liu J, Zou C, Wang H, Huang J, Galbraith DW, Song CP. The maize single-nucleus transcriptome comprehensively describes signaling networks governing movement and development of grass stomata. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1890-1911. [PMID: 35166333 PMCID: PMC9048877 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The unique morphology of grass stomata enables rapid responses to environmental changes. Deciphering the basis for these responses is critical for improving food security. We have developed a planta platform of single-nucleus RNA-sequencing by combined fluorescence-activated nuclei flow sorting, and used it to identify cell types in mature and developing stomata from 33,098 nuclei of the maize epidermis-enriched tissues. Guard cells (GCs) and subsidiary cells (SCs) displayed differential expression of genes, besides those encoding transporters, involved in the abscisic acid, CO2, Ca2+, starch metabolism, and blue light signaling pathways, implicating coordinated signal integration in speedy stomatal responses, and of genes affecting cell wall plasticity, implying a more sophisticated relationship between GCs and SCs in stomatal development and dumbbell-shaped guard cell formation. The trajectory of stomatal development identified in young tissues, and by comparison to the bulk RNA-seq data of the MUTE defective mutant in stomatal development, confirmed known features, and shed light on key participants in stomatal development. Our study provides a valuable, comprehensive, and fundamental foundation for further insights into grass stomatal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Sun
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mingzhang Xia
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jieping Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qingzeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinjin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shanshan Fang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ting Sun
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinlei Feng
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanli Niu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenling Ye
- School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Long
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changsong Zou
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hai Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crawford JD, Cousins AB. Limitation of C4 photosynthesis by low carbonic anhydrase activity increases with temperature but does not influence mesophyll CO2 conductance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:927-938. [PMID: 34698863 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C4 plants is initiated by the uptake of bicarbonate (HCO3-) via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Generation of HCO3- for PEPC is determined by the interaction between mesophyll CO2 conductance and the hydration of CO2 to HCO3- by carbonic anhydrase (CA). Genetic reduction of CA was previously shown not to limit C4 photosynthesis under ambient atmospheric partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2). However, CA activity varies widely across C4 species and it is unknown if there are specific environmental conditions (e.g. high temperature) where CA may limit HCO3- production for C4 photosynthesis. Additionally, CA activity has been suggested to influence mesophyll conductance, but this has not been experimentally tested. We hypothesize that CA activity can limit PEPC at high temperatures, particularly at low pCO2, but does not directly influence gm. Here we tested the influence of genetically reduced CA activity on photosynthesis and gm in the C4 plant Zea mays under a range of pCO2 and temperatures. Reduced CA activity limited HCO3- production for C4 photosynthesis at low pCO2 as temperatures increased, but did not influence mesophyll conductance. Therefore, high leaf CA activity may enhance C4 photosynthesis under high temperature when stomatal conductance restricts the availability of atmospheric CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Crawford
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dubeaux G, Hsu PK, Ceciliato PHO, Swink KJ, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. Deep dive into CO2-dependent molecular mechanisms driving stomatal responses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2032-2042. [PMID: 35142859 PMCID: PMC8644143 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances are revealing mechanisms mediating CO2-regulated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis, stomatal architecture and stomatal movements in grasses, and the long-term impact of CO2 on growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dubeaux
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Kelsey J Swink
