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Auñon-Lopez A, Alberdi-Cedeño J, Pignitter M, Castejón N. Microalgae as a New Source of Oxylipins: A Comprehensive LC-MS-Based Analysis Using Conventional and Green Extraction Methods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16749-16760. [PMID: 39016675 PMCID: PMC11299188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising sources of essential lipids, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 PUFA) and novel lipid metabolites like oxylipins. However, limited data exist on the oxylipin profile, its characterization, and the potential impact of the extraction process on these metabolites in microalgae. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the fatty acid and oxylipin profile of four microalgal species of interest (Microchloropsis gaditana, Tisochrysis lutea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Porphyridium cruentum) while also examining the impact of the extraction method, with a focus on developing a greener process using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ethanol. The UAE method showed similar oxylipin profiles, generally yielding concentrations comparable to those of the conventional Folch method. In total, 68 oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFA were detected, with the highest concentrations of n-3 oxylipins found in P. tricornutum and T. lutea and of n-6 oxylipins in P. cruentum. This study provides the most extensive oxylipin characterization of these microalgae species to date, offering insights into alternative extraction methods and opening new avenues for further investigation of the significance of oxylipins in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Auñon-Lopez
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon Alberdi-Cedeño
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Alava), Spain
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Castejón
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Jouhet J, Alves E, Boutté Y, Darnet S, Domergue F, Durand T, Fischer P, Fouillen L, Grube M, Joubès J, Kalnenieks U, Kargul JM, Khozin-Goldberg I, Leblanc C, Letsiou S, Lupette J, Markov GV, Medina I, Melo T, Mojzeš P, Momchilova S, Mongrand S, Moreira ASP, Neves BB, Oger C, Rey F, Santaeufemia S, Schaller H, Schleyer G, Tietel Z, Zammit G, Ziv C, Domingues R. Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 96:101290. [PMID: 39094698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/INRAE/CEA/Grenoble Alpes Univ., 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Pauline Fischer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanna M Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Dryland Agriculture and Biotechnology, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spiridonos str. Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bruna B Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sergio Santaeufemia
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Schleyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel
| | - Gabrielle Zammit
- Laboratory of Applied Phycology, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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3
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Duarte B, Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Marques AP, Maia M, Hertzog J, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Caçador I, Figueiredo A, Silva MS, Cordeiro C, Fonseca VF. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Antidepressant Effects in a Marine Photosynthetic Organism: The Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a Case Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121770. [PMID: 36552278 PMCID: PMC9775013 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of antidepressants, along with their increased occurrence in aquatic environments, is of concern for marine organisms. Although these pharmaceutical compounds have been shown to negatively affect marine diatoms, their mode of action in these non-target, single-cell phototrophic organisms is yet unknown. Using a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS) we evaluated the effects of fluoxetine in the metabolomics of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, as well as the potential use of the identified metabolites as exposure biomarkers. Diatom growth was severely impaired after fluoxetine exposure, particularly in the highest dose tested, along with a down-regulation of photosynthetic and carbohydrate metabolisms. Notably, several mechanisms that are normally down-regulated by fluoxetine in mammal organisms were also down-regulated in diatoms (e.g., glycerolipid metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway, vitamin metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and serotonin remobilization metabolism). Additionally, the present work also identified a set of potential biomarkers of fluoxetine exposure that were up-regulated with increasing fluoxetine exposure concentration and are of high metabolic significance following the disclosed mode of action, reinforcing the use of metabolomics approaches in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Feijão
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A. Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Marques
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marisa Maia
- Université de Lorraine, LCP-A2MC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | | | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory Terra, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de FT-ICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F. Fonseca
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Lupette J, Tardif M, Brugière S, Couté Y, Salvaing J, Maréchal E. Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal the impact of nitrogen starvation on the proteome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200155. [PMID: 36168874 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the largest groups in phytoplankton biodiversity. Understanding their response to nitrogen variations, present from micromolar to near-zero levels in oceans and fresh waters, is essential to comprehend their ecological success. Nitrogen starvation is used in biotechnological processes, to trigger the remodeling of carbon metabolism in the direction of fatty acids and triacylglycerol synthesis. We evaluated whole proteome changes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum after 7 days of cultivation with 5.5-mM nitrate (+N) or without any nitrogen source (-N). On a total of 3768 proteins detected in biological replicates, our analysis pointed to 384 differentially abundant proteins (DAP). Analysis of proteins of lower abundance in -N revealed an arrest of amino acid and protein syntheses, a remodeling of nitrogen metabolism, and a decrease of the proteasome abundance suggesting a decline in unselective whole-proteome decay. Analysis of proteins of higher abundance revealed the setting up of a general nitrogen scavenging system dependent on deaminases. The increase of a plastid palmitoyl-ACP desaturase appeared as a hallmark of carbon metabolism rewiring in the direction of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This dataset is also valuable to select gene candidates for improved biotechnological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marianne Tardif
