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Zhou L, Xiang X, Ji D, Chen Q, Ma T, Wang J, Liu C. A Carbonic Anhydrase, ZmCA4, Contributes to Photosynthetic Efficiency and Modulates CO2 Signaling Gene Expression by Interacting with Aquaporin ZmPIP2;6 in Maize. Plant Cell Physiol 2024; 65:243-258. [PMID: 37955399 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible CO2 hydration reaction that produces bicarbonate for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). This is the initial step for transmitting the CO2 signal in C4 photosynthesis. However, it remains unknown whether the maize (Zea mays L.) CA gene, ZmCA4, plays a role in the maize photosynthesis process. In our study, we found that ZmCA4 was relatively highly expressed in leaves and localized in the chloroplast and the plasma membrane of mesophyll protoplasts. Knock-out of ZmCA4 reduced CA activity, while overexpression of ZmCA4 increased rubisco activity, as well as the quantum yield and relative electron transport rate in photosystem II. Overexpression of ZmCA4 enhanced maize yield-related traits. Moreover, ZmCA4 interacted with aquaporin ZmPIP2;6 in bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The double-knock-out mutant for ZmPIP2;6 and ZmCA4 genes showed reductions in its growth, CA and PEPC activities, assimilation rate and photosystem activity. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the expression of other ZmCAs, ZmPIPs, as well as CO2 signaling pathway homologous genes, and photosynthetic-related genes was all altered in the double-knock-out mutant compared with the wild type. Altogether, our study's findings point to a critical role of ZmCA4 in determining photosynthetic capacity and modulating CO2 signaling regulation via its interaction with ZmPIP2;6, thus providing insight into the potential genetic value of ZmCA4 for maize yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xiang
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongpu Ji
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiulan Chen
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiuguang Wang
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaoxian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Yeh CY, Wang YS, Takahashi Y, Kuusk K, Paul K, Arjus T, Yadlos O, Schroeder JI, Ilves I, Garcia-Sosa AT, Kollist H. MPK12 in stomatal CO 2 signaling: function beyond its kinase activity. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 36978283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a major molecular switch involved in the regulation of stomatal opening and closure. Previous research defined interaction between MAP kinase 12 and Raf-like kinase HT1 as a required step for stomatal movements caused by changes in CO2 concentration. However, whether MPK12 kinase activity is required for regulation of CO2 -induced stomatal responses warrants in-depth investigation. We apply genetic, biochemical, and structural modeling approaches to examining the noncatalytic role of MPK12 in guard cell CO2 signaling that relies on allosteric inhibition of HT1. We show that CO2 /HCO3 - -enhanced MPK12 interaction with HT1 is independent of its kinase activity. By analyzing gas exchange of plant lines expressing various kinase-dead and constitutively active versions of MPK12 in a plant line where MPK12 is deleted, we confirmed that CO2 -dependent stomatal responses rely on MPK12's ability to bind to HT1, but not its kinase activity. We also demonstrate that purified MPK12 and HT1 proteins form a heterodimer in the presence of CO2 /HCO3 - and present structural modeling that explains the MPK12:HT1 interaction interface. These data add to the model that MPK12 kinase-activity-independent interaction with HT1 functions as a molecular switch by which guard cells sense changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yueh Yeh
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Yuh-Shuh Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katarina Kuusk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Karnelia Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Triinu Arjus
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Oleksii Yadlos
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Ivar Ilves
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | | | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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Kalliola M, Jakobson L, Davidsson P, Pennanen V, Waszczak C, Yarmolinsky D, Zamora O, Palva ET, Kariola T, Kollist H, Brosché M. Differential role of MAX2 and strigolactones in pathogen, ozone, and stomatal responses. Plant Direct 2020; 4:e00206. [PMID: 32128474 PMCID: PMC7047155 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are a group of phytohormones that control developmental processes including shoot branching and various plant-environment interactions in plants. We previously showed that the strigolactone perception mutant more axillary branches 2 (max2) has increased susceptibility to plant pathogenic bacteria. Here we show that both strigolactone biosynthesis (max3 and max4) and perception mutants (max2 and dwarf14) are significantly more sensitive to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Moreover, in response to P. syringae infection, high levels of SA accumulated in max2 and this mutant was ozone sensitive. Further analysis of gene expression revealed no major role for strigolactone in regulation of defense gene expression. In contrast, guard cell function was clearly impaired in max2 and depending on the assay used, also in max3, max4, and d14 mutants. We analyzed stomatal responses to stimuli that cause stomatal closure. While the response to abscisic acid (ABA) was not impaired in any of the mutants, the response to darkness and high CO2 was impaired in max2 and d14-1 mutants, and to CO2 also in strigolactone synthesis (max3, max4) mutants. To position the role of MAX2 in the guard cell signaling network, max2 was crossed with mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis or signaling. This revealed that MAX2 acts in a signaling pathway that functions in parallel to the guard cell ABA signaling pathway. We propose that the impaired defense responses of max2 are related to higher stomatal conductance that allows increased entry of bacteria or air pollutants like ozone. Furthermore, as MAX2 appears to act in a specific branch of guard cell signaling (related to CO2 signaling), this protein could be one of the components that allow guard cells to distinguish between different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalliola
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Pär Davidsson
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ville Pennanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Cezary Waszczak
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Olena Zamora
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - E. Tapio Palva
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tarja Kariola
- LUMA Centre Päijät‐HämeUniversity of HelsinkiLahtiFinland
| | | | - Mikael Brosché