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Physics Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sorgini CA, Roberts LM, Sullivan M, Cousins AB, Baxter I, Studer AJ. The genetic architecture of leaf stable carbon isotope composition in Zea mays and the effect of transpiration efficiency on leaf elemental accumulation. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6321231. [PMID: 34544133 PMCID: PMC8661388 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With increased demand on freshwater resources for agriculture, it is imperative that more water-use efficient crops are developed. Leaf stable carbon isotope composition, δ13C, is a proxy for transpiration efficiency and a possible tool for breeders, but the underlying mechanisms effecting δ13C in C4 plants are not known. It has been suggested that differences in specific leaf area (SLA), which potentially reflects variation in internal CO2 diffusion, can impact leaf δ13C. Furthermore, although it is known that water movement is important for elemental uptake, it is not clear how manipulation of transpiration for increased water-use efficiency may impact nutrient accumulation. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture of leaf δ13C and test its relationship to SLA and the ionome in five populations of maize. Five significant QTL for leaf δ13C were identified, including novel QTL as well as some that were identified previously in maize kernels. One of the QTL regions contains an Erecta-like gene, the ortholog of which has been shown to regulate transpiration efficiency and leaf δ13C in Arabidopsis. QTL for δ13C were located in the same general chromosome region, but slightly shifted, when comparing data from two different years. Our data does not support a relationship between δ13C and SLA, and of the 19 elements analyzed, only a weak correlation between molybdenum and δ13C was detected. Together these data add to the genetic understanding of leaf δ13C in maize and suggest that improvements to plant water use may be possible without significantly influencing elemental homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Sorgini
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas M Roberts
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Madsen Sullivan
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sales CRG, Wang Y, Evers JB, Kromdijk J. Improving C4 photosynthesis to increase productivity under optimal and suboptimal conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5942-5960. [PMID: 34268575 PMCID: PMC8411859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely recognized as an underutilized strategy to increase crop yields, research in this area is strongly biased towards species with C3 photosynthesis relative to C4 species. Here, we outline potential strategies for improving C4 photosynthesis to increase yields in crops by reviewing the major bottlenecks limiting the C4 NADP-malic enzyme pathway under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Recent experimental results demonstrate that steady-state C4 photosynthesis under non-stressed conditions can be enhanced by increasing Rubisco content or electron transport capacity, both of which may also stimulate CO2 assimilation at supraoptimal temperatures. Several additional putative bottlenecks for photosynthetic performance under drought, heat, or chilling stress or during photosynthetic induction await further experimental verification. Based on source-sink interactions in maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, alleviating these photosynthetic bottlenecks during establishment and growth of the harvestable parts are likely to improve yield. The expected benefits are also shown to be augmented by the increasing trend in planting density, which increases the impact of photosynthetic source limitation on crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis (WUR), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Polishchuk OV. Stress-Related Changes in the Expression and Activity of Plant Carbonic Anhydrases. PLANTA 2021; 253:58. [PMID: 33532871 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The data on stress-related changes in the expression and activity of plant carbonic anhydrases (CAs) suggest that they are generally upregulated at moderate stress severity. This indicates probable involvement of CAs in adaptation to drought, high salinity, heat, high light, Ci deficit, and excess bicarbonate. The changes in CA levels under cold stress are less studied and generally represented by the downregulation of CAs excepting βCA2. Excess Cd2+ and deficit of Zn2+ specifically reduce CA activity and reduce its synthesis. Probable roles of βCAs in stress adaptation include stomatal closure, ROS scavenging and partial compensation for decreased mesophyll CO2 conductance. βCAs play contrasting roles in pathogen responses, interacting with phytohormone signaling networks. Their role can be either negative or positive, probably depending on the host-pathogen system, pathogen initial titer, and levels of ·NO and ROS. It is still not clear why CAs are suppressed under severe stress levels. It should be noted, that the role of βCAs in the facilitation of CO2 diffusion and their involvement in redox signaling or ROS detoxication are potentially antagonistic, as they are inactivated by oxidation or nitrosylation. Interestingly, some chloroplastic βCAs may be relocated to the cytoplasm under stress conditions, but the physiological meaning of this effect remains to be studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Polishchuk