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Salvaing
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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Maeda Y, Tanaka T. Molecular Insights into Lipoxygenases in Diatoms Based on Structure Prediction: a Pioneering Study on Lipoxygenases Found in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis and Fragilariopsis cylindrus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:468-479. [PMID: 35397048 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms produce a variety of oxylipins which are oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in chemical defense and intercellular communication, among other roles. Although the chemistry of diatom oxylipins has long been studied, the enzymes involved in their production, in particular lipoxygenase (LOX), which catalyzes the initial reaction of the synthesis, have not been discovered in diatom genomes. Recently, diatom LOXs were found in two species, Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis (PaLOX) and Fragilariopsis cylindrus (FcLOX); however, the enzymology of these LOXs is largely unknown. In this review article, we discuss the potential functions of the diatom LOXs based on previously reported structures of LOXs derived from various organisms other than diatoms. Since the structures of PaLOX and FcLOX have not yet been solved, we discussed their functions, such as regio- and stereospecificities, on the basis of their structures predicted using a computational tool based on deep learning technology. Both diatom LOXs were predicted to conserve common core domains with relatively wide substrate-binding pockets. The stereo-determinant residues in PaLOX and FcLOX suggest S specificity. We assume that the highly conserved common core domain can be a clue to reveal unidentified lox genes from the accumulated diatom genome information with the aid of high-throughput structure prediction tools and structure-based alignment tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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6
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Sabatino V, Orefice I, Marotta P, Ambrosino L, Chiusano ML, d'Ippolito G, Romano G, Fontana A, Ferrante MI. Silencing of a Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis lipoxygenase transcript leads to reduced oxylipin production and impaired growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:809-822. [PMID: 34533849 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their importance as chemical mediators, the presence of a rich and varied family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products, collectively named oxylipins, has been investigated thoroughly in diatoms, and the involvement of these products in important processes such as bloom regulation has been postulated. Nevertheless, little information is available on the enzymes and pathways operating in these protists. Exploiting transcriptome data, we identified and characterized a LOX gene, PaLOX, in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, a marine diatom known to produce different species of oxylipins by stereo- and regio-selective oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at C12 and C15. PaLOX RNA interference correlated with a decrease of the lipid-peroxidizing activity and oxylipin synthesis, as well as with a reduction of growth of P. arenysensis. In addition, sequence analysis and structure models of the C-terminal part of the predicted protein closely fitted with the data for established LOXs from other organisms. The presence in the genome of a single LOX gene, whose downregulation impairs both 12- and 15-oxylipins synthesis, together with the in silico 3D protein modelling suggest that PaLOX encodes for a 12/15S-LOX with a dual specificity, and provides additional support to the correlation between cell growth and oxylipin biosynthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sabatino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
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Abstract
Dissolved exometabolites mediate algal interactions in aquatic ecosystems, but microalgal exometabolomes remain understudied. We conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis of nonpolar exometabolites exuded from four phylogenetically and ecologically diverse eukaryotic microalgal strains grown in the laboratory, freshwater Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, brackish Desmodesmus sp., marine Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and marine Microchloropsis salina, to identify released metabolites based on relative enrichment in the exometabolomes compared to cell pellet metabolomes. Exudates from the different taxa were distinct, but we did not observe clear phylogenetic patterns. We used feature-based molecular networking to explore the identities of these metabolites, revealing several distinct di- and tripeptides secreted by each of the algae, lumichrome, a compound that is known to be involved in plant growth and bacterial quorum sensing, and novel prostaglandin-like compounds. We further investigated the impacts of exogenous additions of eight compounds selected based on exometabolome enrichment on algal growth. Of these compounds, five (lumichrome, 5′-S-methyl-5′-thioadenosine, 17-phenyl trinor prostaglandin A2, dodecanedioic acid, and aleuritic acid) impacted growth in at least one of the algal cultures. Two of these compounds (dodecanedioic acid and aleuritic acid) produced contrasting results, increasing growth in some algae and decreasing growth in others. Together, our results reveal new groups of microalgal exometabolites, some of which could alter algal growth when provided exogenously, suggesting potential roles in allelopathy and algal interactions. IMPORTANCE Microalgae are responsible for nearly half of primary production on earth and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycling as well as in a range of industrial applications. Algal exometabolites are important mediators of algal-algal and algal-bacterial interactions that ultimately affect algal growth and physiology. In this study, we characterize exometabolomes across marine and freshwater algae to gain insights into the diverse metabolites they release into their environments (“exudates”). We observe that while phylogeny can play a role in exometabolome content, environmental conditions or habitat origin (freshwater versus marine) are also important. We also find that several of these compounds can influence algal growth (as measured by chlorophyll production) when provided exogenously, highlighting the importance of characterization of these novel compounds and their role in microalgal ecophysiology.