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Tõldsepp K, Zhang J, Takahashi Y, Sindarovska Y, Hõrak H, Ceciliato PHO, Koolmeister K, Wang YS, Vaahtera L, Jakobson L, Yeh CY, Park J, Brosche M, Kollist H, Schroeder JI. Mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK4 and MPK12 are key components mediating CO 2 -induced stomatal movements. Plant J 2018; 96:1018-1035. [PMID: 30203878 PMCID: PMC6261798 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiration in leaves and the continued elevation in the atmospheric CO2 concentration cause CO2 -mediated reduction in stomatal pore apertures. Several mutants have been isolated for which stomatal responses to both abscisic acid (ABA) and CO2 are simultaneously defective. However, there are only few mutations that impair the stomatal response to elevated CO2 , but not to ABA. Such mutants are invaluable in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of early CO2 signal transduction in guard cells. Recently, mutations in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, MPK12, have been shown to partially impair CO2 -induced stomatal closure. Here, we show that mpk12 plants, in which MPK4 is stably silenced specifically in guard cells (mpk12 mpk4GC homozygous double-mutants), completely lack CO2 -induced stomatal responses and have impaired activation of guard cell S-type anion channels in response to elevated CO2 /bicarbonate. However, ABA-induced stomatal closure, S-type anion channel activation and ABA-induced marker gene expression remain intact in the mpk12 mpk4GC double-mutants. These findings suggest that MPK12 and MPK4 act very early in CO2 signaling, upstream of, or parallel to the convergence of CO2 and ABA signal transduction. The activities of MPK4 and MPK12 protein kinases were not directly modulated by CO2 /bicarbonate in vitro, suggesting that they are not direct CO2 /bicarbonate sensors. Further data indicate that MPK4 and MPK12 have distinguishable roles in Arabidopsis and that the previously suggested role of RHC1 in stomatal CO2 signaling is minor, whereas MPK4 and MPK12 act as key components of early stomatal CO2 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Tõldsepp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yana Sindarovska
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | | | - Yuh-Shuh Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Liina Jakobson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Chung-Yueh Yeh
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Mikael Brosche
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
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He J, Zhang R, Peng K, Tagliavia C, Li S, Xue S, Liu A, Hu H, Zhang J, Hubbard KE, Held K, McAinsh MR, Gray JE, Kudla J, Schroeder JI, Liang Y, Hetherington AM. The BIG protein distinguishes the process of CO 2 -induced stomatal closure from the inhibition of stomatal opening by CO 2. New Phytol 2018; 218:232-241. [PMID: 29292834 PMCID: PMC5887946 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an infrared thermal imaging-based genetic screen to identify Arabidopsis mutants displaying aberrant stomatal behavior in response to elevated concentrations of CO2 . This approach resulted in the isolation of a novel allele of the Arabidopsis BIG locus (At3g02260) that we have called CO2 insensitive 1 (cis1). BIG mutants are compromised in elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure and bicarbonate activation of S-type anion channel currents. In contrast with the wild-type, they fail to exhibit reductions in stomatal density and index when grown in elevated CO2 . However, like the wild-type, BIG mutants display inhibition of stomatal opening when exposed to elevated CO2 . BIG mutants also display wild-type stomatal aperture responses to the closure-inducing stimulus abscisic acid (ABA). Our results indicate that BIG is a signaling component involved in the elevated CO2 -mediated control of stomatal development. In the control of stomatal aperture by CO2 , BIG is only required in elevated CO2 -induced closure and not in the inhibition of stomatal opening by this environmental signal. These data show that, at the molecular level, the CO2 -mediated inhibition of opening and promotion of stomatal closure signaling pathways are separable and BIG represents a distinguishing element in these two CO2 -mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceDepartment of Plant SciencesCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Ruo‐Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceDepartment of Plant SciencesCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Kai Peng
- School of Biological SciencesLife Sciences Building24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS8 1TQUK
| | | | - Siwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceDepartment of Plant SciencesCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Amy Liu
- Cell and Developmental Biology SectionDivision of Biological SciencesUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Honghong Hu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Cell and Developmental Biology SectionDivision of Biological SciencesUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology SectionDivision of Biological SciencesUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Katharine E. Hubbard
- Cell and Developmental Biology SectionDivision of Biological SciencesUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of HullHullHU6 7RXUK
| | - Katrin Held
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenUniversität MünsterSchlossplatz 7Münster48149Germany
| | | | - Julie E. Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldFirth Court, Western BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenUniversität MünsterSchlossplatz 7Münster48149Germany
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology SectionDivision of Biological SciencesUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Yun‐Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceDepartment of Plant SciencesCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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Shi K, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xia X, Chen Z, Yu J. Guard cell hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide mediate elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato. New Phytol 2015; 208:342-53. [PMID: 26308648 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change as a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 influences plant photosynthesis and transpiration. Although the involvement of stomata in plant responses to elevated CO2 has been well established, the underlying mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement remains largely unknown. We used diverse techniques, including laser scanning confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical methodologies and gene silencing to investigate the signaling pathway for elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure was dependent on the production of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE 1 (RBOH1)-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells in an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent manner. Silencing of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) compromised the elevated CO2 -induced accumulation of H2 O2 and NO, upregulation of SLOW ANION CHANNEL ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) gene expression and reduction of stomatal aperture, whereas silencing of RBOH1 or NR had no effects on the expression of OST1. Our results demonstrate that as critical signaling molecules, RBOH1-dependent H2 O2 and NR-dependent NO act downstream of OST1 that regulate SLAC1 expression and elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement. This information is crucial to deepen the understanding of CO2 signaling pathway in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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