- Membranology and Phytochemistry Department, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Mei X, Wang Y, Huang G, Feng F, Liu X, Guo R, Gu F, Hu X, Yang Z, Zhong X, Li Y. Stomatal conductance bears no correlation with transpiration rate in wheat during their diurnal variation under high air humidity. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8927. [PMID: 32391197 PMCID: PMC7199760 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A good understanding of the response of photosynthesis rate (P N) and transpiration rate (Tr) to stomatal alteration during the diurnal variations is important to cumulative photosynthetic production and water loss of crops. Six wheat genotypes were studied for 2 years with pot cultivation in rain-shelter. Among different genotypes, stomatal conductance (g s) was significantly correlated with both P N and Tr. But for each genotype, though g s was significantly correlated with P N regardless of relative air humidity (RH) status and it was also significantly correlated with Tr under lower RH (LRH, 15.4%) and moderate RH (MRH, 28.3%), it was not correlated with Tr under higher RH (HRH, 36.7%) during the diurnal changes. The conditional correlation between g s and Tr of wheat evoked new thinking on the relationships among g s, P N and Tr. Path analysis was further carried out to clarify the correlations of g s with the four atmospheric factors, that of Tr with g s and the four factors and the direct and indirect effects of the factors, during their diurnal dynamic variation. The effects of these factors on g s or Tr were related to RH. All the four factors had a much higher correlation with g s under HRH than that under LRH and MRH. Air temperature (T) had a rather higher direct effect than RH and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Also, the other factors had a much higher indirect effect on g s through vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and T. Transpiration rate was highly correlated with g s under LRH and MRH, with g s having a higher direct effect on it. In comparison, Tr was not correlated with g s under HRH but highly correlated with the atmospheric factors, with T, RH, and PAR having a higher indirect effect through VPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Huang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxue Gu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu, China
| | - Ziguang Yang
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiuli Zhong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use and Disaster Mitigation for Crops, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jensen EL, Maberly SC, Gontero B. Insights on the Functions and Ecophysiological Relevance of the Diverse Carbonic Anhydrases in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2922. [PMID: 32331234 PMCID: PMC7215798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) exist in all kingdoms of life. They are metalloenzymes, often containing zinc, that catalyze the interconversion of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide-a ubiquitous reaction involved in a variety of cellular processes. So far, eight classes of apparently evolutionary unrelated CAs that are present in a large diversity of living organisms have been described. In this review, we focus on the diversity of CAs and their roles in photosynthetic microalgae. We describe their essential role in carbon dioxide-concentrating mechanisms and photosynthesis, their regulation, as well as their less studied roles in non-photosynthetic processes. We also discuss the presence in some microalgae, especially diatoms, of cambialistic CAs (i.e., CAs that can replace Zn by Co, Cd, or Fe) and, more recently, a CA that uses Mn as a metal cofactor, with potential ecological relevance in aquatic environments where trace metal concentrations are low. There has been a recent explosion of knowledge about this well-known enzyme with exciting future opportunities to answer outstanding questions using a range of different approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik L. Jensen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CEDEX 20, 13 402 Marseille, France;
| | - Stephen C. Maberly
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lake Ecosystems Group, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK;
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, CEDEX 20, 13 402 Marseille, France;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Chen ZH. Does Molecular and Structural Evolution Shape the Speedy Grass Stomata? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32373136 PMCID: PMC7186404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been increasingly important for breeding programs to be aimed at crops that are capable of coping with a changing climate, especially with regards to higher frequency and intensity of drought events. Grass stomatal complex has been proposed as an important factor that may enable grasses to adapt to water stress and variable climate conditions. There are many studies focusing on the stomatal morphology and development in the eudicot model plant Arabidopsis and monocot model plant Brachypodium. However, the comprehensive understanding of the distinction of stomatal structure and development between monocots and eudicots, especially between grasses and eudicots, are still less known at evolutionary and comparative genetic levels. Therefore, we employed the newly released version of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptome (OneKP) database and existing databases of green plant genome assemblies to explore the evolution of gene families that contributed to the formation of the unique structure and development of grass stomata. This review emphasizes the differential stomatal morphology, developmental mechanisms, and guard cell signaling in monocots and eudicots. We provide a summary of useful molecular evidences for the high water use efficiency of grass stomata that may offer new horizons for future success in breeding climate resilient crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Watson-Lazowski A, Papanicolaou A, Koller F, Ghannoum O. The transcriptomic responses of C 4 grasses to subambient CO 2 and low light are largely species specific and only refined by photosynthetic subtype. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1170-1184. [PMID: 31651067 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three subtypes of C4 photosynthesis exist (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PEPCK), each known to be beneficial under specific environmental conditions. However, the influence of photosynthetic subtype on transcriptomic plasticity, as well as the genes underpinning this variability, remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigate the responses of six C4 grass species, spanning all three C4 subtypes, to two controlled environmental stresses: low light (200 µmol m-2 sec-1 ) and glacial CO2 (subambient; 180 ppm). We identify a susceptibility within NADP-ME species to glacial CO2 . Notably, although glacial CO2 phenotypes could be tied to C4 subtype, biochemical and transcriptomic responses to glacial CO2 were largely species specific. Nevertheless, we were able to identify subtype specific subsets of significantly differentially expressed transcripts which link resource acquisition and allocation to NADP-ME species susceptibility to glacial CO2 . Here, low light phenotypes were comparable across species with no clear subtype response, while again, transcriptomic responses to low light were largely species specific. However, numerous functional similarities were noted within the transcriptomic responses to low light, suggesting these responses are functionally relatively conserved. Additionally, PEPCK species exhibited heightened regulation of transcripts related to metabolism in response to both stresses, likely tied to their C4 metabolic pathway. These results highlight the influence that both species and subtype can have on plant responses to abiotic stress, building on our mechanistic understanding of acclimation within C4 grasses and highlighting avenues for future crop improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Watson-Lazowski
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fiona Koller
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Momayyezi M, McKown AD, Bell SCS, Guy RD. Emerging roles for carbonic anhydrase in mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:831-844. [PMID: 31816145 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an abundant protein in most photosynthesizing organisms and higher plants. This review paper considers the physiological importance of the more abundant CA isoforms in photosynthesis, through their effects on CO2 diffusion and other processes in photosynthetic organisms. In plants, CA has multiple isoforms in three different families (α, β and γ) and is mainly known to catalyze the CO2↔HCO3- equilibrium. This reversible conversion has a clear role in photosynthesis, primarily through sustaining the CO2 concentration at the site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Despite showing the same major reaction mechanism, the three main CA families are evolutionarily distinct. For different CA isoforms, cellular localization and total gene expression as a function of developmental stage are predicted to determine the role of each family in relation to the net assimilation rate. Reaction-diffusion modeling and observational evidence support a role for CA activity in reducing resistance to CO2 diffusion inside mesophyll cells by facilitating CO2 transfer in both gas and liquid phases. In addition, physical and/or biochemical interactions between CAs and other membrane-bound compartments, for example aquaporins, are suggested to trigger a CO2 -sensing response by stomatal movement. In response to environmental stresses, changes in the expression level of CAs and/or stimulated deactivation of CAs may correspond with lower photosynthetic capacity. We suggest that further studies should focus on the dynamics of the relationship between the activity of CAs (with different subcellular localization, abundance and gene expression) and limitations due to CO2 diffusivity through the mesophyll and supply of CO2 to photosynthetic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Athena D McKown
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shannon C S Bell