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Mc Gee D, Archer L, Parkes R, Fleming GTA, Santos HM, Touzet N. The role of methyl jasmonate in enhancing biomass yields and bioactive metabolites in Stauroneis sp. (Bacillariophyceae) revealed by proteome and biochemical profiling. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104381. [PMID: 34536592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diatom Stauroneis sp. was previously identified as a promising source of fucoxanthin and omega-3 oils. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) supplementation is known to enhance metabolite yields in this species without impacting on growth or photosynthesis. Therefore, a label-free proteomics approach was undertaken to further evaluate the functional role of MJ on the diatom's physiology. Of the twenty cultivation regimes were screened, Uf/2 medium with green+white LED's induced the greatest metabolic response when exposed to 10 μM MJ treatment. These conditions significantly enhanced the pigment and total cellular lipids contents. The increase in fucoxanthin correlating with a 20% increase in Trolox reducing equivalent in the total antioxidant assay, indicating a non-enzymatic antioxidant role of fucoxanthin to mitigate the detrimental effects of a redox imbalance within chloroplasts. The proteomics identified 197 proteins up-regulated 48 h after MJ exposure including cell signalling cascades, photosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. MJ strengthened the dark reactions of photosynthesis to support growth and metabolite fluxes. The MJ-induced ER stress protein triggered lipid body production, facilitating metabolite turnover and trafficking between cellular organelles. Plastid terminal oxidase and glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase may act as MJ-induced ROS responsive regulatory switch to support chloroplast biosynthesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Phytohormones represents a promising tool to enhance the high-value metabolite yields in plants and algae, however little is known of the role of methyl jasmonate in diatoms at a molecular level. A shotgun proteomics approach was undertaken to determine the influence of MJ on the diatom's cellular physiology in the marine diatom Stauroneis sp., revealing a signal transduction cascade leading to increased lipid and pigment content and identified promising targets for genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dónal Mc Gee
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Archer
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Rachel Parkes
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Gerard T A Fleming
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hugo M Santos
- Bioscope Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829_516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation (CERIS), School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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9
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Comparative Response of Marine Microalgae to H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:4052-4067. [PMID: 34611856 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There have been growing interests in the biorefining of bioactive compounds from marine microalgae, including pigments, omega-3 fatty acids or antioxidants for use in the nutraceutical and cosmetic sectors. This study focused on the comparative responses of five marine microalgal species from different lineages, including the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, chlorophyte Brachiomonas submarina, diatom Stauroneis sp., haptophyte Diacronema sp. and rhodophyte Rhodella violacea, to exposure during their batch growth to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A. carterae returned an enhanced signal with the DPPH assay (8.8 µmol Trolox eq/g DW) when exposed to H2O2, which was associated with reduced pigment yields and increased proportions in saturated C16 and C18 fatty acids. B. submarina showed enhanced antioxidant response upon exposure to H2O2 with the DPPH assay (10 µmol Trolox eq/g DW), a threefold decrease in lutein (from 2.3 to 0.8 mg/g) but a twofold increase in chlorophyll b (up to 30.0 mg/g). Stauroneis sp. showed a downward response for the antioxidant assays, but its pigment yields did not vary significantly from the control. Diacronema sp. showed reduced antioxidant response and fucoxanthin content (from 4.0 to 0.2 mg/g) when exposed to 0.5 mM H2O2. R. violacea exposed to H2O2 returned enhanced antioxidant activity and proportions of EPA but was not significantly impacted in terms of pigment content. Results indicate that H2O2 can be used to induce stress and initiate metabolic changes in microalgae. The responses were however species-specific, which would require further dosage optimisation to modulate the yields of specific metabolites in individual species.
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10
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Maeda Y, Tsuru Y, Matsumoto N, Nonoyama T, Yoshino T, Matsumoto M, Tanaka T. Prostaglandin production by the microalga with heterologous expression of cyclooxygenase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2734-2743. [PMID: 33851720 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are the physiologically active compounds synthesized from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by cyclooxygenase (COX) and a series of PG synthases, and are utilized as pharmaceuticals. Currently, commercialized PGs are mainly produced by chemical synthesis under harsh conditions. By contrast, bioproduction of PGs can be an alternative, environmental-friendly, and inexpensive process with genetic engineering of model plants, although these conventional host organisms contain a limited quantity of PG precursors. In this study, we established an efficient PG production process using the genetically engineered microalga Fistulifera solaris which is rich in C20 PUFAs. A cox gene derived from the red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum was introduced into F. solaris. As a result, a transformant clone with high cox expression produced PGs (i.e., PGD2 , PGE2 , PGF2α , and 15-ketoPGF2α derived from arachidonic acid, and PGD3 , PGE3 , and PGF3α derived from eicosapentaenoic acid) as revealed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The total content of PGs was 1290.4 ng/g of dry cell weight, which was higher than that produced in the transgenic plant reported previously. The results obtained in this study indicate that the C20 PUFA-rich microalga functionally expressing COX is a promising host for PG bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maeda
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuru
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Matsumoto
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nonoyama
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshino
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsufumi Matsumoto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Degraeve-Guilbault C, Pankasem N, Gueirrero M, Lemoigne C, Domergue F, Kotajima T, Suzuki I, Joubès J, Corellou F. Temperature Acclimation of the Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri Triggers Early Fatty-Acid Variations and Involves a Plastidial ω3-Desaturase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639330. [PMID: 33815446 PMCID: PMC8018280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of fatty-acid unsaturation is a universal response to temperature changes. Marine microalgae display the largest diversity of polyunsaturated fatty-acid (PUFA) whose content notably varies according to temperature. The physiological relevance and the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are however, still poorly understood. The ancestral green picoalga Ostreococcus tauri displays original lipidic features that combines PUFAs from two distinctive microalgal lineages (Chlorophyceae, Chromista kingdom). In this study, optimized conditions were implemented to unveil early fatty-acid and desaturase transcriptional variations upon chilling and warming. We further functionally characterized the O. tauri ω3-desaturase which is closely related to ω3-desaturases from Chromista species. Our results show that the overall omega-3 to omega-6 ratio is swiftly and reversibly regulated by temperature variations. The proportion of the peculiar 18:5 fatty-acid and temperature are highly and inversely correlated pinpointing the importance of 18:5 temperature-dependent variations across kingdoms. Chilling rapidly and sustainably up-regulated most desaturase genes. Desaturases involved in the regulation of the C18-PUFA pool as well as the Δ5-desaturase appear to be major transcriptional targets. The only ω3-desaturase candidate, related to ω3-desaturases from Chromista species, is localized at chloroplasts in Nicotiana benthamiana and efficiently performs ω3-desaturation of C18-PUFAs in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Overexpression in the native host further unveils a broad impact on plastidial and non-plastidial glycerolipids illustrated by the alteration of omega-3/omega-6 ratio in C16-PUFA and VLC-PUFA pools. Global glycerolipid features of the overexpressor recall those of chilling acclimated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nattiwong Pankasem
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maurean Gueirrero
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Lemoigne
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Tomonori Kotajima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Iwane Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Florence Corellou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Florence Corellou,
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12
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Adigun OA, Nadeem M, Pham TH, Jewell LE, Cheema M, Thomas R. Recent advances in bio-chemical, molecular and physiological aspects of membrane lipid derivatives in plant pathology. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1-16. [PMID: 33034375 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens pose a significant threat to the food industry and food security accounting for 10-40% crop losses annually on a global scale. Economic losses from plant diseases are estimated at $300B for major food crops and are associated with reduced food availability and accessibility and also high food costs. Although strategies exist to reduce the impact of diseases in plants, many of these introduce harmful chemicals to our food chain. Therefore, it is important to understand and utilize plants' immune systems to control plant pathogens to enable more sustainable agriculture. Lipids are core components of cell membranes and as such are part of the first line of defense against pathogen attack. Recent developments in omics technologies have advanced our understanding of how plant membrane lipid biosynthesis, remodelling and/or signalling modulate plant responses to infection. Currently, there is limited information available in the scientific literature concerning lipid signalling targets and their biochemical and physiological consequences in response to plant pathogens. This review focusses on the functions of membrane lipid derivatives and their involvement in plant responses to pathogens as biotic stressors. We describe major plant defense systems including systemic-acquired resistance, basal resistance, hypersensitivity and the gene-for-gene concept in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Linda Elizabeth Jewell
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 204 Brookfield Rd, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1E 6J5, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H5G4, Canada
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13
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D'Alessandro S, Beaugelin I, Havaux M. Tanned or Sunburned: How Excessive Light Triggers Plant Cell Death. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1545-1555. [PMID: 32992028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants often encounter light intensities exceeding the capacity of photosynthesis (excessive light) mainly due to biotic and abiotic factors, which lower CO2 fixation and reduce light energy sinks. Under excessive light, the photosynthetic electron transport chain generates damaging molecules, hence leading to photooxidative stress and eventually to cell death. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms linking the excessive absorption of light energy in chloroplasts to programmed cell death in plant leaves. We highlight the importance of reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid photooxidation, their detoxification, and the integrating role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the adoption of phototolerance or cell-death pathways. Finally, we invite the scientific community to standardize the conditions of excessive light treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D'Alessandro
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, BIAM, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Inès Beaugelin
- Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE), School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, BIAM, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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14
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Isoprostanoid Profiling of Marine Microalgae. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071073. [PMID: 32708411 PMCID: PMC7407139 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae result from a complex evolutionary history that shapes their metabolic network. For example, these organisms can synthesize different polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as those found in land plants and oily fish. Due to the presence of numerous double-bonds, such molecules can be oxidized nonenzymatically, and this results in the biosynthesis of high-value bioactive metabolites named isoprostanoids. So far, there have been only a few studies reporting isoprostanoid productions in algae. To fill this gap, the current investigation aimed at profiling isoprostanoids by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in four marine microalgae. A good correlation was observed between the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced by the investigated microalgal species and their isoprostanoid profiles. No significant variations in the content of oxidized derivatives were observed for Rhodomonas salina and Chaetoceros gracilis under copper stress, whereas increases in the production of C18-, C20- and C22-derived isoprostanoids were monitored in Tisochrysis lutea and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, no significant changes were observed for C. gracilis and for T. lutea, while variations were monitored for the other two algae. This study paves the way to further studying the physiological roles of isoprostanoids in marine microalgae and exploring these organisms as bioresources for isoprostanoid production.
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15
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Molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis and assembly of nutritionally important very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Lupette J, Benning C. Human health benefits of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae. Biochimie 2020; 178:15-25. [PMID: 32389760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are single-cell, photosynthetic organisms whose biodiversity places them at the forefront of biological producers of high-value molecules including lipids and pigments. Some of these organisms particular are capable of synthesizing n-3 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), known to have beneficial effects on human health. Indeed, VLC-PUFAs are the precursors of many signaling molecules in humans involved in the complexities of inflammatory processes. This mini-review provides an inventory of knowledge on the synthesis of VLC-PUFAs in microalgae and on the diversity of signaling molecules (prostanoids, leukotrienes, SPMs, EFOX, isoprostanoids) that arise in humans from VLC-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Lupette
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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17