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nunes TDG, Zhang D, Raissig MT. Form, development and function of grass stomata. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:780-799. [PMID: 31571301 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are cellular breathing pores on leaves that open and close to absorb photosynthetic carbon dioxide and to restrict water loss through transpiration, respectively. Grasses (Poaceae) form morphologically innovative stomata, which consist of two dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by two lateral subsidiary cells (SCs). This 'graminoid' morphology is associated with faster stomatal movements leading to more water-efficient gas exchange in changing environments. Here, we offer a genetic and mechanistic perspective on the unique graminoid form of grass stomata and the developmental innovations during stomatal cell lineage initiation, recruitment of SCs and stomatal morphogenesis. Furthermore, the functional consequences of the four-celled, graminoid stomatal morphology are summarized. We compile the identified players relevant for stomatal opening and closing in grasses, and discuss possible mechanisms leading to cell-type-specific regulation of osmotic potential and turgor. In conclusion, we propose that the investigation of functionally superior grass stomata might reveal routes to improve water-stress resilience of agriculturally relevant plants in a changing climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D G Nunes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Zhang
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang J, De-Oliveira-Ceciliato P, Takahashi Y, Schulze S, Dubeaux G, Hauser F, Azoulay-Shemer T, Tõldsepp K, Kollist H, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of CO 2-Mediated Regulation of Stomatal Movements. Curr Biol 2019; 28:R1356-R1363. [PMID: 30513335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants must continually balance the influx of CO2 for photosynthesis against the loss of water vapor through stomatal pores in their leaves. This balance can be achieved by controlling the aperture of the stomatal pores in response to several environmental stimuli. Elevation in atmospheric [CO2] induces stomatal closure and further impacts leaf temperatures, plant growth and water-use efficiency, and global crop productivity. Here, we review recent advances in understanding CO2-perception mechanisms and CO2-mediated signal transduction in the regulation of stomatal movements, and we explore how these mechanisms are integrated with other signaling pathways in guard cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paulo De-Oliveira-Ceciliato
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Schulze
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guillaume Dubeaux
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Felix Hauser
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kadri Tõldsepp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Physics Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leakey ADB, Ferguson JN, Pignon CP, Wu A, Jin Z, Hammer GL, Lobell DB. Water Use Efficiency as a Constraint and Target for Improving the Resilience and Productivity of C 3 and C 4 Crops. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:781-808. [PMID: 31035829 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of plant carbon gain to water use, known as water use efficiency (WUE), has long been recognized as a key constraint on crop production and an important target for crop improvement. WUE is a physiologically and genetically complex trait that can be defined at a range of scales. Many component traits directly influence WUE, including photosynthesis, stomatal and mesophyll conductances, and canopy structure. Interactions of carbon and water relations with diverse aspects of the environment and crop development also modulate WUE. As a consequence, enhancing WUE by breeding or biotechnology has proven challenging but not impossible. This review aims to synthesize new knowledge of WUE arising from advances in phenotyping, modeling, physiology, genetics, and molecular biology in the context of classical theoretical principles. In addition, we discuss how rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has created and will continue to create opportunities for enhancing WUE by modifying the trade-off between photosynthesis and transpiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Charles P Pignon
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Alex Wu
- Centre for Crop Science and Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - Zhenong Jin
- Department of Earth System Science and Center for Food Security and Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Graeme L Hammer
- Centre for Crop Science and Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - David B Lobell
- Department of Earth System Science and Center for Food Security and Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sussmilch FC, Schultz J, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Acquiring Control: The Evolution of Stomatal Signalling Pathways. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:342-351. [PMID: 30797685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In vascular plants, stomata balance two opposing functions: they open to facilitate CO2 uptake and close to prevent excessive water loss. Here, we discuss the evolution of three major signalling pathways that are known to control stomatal movements in angiosperms in response to light, CO2, and abscisic acid (ABA). We examine the evolutionary origins of key signalling genes involved in these pathways, and compare their expression patterns between an angiosperm and moss. We propose that variation in stomatal sensitivity to stimuli between plant groups are rooted in differences in: (i) gene presence/absence, (ii) specificity of gene spatial expression pattern, and (iii) protein characteristics and functional interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schultz