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Zhu Z, Yang M, Bai Y, Ge F, Wang S. Antioxidant-related catalase CTA1 regulates development, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and virulence in pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2792-2810. [PMID: 32250030 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the synthesis of a myriad of secondary metabolites, including aflatoxins. It raises significant concern as it is a potent environmental contaminant. In Aspergillus flavus., antioxidant enzymes link ROS stress response with coordinated gene regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis. In this study, we characterized the function of a core component of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CTA1) of A. flavus. Firstly, we verified the presence of cta1 corresponding protein (CTA1) by Western blot analysis and mass-spectrometry based analysis. Then, the functional study revealed that the growth, sporulation and sclerotia formation significantly increased, while aflatoxins production and virulence were decreased in the cta1 deletion mutant as compared with the WT and complementary strains. Furthermore, the absence of the cta1 gene resulted in a significant rise in the intracellular ROS level, which in turn added to the oxidative stress level of cells. A further quantitative proteomics investigation hinted that in vivo, CTA1 might maintain the ROS level to facilitate the aflatoxin synthesis. All in all, the pleiotropic phenotype of A. flavus CTA1 deletion mutant revealed that the antioxidant system plays a crucial role in fungal development, aflatoxins biosynthesis and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mingkun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Youhuang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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18
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Di Dato V, Barbarinaldi R, Amato A, Di Costanzo F, Fontanarosa C, Perna A, Amoresano A, Esposito F, Cutignano A, Ianora A, Romano G. Variation in prostaglandin metabolism during growth of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5374. [PMID: 32214130 PMCID: PMC7096440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are hormone-like mediators in many physiological and pathological processes that are present in all vertebrates, in some terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, and have also been identified in some macroalgae. They have recently been reported also in marine microalgae but their role as chemical mediators is largely unknown. Here we studied the expression pattern of the PG biosynthetic pathway during different growth phases of the centric diatom Thalassiosira rotula and assessed the release of PGs in the surrounding environment for the first time. We show that enzymes responsible for PGs formation such as cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E synthase 2-like and prostaglandin F synthase are mainly expressed at the end of the exponential phase and that PGs are released especially during the stationary and senescent phases, suggesting a possible signaling function for these compounds. Phylogenetic analysis of the limiting enzyme, COX, indicate the presence in diatoms of more than one enzyme related to the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids belonging to the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily. These findings suggest a more complex evolution and diversity of metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis of lipid mediators in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Dato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Perna
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Adele Cutignano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
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19
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Di Dato V, Ianora A, Romano G. Identification of Prostaglandin Pathway in Dinoflagellates by Transcriptome Data Mining. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020109. [PMID: 32069885 PMCID: PMC7073720 DOI: 10.3390/md18020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates, a major class of marine eukaryote microalgae composing the phytoplankton, are widely recognised as producers of a large variety of toxic molecules, particularly neurotoxins, which can also act as potent bioactive pharmacological mediators. In addition, similarly to other microalgae, they are also good producers of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), important precursors of key molecules involved in cell physiology. Among PUFA derivatives are the prostaglandins (Pgs), important physiological mediators in several physiological and pathological processes in humans, also used as “biological” drugs. Their synthesis is very expensive because of the elevated number of reaction steps required, thus the search for new Pgs production methods is of great relevance. One possibility is their extraction from microorganisms (e.g., diatoms), which have been proved to produce the same Pgs as humans. In the present study, we took advantage of the available transcriptomes for dinoflagellates in the iMicrobe database to search for the Pgs biosynthetic pathway using a bioinformatic approach. Here we show that dinoflagellates express nine Pg-metabolism related enzymes involved in both Pgs synthesis and reduction. Not all of the enzymes were expressed simultaneously in all the species analysed and their expression was influenced by culturing conditions, especially salinity of the growth medium. These results confirm the existence of a biosynthetic pathway for these important molecules in unicellular microalgae other than diatoms, suggesting a broad diffusion and conservation of the Pgs pathway, which further strengthen their importance in living organisms.
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20
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Jaussaud A, Lupette J, Salvaing J, Jouhet J, Bastien O, Gromova M, Maréchal E. Stepwise Biogenesis of Subpopulations of Lipid Droplets in Nitrogen Starved Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:48. [PMID: 32117386 PMCID: PMC7026457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular heterokonts, living in oceans and freshwaters, exposed to frequent environmental variations. They have a sophisticated membrane compartmentalization and are bounded by a siliceous cell-wall. Formation of lipid droplets (LDs), filled with triacylglycerol (TAG), is a common response to stress. The proteome of mature-LDs from Phaeodactylum tricornutum highlighted the lack of proteins involved in early-LD formation, TAG biosynthesis or LD-to-LD connections. These features suggest that cytosolic LDs might reach a size limit. We analyzed the dynamics of LD formation in P. tricornutum (Pt1 8.6; CCAP 1055/1) during 7 days of nitrogen starvation, by monitoring TAG by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, and LD radius using epifluorescence microscopy and pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. We confirmed that mature LDs reach a maximal size. Based on pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, we did not detect any LD-LD fusion. Three LD subpopulations were produced, each with a different maximal size, larger-sized LDs (radius 0.675 ± 0.125 µm) being generated first. Mathematical modeling showed how smaller LDs are produced once larger LDs have reached their maximum radius. In a mutant line having larger cells, the maximal size of the first LD subpopulation was higher (0.941 ± 0.169 µm), while the principle of stepwise formation of distinct LD populations was maintained. Results suggest that LD size is determined by available cytosolic space and sensing of an optimal size reached in the previous LD subpopulation. Future perspectives include the unraveling of LD-size control mechanisms upon nitrogen shortage. This study also provides novel prospects for the optimization of oleaginous microalgae for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Jaussaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Michigan State University, MI, East Lansing, USA
| | - Juliette Salvaing
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Gromova
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Marina Gromova, ; Eric Maréchal,
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Marina Gromova, ; Eric Maréchal,
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Deboever E, Deleu M, Mongrand S, Lins L, Fauconnier ML. Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Underestimated Roles of Phyto-oxylipins. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:22-34. [PMID: 31668451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant (or phyto-) oxylipins (POs) are produced under a wide range of stress conditions and although they are well known to activate stress-related signalling pathways, the nonsignalling roles of POs are poorly understood. We describe oxylipins as direct biocidal agents and propose that structure-function relationships play here a pivotal role. Based on their chemical configuration, POs, such as reactive oxygen and electrophile species, activate defence-related gene expression. We also propose that their ability to interact with pathogen membranes is important, but still misunderstood, and that they are involved in cross-kingdom communication. Taken as a whole, the current literature suggests that POs have a high potential as biocontrol agents. However, the mechanisms underlying these multifaceted compounds remain largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deboever
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry (LCMN), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Magali Deleu
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Research Mix Unity (UMR) 5200, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Lins
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry (LCMN), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Johnson MD, Edwards BR, Beaudoin DJ, Van Mooy BAS, Vardi A. Nitric oxide mediates oxylipin production and grazing defense in diatoms. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:629-645. [PMID: 31782207 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diatom blooms are important features of productive marine ecosystems and are known to support higher trophic levels. However, when stressed or wounded, diatoms can produce oxylipin molecules known to inhibit the reproduction and development of copepods and decrease microzooplankton growth rates. Using oxylipin chemical treatments, lipidomic analysis and functional genomic approaches, we provide evidence that nitric oxide (NO) and oxylipin signalling pathways in diatoms respond to protist grazers, resulting in increased defence fitness and survival. Exposure of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina resulted in NO production by P. tricornutum and pronounced change in its dissolved oxylipin profile. Experimentally elevating levels of NO also resulted in increased oxylipin production, and lower overall grazing rates. Furthermore, O. marina preferentially grazed on P. tricornutum prey with lower levels of NO, suggesting that this molecule and its effect on oxylipin pathways play a key role in prey selection. Exposure of O. marina grazing on P. tricornutum to exogenous oxylipins also decreased grazing rates, which is consistent with a grazing deterrence role for these molecules. These results suggest that NO and oxylipin production help to structure diatom communities, in part by modulating interactions with microzooplankton predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Johnson
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Bethanie R Edwards
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - David J Beaudoin
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Benjamin A S Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Maréchal E, Lupette J. Relationship between acyl-lipid and sterol metabolisms in diatoms. Biochimie 2019; 169:3-11. [PMID: 31291593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are a phylum of unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes living in oceans and fresh waters, characterized by the complexity of their plastid, resulting from a secondary endosymbiosis event. In the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, fatty acids (FAs) are synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the stroma of the plastid, producing palmitic acid. FAs are elongated and desaturated to form very-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in domains of the endomembrane system that need to be identified. Synthesis of VLC-PUFAs is coupled with their import to the core of the plastid via the so-called "omega" pathway. The biosynthesis of sterols in diatoms is likely to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as using precursors deriving from the mevalonate pathway, using acetyl-CoA as initial substrate. These metabolic modules can be characterized functionally by genetic analyzes or chemical treatments with appropriate inhibitors. Some 'metabolic modules' are characterized by a very low level of metabolic intermediates. Since some chemical treatments or genetic perturbation of lipid metabolism induce the accumulation of these intermediates, channeling processes are possibly involved, suggesting that protein-protein interactions might occur between enzymes within large size complexes or metabolons. At the junction of these modules, metabolic intermediates might therefore play dramatic roles in directing carbon fluxes from one direction to another. Here, acetyl-CoA seems determinant in the balance between TAGs and sterols. Future lines of research and potential utilization for biotechnological applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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