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, D-97218 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kolbe AR, Studer AJ, Cornejo OE, Cousins AB. Insights from transcriptome profiling on the non-photosynthetic and stomatal signaling response of maize carbonic anhydrase mutants to low CO 2. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:138. [PMID: 30767781 PMCID: PMC6377783 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the hydration of CO2 in the first biochemical step of C4 photosynthesis, and has been considered a potentially rate-limiting step when CO2 availability within a leaf is low. Previous work in Zea mays (maize) with a double knockout of the two highest-expressed β-CA genes, CA1 and CA2, reduced total leaf CA activity to less than 3% of wild-type. Surprisingly, this did not limit photosynthesis in maize at ambient or higher CO2concentrations. However, the ca1ca2 mutants exhibited reduced rates of photosynthesis at sub-ambient CO2, and accumulated less biomass when grown under sub-ambient CO2 (9.2 Pa). To further clarify the importance of CA for C4 photosynthesis, we assessed gene expression changes in wild-type, ca1 and ca1ca2 mutants in response to changes in pCO2 from 920 to 9.2 Pa. RESULTS Leaf samples from each genotype were collected for RNA-seq analysis at high CO2 and at two time points after the low CO2 transition, in order to identify early and longer-term responses to CO2 deprivation. Despite the existence of multiple isoforms of CA, no other CA genes were upregulated in CA mutants. Although photosynthetic genes were downregulated in response to low CO2, differential expression was not observed between genotypes. However, multiple indicators of carbon starvation were present in the mutants, including amino acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and sugar signaling. In particular, multiple genes previously implicated in low carbon stress such as asparagine synthetase, amino acid transporters, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, as well as many transcription factors, were strongly upregulated. Furthermore, genes in the CO2 stomatal signaling pathway were differentially expressed in the CA mutants under low CO2. CONCLUSIONS Using a transcriptomic approach, we showed that carbonic anhydrase mutants do not compensate for the lack of CA activity by upregulating other CA or photosynthetic genes, but rather experienced extreme carbon stress when grown under low CO2. Our results also support a role for CA in the CO2 stomatal signaling pathway. This study provides insight into the importance of CA for C4 photosynthesis and its role in stomatal signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Kolbe
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Anthony J. Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Omar E. Cornejo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Asaph B. Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang J, Wang N, Miao Y, Hauser F, McCammon JA, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. Identification of SLAC1 anion channel residues required for CO 2/bicarbonate sensing and regulation of stomatal movements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11129-11137. [PMID: 30301791 PMCID: PMC6217375 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807624115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in CO2 concentration in plant leaves due to respiration in the dark and the continuing atmospheric [CO2] rise cause closing of stomatal pores, thus affecting plant-water relations globally. However, the underlying CO2/bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3-) sensing mechanisms remain unknown. [CO2] elevation in leaves triggers stomatal closure by anion efflux mediated via the SLAC1 anion channel localized in the plasma membrane of guard cells. Previous reconstitution analysis has suggested that intracellular bicarbonate ions might directly up-regulate SLAC1 channel activity. However, whether such a CO2/HCO3- regulation of SLAC1 is relevant for CO2 control of stomatal movements in planta remains unknown. Here, we computationally probe for candidate bicarbonate-interacting sites within the SLAC1 anion channel via long-timescale Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations. Mutations of two putative bicarbonate-interacting residues, R256 and R321, impaired the enhancement of the SLAC1 anion channel activity by CO2/HCO3- in Xenopus oocytes. Mutations of the neighboring charged amino acid K255 and residue R432 and the predicted gate residue F450 did not affect HCO3- regulation of SLAC1. Notably, gas-exchange experiments with slac1-transformed plants expressing mutated SLAC1 proteins revealed that the SLAC1 residue R256 is required for CO2 regulation of stomatal movements in planta, but not for abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closing. Patch clamp analyses of guard cells show that activation of S-type anion channels by CO2/HCO3-, but not by ABA, was impaired, indicating the relevance of R256 for CO2 signal transduction. Together, these analyses suggest that the SLAC1 anion channel is one of the physiologically relevant CO2/HCO3- sensors in guard cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Felix Hauser
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116
| | - J Andrew McCammon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0354
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116;
| |
Collapse
|